Reference Type: Book Section Record Number: 8409 Author: DeCusatis, C. Year: 2017 Title: 1 - Data center architectures Book Title: Optical Interconnects for Data Centers Publisher: Woodhead Publishing Pages: 3-41 Short Title: 1 - Data center architectures ISBN: 978-0-08-100512-5 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-08-100512-5.00001-2 Keywords: Data center architecture enterprise client-server peer-to-peer cloud Ethernet SDN Abstract: Abstract Data centers house the computational power, storage, networking, and software applications that form the basis of most modern business, academic, and government institutions. This chapter provides an overview of data center fundamentals, with particular emphasis on the role of optical data networking. The chapter begins with an introduction and brief history of data center design, followed by a discussion of environmental considerations including raised floors, fire suppression, energy consumption, and the role of containerized data centers. Industry standard data center classification tiers are presented. Application architectures are discussed, including client-server, peer-to-peer, high performance computing, and cloud computing infrastructure-as-a-service architectures. The physical architectures of Ethernet networked data centers are presented, including Layer 2 and Layer 3 design considerations (alternatives including Fibre Channel storage networks and InfiniBand are briefly mentioned). Network protocols are discussed, including ECMP, STP, transparent interconnect for lots of links (TRILL), shortest path bridging (SPB), and others, in the context of top-of-rack, middle-of-rack, leaf-spine, spline, and other topologies. Design considerations are discussed, including agility, flattened converged networks, virtualization, latency, oversubscription, energy efficiency, scalability, security, availability, and reliability (including database availability constructs). Finally, future design considerations for next generation data centers are presented, including software designed data centers, and the role of optical interconnects is presented, including industry roadmaps. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780081005125000012 Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9207 Author: Lewis, G. A., Muccini, H., Rosenblum, D., Gray, J., Nagappan, N. and Shihab, E. Year of Conference: 2013 Title: 1st International workshop on the engineering of mobile-enabled systems (MOBS 2013) Conference Name: 2013 35th International Conference on Software Engineering (ICSE) Pages: 1533-1534 Date: 18-26 May 2013 Short Title: 1st International workshop on the engineering of mobile-enabled systems (MOBS 2013) ISBN: 0270-5257 DOI: 10.1109/ICSE.2013.6606773 Keywords: Conferences Educational institutions Mobile communication Mobile computing Smart phones Software engineering BYOD cloud computing mobile systems mobile-enabled systems pervasive computing software architecture systems architecture ubiquitous computing Abstract: Mobile-enabled systems make use of mobile devices, RFID tags, sensor nodes, and other computing-enabled mobile devices to gather contextual data from users and the surrounding changing environment. Such systems produce computational data that can be stored and used in the field, shared between mobile and resident devices, and potentially uploaded to local servers or the cloud — a distributed, heterogeneous, context-aware, data production and consumption paradigm. Mobile-enabled systems have characteristics that make them different from traditional systems, such as limited resources, increased vulnerability, performance and reliability variability, and a finite energy source. There is significantly higher unpredictability in the execution environment of mobile apps. This workshop brings together experts from the software engineering and mobile computing communities — with notable participation from researchers and practitioners in the field of distributed systems, enterprise systems, cloud systems, ubiquitous computing, wireless sensor networks, and pervasive computing — to share results and open issues in the area of software engineering of mobile-enabled systems. Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 8197 Author: Holthaus, Patrick, Hermann, Thomas, Wrede, Sebastian, Wachsmuth, Sven and Wrede, Britta Year: 2016 Title: 1st international workshop on embodied interaction with smart environments (workshop summary) Conference Name: Proceedings of the 18th ACM International Conference on Multimodal Interaction Conference Location: Tokyo, Japan Publisher: ACM Pages: 589-590 DOI: 10.1145/2993148.3007628 Place Published: 3007628 Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 8843 Author: Medvidovic, N., Malek, S., Mirakhorli, M. and Garcia, J. Year of Conference: 2017 Title: 1st International Workshop on Establishing the Community-Wide Infrastructure for Architecture-Based Software Engineering (ECASE 2017) Conference Name: 2017 IEEE/ACM 1st International Workshop on Establishing the Community-Wide Infrastructure for Architecture-Based Software Engineering (ECASE) Pages: 1-1 Date: 22-22 May 2017 Short Title: 1st International Workshop on Establishing the Community-Wide Infrastructure for Architecture-Based Software Engineering (ECASE 2017) DOI: 10.1109/ECASE.2017.9 Keywords: Computer architecture Maintenance engineering Software architecture Software systems Tools Abstract: Summary form only given, as follows. The complete presentation was not made available for publication as part of the conference proceedings. ECASE 2017 Workshop Summary. Software architecture plays an important role in facilitating the maintenance of a software system. Over the past two decades, software architecture research has yielded many different tools and techniques for understanding and maintaining the architectures of large, complex software systems. However, empirical research and technology transfer are impeded by myriad disjoint research and development environments, lack of a shared infrastructure, high initial costs associated with developing robust tools, and a lack of datasets needed to conduct empirical research in this domain. ECASE gathers researchers and practitioners from two areas - software architecture and empirical software engineering - to explore the issues at the intersection of these areas and identify plausible solutions that jointly move both areas forward. The overall objective of ECASE is to collaboratively elicit requirements, propose a design for, and determine the foundation of potential infrastructures and instruments that would support empirical research in the domain of architecture-based software development and maintenance. Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 7893 Author: Wnuk, Krzysztof and Axelsson, Jakob Year: 2015 Title: 1st International Workshop on Software Architecture Asset Decision-Making (SAADM) Conference Name: Proceedings of the 2015 European Conference on Software Architecture Workshops Conference Location: Dubrovnik, Cavtat, Croatia Publisher: ACM Pages: 1-3 DOI: 10.1145/2797433.2797482 Place Published: 2797482 Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 8071 Author: Campbell, P. R. J., Ahmed, Faheem, Bosch, Jan and Jansen, Slinger Year: 2010 Title: 2nd International Workshop on Software Ecosystems (EcoSys) Conference Name: Proceedings of the Fourth European Conference on Software Architecture: Companion Volume Conference Location: Copenhagen, Denmark Publisher: ACM Pages: 63-64 DOI: 10.1145/1842752.1842771 Place Published: 1842771 Reference Type: Book Section Record Number: 8661 Author: James, Kevin Year: 2000 Title: 3 - Sensors and interfacing Book Title: PC Interfacing and Data Acquisition Place Published: Oxford Publisher: Newnes Pages: 71-130 Short Title: 3 - Sensors and interfacing ISBN: 978-0-7506-4624-6 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-075064624-6/50003-1 Abstract: Publisher Summary Sensors are the primary input element involved in reading physical quantities into a data acquisition and control (DA&C) system. They are generally used to measure analogue signals although the term `sensor' does in fact encompass some digital devices, such as proximity switches. This chapter discusses the attributes of sensors, actuators, signal conditioning, and digitization circuitry that have a direct bearing on software design. Most types of sensor operate in a purely analogue manner, converting the measurand to an equivalent analogue signal. The sensor output generally takes the form of a change in some electrical parameter such as voltage, current, capacitance or resistance. Sensor characteristics cannot be considered in isolation. Sensors are often closely coupled to their signal-conditioning circuits and one must, therefore, also take into account the performance of this component when designing a DA&C system. Signal-conditioning and digitization circuitry can play an important role in determining the characteristics of the measuring system as a whole. Although signal-conditioning circuits can introduce undesirable properties of their own, such as noise or drift, they are usually designed to compensate for inadequacies in the sensor's response. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780750646246500031 Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8599 Author: Kapur, Tina, Egger, Jan, Damato, Antonio, Schmidt, Ehud J. and Viswanathan, Akila N. Year: 2012 Title: 3-T MR-guided brachytherapy for gynecologic malignancies Journal: Magnetic Resonance Imaging Volume: 30 Issue: 9 Pages: 1279-1290 Date: 11// Short Title: 3-T MR-guided brachytherapy for gynecologic malignancies ISSN: 0730-725X DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mri.2012.06.003 Keywords: Brachytherapy Segmentation Bias correction MR susceptibility artifact Visualization Registration Abstract: Gynecologic malignancies are a leading cause of death in women worldwide. Standard treatment for many primary and recurrent gynecologic cancer cases includes external-beam radiation followed by brachytherapy. Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging is beneficial in diagnostic evaluation, in mapping the tumor location to tailor radiation dose and in monitoring the tumor response to treatment. Initial studies of MR guidance in gynecologic brachytherapy demonstrate the ability to optimize tumor coverage and reduce radiation dose to normal tissues, resulting in improved outcomes for patients. In this article, we describe a methodology to aid applicator placement and treatment planning for 3 Tesla (3-T) MR-guided brachytherapy that was developed specifically for gynecologic cancers. This methodology has been used in 18 cases from September 2011 to May 2012 in the Advanced Multimodality Image Guided Operating (AMIGO) suite at Brigham and Women's Hospital. AMIGO comprises state-of-the-art tools for MR imaging, image analysis and treatment planning. An MR sequence using three-dimensional (3D)-balanced steady-state free precession in a 3-T MR scanner was identified as the best sequence for catheter identification with ballooning artifact at the tip. 3D treatment planning was performed using MR images. Items in development include software designed to support virtual needle trajectory planning that uses probabilistic bias correction, graph-based segmentation and image registration algorithms. The results demonstrate that 3-T MR image guidance has a role in gynecologic brachytherapy. These novel developments have the potential to improve targeted treatment to the tumor while sparing the normal tissues. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0730725X12002019 Reference Type: Book Section Record Number: 8426 Author: Zhu, Hong Year: 2005 Title: 4 - Software Architecture Book Title: Software Design Methodology Place Published: Oxford Publisher: Butterworth-Heinemann Pages: 73-110 Short Title: 4 - Software Architecture ISBN: 978-0-7506-6075-4 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-075066075-4/50007-8 Abstract: Publisher Summary This chapter introduces the notion of software architecture and architectural styles and discusses its role in software design. Software architecture is an abstract representation, or model, of a software system in terms of a structure that consists of a collection of elements together with the relationships among them to achieve software design purposes and to manifest a certain set of design properties of the system. It plays three fundamental roles in software design—it is a language that facilitates the communications among stakeholders, it is a model of the system that manifests early design decisions, and it is a notation that represents transferable knowledge of a system at an abstract level. An architectural style defines a family of systems in terms of a pattern of structural organizations. For many styles, there may also be one or more semantic models that specify a system's overall properties from the properties of its parts. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780750660754500078 Reference Type: Book Section Record Number: 8617 Author: Zhu, Hong Year: 2005 Title: 7 - Using Styles in Design Book Title: Software Design Methodology Place Published: Oxford Publisher: Butterworth-Heinemann Pages: 173-198 Short Title: 7 - Using Styles in Design ISBN: 978-0-7506-6075-4 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-075066075-4/50010-8 Abstract: Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the use of architectural styles in software design. It presents a set of design rules to provide guidelines for the choices of architectural styles. Making several designs in different styles and then comparing them in depth is a good idea for making a good design. Architectural styles can be combined together to make an architectural design. There are three different forms of heterogeneous styles. Hierarchical heterogeneity means a component is in an architectural style different from the whole system's style. Simultaneous heterogeneity is when a system can be regarded as two architectural styles at the same time depending on the view to the system. Locational heterogeneity is when a part of the system can be regarded as in one style while another part is in a different style. Combination of architectural styles in one design plays a significant role in software design practices. The chapter also presents several quality attributes to compare the advantages and disadvantages of the designs. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780750660754500108 Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9228 Author: Tilley, S. Year of Conference: 2012 Title: 8th international workshop on graphical documentation: SOA-based systems Conference Name: 2012 IEEE International Professional Communication Conference Pages: 1-2 Date: 8-10 Oct. 2012 Short Title: 8th international workshop on graphical documentation: SOA-based systems ISBN: 2158-091X DOI: 10.1109/IPCC.2012.6408641 Keywords: Graphical documenation Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA) software views Abstract: Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA) is a way of designing, developing, deploying, and managing enterprise systems where business needs and technical solutions are closely aligned. SOA-based systems can be large and complex, so the role of documentation as a means of communicating information about them is very important. This workshop will explore the current state-of-the-art and state-of-the-practice in documenting SOA-based systems, leveraging work such as the “Views and Beyond” approach to documenting software architecture from Carnegie Mellon University's Software Engineering Institute. Reference Type: Book Section Record Number: 8632 Author: Robinson, John A. Year: 2004 Title: 9 - Design methodology Book Title: Software Design for Engineers and Scientists Place Published: Oxford Publisher: Newnes Pages: 235-243 Short Title: 9 - Design methodology ISBN: 978-0-7506-6080-8 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-075066080-8/50009-8 Abstract: Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the overall shape of design methodology suitable for scientific and engineering programming. The earliest and simplest model for structuring the design process is linear, consisting of steps such as problem identification; problem statement with design criteria; specification of requirements; ideation: devising possible solutions; feasibility analysis; optimization; selection of solution; detailed design; implementation; testing; release; and maintenance. Another model, the Cyclic model, can also be used for structuring design methodology. A cyclic model can emphasize the hierarchical nature of complex designs, where decomposition into subproblems is one level, and solution of each subproblem follows the same sequence of steps but at a lower level. Other models of design methodology include the waterfall model and spiral model. A linear/all-at-once methodology is presented in the chapter. The steps involved in the software design methodology include understanding the problem, researching possible solutions, modularization, programming, and testing. Each of these steps in the design process is, to some extent, the generation of a solution. Understanding a problem may go a significant way towards solving it. Researching possible solutions provides the insight to make the right choices in the final design. Modularization and programming have good claims to being the “problem solving” step because they determine the shape of the program. And testing is fundamentally linked to the problem statement and the implementation that it has a causal role in reaching the final solution. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780750660808500098 Reference Type: Book Section Record Number: 8422 Author: Laurini, Robert Year: 2017 Title: 10 - Geographic Applicative Rules Book Title: Geographic Knowledge Infrastructure Publisher: Elsevier Pages: 195-222 Short Title: 10 - Geographic Applicative Rules ISBN: 978-1-78548-243-4 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-1-78548-243-4.50010-4 Keywords: Exceptions Geographic Applicative Rules Global rules Information technology Local rules Rule language Rules indexing Stakeholders Street naming Abstract: Abstract: According to rules (business rules) should be considered as first-class citizens in computer science. In enterprises, the “craft” of expert know-how is capitalized in an information system in the form of “business” rules. These rules can then be explained and implemented in applications such as business intelligence in software architectures integrated type ERP (Enterprise Resource Planning) or not. For example, the SAP-integrated software package is based on a declarative formalism for the description of the job tasks with lists of rules, such as “automobile insurance does not cover drivers who have been recognized guilty of driving while intoxicated over the past two years”, or “when monthly invoices are sent, the supplementary documents that match the profile of the client should be included”. On the other hand, the explanation and the formalization of business rules is still a hot topic as a new standard from the OMG was issued in September 2015 entitled Decision Model and Notation. The objective is to provide a language of formalization of business rules including those exploited in the decision-making process (OMG - DMN 2015). URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9781785482434500104 Reference Type: Book Section Record Number: 8495 Author: Thalmann, Daniel Year: 1993 Title: 11 - Using Virtual Reality Techniques in the Animation Process A2 - Earnshaw, R.A Editor: Gigante, M. A. and Jones, H. Book Title: Virtual Reality Systems Place Published: Boston Publisher: Academic Press Pages: 143-159 Short Title: 11 - Using Virtual Reality Techniques in the Animation Process A2 - Earnshaw, R.A ISBN: 978-0-12-227748-1 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-227748-1.50019-6 Abstract: Abstract This paper tries to find the various functions involved in an animation system and how virtual reality techniques and multimedia input could play a role. A classification of VR-based methods is proposed: real-time rotoscopy methods, real-time direct metaphors and real-time recognition-based metaphors. Several examples are presented: 3D shape creation, camera motion, body motion control, hand animation, and facial animation. The hardware and software architecture of our animation system is also described. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780122277481500196 Reference Type: Book Section Record Number: 8515 Author: Robinson, John A. Year: 2004 Title: 14 - Testing Book Title: Software Design for Engineers and Scientists Place Published: Oxford Publisher: Newnes Pages: 298-309 Short Title: 14 - Testing ISBN: 978-0-7506-6080-8 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-075066080-8/50014-1 Abstract: Testing has four roles in software design:u ⊙ finding faults ⊙ assessing performance ⊙ discovering behaviour ⊙ driving code development. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780750660808500141 Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9450 Author: Hong, Mei Year of Conference: 2004 Title: ABC: supporting software architectures in the whole lifecycle Conference Name: Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Software Engineering and Formal Methods, 2004. SEFM 2004. Pages: 342-343 Date: 28-30 Sept. 2004 Short Title: ABC: supporting software architectures in the whole lifecycle DOI: 10.1109/SEFM.2004.1347538 Keywords: middleware object-oriented programming software architecture software maintenance software reusability Architecture Based Component Composition architectural description bottom-up approach component based software development component composition component-based reuse middleware infrastructures software lifecycle top-down approach Computer architecture Computer science Connectors Costs Object oriented modeling Runtime Software systems Abstract: How to compose prefabricated components is a key issue in component-based reuse. Research on software architecture (SA) and component based software development (CBSD) provides two hopeful solutions from different perspectives. SA provides a top-down approach to realizing component-based reuse, but doesn't pay enough attention to the refinement and implementation of the architectural descriptions, thus not fully able to automate the transformation or composition to form an executable application. CBSD provides a bottom-up way by using existing middleware infrastructures, but this technology is not able to guide systematically the CBSD process, especially the component composition at higher abstract levels. Naturally, a promising solution is to combine the above two approaches to realize component-based reuse. From the above discussion, we argue that SA should play a centric role in the whole software lifecycle, that is, SA description is used as the blueprint and middleware technology as the runtime scaffold for component composition, maintenance and evolution. To demonstrate the philosophy, we propose a software reuse methodology, which is called ABC (Architecture Based Component Composition) (Mei et al., 2001). ABC introduces software architectures into each phase of software life cycle, takes SA as the blueprint of system development, shortens the distance between high-level design and implementation by supporting tools and mapping mechanisms, realizes the automated system composition and deployment on runtime component operating platforms, and makes architecture available at runtime for software maintenance and evolution. Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 8311 Author: Baechler, Andreas, Kurtz, Peter, Hoerz, Thomas, Kruell, Georg, Baechler, Liane and Autenrieth, Sven Year: 2015 Title: About the development of an interactive assistance system for impaired employees in manual order picking Conference Name: Proceedings of the 8th ACM International Conference on PErvasive Technologies Related to Assistive Environments Conference Location: Corfu, Greece Publisher: ACM Pages: 1-4 DOI: 10.1145/2769493.2769528 Place Published: 2769528 Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 8110 Author: Verlage, Martin Year: 1996 Title: About views for modeling software processes in a role-specific manner Conference Name: Joint proceedings of the second international software architecture workshop (ISAW-2) and international workshop on multiple perspectives in software development (Viewpoints '96) on SIGSOFT '96 workshops Conference Location: San Francisco, California, USA Publisher: ACM Pages: 280-284 DOI: 10.1145/243327.243681 Place Published: 243681 Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8556 Author: Russel, A. B. M., Abramson, David, Bethwaite, Blair, Dinh, Minh Ngoc, Enticott, Colin, Firth, Stephen, Garic, Slavisa, Harper, Ian, Lackmann, Martin, Schek, Stefan and Vail, Mary Year: 2010 Title: An abstract virtual instrument system for high throughput automatic microscopy Journal: Procedia Computer Science Volume: 1 Issue: 1 Pages: 545-554 Date: 5// Short Title: An abstract virtual instrument system for high throughput automatic microscopy ISSN: 1877-0509 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2010.04.058 Keywords: Abstract virtual instrument system Scientific workflows Automatic microscopy Grid computing Cancer research Abstract: Virtual Instrument (AVI) system for accelerating scientific discovery. An AVI system is a novel software architecture for building an hierarchical scientific instrument–one in which a virtual instrument could be defined in terms of other physical instruments, and in which significant processing is required in producing the illusion of a single virtual scientific discovery instrument. We show that an AVI can be implemented using existing scientific workflow tools that both control the microscope and perform image analysis operations. The resulting solution is a flexible and powerful system for performing dynamic high throughput automatic microscopy. We illustrate the system using a case study that involves searching for blood vessels in an optical tissue scan, and automatically instructing the microscope to rescan these vessels at higher resolution. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1877050910000591 Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 8940 Author: Shaw, M., DeLine, R. and Zelesnik, G. Year of Conference: 1996 Title: Abstractions and implementations for architectural connections Conference Name: Proceedings of International Conference on Configurable Distributed Systems Pages: 2-10 Date: 1996 Short Title: Abstractions and implementations for architectural connections DOI: 10.1109/CDS.1996.509340 Keywords: high level languages program compilers software tools UniCon architectural connections compiler component interactions connector connector abstractions graphical editor informal abstractions object code open-ended connector collection run-time products software design software system tools Computer architecture Computer science Connectors Control systems Filters Software systems Topology World Wide Web Abstract: The architecture of a software system shows how the system is realized by a collection of components together with the interactions among these components. Conventional design focuses the components, but the properties of the system depend critically on the character of the interactions. Although software designers have good informal abstractions for these interactions, these abstractions are poorly supported by the available languages and tools. As a result, the choice of interaction is often defaulted or made implicitly rather than deliberately chosen. Further, interactions are usually programmed in terms of underlying mechanisms rather than the designers natural abstractions. UniCon supports a rich selection of abstractions for the connectors that mediate interactions among components. Connector implementation presents special challenges. The "compiler" must produce and integrate not only the object code for components, but also a variety of other run-time products. The definition of a connector requires many connector-specific kinds of information in the compiler, graphical editor, and associated tools. Extending the set of connectors supported by UniCon requires this information to be provided by the connector designer and automatically integrated in the compiler. The paper describes the role of connector abstractions in software design, the connector abstractions currently supported by UniCon, and implementation issues associated with supporting an open-ended collection of connectors. Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 7983 Author: Wagner, Stefan and Deissenboeck, Florian Year: 2008 Title: Abstractness, specificity, and complexity in software design Conference Name: Proceedings of the 2nd international workshop on The role of abstraction in software engineering Conference Location: Leipzig, Germany Publisher: ACM Pages: 35-42 DOI: 10.1145/1370164.1370173 Place Published: 1370173 Abstract: Abstraction is one of the fundamental concepts of software design. Consequently, the determination of an appropriate abstraction level for the multitude of artefacts that form a software system is an integral part of software engineering. However, the very nature of abstraction in software design and particularly its interrelation with equally important concepts like complexity, specificity or genericity are not fully understood today. As a step towards a better understanding of the trade-offs involved, this paper proposes a distinction of abstraction into two types that have different effects on the specificity and the complexity of artefacts. We discuss the roles of the two types of abstraction in software design and explain the interrelations between abstractness, specificity, and complexity. Furthermore, we illustrate the benefit of the proposed distinction with multiple examples and describe consequences of our findings for software design activities. Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9537 Author: Niet, Y. Vanessa, Díaz, V. G. and Montenegro, C. E. Year of Conference: 2016 Title: Academic decision making model for higher education institutions using learning analytics Conference Name: 2016 4th International Symposium on Computational and Business Intelligence (ISCBI) Pages: 27-32 Date: 5-7 Sept. 2016 Short Title: Academic decision making model for higher education institutions using learning analytics DOI: 10.1109/ISCBI.2016.7743255 Keywords: computer aided instruction data analysis data mining decision making educational institutions further education learning (artificial intelligence) software architecture academic decision making model higher education institutions learning analytics machine learning Analytical models Data models Databases Decision support systems Education Extract Transform and Load (ETL) Abstract: Through the processes set out by Learning Analytics, this paper describes a decision making model which supports the managers of higher education institutions at the moment of making academic decisions. In the analysis and requirements phase, the importance of creating and categorizing indicators is presented in detail, thereby facilitating the finding of hidden patterns in the educational information. Our work in this field includes the modelling and construction of software architecture in which the work of said indicators is included. Finally, the implementation of this new decision making support tool is shown as the result during a pilot test carried out in a Public University in Latin America. Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8704 Author: Christiaans, Henri and Almendra, Rita Assoreira Year: 2010 Title: Accessing decision-making in software design Journal: Design Studies Volume: 31 Issue: 6 Pages: 641-662 Date: 11// Short Title: Accessing decision-making in software design ISSN: 0142-694X DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.destud.2010.09.005 Keywords: decision-making design process design behaviour design cognition Abstract: This paper presents an analysis of software design protocols as one of the contributions to the 2010 international workshop ‘Studying Professional Software Design’. The aim of the study described here is to analyse the design process of software designers and to compare the results with that of product designers, an area familiar to the authors. Decision-making is the main focus of this study. A descriptive model of decision-making, developed by the authors, has been used to analyse the protocols of the three software design teams. The results give insight in how software designers process their activities, on the influence of individual or team differences, and what the consequences for their outcomes are. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0142694X10000670 Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8549 Author: McDonnell, Janet Year: 2012 Title: Accommodating disagreement: A study of effective design collaboration Journal: Design Studies Volume: 33 Issue: 1 Pages: 44-63 Date: 1// Short Title: Accommodating disagreement: A study of effective design collaboration ISSN: 0142-694X DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.destud.2011.05.003 Keywords: collaborative design conceptual design design negotiation design processes software design Abstract: This paper reports an investigation into the verbal interaction between two experienced software designers developing initial ideas for a new software application. Paying attention to the conversational strategies that make manifest the ‘web of moves’ (Schön, 1985) that characterises expert design behaviour, the study focuses on how the designers keep the designing moving on productively despite uncertainties and ambiguities over the brief and disagreement over elements of the design itself. The study examines how tentativeness supports constructive collaboration and draws attention to the conversational strategies used to accommodate disagreement, in particular explicit reference to it and the use of technicalising terms to encapsulate, but acknowledge, differences about how design requirements should be realised. The work contributes to understanding the subtle conversational mechanisms that support effective design collaboration and highlights the need to acknowledge phenomena that serve collaboration itself. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0142694X1100038X 'File' Attachments: internal-pdf://0602239054/Accommodating disagreement A study of effectiv.pdf Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 8791 Author: Nahar, N. and Sakib, K. Year of Conference: 2016 Title: ACDPR: A Recommendation System for the Creational Design Patterns Using Anti-patterns Conference Name: 2016 IEEE 23rd International Conference on Software Analysis, Evolution, and Reengineering (SANER) Volume: 4 Pages: 4-7 Date: 14-18 March 2016 Short Title: ACDPR: A Recommendation System for the Creational Design Patterns Using Anti-patterns DOI: 10.1109/SANER.2016.44 Keywords: object-oriented programming pattern matching recommender systems ACDPR antipattern based creational design pattern recommender antipattern detection antipatterns behavior analysis behavioral matching creational design pattern recommendation creational design patterns recommendation system semantic analysis semantic matching software designs structural matching structure analysis Cloning Production facilities Prototypes Semantics Software design anti-pattern design pattern design pattern recommendation Abstract: Recommendation of creational design patterns is not an easy task due to the similarities in their intents. Relationships with anti-patterns can play a significant role here. However, the logical definition and characterization of these anti-patterns, categorized by the design patterns, is still missing. The contributions of this paper are to identify and characterize the anti-patterns that reside as alternative solutions to the creational design patterns, and detect those anti-patterns in software designs to recommend the correct design patterns. After the anti-patterns are defined through the analysis of their structure, behavior and semantic, a tool named Anti-pattern based Creational Design Pattern Recommender (ACDPR) is developed. ACDPR uses the findings of the analysis to detect the anti-patterns in software design, performing structural, behavioral and semantic matchings. The outcome of these matching levels are used to calculate a score for each pattern, and based on these scores, creational design patterns are recommended. The justification of the approach is done by running the tool in 21 software, that results in a precision of 1, recall of 0.95, and F-measure of 0.97. Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 9501 Author: Dantam, N. T., Lofaro, D. M., Hereid, A., Oh, P. Y., Ames, A. D. and Stilman, M. Year: 2015 Title: The Ach Library: A New Framework for Real-Time Communication Journal: IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine Volume: 22 Issue: 1 Pages: 76-85 Short Title: The Ach Library: A New Framework for Real-Time Communication ISSN: 1070-9932 DOI: 10.1109/MRA.2014.2356937 Keywords: control engineering computing humanoid robots software libraries Ach library IPC library humanoid robot interprocess communication library multiprocess software design real-time communication Disasters Emergency services Mobile robots Real-time systems Safety Software development Abstract: Correct real-time software is vital for robots in safety-critical roles such as service and disaster response. These systems depend on software for locomotion, navigation, manipulation, and even seemingly innocuous tasks such as safely regulating battery voltage. A multiprocess software design increases robustness by isolating errors to a single process, allowing the rest of the system to continue operation. This approach also assists with modularity and concurrency. For real-time tasks, such as dynamic balance and force control of manipulators, it is critical to communicate the latest data sample with minimum latency. There are many communication approaches intended for both general-purpose and real-time needs [9], [13], [15], [17], [19]. Typical methods focus on reliable communication or network transparency and accept a tradeoff of increased message latency or the potential to discard newer data. By focusing instead on the specific case of real-time communication on a single host, we reduce communication latency and guarantee access to the latest sample. We present a new interprocess communication (IPC) library, Ach which addresses this need, and discuss its application for real-time multiprocess control on three humanoid robots (Figure 1). (Ach is available at http://www.golems.org/projects/ach.html. The name Ach comes from the common abbreviation for the motor neurotransmitter Acetylcholine and the computer networking term ACK.). Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 7951 Author: Parnas, David L. and Weiss, David M. Year: 1985 Title: Active design reviews: principles and practices Conference Name: Proceedings of the 8th international conference on Software engineering Conference Location: London, England Publisher: IEEE Computer Society Press Pages: 132-136 Place Published: 319599 Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8702 Author: Parnas, D. L. and Weiss, D. M. Year: 1987 Title: Active design reviews: Principles and practices Journal: Journal of Systems and Software Volume: 7 Issue: 4 Pages: 259-265 Date: 12// Short Title: Active design reviews: Principles and practices ISSN: 0164-1212 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0164-1212(87)90025-2 Abstract: Although many new software design techniques have emerged in the past 15 years, there have been few changes to the procedures for reviewing the designs produced using these techniques. This report describes an improved technique, based on the following ideas, for reviewing designs. 1. 1. The efforts of each reviewer should be focused on those aspects of the design that suit his or her experience and expertise. 2. 2. The characteristics of the reviewers needed should be explicitly specified before reviewers are selected. 3. 3. Reviewers should be asked to make positive assertions about the design rather than simply allowed to point out defects. 4. 4. The designers pose questions to the reviewers, rather than vice versa. These questions are posed on a set of questionnaires that requires careful study of some aspect of the design. 5. 5. Interaction between designers and reviewers occurs in small meetings involving two to four people rather than meetings of large groups. Illustrations of these ideas are drawn from the application of active design reviews to the Naval Research Laboratory's Software Cost Reduction project. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0164121287900252 Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 9278 Author: Warboys, B., Snowdon, B., Greenwood, R. M., Seet, W., Robertson, I., Morrison, R., Balasubramaniam, D., Kirby, G. and Mickan, K. Year: 2005 Title: An active-architecture approach to COTS integration Journal: IEEE Software Volume: 22 Issue: 4 Pages: 20-27 Short Title: An active-architecture approach to COTS integration ISSN: 0740-7459 DOI: 10.1109/MS.2005.86 Keywords: electronic trading management information systems object-oriented programming software architecture software packages COTS software product business process demand integrated information system turbulent market condition Application software Computer architecture Computer vision Consumer electronics Information systems Java Software engineering Software standards Software systems Standards development COTS active architecture composition and decomposition cybernetics evolution hypercode integration Abstract: COTS software products are increasingly becoming standard components for building integrated information systems. At the same time, the growth of electronic trading, turbulent market conditions, and a project-style approach to business have created a demand for information systems that can be rapidly adapted to changing business process demands. However, the ongoing development of COTS products is unpredictable as their developers and source code are rarely available. Flexible information systems use COTS components because they cost-effectively supply required component functionality. A software architecture can capture a system design as a set of interacting components and capture the role of COTS software in "implementing" certain components. Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9567 Author: Patara, F. and Vicario, E. Year of Conference: 2014 Title: An adaptable patient-centric electronic health record system for personalized home care Conference Name: 2014 8th International Symposium on Medical Information and Communication Technology (ISMICT) Pages: 1-5 Date: 2-4 April 2014 Short Title: An adaptable patient-centric electronic health record system for personalized home care ISBN: 2326-828X DOI: 10.1109/ISMICT.2014.6825237 Keywords: electronic health records medical computing patient care software architecture telemedicine ICT Reflection architectural pattern adaptable patient-centric EHR system advanced software architectures clinical data integration clinical data management compliance verification automated support data streams electronic health record system home care processes personalized home care record structure patient-centric personalization remote monitoring devices systems medicine connection user adapted content presentation Context Diseases Electronic medical records Medical diagnostic imaging Monitoring Electronic Health Record (EHR) system Home care adaptable systems personalized medicine Abstract: The increasing ageing of population and the prevalence of chronic diseases push the adoption of home care processes that can delay or discontinue the access to hospitalization and specialized structures. To this end, ICT plays a crucial enabling role providing a growing ecosystem of diagnostic and monitoring devices, communication networks, and information management applications. As a part of this, advanced software architectures provide means for effective integration and management of clinical data produced by a variety of sources and accessed by a variety of actors involved in the care process. We describe the software architecture of an Electronic Health Record (EHR) system that exploits the Reflection architectural pattern to allow agile tailoring for the needs of different medical specialties. We then show how this adaptability can be further exploited to face a number of challenging requirements posed by the context of home care, including: patient-centric personalization of the record structure; user-adapted content presentation; automated support for compliance verification; systems medicine connection of clinical observations pertaining to different specialties; integration of users observations and data streams acquired from remote monitoring devices. Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 7935 Author: Song, Yuanyuan, Rai, Devendra and Sullivan, Kevin Year: 2008 Title: Adaptation architectures cross levels Conference Name: Proceedings of the 2nd international workshop on Ultra-large-scale software-intensive systems Conference Location: Leipzig, Germany Publisher: ACM Pages: 27-28 DOI: 10.1145/1370700.1370708 Place Published: 1370708 Abstract: To design ULS systems with the adaptive capacity they will need to be viable, requires that we broaden our understanding of software architecture. It is not just the software that must adapt, but the human-technical systems that produce and operate it. The traditional notion of an architecture as an abstract description of software artifacts and processes in an ontology of computational components, connections, and behavioral properties will not suffice. An alternative ontology based on decisions, decision-making tasks, agents, dependences among decisions, and the structure of such dependences appears to be worth exploring. Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 7879 Author: Loques, Orlando and Sztajnberg, Alexandre Year: 2010 Title: Adaptation issues in software architectures of remote health care systems Conference Name: Proceedings of the 2010 ICSE Workshop on Software Engineering in Health Care Conference Location: Cape Town, South Africa Publisher: ACM Pages: 24-28 DOI: 10.1145/1809085.1809089 Place Published: 1809089 Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8522 Author: Pahl, Claus Year: 2004 Title: Adaptive development and maintenance of user-centric software systems Journal: Information and Software Technology Volume: 46 Issue: 14 Pages: 973-986 Date: 11/1/ Short Title: Adaptive development and maintenance of user-centric software systems ISSN: 0950-5849 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.infsof.2004.04.004 Keywords: Adaptive development and maintenance Requirements and software change Participative design Software architecture Evolutionary design Abstract: A software system cannot be developed without considering the various facets of its environment. Stakeholders—including the users that play a central role—have their needs, expectations, and perceptions of a system. Organisational and technical aspects of the environment are constantly changing. The ability to adapt a software system and its requirements to its environment throughout its full lifecycle is of paramount importance in a constantly changing environment. The continuous involvement of users is as important as the constant evaluation of the system and the observation of evolving environments. We present a methodology for adaptive software systems development and maintenance. We draw upon a diverse range of accepted methods including participatory design, software architecture, and evolutionary design. Our focus is on user-centred software systems. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0950584904000722 Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8503 Author: Gui, Ning, De Florio, Vincenzo, Caporaletti, Gabriella and Blondia, Chris Year: 2009 Title: Adaptive Robot Design and Applications in Flexible Manufacturing Environments Journal: IFAC Proceedings Volumes Volume: 42 Issue: 4 Pages: 2149-2154 Date: // Short Title: Adaptive Robot Design and Applications in Flexible Manufacturing Environments ISSN: 1474-6670 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3182/20090603-3-RU-2001.0352 Abstract: Robots have played a very important role in the growing popular flexible manufacturing environments. However, state-of-art industrial robots with high accuracy are rather costly and static. Our works aims at providing a low-cost fast integrating platform with advanced middleware support to seamlessly integrate off-the-shelf or future robot sensors, robots, and actuators as well as industrial IT system. To support such approach, a component-based reconfigurable middleware system is designed. A system runtime service is employed to manage the dependence and whole lifecycle of realtime components by reasoning from component's contract-based service description. A continues deployment mechanism is also designed The software architecture was implemented by so called – Hybrid component model. The evaluation shows that the ARFLEX system achieve the goal of enhance in accuracy, flexibility while provide good real-time characteristics. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1474667016341210 Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 8281 Author: Bigdelou, Ali, Schwarz, Loren and Navab, Nassir Year: 2012 Title: An adaptive solution for intra-operative gesture-based human-machine interaction Conference Name: Proceedings of the 2012 ACM international conference on Intelligent User Interfaces Conference Location: Lisbon, Portugal Publisher: ACM Pages: 75-84 DOI: 10.1145/2166966.2166981 Place Published: 2166981 Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 8113 Author: Newton, John E. and Kirschner, Frank D. Year: 1987 Title: Ada's role in Air Force Software architecture for the 1990s Conference Name: Proceedings of the Joint Ada conference fifth national conference on Ada technology and fourth Washington Ada Symposium Conference Location: Arlington, Virginia, USA Publisher: George Washington University Pages: 367-376 Place Published: 339959 Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9329 Author: Shelton, W., Li, N., Ammann, P. and Offutt, J. Year of Conference: 2012 Title: Adding Criteria-Based Tests to Test Driven Development Conference Name: 2012 IEEE Fifth International Conference on Software Testing, Verification and Validation Pages: 878-886 Date: 17-21 April 2012 Short Title: Adding Criteria-Based Tests to Test Driven Development ISBN: 2159-4848 DOI: 10.1109/ICST.2012.191 Keywords: fault diagnosis object-oriented methods program testing software fault tolerance software quality TDD development process TDD practitioners TDD test criteria-based test example-based unit tests mutation analysis software design decisions software fault detection software intended functionality software testing test driven development Java Programming Rhythm Software Writing Abstract: Test driven development (TDD) is the practice of writing unit tests before writing the source. TDD practitioners typically start with example-based unit tests to verify an understanding of the software's intended functionality and to drive software design decisions. Hence, the typical role of test cases in TDD leans more towards specifying and documenting expected behavior, and less towards detecting faults. Conversely, traditional criteria-based test coverage ignores functionality in favor of tests that thoroughly exercise the software. This paper examines whether it is possible to combine both approaches. Specifically, can additional criteria based tests improve the quality of TDD test suites without disrupting the TDD development process? This paper presents the results of an observational study that generated additional criteria-based tests as part of a TDD exercise. The criterion was mutation analysis and the additional tests were designed to kill mutants not killed by the TDD tests. The additional unit tests found several software faults and other deficiencies in the software. Subsequent interviews with the programmers indicated that they welcomed the additional tests, and that the additional tests did not inhibit their productivity. Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 9492 Author: Canal, C., Fuentes, L., Pimentel, E., Troya, J. M. and Vallecillo, A. Year: 2003 Title: Adding roles to CORBA objects Journal: IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering Volume: 29 Issue: 3 Pages: 242-260 Short Title: Adding roles to CORBA objects ISSN: 0098-5589 DOI: 10.1109/TSE.2003.1183935 Keywords: distributed object management object-oriented methods CORBA objects IDLs automated checking component-based software development protocol interoperability protocols software components Application software Computer architecture Irrigation Programming Proposals Runtime Software architecture Software reusability Testing Abstract: Traditional IDLs were defined for describing the services that objects offer, but not those services they require from other objects, nor the relative order in which they expect their methods to be called. Some of the existing proposals try to add protocol information to object interfaces, but most of them fail to do so in a modular way. In this paper we propose an extension of the CORBA IDL that uses a sugared subset of the polyadic π-calculus for describing object service protocols, based on the concept of roles. Roles allow the modular specification of the observable behavior of CORBA objects, reducing the complexity of the compatibility tests. Our main aim is the automated checking of protocol interoperability between CORBA objects in open component-based environments, using similar techniques to those used in software architecture description and analysis. In addition, our proposal permits the study of substitutability between CORBA objects, as well as the realization of dynamic compatibility tests during their runtime execution. Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 8865 Author: Peterson, G. D. and Hines, J. W. Year of Conference: 1998 Title: Advanced avionics system development: achieving systems superiority through design automation Conference Name: 1998 IEEE Aerospace Conference Proceedings (Cat. No.98TH8339) Volume: 1 Pages: 231-238 vol.1 Date: 21-28 Mar 1998 Short Title: Advanced avionics system development: achieving systems superiority through design automation ISBN: 1095-323X DOI: 10.1109/AERO.1998.686822 Keywords: aerospace computing hardware description languages military avionics military computing software standards VHDL Wright Laboratory programs advanced aircraft avionics system development cost-effective design methodologies design automation design documentation digital electronic systems hardware description language maintenance capabilities manufacturability software design standards developments testing weapons system acquisition weapons system procurement process Aerospace electronics Costs Design methodology Documentation Hardware design languages Military aircraft Procurement Weapons Abstract: Avionics systems in advanced aircraft provide the improved capability critical to achieving mission success for the war fighter. As the costs associated with aircraft avionics continue to mount, improved weapons system acquisition and support depends on cost-effective design methodologies and accurate design documentation. This paper explores how the standard hardware description language VHDL serves a critical role in effective acquisition of digital electronic systems. Wright Laboratory programs focusing on electronic systems design automation provide complementary improvements in design, documentation, and maintenance capabilities. Results from this research supports acquisition reform efforts to streamline the weapons system procurement process and provide contractors the flexibility to use the most effective design management techniques. At the same time, while the US Department of Defense (DoD) is moving away from dictating standards in contracting, the electronics industry continues to embrace open standards as a means to ensure hardware and software component compatibility. The question arises: what methodology and standards developments are necessary to support the continuing development of sophisticated weapons systems for the military? To address this question, the paper explores methodological needs for hardware and software design, manufacturability, test, and related issues to provide context and motivation before describing ongoing work to meet these needs Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9464 Author: Ordonez, M., Sonnaillon, M. O., Murrin, D., Bose, N. and Qiu, W. Year of Conference: 2007 Title: An Advanced Measurement System for Vortex-Induced-Vibrations Characterization in Large-Scale Risers Conference Name: OCEANS 2007 Pages: 1-5 Date: Sept. 29 2007-Oct. 4 2007 Short Title: An Advanced Measurement System for Vortex-Induced-Vibrations Characterization in Large-Scale Risers ISBN: 0197-7385 DOI: 10.1109/OCEANS.2007.4449233 Keywords: accelerometers oceanographic equipment vibration measurement vortices advanced measurement system large scale risers marine risers offshore oil and gas operations seawater flow vortex-induced-vibrations characterization Costs Hydrocarbon reservoirs Instruments Large-scale systems Logistics Petroleum Real time systems Testing Abstract: This paper presents the development of an advanced measurement system for real-time characterization of Vortex Induced Vibrations (VIV) in large-scale marine risers. Marine risers play a critical role in offshore oil and gas operations by transporting mud, debris, and hydrocarbons from the reservoir to the surface platform. The mechanical structure of the riser is constantly subject to the effect of vortex shedding produced by seawater flow, which may result in severe oscillations known as VIV. At present, the prediction of this potentially destructive phenomenon is a challenging area of research that has gained special attention. While there have been significant research contributions on vortex induced vibrations on small riser models (8-10 m in length), the number of experiments on large-scale risers is limited, mainly due to technical complexity, logistics, and cost involved in large scale testing. Furthermore, the experiments that have been carried out are often proprietary and their publication in scientific literature has been limited. High mode results have been a challenge since it is generally accepted that at least five accelerometers are required to accurately map a cycle, and most of the riser models have been instrumented with no more than ten or twenty accelerometers due to the associated technical challenges. The advanced system described herein is modular and has been tested with sixty-four accelerometers, theoretically capable of mapping 25 modes of vibration. This is, therefore, a significant development towards understanding the vortex shedding phenomenon at high modes. A complete description and design considerations for this advanced measurement system is presented in this paper. This includes aspects such as system architecture, hardware and software design, mounting procedure, and communication protocol for an actual application. Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9342 Author: Sztipanovits, J. Year of Conference: 2001 Title: Advances in model-integrated computing Conference Name: IMTC 2001. Proceedings of the 18th IEEE Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference. Rediscovering Measurement in the Age of Informatics (Cat. No.01CH 37188) Volume: 3 Pages: 1660-1664 vol.3 Date: 2001 Short Title: Advances in model-integrated computing ISBN: 1091-5281 DOI: 10.1109/IMTC.2001.929485 Keywords: embedded systems software engineering systems analysis embedded computing integrated system/software design model-based generators model-integrated computing multiple-view domain-specific modeling environments multiple-view domain-specific modeling languages specification tool integration technologies Costs Embedded software Information processing Information technology Mathematical model Physics computing Software design Software systems Vehicle dynamics Abstract: The paper discusses challenges and new directions in integrated system and software design. The primary focus is embedded computing. The first topic describes methods and tools for the specification and construction of multiple-view, domain-specific modeling languages and environments. The second topic focuses on tool integration technologies. The third topic discusses the role of model-based generators in model-integrated computing Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 8792 Author: Kassim, J. M. and Abdullah, R. Year of Conference: 2012 Title: Advisory system architecture in agricultural environment to support decision making process Conference Name: Digital Information and Communication Technology and it's Applications (DICTAP), 2012 Second International Conference on Pages: 453-456 Date: 16-18 May 2012 Short Title: Advisory system architecture in agricultural environment to support decision making process DOI: 10.1109/DICTAP.2012.6215427 Keywords: agricultural engineering decision making knowledge acquisition knowledge management ontologies (artificial intelligence) semantic Web software architecture Internet advisory system architecture agricultural environment cultivation decision making process knowledge cognition knowledge interface knowledge-database ontology-driven advisory systems personalization semantic Web architecture Agriculture Cognition Computer architecture Monitoring Production Advisory system decision making process in agricultural knowledge modeling ontology-driven system processes in advisory system Abstract: The aim of this paper is to proposed software architecture for ontology-driven advisory systems. The architecture reflects the situation in our current agricultural advisory systems where farmers as a client request an advice from the experts to help them in decision making process in their cultivating. The architecture consists of three components, users, module and knowledge/database. Each component complies with the basic process in advisory systems, knowledge acquisition, cognition, and interface. The architecture embeds three approaches in this systems, personalization, knowledge management and ontology. In semantic web architecture all information is spread over the Internet. By using these technologies, we can easily share and reused the information via Internet. Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9291 Author: Li, H., Hao, L. Y., Ge, X., Gao, J. and Guo, S. Year of Conference: 2016 Title: An agent-based approach for crowdsourcing software design Conference Name: 2016 Chinese Control and Decision Conference (CCDC) Pages: 4497-4501 Date: 28-30 May 2016 Short Title: An agent-based approach for crowdsourcing software design DOI: 10.1109/CCDC.2016.7531795 Keywords: outsourcing software agents software engineering agent-based crowdsourcing software design Collaboration Crowdsourcing Industries Proposals Software design agent-based Abstract: In recent years, crowdsourcing is increasingly applied in software engineering. The practices of software crowdsourcing push us to investigate the reason of its success, and then provide effective methods to meet the rapidly growing requirement. In this paper, we present an agent-base model for describing the software crowdsourcing design. Particularly, the individuals participate in software crowdsourcing, who play different roles, such as requesters, online workers, organizers, are abstracted as agents. Based on that, an agent-based crowdsourcing software design approach is therefore presented in the following. Two case studies are carried out and the validity of this approach is then verified. Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 8878 Author: Mustapha, K. and Frayret, J. M. Year of Conference: 2016 Title: Agent-based modeling and simulation software architecture for health care Conference Name: 2016 6th International Conference on Simulation and Modeling Methodologies, Technologies and Applications (SIMULTECH) Pages: 1-12 Date: 29-31 July 2016 Short Title: Agent-based modeling and simulation software architecture for health care Keywords: digital simulation diseases groupware health care hospitals patient care software agents software architecture HC agent-based simulation chronic diseases collaborative scheduling computer simulation conceptual level hospital simulation level Cancer Computational modeling Medical diagnostic imaging Multi-agent systems Object oriented modeling Colon and Colorectal Cancer Abstract: Health Care (HC) organizational structure and related management policies are essential factors of HC system. They can be tested through simulations in order to improve HC performance. To simplify the design of these simulations we have proposed a modelling approach based on an additional structure. The modelling approach considers the complexity of the modelling process, where in the various models are developed. This approach is organized according to two main abstraction levels, a conceptual level and a simulation level. We developed a computer simulation environment of patient care trajectories using the agent in order to evaluate new approaches to increase hospital productivity and adapt hospital clinical practice conditions for the elderly and patients with multiple chronic diseases. For that, we have developed a multi-agent framework to simulate the activities and roles in a HC system. This framework can be used to assist the collaborative scheduling of complex tasks that involve multiple personals and resources. In addition, it can be used to study the efficiency of the HC system and the influence of different policies. Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 7929 Author: Simons, Christopher L. and Parmee, Ian C. Year: 2008 Title: Agent-based support for interactive search in conceptual software engineering design Conference Name: Proceedings of the 10th annual conference on Genetic and evolutionary computation Conference Location: Atlanta, GA, USA Publisher: ACM Pages: 1785-1786 DOI: 10.1145/1389095.1389440 Place Published: 1389440 Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9097 Author: Leuchter, S., Muhlenberg, D. and Schonbein, R. Year of Conference: 2008 Title: Agent-based web for information fusion in military intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance Conference Name: 2008 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man and Cybernetics Pages: 3732-3737 Date: 12-15 Oct. 2008 Short Title: Agent-based web for information fusion in military intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance ISBN: 1062-922X DOI: 10.1109/ICSMC.2008.5054671 Keywords: IP networks Information management Intelligent agent Intelligent networks Intelligent sensors Military computing Reconnaissance Satellite ground stations Software architecture Surveillance defense, intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance, ISR, information space, information fusion software agents, software architecture, personalization Abstract: This paper describes a research prototype of an experimental information management system for the German Federal Armed Forces. The system is realized as an agent-based web for military intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance (ISR). Users can access ISR related information, services, and experts through this web. Information management is based on a semantic representation of sensor data and other ISR information. The system supports information fusion and offers personalized functionalities. This contribution reports the current state of the system, its software architecture and support functions. Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9248 Author: Xiao, L., Fox, J. and Zhu, H. Year of Conference: 2013 Title: An Agent-Oriented Approach to Support Multidisciplinary Care Decisions Conference Name: 2013 3rd Eastern European Regional Conference on the Engineering of Computer Based Systems Pages: 8-17 Date: 29-30 Aug. 2013 Short Title: An Agent-Oriented Approach to Support Multidisciplinary Care Decisions DOI: 10.1109/ECBS-EERC.2013.10 Keywords: decision making decision support systems diseases health care medical information systems object-oriented programming patient care software architecture IT support adaptive agent architectural model agent-oriented approach agent-oriented model driven architecture cancer disease care team chronic disease clinical evidence clinical guidelines clinical specialists decision support management model distributed environment healthcare authority joint clinical decision making joint clinical decision-making multidisciplinary care decisions open agent architectural model open environment safe delivery working environments Adaptation models Collaboration Guidelines Medical services Object oriented modeling Protocols Multi-Agent Systems Multidisciplinary Care Pathways Open and Adaptive Software Architecture Abstract: Patient care is becoming increasingly complex and multidisciplinary for many conditions, notably cancer and chronic diseases, in which a care team participates in and shares responsibility for the patient's care. Providing IT support for joint clinical decision making in an open and distributed environment raises some challenges that are worth our attention: 1) new clinical evidence and guidelines, published by healthcare authorities and subject to continuous revision, need to be shared and enacted by the care team, as automatically as possible, 2) clinical specialists, located in their own working environments, need to be able to group together wherever necessary, 3) decision points, distributed in the environment, need to refer consistently the same set of guidelines and unless these are well-coordinated across the care team, safe delivery of care will be hard to guarantee. In this paper we propose an open and adaptive agent architectural model to resolve these challenges. This is based on an Agent-oriented Model Driven Architecture and a decision support management model, which are integrated to support joint clinical decision-making. Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 8788 Author: Ghosn, S. Bou, Ranganathan, P., Salem, S., Tang, J., Loegering, D. and Nygard, K. E. Year of Conference: 2010 Title: Agent-Oriented Designs for a Self Healing Smart Grid Conference Name: 2010 First IEEE International Conference on Smart Grid Communications Pages: 461-466 Date: 4-6 Oct. 2010 Short Title: Agent-Oriented Designs for a Self Healing Smart Grid DOI: 10.1109/SMARTGRID.2010.5622085 Keywords: fault tolerant computing multi-agent systems smart power grids Java agent development framework agent-oriented designs electrical grids multiagent system self healing smart grid Adaptation model Decision making Density estimation robust algorithm Monitoring Power system stability Smart grids Abstract: Electrical grids are highly complex and dynamic systems that can be unreliable, insecure, and inefficient in serving end consumers. The promise of Smart Grids lies in the architecting and developing of intelligent distributed and networked systems for automated monitoring and controlling of the grid to improve performance. We have designed an agent-oriented architecture for a simulation which can help in understanding Smart Grid issues and in identifying ways to improve the electrical grid. We focus primarily on the self-healing problem, which concerns methodologies for activating control solutions to take preventative actions or to handle problems after they occur. We present software design issues that must be considered in producing a system that is flexible, adaptable and scalable. Agent-based systems provide a paradigm for conceptualizing, designing, and implementing software systems. Agents are sophisticated computer programs that can act autonomously and communicate with each other across open and distributed environments. We present design issues that are appropriate in developing a Multi-agent System (MAS) for the grid. Our MAS is implemented in the Java Agent Development Framework (JADE). Our Smart Grid Simulation uses many types of agents to acquire and monitor data, support decision making, and represent devices, controls, alternative power sources, the environment, management functions, and user interfaces. Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 7882 Author: Hadar, Irit and Sherman, Sofia Year: 2012 Title: Agile vs. plan-driven perceptions of software architecture Conference Name: Proceedings of the 5th International Workshop on Co-operative and Human Aspects of Software Engineering Conference Location: Zurich, Switzerland Publisher: IEEE Press Pages: 50-55 Place Published: 2663650 Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9193 Author: Hadar, I. and Sherman, S. Year of Conference: 2012 Title: Agile vs. plan-driven perceptions of software architecture Conference Name: 2012 5th International Workshop on Co-operative and Human Aspects of Software Engineering (CHASE) Pages: 50-55 Date: 2-2 June 2012 Short Title: Agile vs. plan-driven perceptions of software architecture DOI: 10.1109/CHASE.2012.6223022 Keywords: software architecture software prototyping agile methodologies agile philosophy agile projects perceive architecture activities complex system development projects human-centric software development process plan-driven perceptions Computer architecture Conferences Documentation Programming Software Testing agile methodology development methodologies qualitative research Abstract: The use of agile methodologies in industry has increased significantly over the past decade, promoting the value of human-centric software development process. This growing use derives the need to adjust agile methodologies to bigger, more complex system development projects, where architecture plays a significant role. However, many believe that an essential conflict exists between the requirement of minimalism in agile methods and the need for well-defined and documented architecture in complex systems. This paper presents an exploratory study aimed at understanding the software architecture related activities as perceived by architects with and without experience in agile methodologies. The findings indicate that while architects practicing only plan-driven methodologies perceive architecture activities as being related only to the first phases of the development process, architects involved in agile projects perceive architecture activities to be related to most or all phases of the development lifecycle. The latter perceptions are consistent with suggestions expressed in the literature regarding architecture in general and in agile methodologies in particular. Based on these findings we suggest that agile methods not only lead architects to adjust their behavior to the agile philosophy, but also improve architects' perceptions and practice of architecture in general. 'File' Atttachments: internal-pdf://1958886197/Agile vs. plan-driven perceptions of software.pdf Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 9371 Author: Abrahamsson, P., Babar, M. A. and Kruchten, P. Year: 2010 Title: Agility and Architecture: Can They Coexist? Journal: IEEE Software Volume: 27 Issue: 2 Pages: 16-22 Short Title: Agility and Architecture: Can They Coexist? ISSN: 0740-7459 DOI: 10.1109/MS.2010.36 Keywords: software architecture software development management agile development design assumptions design decisions industrial software development practices software intensive systems Computer architecture Computer industry Feedback Programming Scalability agile development methods software engineering Abstract: Agile development has significantly impacted industrial software development practices. However, despite its wide popularity, there's an increasing perplexity about software architecture's role and importance in agile approaches. Advocates of architecture's vital role in achieving quality goals for large software-intensive systems doubt the scalability of any development approach that doesn't pay sufficient attention to architecture. This article talks about software architecture being relevant to the basis of aspects such as communication among team members, inputs to subsequent design decisions, documenting design assumptions, and evaluating design alternatives. In a large software organization, implementing agile approaches isn't a straightforward adoption problem. Most likely, it will take several years to shorten the feedback cycles to benefit from the adaptability and earlier value-creation opportunities. Failure is a natural part of process improvement. Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9287 Author: Nakauchi, K., Ishizu, K., Murakami, H., Nakao, A. and Harada, H. Year of Conference: 2011 Title: AMPHIBIA: A Cognitive Virtualization Platform for End-to-End Slicing Conference Name: 2011 IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC) Pages: 1-5 Date: 5-9 June 2011 Short Title: AMPHIBIA: A Cognitive Virtualization Platform for End-to-End Slicing ISBN: 1550-3607 DOI: 10.1109/icc.2011.5962961 Keywords: cognitive radio quality of service radio access networks telecommunication networks AMPHIBIA QoS cognitive radio technology cognitive virtualization platform cooperative resource allocation end-to-end slicing heterogeneous wired networks heterogeneous wireless access networks multimode wireless terminals multiple virtual network technology network architecture network virtualization radio frequency utilization reconfigurability resource management virtual networks wireless environment wireless resource wireless technology Base stations Computer architecture Prototypes Wireless networks Wireless sensor networks Abstract: To cope with the increasingly diversifying services, QoS, and network architectures, network virtualization is a promising technology that enables the concurrent deployment of multiple network technologies on a shared network. However, traditional research on network virtualization preliminarily focuses on a wired environment and network virtualization for a wireless environment is not well studied. Considering that in near-future, various wireless technologies will play the most important role in access networks and multi-mode wireless terminals will become more popular, it is crucial to extend the concept of network virtualization to wireless networks. We refer to building such extended virtual networks as "end-to-end slicing". The key technical challenges for such extension are (1) abstraction of heterogeneous wireless access networks for maximizing radio frequency utilization and (2) isolation of wireless resources such as radio frequencies, throughput, or name spaces for accommodating multiple virtual networks on a single wireless access network. In this paper, we tackle the first challenge and propose a Cognitive Virtualization Platform, called AMPHIBIA, which enables end-to-end slicing over heterogeneous wired and wireless networks. AMPHIBIA is a platform to provide independent virtual networks each of which can be configured for the corresponding service and to coordinate the resource management in both sides of wired and wireless networks, exploiting the network virtualization and cognitive radio technology. AMPHIBIA is motivated by the shared property of "reconfigurability" of network virtualization and cognitive radio, and provides network operators with the capability of cooperative resource allocation over wired and wireless networks. In other words, AMPHIBIA virtualizes a cognitive base station to dynamically configure a wireless access network for each virtual network. In this paper, we first show the basic architecture of AMPHIBIA from the perspectiv- - e of network virtualization. Then we show the hardware and software design of prototype system. Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 8911 Author: Liao, W. H. and Chueh, C. P. Year of Conference: 2011 Title: Analysis and Interpretation of e-Reader User Logs: A Case Study of High School Students' User Behaviors Conference Name: 2011 IEEE 11th International Conference on Advanced Learning Technologies Pages: 123-125 Date: 6-8 July 2011 Short Title: Analysis and Interpretation of e-Reader User Logs: A Case Study of High School Students' User Behaviors ISBN: 2161-3761 DOI: 10.1109/ICALT.2011.42 Keywords: behavioural sciences computer aided instruction electronic publishing further education user interfaces digital natives accept digital reader device e-reader user interface e-reader user log educational tool high school student software design user behavior collection Consumer electronics Educational institutions Hardware Maintenance engineering Materials e-book reader e-ink display user experience user log analysis Abstract: This study explores the daily life user experiences of an experimental e-book reading device among high-school students, aiming to understand how well the digital natives accept the use of e-book reading devices and the potential utilities of such devices for them, either for leisure purposes or as an assistive educational tool. Toward this goal, we have custom-designed the e-reader user interface as well as the e-book content to suit the needs of this particular user group. The unique opportunity of having access to the hardware device, software design and potential users creates an ideal experimental platform for us to unbiasedly investigate the role of this new technology through a long-term user behavior collection and analysis process. We anticipate that the new reading behaviors of the digital natives will provide clues for further improvements in the design and development of digital reader devices. Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 8341 Author: Ploeger, Bas and Somers, Lou Year: 2007 Title: Analysis and verification of an automatic document feeder Conference Name: Proceedings of the 2007 ACM symposium on Applied computing Conference Location: Seoul, Korea Publisher: ACM Pages: 1499-1505 DOI: 10.1145/1244002.1244324 Place Published: 1244324 Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8606 Author: Luo, Ping, Eikman, Edward A., Kealy, William and Qian, Wei Year: 2006 Title: Analysis of a Mammography Teaching Program Based on an Affordance Design Model Journal: Academic Radiology Volume: 13 Issue: 12 Pages: 1542-1552 Date: 12// Short Title: Analysis of a Mammography Teaching Program Based on an Affordance Design Model ISSN: 1076-6332 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.acra.2006.08.016 Keywords: Mammogram reading image affordance design e-learning perceptual problem solving Abstract: Rationale and Objectives The wide use of computer technology in education, particularly in mammogram reading, asks for e-learning evaluation. The existing media comparative studies, learner attitude evaluations, and performance tests are problematic. Based on an affordance design model, this study examined an existing e-learning program on mammogram reading. Materials and Methods The selection criteria include content relatedness, representativeness, e-learning orientation, image quality, program completeness, and accessibility. A case study was conducted to examine the affordance features, functions, and presentations of the selected software. Data collection and analysis methods include interviews, protocol-based document analysis, and usability tests and inspection. Also some statistics were calculated. Results The examination of PBE identified that this educational software designed and programmed some tools. The learner can use these tools in the process of optimizing displays, scanning images, comparing different projections, marking the region of interests, constructing a descriptive report, assessing one’s learning outcomes, and comparing one’s decisions with the experts’ decisions. Further, PBE provides some resources for the learner to construct one’s knowledge and skills, including a categorized image library, a term-searching function, and some teaching links. Besides, users found it easy to navigate and carry out tasks. The users also reacted positively toward PBE’s navigation system, instructional aids, layout, pace and flow of information, graphics, and other presentation design. Conclusion The software provides learners with some cognitive tools, supporting their perceptual problem-solving processes and extending their capabilities. Learners can internalize the mental models in mammogram reading through multiple perceptual triangulations, sensitization of related features, semantic description of mammogram findings, and expert-guided semantic report construction. The design of these cognitive tools and the software interface matches the findings and principles in human learning and instructional design. Working with PBE’s case-based simulations and categorized gallery, learners can enrich and transfer their experience to their jobs. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1076633206004971 Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9002 Author: Taylor, A. R. Year of Conference: 1990 Title: An analysis of ATE computational architecture Conference Name: Proceedings. International Test Conference 1990 Pages: 514-519 Date: 10-14 Sep 1990 Short Title: An analysis of ATE computational architecture DOI: 10.1109/TEST.1990.114062 Keywords: automatic test equipment computer architecture computer graphics object-oriented programming programming environments software tools user interfaces ATE computational architecture Pattern Tool Spec Tool Vary Tool Waveform Tool enVision visual environment end user graphics software engineer test language Automatic testing Object oriented programming Software design Software testing System software System testing Systems engineering and theory Abstract: The author discusses the following aspects of test system software: the use of the latest computer technology; the use of the latest software technology, such as graphics and object-oriented programming; the role of the ATE (automatic test equipment) vendor in providing test solutions; the role of the tester user in designing device tests, analyzing test results, and developing production-worthy test solutions. The impact that changes in the state-of-the-art of computer and software design are having on ATE tester architectures is summarized. The importance of the need to be flexible and independent of these changes is shown as it relates to the system software engineer and, even more important, to the device engineer, who is the end user of the test system. The author discusses a two-tiered approach whereby an engineer who is extremely knowledgeable about the tester develops applications that optimize the use of the tester resources. Last, the enVision visual environment is shown; it is an environment ideally suited to the type of work that a device engineer needs to do Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8589 Author: Sørby, Inger Dybdahl and Nytrø, Øystein Year: 2010 Title: Analysis of communicative behaviour: Profiling roles and activities Journal: International Journal of Medical Informatics Volume: 79 Issue: 6 Pages: e144-e151 Date: 6// Short Title: Analysis of communicative behaviour: Profiling roles and activities ISSN: 1386-5056 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijmedinf.2009.08.003 Keywords: Structured observation Communicative acts profiling Requirements elicitation Software design Point of care clinical information systems Abstract: Objectives In this paper we present a method for processing and presentation of data recorded through structured observation of clinicians’ information and communication activities. The activities are encoded as sequences of distinctive speech acts, and resulting profiles of communicative behaviour are visualized in radar graphs. Example profiles resulting from the analysis of three clinicians’ communicative behaviour during pre-rounds meetings and medication activities are given. Methods The communicative acts profiles are based on empirical data from an observational study performed at a Norwegian university hospital. A fifth-year medical student spent 20 days in two different hospital wards, following one physician at a time in daily, patient-centred work. The observer recorded the clinicians’ information and communication activities during several ward situations such as pre-rounds meetings, ward rounds, and patient discharge. The data was recorded by means of an observation form consisting of a mixture of codes and free-text fields. The recorded data was post-processed by associating each event with one predefined communicative act, and resulting profiles for three individual physicians in different situations have been created as radar graphs. Results/conclusion The approach is an efficient and useful means for studying clinicians’ information and communication patterns in hospital wards. The method can be used to illustrate variations among individual clinicians in similar situations and to compare profiles of different roles or hospital wards. Given proper validation, the approach may serve as an important tool to inform the design of new clinical information systems. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1386505609001270 Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9195 Author: Hoover, C. L. and Khosla, P. K. Year of Conference: 1998 Title: Analytical partition of software components for evolvable and reliable MEMS design tools Conference Name: Proceedings Third IEEE International High-Assurance Systems Engineering Symposium (Cat. No.98EX231) Pages: 188-199 Date: 13-14 Nov 1998 Short Title: Analytical partition of software components for evolvable and reliable MEMS design tools DOI: 10.1109/HASE.1998.731611 Keywords: accelerometers aircraft navigation circuit CAD mechanical engineering computing micromechanical devices software reliability software reusability CAD MEMS accelerometer MEMS design tools computer-aided design evolvability high assurance systems microelectromechanical systems partitioning reliable performance software components software design software requirements Application software Buildings Design automation Design methodology Design optimization Process design Abstract: Transforming software requirements into a software design involves the iterative partition of a solution into software components. The process is human-intensive and does not guarantee that design objectives such as reusability, evolvability, and reliable performance are satisfied. The costly process of designing, building, and modifying high assurance systems motivates the need for precise methods and tools to generate designs whose corresponding implementations are reusable, evolvable, and reliable. We demonstrate an analytical approach for partitioning basic elements of a software solution into reusable and evolvable software components. First, we briefly overview the role of partitioning in current design methods and explain why computer-aided design (CAD) tools to automate the design of microelectromechanical systems (MEIMS) are high assurance applications. Then we present our approach and apply it to the design of CAD software to layout an optimized design of a MEMS accelerometer to be used in the navigational units of aircraft. Lastly, we discuss the implications of our approach and future research directions Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 8054 Author: Cruz-Benito, Juan, Ther, Roberto, #243, Garc, Francisco J., #237, a-Pe, #241 and alvo Year: 2014 Title: Analytics of information flows and decision making in heterogeneous learning ecosystems Conference Name: Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Technological Ecosystems for Enhancing Multiculturality Conference Location: Salamanca, Spain Publisher: ACM Pages: 703-707 DOI: 10.1145/2669711.2669977 Place Published: 2669977 Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 7899 Author: Kim, Jung Soo and Garlan, David Year: 2006 Title: Analyzing architectural styles with alloy Conference Name: Proceedings of the ISSTA 2006 workshop on Role of software architecture for testing and analysis Conference Location: Portland, Maine Publisher: ACM Pages: 70-80 DOI: 10.1145/1147249.1147259 Place Published: 1147259 Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 8092 Author: Ma, Wenting, Liu, Lin, Feng, Wenzhong, Shan, Yuhui and Peng, Fei Year: 2009 Title: Analyzing project risks within a cultural and organizational setting Conference Name: Proceedings of the 2009 ICSE Workshop on Leadership and Management in Software Architecture Publisher: IEEE Computer Society Pages: 6-14 DOI: 10.1109/lmsa.2009.5074858 Place Published: 1564682 Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 8083 Author: Abi-Antoun, Marwan and Barnes, Jeffrey M. Year: 2010 Title: Analyzing security architectures Conference Name: Proceedings of the IEEE/ACM international conference on Automated software engineering Conference Location: Antwerp, Belgium Publisher: ACM Pages: 3-12 DOI: 10.1145/1858996.1859001 Place Published: 1859001 Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 8007 Author: Sch, Lars, #252, tze and Castrillon, Jeronimo Year: 2017 Title: Analyzing State-of-the-Art Role-based Programming Languages Conference Name: Companion to the first International Conference on the Art, Science and Engineering of Programming Conference Location: Brussels, Belgium Publisher: ACM Pages: 1-6 DOI: 10.1145/3079368.3079386 Place Published: 3079386 Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 8908 Author: Biel, B. and Gruhn, V. Year of Conference: 2010 Title: Analyzing the Architectural Support of Usability Conference Name: 2010 36th EUROMICRO Conference on Software Engineering and Advanced Applications Pages: 20-27 Date: 1-3 Sept. 2010 Short Title: Analyzing the Architectural Support of Usability ISBN: 1089-6503 DOI: 10.1109/SEAA.2010.56 Keywords: knowledge based systems software architecture knowledge base software architecture analysis software architecture design usability architectural support usability requirements engineering methods usability requirements realization Computer architecture Context Mobile communication Saturn Usability Mobility Abstract: Since usability requirements can have an impact on software architecture, they should be considered in the software architecture design. We present the method "Software ArchitecTure analysis of Usability Requirements realizatioN'' (SATURN) during which architects and analysts conduct well-established usability requirements engineering methods (usage context specification, walkthrough, brainstorming) before selecting relevant scenarios from a knowledge base of generic scenarios. Results of a business case study show that the method and its tools are comprehensible to usability non-experts, effective, and efficient. Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8087 Author: J. Andrés Díaz Pace, Marcelo R. Campo Year: 2001 Title: Analyzing the role of aspects in software design Journal: Commun. ACM Volume: 44 Issue: 10 Pages: 66-73 Short Title: Analyzing the role of aspects in software design ISSN: 0001-0782 DOI: 10.1145/383845.383859 Legal Note: 383859 Abstract: This article analyzes the role of aspect-oriented programming in software design. There is a growing agreement in the software community about the limitations of object orientation to cope with the problem of building highly reusable, adaptable and extensible software systems. Aspect-oriented programming (AOP) is one of the most promising alternatives to improve object-oriented programming techniques. AOP aims at providing better means of addressing the well-known problem of separation of concerns by using specialized mechanisms to encapsulate concerns whose behavior crosscuts essential application functionality. The article discusses three basic approaches to addressing the process of separation of concerns namely a linguistic view, a pure object-oriented view and an architecture-oriented view. The authors have carried out a simulation case study to empirically compare both object-oriented solutions against aspect-oriented ones, and aspect technologies against each other. According to the authors, the central problem of aspect technologies is not just about crosscutting or separation of concerns, but it involves deeper research about how to understand a number of software parts as separated artifacts and then integrate some of them into a coherent system. Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 8247 Author: Palmer, Doug, Adcock, Matt, Smith, Jocelyn, Hutchins, Matthew, Gunn, Chris, Stevenson, Duncan and Taylor, Ken Year: 2007 Title: Annotating with light for remote guidance Conference Name: Proceedings of the 19th Australasian conference on Computer-Human Interaction: Entertaining User Interfaces Conference Location: Adelaide, Australia Publisher: ACM Pages: 103-110 DOI: 10.1145/1324892.1324911 Place Published: 1324911 Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8476 Author: Médigue, Claudine and Moszer, Ivan Year: 2007 Title: Annotation, comparison and databases for hundreds of bacterial genomes Journal: Research in Microbiology Volume: 158 Issue: 10 Pages: 724-736 Date: 12// Short Title: Annotation, comparison and databases for hundreds of bacterial genomes ISSN: 0923-2508 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resmic.2007.09.009 Keywords: Genome annotation Databases and servers Computational tools Comparative genomics Data integration Abstract: The multitude of bacterial genome sequences being determined has opened up a new field of research, that of comparative genomics. One role of bioinformatics is to assist biologists in the extraction of biological knowledge from this data flood. Software designed for the analysis and functional annotation of a single genome have, in consequence, evolved towards comparative genomics tools, bringing together the information contained in numerous genomes simultaneously. This paper reviews advances in the development of bacterial annotation and comparative analysis tools, and progress in the design of novel database structures for the integration of heterogeneous biological information. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0923250807001829 Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 8018 Author: Arcelli, Davide, Cortellessa, Vittorio and Trubiani, Catia Year: 2012 Title: Antipattern-based model refactoring for software performance improvement Conference Name: Proceedings of the 8th international ACM SIGSOFT conference on Quality of Software Architectures Conference Location: Bertinoro, Italy Publisher: ACM Pages: 33-42 DOI: 10.1145/2304696.2304704 Place Published: 2304704 Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 9243 Author: Laplante, P., Hoffman, R. R. and Klein, G. Year: 2007 Title: Antipatterns in the Creation of Intelligent Systems Journal: IEEE Intelligent Systems Volume: 22 Issue: 1 Pages: 91-95 Short Title: Antipatterns in the Creation of Intelligent Systems ISSN: 1541-1672 DOI: 10.1109/MIS.2007.3 Keywords: artificial intelligence object-oriented methods object-oriented programming software architecture software reusability design pattern design rationale design trade-offs expert knowledge intelligent system antipatterns large-scale reuse named problem-solution pair pattern languages problem-solution pairs refactored solution software architectures software design Cognition Functional programming Humans Intelligent systems Machine intelligence Object oriented programming Procurement Research and development Software systems Systems engineering and theory antipattern human-centered computing pattern Abstract: A design pattern is a named problem-solution pair that enables large-scale reuse of software architectures or their components. Ideally, patterns explicitly capture expert knowledge, design trade-offs, and design rationale and make these lessons learned widely available for off-the-shelf use. They can also enhance developers' vocabulary - for example, by easing the transition to object-oriented programming. Conventionally, patterns consist of four elements: a name, the problem to be solved, the solution to the problem (often termed the refactored solution), and the consequences of the solution. Numerous sets of patterns (collectively known as pattern languages) exist for software design, analysis, management, and so on. Shortly after the notion of design patterns emerged, practitioners began discussing problem-solution pairs in which the solution did more harm than good. These have come to be known as antipatterns, and they are well known in the design and management communities Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8577 Author: Backman, Juha, Oksanen, Timo and Visala, Arto Year: 2013 Title: Applicability of the ISO 11783 network in a distributed combined guidance system for agricultural machines Journal: Biosystems Engineering Volume: 114 Issue: 3 Pages: 306-317 Date: 3// Short Title: Applicability of the ISO 11783 network in a distributed combined guidance system for agricultural machines ISSN: 1537-5110 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2012.12.017 Abstract: Tractors have developed considerably over recent years. More and more electronics have been added, and nowadays the devices are all able to communicate with one another through a common standardised interface: the ISO 11783 network. The standard defines the roles of devices on the network and provides standard interfaces for the devices to obtain access to the services on other devices. The ISO 11783 standard also provides functions for operating the tractor via remote control. This article discusses the case of a tractor connected to a trailer-type implement, both of which were automated for navigation purposes. The article discusses the requirements for communication architecture to command both the tractor and the implement for guidance. The underlying idea is to handle the guidance system over an ISO 11783 network, which, on the one hand, provides a communication channel, but, on the other hand, also sets limits for information flows. The use of ISO 11783 network in the combined navigation system of a tractor and implement has not previously been reported. The functionality of the proposed navigation system has been tested and proven to work during different test drives. It was found that it is not possible to distribute the controller due to the requirements of the multivariate control problem and the limits of the ISO 11783 network. However, it is possible to transfer all the measurements and controls through the ISO 11783 network. As a result, the article proposes additional messages for the ISO 11783 standard. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1537511013000068 Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8558 Author: Peixi, Wang and Jing, Zhang Year: 2011 Title: Application and Design of Fuzzy Intelligent Evaluation Software for Sand Production and Steam Channeling Prediction of Steam Injection Well Journal: Procedia Engineering Volume: 24 Pages: 546-550 Date: // Short Title: Application and Design of Fuzzy Intelligent Evaluation Software for Sand Production and Steam Channeling Prediction of Steam Injection Well ISSN: 1877-7058 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2011.11.2693 Keywords: heavy oil steam injection well sand production steam channeling evaluation and prediction software design Abstract: Fuzzy intelligent evaluation software is designed to predict situation of sand production and steam channeling for steam injection well, which can improve the development effect of heavy oil reservoir. Based on expert knowledge, the software transfers the qualitative knowledge into quantitative index by the use of fuzzy evaluation and grey relational analysis. Combined with actual data of oil field as sample set, the software establishes an intelligent optimization analysis model through neural network and numerical analysis methods. Through multi-model regression analysis, optimum model and its parameters can be chosen to predict the production effect. This software adopts three-tier model, with which the structure has the following advantages: reasonable design, reliable performance, convenient operation, high portability and good expansibility. According to the calculated results of actual data of oil field, the software can predict sand production and steam channeling more effectively, and guide further formulation and improvement of development program. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1877705811055457 Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8512 Author: Lopez, Marta Year: 2003 Title: Application of an evaluation framework for analyzing the architecture tradeoff analysis methodSM Journal: Journal of Systems and Software Volume: 68 Issue: 3 Pages: 233-241 Date: 12/15/ Short Title: Application of an evaluation framework for analyzing the architecture tradeoff analysis methodSM ISSN: 0164-1212 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0164-1212(03)00065-7 Keywords: Software architecture Software architecture evaluation Software architecture styles Abstract: Evaluation is a critical analytical process in all disciplines and fields and therefore also in software engineering. For developing and analyzing an evaluation method a framework of six basic components (target, evaluation criteria, yardstick, data-gathering techniques, synthesis techniques, and evaluation process) can be applied. This framework was developed based on the analysis of theoretical and methodological evaluation concepts applied in software and non-software disciplines. In particular, in this paper we present the application of the framework for analyzing the architecture tradeoff analysis methodSM (ATAMSM), developed by the Software Engineering Institute (SEI). The results of the matching of the framework with the ATAM definition facilitate the identification of each evaluation component and stress some key aspects, such as the relevant role of stakeholders and the significance of attribute-based architectural styles in an ATAM evaluation. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0164121203000657 Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 8081 Author: Pavlova, Irena, Mikael, #197, kerholm and Fredriksson, Johan Year: 2006 Title: Application of built-in-testing in component-based embedded systems Conference Name: Proceedings of the ISSTA 2006 workshop on Role of software architecture for testing and analysis Conference Location: Portland, Maine Publisher: ACM Pages: 51-52 DOI: 10.1145/1147249.1147256 Place Published: 1147256 Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9226 Author: Alhussaini, L. J. Year of Conference: 2012 Title: Application of component engineering to the design of holistic spell checking algorithm Conference Name: 2012 7th International Conference on System of Systems Engineering (SoSE) Pages: 428-433 Date: 16-19 July 2012 Short Title: Application of component engineering to the design of holistic spell checking algorithm DOI: 10.1109/SYSoSE.2012.6384107 Keywords: Markov processes decision making natural language processing Koala component model Markov model communication activity component engineering application correct spelling decision making system holistic spell checking algorithm design human languages plagiarism detection Algorithm design and analysis Computational modeling Mathematical model Modems Object oriented modeling Vegetation algorithm component engineering holistic software design spell checking Abstract: In the field of human languages, a correct spelling of words is pivot in communication activity. Spell checking of many words at once is the invention of this work. It is a requirement in activities like: book spell checking before publication, plagiarism detection in a thesis against its references. We design a holistic spell checking algorithm system using Koala component model. This system contains three basic sub-systems: input system which is a decision making system to manage user words, and correctly spelled words as rule-out data for user data; behavior system which is a dynamic system of application of Markov model on trees; and output system which is a dynamic system to manage output of ranked suggestion list for user misspelled data. The design model presents an explicit architecture meeting Koala component model requirements. The holistic spell checking system presented a novel problem with a novel application design. Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 8257 Author: Dama, Robertas, #353, evi, #269, ius, Majauskas, Giedrius, Vytautas, #352 and tuikys Year: 2003 Title: Application of design patterns for hardware design Conference Name: Proceedings of the 40th annual Design Automation Conference Conference Location: Anaheim, CA, USA Publisher: ACM Pages: 48-53 DOI: 10.1145/775832.775847 Place Published: 775847 Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 8999 Author: Damasevicius, R., Majauskas, G. and Stuikys, V. Year of Conference: 2003 Title: Application of design patterns for hardware design Conference Name: Proceedings 2003. Design Automation Conference (IEEE Cat. No.03CH37451) Pages: 48-53 Date: 2-6 June 2003 Short Title: Application of design patterns for hardware design DOI: 10.1109/DAC.2003.1218797 Keywords: circuit CAD hardware-software codesign industrial property integrated circuit design object-oriented methods system-on-chip wrapping design patterns hardware design metaprogramming ssytem-level design processes systems-on-chip design wrapper design pattern Application software Hardware Intellectual property Pattern analysis Permission Productivity Software design Software engineering System-on-a-chip Unified modeling language Abstract: Design pattersn, which encapsulate common solutions to the recurring design problems, have contributed to the increased reuse, quality and productivity in software design. We argue that hardware design pattern could be used for customizing and integrating the Intellectual Property (IP) components into System-on-Chip designs. We formulate the role of design patterns in HW design, and describe their implementation using metaprogramming. We propose a Wrapper design pattern for adapting the behavior of the soft IPs, and demonstrate its application to the communication interface synthesis. Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9493 Author: Belyakov, S., Bozheniuk, V. and Khashkovsky, V. Year of Conference: 2016 Title: Application of fuzzy deductive inference scheme to pointer control Conference Name: 2016 IEEE 17th International Symposium on Computational Intelligence and Informatics (CINTI) Pages: 000257-000260 Date: 17-19 Nov. 2016 Short Title: Application of fuzzy deductive inference scheme to pointer control DOI: 10.1109/CINTI.2016.7846414 Keywords: decision making electromyography fuzzy reasoning medical signal processing EMG decision making software electromyogram fuzzy deductive inference scheme pointer control Computational intelligence Decision support systems Hardware Informatics Software design Abstract: The decision-making software of the project "Hardware and software design for a pointer control with EMG" is considered in this paper. The theory of fuzzy deductive inference scheme, which was suggested in our previous works, was applied to control a pointer of a computer. The electromyogram (EMG) of a hand is acquired with electromiograph and serves as input data for a decision-making software. The coordinates of the pointer are the output of the software. Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9180 Author: Vadari, S. and Jason Ta-Kang, Ma Year of Conference: 1995 Title: Application of object-oriented techniques to software development in an EMS environment Conference Name: Proceedings of Power Industry Computer Applications Conference Pages: 481-487 Date: 7-12 May 1995 Short Title: Application of object-oriented techniques to software development in an EMS environment DOI: 10.1109/PICA.1995.515281 Keywords: expert systems load management object-oriented programming power system control software engineering user interfaces EMS environment PC applications case study integration processes intuitive user interface multiple environments object-oriented techniques power system operations procedural systems software design software development software maintenance source database design structural programming workstations Application software Control systems Object oriented programming Power system analysis computing Power systems Abstract: Power system operations and control are becoming more and more complex. The developers are being forced to analyze multiple environments (PC/workstations, expert systems or procedural systems, structural programming or object-oriented (OO) programming, and others) in order to deliver the capabilities that are expected from them. In this paper, the authors share some of the insights that they have learned over the period of developing applications in a multi-hardware platform/multi-operating system environment: application of OO technology to simplify the software design, maintenance, and integration processes; provide a unified abstract interface to be integrated with other software components; use the same OO paradigm to design various parts of the system; provide an intuitive user interface; and reduce software development and maintenance costs. The authors have also provided a source database design case study to illustrate the use of OO technology in EMS application development. Some ideas explored in this paper have been fully utilized Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8722 Author: Whitehouse, Gary E., Hanson, Greg and Orooji, Ali Year: 1990 Title: Application of SLAM in the design and performance analysis of a multi-processor database system Journal: Computers & Industrial Engineering Volume: 18 Issue: 1 Pages: 49-67 Date: // Short Title: Application of SLAM in the design and performance analysis of a multi-processor database system ISSN: 0360-8352 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0360-8352(90)90041-J Abstract: The software-oriented, multi-processor database systems are characterized by a set of processing elements (PEs) which run identical software and operate on a partitioned database in parallel. Performance improvements and capacity growth can be achieved in this type of system by adding PEs to the configuration and replicating the existing software on the added PEs. Much work has been done applying graph theory, queuing theory, algorithmic approaches, and analytical techniques towards the design of multi-processor database systems. This paper describes a simulation approach and the application of a simulation language, SLAM, to the design and performance analysis of one such multi-processor database system. The system, relational replicated database system (RRDS), was developed using a five-phase design process. Simulation and analytical techniques were used throughout the development to determine critical elements, components, and design issues, and to evaluate proposed solutions. RRDS was modeled as an open queuing system with SLAM service times determined analytically. The model consisted of a workload scenario generator, a query processing module, and a statistics collection module. In phase one of the simulation study, different hardware organizations were evaluated. Results indicated that the RRDS approach performs approximately three times better than other approaches such as SIMD, MIMD, and functional specialization. In phase two, algorithms and mechanisms for data access were developed. Results favored the B+-tree approach over the clustering approach. A data placement strategy was determined in phase three. Results indicated that the value range partitioning (VRP) approach is more desirable than the round-robin (RR) approach. In phase four, a directory management strategy was selected. Results favored a partitioned and parallel-processed directory, as opposed to a rotating approach. Finally, phase five consisted reveal system strengths and weaknesses, and gain insight into optimal RRDS operating environments. This approach to database system design is both iterative and evolutionary, and can be applied regardless of the type of system being considered. Simulation can be a useful tool in all phases of database system design, from the actual physical hardware architecture to the resolution of software design questions. It plays an important role in predictive performance analysis to determine the extent to which original design goals are achieved. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/036083529090041J Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8596 Author: Zhou, Jian-zhong, Liu, Xiao-li, Huang, Kai-hong, Dong, Ming-sheng and Jiang, Han-hu Year: 2007 Title: Application of the Mixture Design to Design the Formulation of Pure Cultures in Tibetan kefir Journal: Agricultural Sciences in China Volume: 6 Issue: 11 Pages: 1383-1389 Date: 11// Short Title: Application of the Mixture Design to Design the Formulation of Pure Cultures in Tibetan kefir ISSN: 1671-2927 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S1671-2927(07)60187-4 Keywords: mixture design Tibetan kefir pure cultures optimization Abstract: To obtain the optimization formulation of pure cultures in Tibetan kefir, the influence of the different mixtures of five strains in the pure cultures in Tibetan kefir on the flavor components in fermented milk was studied using the mixture design. The regression model on microorganism composition and main metabolites was established. The results suggested that the predictable production of lactate reached the maximum of 8.16 g L−1, while the most predictable production of diacetyl, ethanol, and CO2 were 77.23 mg L−1, 4259 mg L−1, and 2.12 g L−1, respectively. Based on these, the response values that satisfied all expectations were optimized, and the most excellent combination was Lactococcus lactis 27%, Leuconostoc mesenteroides 37%, Lactobacillus kefiri 11%, Lactobacillus casei 10%, and Kluyveromyces marxianus 15%. With the aid of analysis software (Design-expert 6.0.5), the formulation of pure cultures in Tibetan kefir can be optimized for several responses and the best formulation can be obtained. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1671292707601874 Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8548 Author: van der Spek, Pieter and Klusener, Steven Year: 2011 Title: Applying a dynamic threshold to improve cluster detection of LSI Journal: Science of Computer Programming Volume: 76 Issue: 12 Pages: 1261-1274 Date: 12/1/ Short Title: Applying a dynamic threshold to improve cluster detection of LSI ISSN: 0167-6423 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scico.2010.12.004 Keywords: Feature extraction Clustering Reverse engineering Software architecture Latent Semantic Indexing Abstract: Latent Semantic Indexing (LSI) is a standard approach for extracting and representing the meaning of words in a large set of documents. Recently it has been shown that it is also useful for identifying concerns in source code. The tree cutting strategy plays an important role in obtaining the clusters, which identify the concerns. In this contribution the authors compare two tree cutting strategies: the Dynamic Hybrid cut and the commonly used fixed height threshold. Two case studies have been performed on the source code of Philips Healthcare to compare the results using both approaches. While some of the settings are particular to the Philips-case, the results show that applying a dynamic threshold, implemented by the Dynamic Hybrid cut, is an improvement over the fixed height threshold in the detection of clusters representing relevant concerns. This makes the approach as a whole more usable in practice. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167642310002297 Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 8237 Author: Sharma, Tushar, Samarthyam, Ganesh and Suryanarayana, Girish Year: 2015 Title: Applying Design Principles in Practice Conference Name: Proceedings of the 8th India Software Engineering Conference Conference Location: Bangalore, India Publisher: ACM Pages: 200-201 DOI: 10.1145/2723742.2723764 Place Published: 2723764 Abstract: It is widely recognized that the systematic application of relevant design principles plays a key role in taming the complexity involved in real-world software development. In our experience as consultant architects and trainers on software architecture and design in a corporate setting, we find that software engineers have a theoretical understanding of design principles but sorely lack knowledge about how to properly apply them to in real-world situations to achieve high-quality design. This half-day tutorial is geared towards bridging this gap. It first introduces fundamental design principles (viz. abstraction, encapsulation, modularization, and hierarchy) and describes how these can be applied using a set of corresponding enabling techniques. Next, it discusses how design smells can be viewed as violations of these enabling techniques, and explains how these design smells can be refactored via the application of relevant design principles. Finally, it highlights useful tools, processes, and practical techniques that support the application of design principles in real-world software projects. Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9219 Author: Tie, Feng and Maletic, J. I. Year of Conference: 2006 Title: Applying Dynamic Change Impact Analysis in Component-based Architecture Design Conference Name: Seventh ACIS International Conference on Software Engineering, Artificial Intelligence, Networking, and Parallel/Distributed Computing (SNPD'06) Pages: 43-48 Date: 19-20 June 2006 Short Title: Applying Dynamic Change Impact Analysis in Component-based Architecture Design DOI: 10.1109/SNPD-SAWN.2006.21 Keywords: Unified Modeling Language object-oriented programming program slicing software architecture software maintenance SOCIAT UML sequence diagram architecture design component interaction trace component-based software architecture composition-based software architecture dynamic change impact analysis software evolution static structure model Computer architecture Computer science Educational institutions Performance analysis Programming Software algorithms Software engineering Taxonomy Change impact analysis component composition Abstract: Change impact analysis plays an important role in maintenance and evolution of component-based software architecture. Viewing component replacement as a change to composition-based software architecture, this paper proposes a component interaction trace based approach to support dynamic change impact analysis at software architecture level. Given an architectural change, our approach determines the architecture elements causing the change and impacted by the change. Firstly, component-based software architecture and component interaction trace are defined. An algorithm for generating component interaction trace from static structure model of software architecture and UML sequence diagram is provided. Secondly, the taxonomy of changes on composition-based software architecture is presented, according to which a set of impact rules are suggested to determine the transfer of the changes in component and among components. Thirdly, by performing slicing on component interaction traces according to impact rules, the impact analysis results are obtained. Finally, the architecture design of SOCIAT, a tool supporting our approach, is developed and explained Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9631 Author: Pereira, D., Zárate, L. and Song, M. Year of Conference: 2013 Title: Applying Formal Concept Analysis to assist class hierarchy construction in biomedical systems Conference Name: 2013 6th International Conference on Biomedical Engineering and Informatics Pages: 705-711 Date: 16-18 Dec. 2013 Short Title: Applying Formal Concept Analysis to assist class hierarchy construction in biomedical systems ISBN: 1948-2914 DOI: 10.1109/BMEI.2013.6747030 Keywords: bioinformatics formal concept analysis medical computing object-oriented programming software engineering biomedical systems class hierarchy class hierarchy construction class hierarchy generation maximum class factoring medical informatics object-oriented software development systems biology troubleshoot hierarchy Context Context modeling Lattices Object oriented modeling Software Unified modeling language Class Hierarchy Engineering FCA Object-Oriented Abstract: The class hierarchy is one of the most important activities of the object-oriented software development. The class design and its hierarchy is a difficult task especially when what is sought is an extensive and complex modeling. An inaccurate or incomplete class hierarchy entails manufacturing defects of the software, making it difficult to maintain or make corrections. The software design in areas like bioinformatics, systems biology and medical informatics usually requires of the designer expertise in biology and medicine, which makes it even more difficult to model class structures. This paper provides guidance for class hierarchy generation which can also be applied to database schema. The use of Formal Concept Analysis provides a theory which enables troubleshoot hierarchy of classes to accomplish the maximum factoring of classes while preserving the relationships of specialization. Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 8803 Author: Holzinger, A., Struggl, K. H. and Debevc, M. Year of Conference: 2010 Title: Applying Model-View-Controller (MVC) in design and development of information systems: An example of smart assistive script breakdown in an e-Business application Conference Name: 2010 International Conference on e-Business (ICE-B) Pages: 1-6 Date: 26-28 July 2010 Short Title: Applying Model-View-Controller (MVC) in design and development of information systems: An example of smart assistive script breakdown in an e-Business application Keywords: Internet business data processing cinematography information systems software development management e-business film management software film production model view controller movie script software design software development textmarkers user satisfaction Data models Electric breakdown Films Production Prototypes Software Tagging Model-view-controller (MVC) Script Breakdown Software Design Patterns Abstract: Information systems are supporting professionals in all areas of e-Business. In this paper we concentrate on our experiences in the design and development of information systems for the use in film production processes. Professionals working in this area are neither computer experts, nor interested in spending much time for information systems. Consequently, to provide a useful, useable and enjoyable application the system must be extremely suited to the requirements and demands of those professionals. One of the most important tasks at the beginning of a film production is to break down the movie script into its elements and aspects, and create a solid estimate of production costs based on the resulting breakdown data. Several film production software applications provide interfaces to support this task. However, most attempts suffer from numerous usability deficiencies. As a result, many film producers still use script printouts and textmarkers to highlight script elements, and transfer the data manually into their film management software. This paper presents a novel approach for unobtrusive and efficient script breakdown using a new way of breaking down text into its relevant elements. We demonstrate how the implementation of this interface benefits from employing the Model-View-Controller (MVC) as underlying software design paradigm in terms of both software development confidence and user satisfaction. Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 8025 Author: Alebrahim, Azadeh and Heisel, Maritta Year: 2015 Title: Applying performance patterns for requirements analysis Conference Name: Proceedings of the 20th European Conference on Pattern Languages of Programs Conference Location: Kaufbeuren, Germany Publisher: ACM Pages: 1-15 DOI: 10.1145/2855321.2855357 Place Published: 2855357 Reference Type: Book Section Record Number: 8677 Author: Ichiko, Takao Year: 1990 Title: An Approach for High Quality Software A2 - Berg, John L Editor: Schumny, Harald Book Title: An Analysis of the Information Technology Standardization Process Place Published: Amsterdam Publisher: Elsevier Pages: 177-188 Short Title: An Approach for High Quality Software A2 - Berg, John L ISBN: 978-0-444-87390-3 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-444-87390-3.50029-3 Abstract: Key words: Software Quality, Productivity, Mainframe Computer Software, Subsystem Analyses, Integrated Design Method, Component, Load Balance, Data Flow, Design Change, Repeatability, Communication Link, Parallel Processing, Application Specific Expert, Optimization, Process Model of Computing, Intelligent Design Aid. Abstract This paper is concerned with new software design approach for achieving high quality technology. It describes a more effective integrated software design method enabling a designer to more flexibly design and more easily apply his application design concepts with high concurrency in components and parallelism in component networks. This compares favourably with design based on conventional mainframe computer under machine constraints. Besides reporting experiments, future design issues and possibilities are also discussed. This design method was investigated by the efficient introduction of a VLSI component (:32 bit microprocessor), on the basis of a fundamental paradigm composed of a high performance module component and high quality software with tool engineering bridging between the two. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780444873903500293 Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8428 Author: Ramírez, Aurora, Romero, José Raúl and Ventura, Sebastián Year: 2015 Title: An approach for the evolutionary discovery of software architectures Journal: Information Sciences Volume: 305 Pages: 234-255 Date: 6/1/ Short Title: An approach for the evolutionary discovery of software architectures ISSN: 0020-0255 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ins.2015.01.017 Keywords: Search based software engineering Software architecture discovery Evolutionary algorithms Ranking aggregation fitness Abstract: Software architectures constitute important analysis artefacts in software projects, as they reflect the main functional blocks of the software. They provide high-level analysis artefacts that are useful when architects need to analyse the structure of working systems. Normally, they do this process manually, supported by their prior experiences. Even so, the task can be very tedious when the actual design is unclear due to continuous uncontrolled modifications. Since the recent appearance of search based software engineering, multiple tasks in the area of software engineering have been formulated as complex search and optimisation problems, where evolutionary computation has found a new area of application. This paper explores the design of an evolutionary algorithm (EA) for the discovery of the underlying architecture of software systems. Important efforts have been directed towards the creation of a generic and human-oriented process. Hence, the selection of a comprehensible encoding, a fitness function inspired by accurate software design metrics, and a genetic operator simulating architectural transformations all represent important characteristics of the proposed approach. Finally, a complete parameter study and experimentation have been performed using real software systems, looking for a generic evolutionary approach to help software engineers towards their decision making process. Notes: Development of an algorithm for decision support - no human behavior (just partly) URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0020025515000559 Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9412 Author: Norouzi, A., Acosta, C. A. and Changjiu, Zhou Year of Conference: 2012 Title: An approach to design a robust and intelligent multi-agent system Conference Name: World Automation Congress 2012 Pages: 1-6 Date: 24-28 June 2012 Short Title: An approach to design a robust and intelligent multi-agent system ISBN: 2154-4824 Abstract: A successful multi-agent system requires the intelligent agents to perform within a dynamically complex environment where proper and quick response in a cooperative manner is a primary key to successfully complete a task. This paper proposes a nondeterministic decision making method using electric fields and high-level decision making. Different layers are designed, defined, and implemented for the software architecture with focus on system adaptability, sustainability, and optimization. The proposed decision making approach in this paper is based on layered artificial intelligence implemented using vector-based fuzzy electric fields and a decision tree. Furthermore, an approach to model the world which is, in this paper, called Agent Relative Polar Localization is introduced. This world model is based on fuzzy measurements and polar coordinates. In order to optimize the overall performance of the system learning methods have been introduced to the system. The proposed system in this paper has been implemented on soccer robots to evaluate the performance of the system. The results show that the proposed system implemented on the soccer robots is reliable and robust. Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9483 Author: Norouzi, A. and Acosta, C. A. Year of Conference: 2013 Title: An approach to design a robust software architecture and an intelligent model for multi-agent systems Conference Name: 2013 3rd Joint Conference of AI & Robotics and 5th RoboCup Iran Open International Symposium Pages: 1-7 Date: 8-8 April 2013 Short Title: An approach to design a robust software architecture and an intelligent model for multi-agent systems DOI: 10.1109/RIOS.2013.6595315 Keywords: control engineering computing decision making decision trees fuzzy set theory learning (artificial intelligence) mobile robots multi-robot systems software architecture sport AI algorithms agent relative polar localization decision tree fuzzy measurements high-level decision making intelligent agents intelligent model layered artificial intelligence multiagent systems nondeterministic decision making method polar coordinates robust software architecture design soccer robots system learning methods vector-based fuzzy electric fields Computer architecture Hardware Logic gates Mathematical model Software Vectors Abstract: A successful multi-agent system requires the intelligent agents to perform within a dynamically complex environment where proper and quick response in a cooperative manner is a primary key to successfully complete a task. This paper proposes a non-deterministic decision making method using electric fields and high-level decision making. Different layers are designed, defined, and implemented for the software architecture with focus on system adaptability, sustainability, and optimization. Consequently, a software architecture is proposed in this paper to complement the AI algorithms. The proposed architecture aims to provide a well-structured and managed system for control, behavior, and decision making of multi-agent systems. The proposed decision making approach in this paper is based on layered artificial intelligence implemented using vector-based fuzzy electric fields and a decision tree. Furthermore, an approach to model the world which, in this paper, is called Agent Relative Polar Localization is introduced. This world model is based on fuzzy measurements and polar coordinates. In order to optimize the overall performance of the system learning methods have been introduced to the system. The proposed system in this paper has been implemented on soccer robots to evaluate the performance of the system. The results show that the proposed system implemented on the soccer robots is reliable and robust. Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 9160 Author: Gašević, D., Zouaq, A., Torniai, C., Jovanović, J. and Hatala, M. Year: 2011 Title: An Approach to Folksonomy-Based Ontology Maintenance for Learning Environments Journal: IEEE Transactions on Learning Technologies Volume: 4 Issue: 4 Pages: 301-314 Short Title: An Approach to Folksonomy-Based Ontology Maintenance for Learning Environments ISSN: 1939-1382 DOI: 10.1109/TLT.2011.21 Keywords: computer aided instruction ontologies (artificial intelligence) semantic Web software architecture advanced learning environment collaborative tags folksonomy-based ontology maintenance learning environments ontology development ontology-enhanced learning environment ontology-enhanced metrics user interaction interface visualization Collaboration Learning systems Maintenance engineering Ontologies Semantics Tag clouds Computer uses in education applications and expert knowledge-intensive systems. collaborative learning ontology design Abstract: Recent research in learning technologies has demonstrated many promising contributions from the use of ontologies and semantic web technologies for the development of advanced learning environments. In spite of those benefits, ontology development and maintenance remain the key research challenges to be solved before ontology-enhanced learning environments are widely used. In this paper, we present an approach to ontology maintenance based on the use of collaborative tags contributed by learners while using learning environments. Our contribution is twofold: 1) a visualization and user interaction interface supporting the tasks of enriching ontologies with selected collaborative tags; and 2) ontology-enhanced metrics that are used for measuring semantic relatedness between collaborative tags and ontology concepts and for recommending tags which are relevant to a given ontological concept. We developed a software architecture as a proof of concept and a tool for the evaluation of our proposal. This tool is used to conduct the evaluation of the usability and effectiveness of the proposed method. Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9200 Author: Bertolino, A., Inverardi, P., Muccini, H. and Rosetti, A. Year of Conference: 1997 Title: An approach to integration testing based on architectural descriptions Conference Name: Proceedings. Third IEEE International Conference on Engineering of Complex Computer Systems (Cat. No.97TB100168) Pages: 77-84 Date: 8-12 Sep 1997 Short Title: An approach to integration testing based on architectural descriptions DOI: 10.1109/ICECCS.1997.622299 Keywords: data flow graphs program testing software engineering CHAM formalism architectural descriptions coverage strategy formal architectural descriptions integration testing software architectures unit testing Computer architecture Performance evaluation Phase detection Programming Software architecture Software maintenance Software systems Software testing Synthetic aperture sonar System testing Abstract: Software architectures can play a role in improving the testing process of complex systems. In particular descriptions of the software architecture can be useful to drive integration testing, since they supply information about how the software is structured in parts and how those parts (are expected to) interact. We propose to use formal architectural descriptions to model the “interesting” behaviour of the system. This model is at a right level of abstraction to be used as a formal base on which integration test strategies can be devised. Starting from a formal description of the software architecture (given in the CHAM formalism), we first derive a graph of all the possible behaviours of the system in terms of the interactions between its components. This graph contains altogether the information we need for the planning of integration testing. On this comprehensive model, we then identify a suitable set of reduced graphs, each highlighting specific architectural properties of the system. These reduced graphs can be used for the generation of integration tests according to a coverage strategy, analogously to what happens with the control and data flow graphs in unit testing Notes: Testing procedure - not about behavior Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9148 Author: Durisic, D., Staron, M. and Tichy, M. Year of Conference: 2015 Title: ARCA -- Automated Analysis of AUTOSAR Meta-model Changes Conference Name: 2015 IEEE/ACM 7th International Workshop on Modeling in Software Engineering Pages: 30-35 Date: 16-17 May 2015 Short Title: ARCA -- Automated Analysis of AUTOSAR Meta-model Changes ISBN: 2156-7883 DOI: 10.1109/MiSE.2015.13 Keywords: automotive electronics electronic engineering computing open systems software architecture ARCA tool AUTOSAR meta-model changes AUTOSAR standard European market automotive open system architecture automotive software systems software innovation cycle Analytical models Automotive engineering Complexity theory Couplings Measurement Software Unified modeling language Abstract: The software architecture of automotive software systems on the European market and wider is designed following the AUTOSAR standard. This requires continuous adoption of new AUTOSAR releases in the development projects in order to enable new innovative solutions in cars. Under these circumstances, the analysis of impact of the AUTOSAR meta-model changes on the modeling tools used in the development is crucial for avoiding delays and increased cost. However due to tens of new features combined with thousands of meta-model changes between consecutive releases of AUTOSAR, tool support is needed for such analysis. In this paper we present a systematic method and a tool - ARCA - for automated analysis of the AUTOSAR meta-model changes. The tool is able to identify relevant changes affecting modeling tools used by different roles in the development process and present the optimal set of new features to be adopted in the projects. The goal of the tool is to enable faster and cheaper software innovation cycles in cars. Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 8284 Author: Durisic, Darko, Staron, Miroslaw and Tichy, Matthias Year: 2015 Title: ARCA: automated analysis of AUTOSAR meta-model changes Conference Name: Proceedings of the Seventh International Workshop on Modeling in Software Engineering Conference Location: Florence, Italy Publisher: IEEE Press Pages: 30-35 Place Published: 2820497 Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 8221 Author: Ubayashi, Naoyasu, Di, Ai and Kamei, Yasutaka Year: 2013 Title: Archface4COP: architectural interface for context-oriented programming Conference Name: Proceedings of the 5th International Workshop on Context-Oriented Programming Conference Location: Montpellier, France Publisher: ACM Pages: 1-6 DOI: 10.1145/2489793.2489794 Place Published: 2489794 Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 8901 Author: Gao, Y. and Hou, D. Year of Conference: 2015 Title: ArchFLoc: Locating and explaining architectural features in running web applications Conference Name: 2015 IEEE International Conference on Software Maintenance and Evolution (ICSME) Pages: 333-335 Date: Sept. 29 2015-Oct. 1 2015 Short Title: ArchFLoc: Locating and explaining architectural features in running web applications DOI: 10.1109/ICSM.2015.7332482 Keywords: Internet software architecture software maintenance user interfaces ArchFLoc Web applications architectural level features code artifacts code dependency feature location process feature query feature request software artifact software maintenance process user interface elements Browsers Documentation Java Servers Software Uniform resource locators DWR JSP Servlet Software evolution Spring feature location web application Abstract: Feature location is a critical step in the software maintenance process where a developer identifies the software artifacts that need to be changed in order to fulfill a new feature request. Much progress has been made in understanding the feature location process and in creating new tools to help a developer in performing this task. However, there is still lack of support for locating architectural features, ones that require a developer to touch on more than one architectural component. We demonstrate a tool called ArchFLoc that can be used to discover and highlight architectural level features that are otherwise hidden in a software system. ArchFLoc is integrated into user interfaces, so the developer can express a feature query by directly interacting with user interface elements at runtime. Based on the user query, ArchFLoc discovers relevant code artifacts and dependencies, and assembles documentation to explain their roles in the overall architectural design. Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 8241 Author: Mirakhorli, Mehdi, Fakhry, Ahmed, Grechko, Artem, Wieloch, Matteusz and Cleland-Huang, Jane Year: 2014 Title: Archie: a tool for detecting, monitoring, and preserving architecturally significant code Conference Name: Proceedings of the 22nd ACM SIGSOFT International Symposium on Foundations of Software Engineering Conference Location: Hong Kong, China Publisher: ACM Pages: 739-742 DOI: 10.1145/2635868.2661671 Place Published: 2661671 Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 8939 Author: Ameller, D., Collell, O. and Franch, X. Year of Conference: 2012 Title: ArchiTech: Tool support for NFR-guided architectural decision-making Conference Name: 2012 20th IEEE International Requirements Engineering Conference (RE) Pages: 315-316 Date: 24-28 Sept. 2012 Short Title: ArchiTech: Tool support for NFR-guided architectural decision-making ISBN: 1090-705X DOI: 10.1109/RE.2012.6345821 Keywords: Computer architecture Decision making Information systems Simulated annealing Software Software architecture Non-functional requirement architectural decision computer-aided support system Abstract: Researchers from requirements engineering and software architecture had emphasized the importance of NonFunctional Requirements and their influence in the architectural design process. To improve this process we have designed a tool, ArchiTech, which aims to support architects during the design process by suggesting alternative architectural decisions that can improve some types of non-functional requirements in a particular project, and facilitate the reuse of architectural knowledge shared between projects of the same architectural domain (e.g., web-based applications). Notes: Tool Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9381 Author: Vickers, B. Year of Conference: 2004 Title: Architecting a software architect Conference Name: 2004 IEEE Aerospace Conference Proceedings (IEEE Cat. No.04TH8720) Volume: 6 Pages: 4155-4161 Vol.6 Date: 6-13 March 2004 Short Title: Architecting a software architect ISBN: 1095-323X DOI: 10.1109/AERO.2004.1368238 Keywords: aerospace computing aerospace engineering educational courses industrial training on-the-job training software architecture Jet Propulsion Laboratory aerospace software development aerospace systems educational program software architect program software engineering software engineers software systems Educational programs Programming Propulsion Software development management Software standards Standards development Abstract: Software architecture is a relatively new software engineering discipline that has emerged as a response to the growing complexity of software systems and the problems these systems attempt to solve. Software is becoming the dominant component of most aerospace systems and it is necessary for the aerospace software development community to develop new practices, principles, and standards to manage this growing complexity. The Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) has developed and implemented a year-long educational program designed to develop expertise in software architectures and to train future software architects. Now in its third year, the software architect program (SWAP) selects senior software engineers and then apprentices them as software architects. The objective of this paper is to describe the structure of the SWAP, the program's background, how the program has evolved, and the lessons learned from the implementation of this educational program. Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9301 Author: Poort, E. R. and Vliet, H. v. Year of Conference: 2011 Title: Architecting as a Risk- and Cost Management Discipline Conference Name: 2011 Ninth Working IEEE/IFIP Conference on Software Architecture Pages: 2-11 Date: 20-24 June 2011 Short Title: Architecting as a Risk- and Cost Management Discipline DOI: 10.1109/WICSA.2011.11 Keywords: decision making risk management software architecture business stakeholders cost management discipline risk management discipline Computer architecture Context Organizations Software architecture process solution architecture Abstract: We propose to view architecting as a risk- and cost management discipline. This point of view helps architects identify the key concerns to address in their decision making, by providing a simple, relatively objective way to assess architectural significance. It also helps business stakeholders to align the architect's activities and results with their own goals. We examine the consequences of this point of view on the architecture process, and give some guidance on its implementation, using examples from practicing architects trained in this approach. Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 8043 Author: Zdun, Uwe, Avgeriou, Paris, Hentrich, Carsten and Dustdar, Schahram Year: 2008 Title: Architecting as decision making with patterns and primitives Conference Name: Proceedings of the 3rd international workshop on Sharing and reusing architectural knowledge Conference Location: Leipzig, Germany Publisher: ACM Pages: 11-18 DOI: 10.1145/1370062.1370066 Place Published: 1370066 Abstract: The application of patterns is used as a foundation for many central design decisions in software architecture, but because of the informal nature of patterns, these design decisions are usually not precisely documented in the models. In our earlier work, we had proposed pattern primitives as a solution to precisely model the patterns in the corresponding architectural views. Building upon that approach, this paper introduces a pattern-based architecting process that aims at inexpensively documenting design decisions in the architectural views alongside the natural flow of design. The decisions that are made explicit, concern the selection of patterns, their variants and the corresponding primitives, as well as the resolution of inconsistencies between the architectural views. The approach is demonstrated in the domain of process-driven SOA for two architectural views: Component-and-Connector and Process Flow. Notes: just framework, no research on behavior Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 7974 Author: Haitzer, Thomas, Navarro, Elena and Zdun, Uwe Year: 2015 Title: Architecting for decision making about code evolution Conference Name: Proceedings of the 2015 European Conference on Software Architecture Workshops Conference Location: Dubrovnik, Cavtat, Croatia Publisher: ACM Pages: 1-7 DOI: 10.1145/2797433.2797487 Place Published: 2797487 Abstract: During software evolution, it is important to evolve not only the source code, but also its architecture to prevent architecture drift and architecture erosion. This is a complex activity, especially for large software projects, with multiple development teams that might be located in different countries or on different continents. To ease this kind of evolution, we have developed a domain-specific language for making decisions about the evolution. It supports the definition of architectural changes based on multiple implementation tasks that can have temporal dependencies among each other. Then, by means of a model-to-model transformation, we automatically create a constraint model that we use to generate, by means of the Alloy model analyzer, the possible alternative decisions for executing the implementation tasks. The tight integration with architecture abstractions enables architects to automatically check the changes related to an implementation task in relation to the architecture description. This helps keeping architecture and code in sync, avoiding drift and erosion. Notes: Tool to document - no behavior Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 7975 Author: Shahin, Mojtaba Year: 2015 Title: Architecting for DevOps and Continuous Deployment Conference Name: Proceedings of the ASWEC 2015 24th Australasian Software Engineering Conference Conference Location: Adelaide, SA, Australia Publisher: ACM Pages: 147-148 DOI: 10.1145/2811681.2824996 Place Published: 2824996 Abstract: Development and Operations (DevOps) in the context of Continuous Deployment (CD) have emerged as an attractive software development movement, which tries to establish a strong connection between development and operations teams. CD is defined as the ability to quickly put new releases into production. We believe that DevOps/CD brings new challenges for architects, which considerably impacts both on their (architectural) design decisions and their organizational responsibilities. We assert that there is an important and urgent need of sufficient research work to gain a deep understanding of how DevOps/CD adoption can influence architecting, architectural decision-making processes and their outcomes in an organization. This PhD research is aimed at understanding and addressing new challenges for designing architectures for supporting DevOps in the context of CD. Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8586 Author: Folmer, Eelke and Bosch, Jan Year: 2004 Title: Architecting for usability: a survey Journal: Journal of Systems and Software Volume: 70 Issue: 1–2 Pages: 61-78 Date: 2// Short Title: Architecting for usability: a survey ISSN: 0164-1212 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0164-1212(02)00159-0 Keywords: Software architecture Usability Design for quality attributes Abstract: Over the years the software engineering community has increasingly realized the important role software architecture plays in fulfilling the quality requirements of a system. The quality attributes of a software system are, to a large extent determined by the system’s software architecture. In recent years, the software engineering community has developed various tools and techniques that allow for design for quality attributes, such as performance or maintainability, at the software architecture level. We believe this design approach can be applied not only to “traditional” quality attributes such as performance or maintainability but also to usability. This survey explores the feasibility of such a design approach. Current practice is surveyed from the perspective of a software architect. Are there any design methods that allow for design for usability at the architectural level? Are there any evaluation tools that allow assessment of architectures for their support of usability? What is usability? A framework is presented which visualizes these three research questions. Usability should drive design at all stages, but current usability engineering practice fails to fully achieve this goal. Our survey shows that there are no design techniques or assessment tools that allow for design for usability at the architectural level. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0164121202001590 Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 7881 Author: Cataldo, Marcelo and Herbsleb, James D. Year: 2010 Title: Architecting in software ecosystems: interface translucence as an enabler for scalable collaboration Conference Name: Proceedings of the Fourth European Conference on Software Architecture: Companion Volume Conference Location: Copenhagen, Denmark Publisher: ACM Pages: 65-72 DOI: 10.1145/1842752.1842772 Place Published: 1842772 Abstract: Software ecosystems are emerging as an alternative approach for the development of complex software systems. The potentially transformational benefits of software ecosystems stems, primarily, from two basic principles that software ecosystems have embraced: transparency, a pillar in open source development, and modular system design. Despite the benefits associated with transparency and modularity, there are also important challenges that deserve attention. In this paper, we introduce the concept of interface translucence as an architectural mechanism that seeks to overcome challenges faced by transparency and modular system design. Interface translucence leverages the important technical role that interfaces play in software architectures to bridge the technical and socio-organizational dimensions of software development in ecosystems. We present an application of the concept of interface translucence in the context of architecting a software system as well as in the context of implementing it. We conclude with a discussion of future research work. Notes: Not on behavior focused Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 9064 Author: Woods, E. Year: 2015 Title: Architecting in the Gaps: A Metaphor for Architecture Work Journal: IEEE Software Volume: 32 Issue: 4 Pages: 33-35 Short Title: Architecting in the Gaps: A Metaphor for Architecture Work ISSN: 0740-7459 DOI: 10.1109/MS.2015.98 Keywords: software architecture software architect role software development teams system overall efficiency Software development software design software engineering Abstract: The metaphor "architecting in the gaps" can help software development teams clearly understand the software architect's role and how architecture contributes to a system's overall efficiency. Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9327 Author: López-Nores, M., Blanco-Fernández, Y. and Pazos-Arias, J. J. Year of Conference: 2010 Title: Architecting multimedia-rich collaborative learning services over Interactive Digital TV Conference Name: 5th Iberian Conference on Information Systems and Technologies Pages: 1-6 Date: 16-19 June 2010 Short Title: Architecting multimedia-rich collaborative learning services over Interactive Digital TV ISBN: 2166-0727 Keywords: Java computer aided instruction computer aided software engineering digital television groupware interactive television multimedia systems peer-to-peer computing software architecture CASE tool Java-based software architecture distributed t-learning educational service interactive digital TV multimedia-rich collaborative learning service peer-to-peer basis student community visual development Communities Context HDTV Internet Receivers XML MHP P2P collaborative t-learning virtual communities Abstract: Distance learning has developed greatly in recent years, and several major technological approaches have been defined. One of these is t-learning, that is, the provision of educational services over Interactive Digital TV. In this paper, we present a Java-based software architecture for the development of distributed t-learning applications and services, based on freely available technologies. The proposed framework provides convenient support for the specific needs of t-learning with strong emphasis on interactivity, promoting the creation of student communities and shared workspaces on a peer-to-peer basis. We also introduce a CASE tool for visual development of such services, distributing their functionality among a number of sceneries that provide for differentiated roles among those in a community. Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8582 Author: Ferrari, Remo N. and Madhavji, Nazim H. Year: 2008 Title: Architecting-problems rooted in requirements Journal: Information and Software Technology Volume: 50 Issue: 1–2 Pages: 53-66 Date: 1// Short Title: Architecting-problems rooted in requirements ISSN: 0950-5849 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.infsof.2007.10.012 Keywords: Requirements engineering Software architecture Software quality Process improvement Empirical study Abstract: Requirements permeate many parts of the software development process outside the requirements engineering (RE) process. It is thus important to determine whether software developers in these other areas of software development face any requirements-oriented (RO) problems in carrying out their tasks. Feedback so obtained can be invaluable for improving both requirements and RE technologies. In this paper, we describe an exploratory case study of requirements-oriented problems experienced by 16 architecting teams designing the same banking application. The study found that there were several different types of RO problems, of varying severity, which the architects faced in using the given requirements; those architects with RE background also faced RO problems; and about a third of all problems were RO problems. There was much concurrence of our findings with software-expert opinion from a large insurance company. There were also areas where there were relatively few RO problems. The paper also describes some implications of the findings for the RE field, particularly in the areas of: expression of quality requirements for different stakeholders; empirical studies on quality scenarios; tighter integration of RE and software architecting processes; and requirements to architecture mapping. There are opportunities for further research based on two emergent hypotheses which are also described in this paper. Notes: student URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S095058490700119X 'File' Attachments: internal-pdf://0781279421/Architecting-problems rooted in requirements.pdf Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8912 Author: Faber, R. Year: 2010 Title: Architects as Service Providers Journal: IEEE Software Volume: 27 Issue: 2 Pages: 33-40 Short Title: Architects as Service Providers ISSN: 0740-7459 DOI: 10.1109/MS.2010.37 Keywords: encoding software architecture software development management agile development projects application developers architects coding activities service providers system qualities agile development development teams management software engineering software engineering process software process models Abstract: Architects provide those system qualities as values to their customers, communicating and implementing them in close cooperation with developers. In this way, architects also can and should play an important role in agile development projects. As a service to application developers, architects participate in coding activities and sustain the architecture's effectiveness throughout a project's lifetime. Reference Type: Book Section Record Number: 7849 Author: Angelov, Samuil, Meesters, Marcel and Galster, Matthias Year: 2016 Title: Architects in Scrum: What Challenges Do They Face? Editor: Tekinerdogan, Bedir, Zdun, Uwe and Babar, Ali Book Title: Software Architecture: 10th European Conference, ECSA 2016, Copenhagen, Denmark, November 28 -- December 2, 2016, Proceedings Place Published: Cham Publisher: Springer International Publishing Pages: 229-237 Short Title: Architects in Scrum: What Challenges Do They Face? ISBN: 978-3-319-48992-6 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-48992-6_17 Label: Angelov2016 Abstract: Context: Even though Scrum (the most popular agile software development approach) does not consider architecting an explicit activity, research and professional literature provide insights into how to approach architecting in agile development projects. However, challenges faced by architects in Scrum when performing tasks relevant to the architects’ role are still unexplored. Objective: We aim at identifying challenges that architects face in Scrum and how they tackle them. Method: We conducted a case study involving interviews with architects from six Dutch companies. Results: Challenges faced by architects are mostly related to the autonomy of development teams and expected competences of Product Owners. Conclusions: The results presented in this paper help architects understand potential pitfalls that might occur in Scrum and what they can do to mitigate or to avoid them. URL: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-48992-6_17 Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 9351 Author: Tamburri, D. A., Kazman, R. and Fahimi, H. Year: 2016 Title: The Architect's Role in Community Shepherding Journal: IEEE Software Volume: 33 Issue: 6 Pages: 70-79 Short Title: The Architect's Role in Community Shepherding ISSN: 0740-7459 DOI: 10.1109/MS.2016.144 Keywords: organisational aspects software architecture software quality architecture component design architecture qualities community shepherding organizational rewiring project stakeholders software architects Computer architecture Cultural differences Professional aspects architectural social debt social debt management software architecture shepherds software communities software community smells software development software engineering software organizational structure software social debt Abstract: Software architects don't just design architecture components or champion architecture qualities; they often must guide and harmonize the entire community of project stakeholders. The community-shepherding aspects of the architect's role have been gaining attention, given the increasing importance of complex "organizational rewiring" scenarios such as DevOps, open source strategies, transitions to agile development, and corporate acquisitions. In these scenarios, architects would benefit by having effective models to align communities with architectures. This article discusses the "smells" indicating that a community isn't functioning efficiently, offers a set of mitigations for those smells, and provides an overview of community types. Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8793 Author: Weinreich, R. and Groher, I. Year: 2016 Title: The Architect's Role in Practice: From Decision Maker to Knowledge Manager? Journal: IEEE Software Volume: 33 Issue: 6 Pages: 63-69 Short Title: The Architect's Role in Practice: From Decision Maker to Knowledge Manager? ISSN: 0740-7459 DOI: 10.1109/MS.2016.143 Keywords: personnel software architecture software development management European software architects US software architects United States advisor coordinator decision maker knowledge manager Computer architecture Interviews architectural decision making industrial interview study software architecture knowledge management software development software engineering Abstract: Interviews with European and US software architects show not only a diverse practice of architecting but also the architect's transformation from primary decision maker to coordinator, advisor, and knowledge manager. 'File' Attachments: internal-pdf://2001325740/The Architect's Role in Practice From Decision.pdf Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 7987 Author: Amorim, Simone da Silva, McGregor, John D., Almeida, Eduardo Santana de and Chavez, Christina von Flach G. Year: 2017 Title: The Architect's Role in Software Ecosystems Health Conference Name: Proceedings of the 2nd Workshop on Social, Human, and Economic Aspects of Software Conference Location: Salvador, Brazil Publisher: ACM Pages: 1-4 DOI: 10.1145/3098322.3098324 Place Published: 3098324 Abstract: Software ecosystems have adopted many different strategies to achieve success and good health. The role of software architect is one of the main contributors to that success. Their activities are crucial for realizing the business strategy of their organization. Software ecosystems define multi-sided markets that require different strategies from a traditional two-sided market. The architectural practices in the multi-sided market must support the need for flexibility and rapid reaction. These new demands broaden our understanding of the software architect's role and the impact of their action on ecosystem structure. In particular the need to understand how to operate in a collaborative, cooperative environment to exploit competition. In this position paper, we discuss how software architect's actions influence the ecosystem health through their indicators: productivity, niche creation, and robustness. Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 7890 Author: Bernini, Diego Year: 2010 Title: Architectural abstractions for space and time awareness: the case of responsive environments Conference Name: Proceedings of the Fourth European Conference on Software Architecture: Companion Volume Conference Location: Copenhagen, Denmark Publisher: ACM Pages: 12-16 DOI: 10.1145/1842752.1842757 Place Published: 1842757 Abstract: Space and time are common high-level concepts in several classes of systems, however they seldom are first class concerns at the software architecture level. In particular they have a crucial role in responsive environments, i.e. technology-augmented ordinary environments which are able to sense and respond to their inhabitants. The paper presents the Ph.D. proposal of the author, which aims to define suitable architectural abstractions to manage space and time in responsive environments. The paper first outlines the problem, then presents the related work and finally describes the proposed solution approach, the expected results and their validation plan. Notes: Framework instead of behavior Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8946 Author: Zibman, I., Woolf, C., Reilly, P. O', Strickland, L., Willis, D. and Visser, J. Year: 1996 Title: An architectural approach to minimizing feature interactions in telecommunications Journal: IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking Volume: 4 Issue: 4 Pages: 582-596 Short Title: An architectural approach to minimizing feature interactions in telecommunications ISSN: 1063-6692 DOI: 10.1109/90.532867 Keywords: broadband networks intelligent networks multimedia communication personal communication networks software agents software reusability telecommunication computing telecommunication network management UPT Universal Personal Telecommunications architectural approach broadband services feature interactions minimisation multimedia services service independent interaction management service operations service software architecture telecommunication networks telecommunication services Computer architecture Context-aware services Hardware Protocols Signal processing Software architecture Switches Telecommunications Abstract: Feature interaction, in the context of telecommunications, is the phenomenon where a user (end-user or system operator) observes services failing to perform as expected, and where the failures are due to the presence of other services (or multiple instances of a single service) in the network. We propose an architectural approach to minimize the problem of feature interaction while increasing the reusability of software for services. Our approach recognizes that currently many assumptions about service operations and system capabilities are implicitly built into the service software architecture. We claim that many nontrivial feature interactions arise when services or technologies with new capabilities, based on conflicting assumptions, are introduced. We propose an architecture based on software agents and separation of concerns. A processing model for service-independent interaction management within the agent architecture is discussed. This architecture effectively removes many common assumptions about roles and technology from the service software architecture, thus reducing the need to provide ad hoc solutions to particular feature interactions. We demonstrate the power of such an architecture by showing how it deals with examples of interactions among existing services, interactions introduced by Universal Personal Telecommunications (UPT), and its applicability to emerging broadband and multimedia service requirements. We also consider the architecture in the context of the intelligent network Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8597 Author: Dustdar, Schahram and Gall, Harald Year: 2003 Title: Architectural concerns in distributed and mobile collaborative systems Journal: Journal of Systems Architecture Volume: 49 Issue: 10–11 Pages: 457-473 Date: 11// Short Title: Architectural concerns in distributed and mobile collaborative systems ISSN: 1383-7621 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S1383-7621(03)00092-4 Keywords: Process awareness Software architecture Mobile collaborative systems Abstract: Organizations increasingly coordinate their product and service development processes to deliver their products and services as fast as possible, and to involve employees, customers, suppliers, and business partners seamlessly in different stages of the processes. These processes have to consider that their participants are increasingly on the move or distributed while they are working. Expertise needs to be shared across locations and different mobile devices. This paper describes a framework for distributed and mobile collaboration, defines a set of requirements for virtual communities, and discusses a mobile teamwork support software architecture that has been developed in the EU-project MOTION. The framework together with the architecture enables to enhance current collaboration approaches to include the dimension of mobile participants and virtual communities for distributed product development. This is achieved by integrating process and workspace management requirements with Peer-to-Peer Middleware, Publish-Subscribe, and Community and User Management components. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1383762103000924 Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 7683 Author: Zimmermann, O., Wegmann, L., Koziolek, H. and Goldschmidt, T. Year of Conference: 2015 Title: Architectural Decision Guidance Across Projects - Problem Space Modeling, Decision Backlog Management and Cloud Computing Knowledge Conference Name: 2015 12th Working IEEE/IFIP Conference on Software Architecture Pages: 85-94 Date: 4-8 May 2015 Short Title: Architectural Decision Guidance Across Projects - Problem Space Modeling, Decision Backlog Management and Cloud Computing Knowledge DOI: 10.1109/WICSA.2015.29 Keywords: Unified Modeling Language cloud computing knowledge management project management software architecture ADMentor Sparx enterprise architect UML model linkage architectural decision guidance architectural knowledge management cloud application design decisions cloud computing knowledge control system architectures decision backlog management knowledge application knowledge maintenance meta-information open AKM problems problem space modeling project-specific decision guidance question-option-criteria diagram support reusable knowledge solution space management workflow management decisions Communities Computational modeling Documentation Knowledge engineering Software UML agile practices architectural decisions architectural synthesis patterns Abstract: Architectural Knowledge Management (AKM) has been a major topic in software architecture research since 2004. Open AKM problems include an effective, seamless transition from reusable knowledge found in patterns books and technology blogs to project-specific decision guidance and an efficient, practical approach to knowledge application and maintenance. We extended our previous work with concepts for problem space modeling, focusing on reusable knowledge, as well as solution space management, focusing on project-level decisions. We implemented these concepts in ADMentor, an extension of Sparx Enterprise Architect. AD Mentor features rapid problem space modeling, UML model linkage, question-option-criteria diagram support, meta-information for model tailoring, as well as decision backlog management. We validated ADMentor by modeling and applying 85 cloud application design decisions and 75 workflow management decisions, creating one problem and three sample solution spaces covering control system architectures, and obtaining user feedback on tool and model content. Notes: Focus on tool development (even behavorial aspects in the introduction are interesting) Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 8913 Author: Lytra, I., Sobernig, S. and Zdun, U. Year of Conference: 2012 Title: Architectural Decision Making for Service-Based Platform Integration: A Qualitative Multi-Method Study Conference Name: 2012 Joint Working IEEE/IFIP Conference on Software Architecture and European Conference on Software Architecture Pages: 111-120 Date: 20-24 Aug. 2012 Short Title: Architectural Decision Making for Service-Based Platform Integration: A Qualitative Multi-Method Study DOI: 10.1109/WICSA-ECSA.212.19 Keywords: object-oriented methods software architecture application-dependent architectural decisions architectural decision making decision-making process design decisions domain-dependent architectural decisions heterogeneous platforms pattern language pattern-based architectural decision model platform integration qualitative multi method study service-based platform integration systematic literature review technology-dependent architectural decisions Computer architecture Context Decision making Interviews Software Systematics Abstract: Nowadays the software architecture of a system is often seen as a set of design decisions providing the rationale for the system design. When designing a software architecture multiple levels of design decisions need to be considered. For example, the service-based integration of heterogeneous platforms and the development of applications on top of those integration services requires high-level as well as technology-, domain-, and application-dependent architectural decisions. In this context, we performed a series of qualitative studies following a multi-method approach. First, we conducted a systematic literature review from which we derived a pattern language for platform integration featuring 40 patterns, as well as a pattern-based architectural decision model. Then, we performed interviews with 9 platform experts from 3 companies for revising the architectural knowledge captured by the pattern language and the decision model. Finally, we participated in a case study and observed the decision-making process to validate the results further. Our observations resulted in 1) a qualitatively validated, pattern-based architectural decision model and 2) a generalized model of the different levels and stages of architectural decision making for service-based platform integration. Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9091 Author: Harrison, N. B., Gubler, E. and Skinner, D. Year of Conference: 2016 Title: Architectural Decision-Making in Open-Source Systems -- Preliminary Observations Conference Name: 2016 1st International Workshop on Decision Making in Software ARCHitecture (MARCH) Pages: 16-21 Date: 5-5 April 2016 Short Title: Architectural Decision-Making in Open-Source Systems -- Preliminary Observations DOI: 10.1109/MARCH.2016.7 Keywords: decision making public domain software software architecture OSS projects architectural decision-making architectural decisions architectural documentation decision making process open-source projects open-source software projects open-source systems preliminary observations unified architectural decisions Architecture Chaos Computer architecture Documentation Open source software Evolution rchitectural Decisions Abstract: Participants in open-source software projects are often geographically dispersed, and may work in different companies, and have different visions of the software. These present special challenges to creating unified architectural decisions. Yet open-source projects are often successful. We studied architectural documentation of forty-four open-source (OSS) projects, and found some evidence of how architectural decisions were made. It appears that the decision making process is not significantly different from that in traditional software projects. In particular, it was characterized by careful, intentional software design, with attention to quality attributes. In general, the architectural decisions tended to be controlled by a very small team or a single individual. 'File' Atttachments: internal-pdf://1410670074/Architectural Decision-Making in Open-Source S.pdf Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 7945 Author: Prause, Christian R. and Durdik, Zoya Year: 2012 Title: Architectural design and documentation: waste in agile development? Conference Name: Proceedings of the International Conference on Software and System Process Conference Location: Zurich, Switzerland Publisher: IEEE Press Pages: 130-134 Place Published: 2664380 Abstract: There is a problem with documentation and architectural design in agile projects. This is the result of interviews we have conducted with 37 software engineering experts from industry and academia. In our paper, we analyze the interview results and the origins of the revealed issues. We propose ways to integrate software design methodologies into agile development, and reputation mechanism to solve documentation problems. The contributions of this paper are (i) an investigation of expert opinions on design and documentation problems, (ii) an analysis of problem origins, and (iii) proposals for future improvements of agile processes. Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9556 Author: Prause, C. R. and Durdik, Z. Year of Conference: 2012 Title: Architectural design and documentation: Waste in agile development? Conference Name: 2012 International Conference on Software and System Process (ICSSP) Pages: 130-134 Date: 2-3 June 2012 Short Title: Architectural design and documentation: Waste in agile development? DOI: 10.1109/ICSSP.2012.6225956 Keywords: integrated software project management software architecture software prototyping system documentation agile project development architectural design documentation expert opinion integrated software design methodology software engineering Industries Interviews Programming Software quality agile development reputation software design Abstract: There is a problem with documentation and architectural design in agile projects. This is the result of interviews we have conducted with 37 software engineering experts from industry and academia. In our paper, we analyze the interview results and the origins of the revealed issues. We propose ways to integrate software design methodologies into agile development, and reputation mechanism to solve documentation problems. The contributions of this paper are (i) an investigation of expert opinions on design and documentation problems, (ii) an analysis of problem origins, and (iii) proposals for future improvements of agile processes. 'File' Atttachments: internal-pdf://3986397288/Architectural design and documentation Waste i.pdf Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9449 Author: Che, M. and Perry, D. E. Year of Conference: 2014 Title: Architectural Design Decisions in Open Software Development: A Transition to Software Ecosystems Conference Name: 2014 23rd Australian Software Engineering Conference Pages: 58-61 Date: 7-10 April 2014 Short Title: Architectural Design Decisions in Open Software Development: A Transition to Software Ecosystems ISBN: 1530-0803 DOI: 10.1109/ASWEC.2014.37 Keywords: knowledge management public domain software software architecture ADD management architectural design decisions architectural knowledge management architecture decision-making process knowledge evaporation open ecosystem community open software development paradigm software architecture research software development process software ecosystems software engineering processes Communities Computer architecture Ecosystems Organizations Software architectural knowledge open software development Abstract: Managing architectural design decisions (ADDs) in software development process is an essential task for architectural knowledge management. As software ecosystems become a new software development paradigm in software engineering processes, it is important and necessary to capture and represent ADDs in open software development, and to evolve architectural knowledge with minimum knowledge evaporation in the open ecosystem community. So far, little work has been done on managing architectural decisions in software ecosystems in current software architecture research and practice. In this research position paper, we discuss the typical characteristics of software ecosystems which may influence architecture decision-making processes in software development, and identify the essential aspects that should be considered for managing ADDs in the context of software ecosystem. In addition, we discuss major challenges of managing ADDs for software ecosystems, and we also propose possible directions in research to solve the problems. Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9018 Author: Tyree, J. Year of Conference: 2005 Title: Architectural Design Decisions Session Report Conference Name: 5th Working IEEE/IFIP Conference on Software Architecture (WICSA'05) Pages: 285-286 Date: 6-10 Nov. 2005 Short Title: Architectural Design Decisions Session Report DOI: 10.1109/WICSA.2005.14 Keywords: Best practices Computer architecture Decision making Knowledge management Message service Ontologies Prototypes Software architecture Software prototyping Time factors Abstract: In the architectural design decisions session, we discussed tools, techniques, and processes with respect to architectural design decision-making. The importance of making good decisions was highlighted through an examination of several software architecture case studies. Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 8821 Author: Lopes, S. V. F. and Junior, P. T. A. Year of Conference: 2017 Title: Architectural Design Group Decision-Making in Agile Projects Conference Name: 2017 IEEE International Conference on Software Architecture Workshops (ICSAW) Pages: 210-215 Date: 5-7 April 2017 Short Title: Architectural Design Group Decision-Making in Agile Projects DOI: 10.1109/ICSAW.2017.24 Keywords: decision making software architecture software prototyping software quality agile projects architectural design group decision-making design alternatives quality attributes Collaboration Computer architecture Conferences Industries Stakeholders Scrum agile group decision-making Abstract: Software architecture has many definitions. One widely accepted definition of software architecture is that it is a composition of a set of architectural design decisions. Hence, designing a software architecture is a decision-making process. Agile methods drastically changed the way of designing a software architecture. In projects using agile methods (e.g. Scrum), making architectural design decisions is not the responsibility of a single person, but rather the whole development team. Despite the popularity of such methods in the industry, little research exists on how to make these decisions from the perspective of a group effectively. Current techniques usually focus on the identification of quality attributes and design alternatives, not addressing the whole decision-making process. The quality of decisions directly reflects the quality of the software architecture. Therefore poor decisions lead to bad software architectures. In this paper, we discuss current research on group decision-making in software architecture and the proposal of a combination of concepts from two architecture definition methods into a single approach that can be used in agile projects and addresses the most critical concerns of group decision-making. This proposal is part of a master's research project. Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 7630 Author: Soliman, M., Galster, M., Salama, A. R. and Riebisch, M. Year of Conference: 2016 Title: Architectural Knowledge for Technology Decisions in Developer Communities: An Exploratory Study with StackOverflow Conference Name: 2016 13th Working IEEE/IFIP Conference on Software Architecture (WICSA) Pages: 128-133 Date: 5-8 April 2016 Short Title: Architectural Knowledge for Technology Decisions in Developer Communities: An Exploratory Study with StackOverflow DOI: 10.1109/WICSA.2016.13 Keywords: decision making knowledge management software architecture technology management StackOverflow architecture knowledge management software development community software system technology decision Computer architecture Media Middleware Programming Telecommunications Architecture knowledge architecture design decisions empirical study knowledge capturing Abstract: Architectural decisions have a big influence on basic properties of a software system, and are difficult to change once implemented. Technology decisions deserve special attention because they are one of the most frequently occurring types of architectural decisions. Architectural knowledge is crucial for good decisions. Current architecture knowledge management approaches try to support architects by offering a rich base of architectural solutions and design decision rules. However, they mostly depend on manually capturing and maintaining the architectural knowledge. In this paper, we utilize the most popular online software development community (StackOverflow) as a source of knowledge for technology decisions to support architecture knowledge management approaches with a more efficient methods for knowledge capturing. We conducted an exploratory study, and followed a qualitative and quantitative content analysis approach. We analysed the posts in this community to identify architecture-relevant and technology-related knowledge, and to classify the posts into different types for the purpose of knowledge structuring. In addition, we evaluated our findings through feedback from practitioners. 'File' Atttachments: internal-pdf://1264029490/Architectural Knowledge for Technology Decisio.pdf Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 8894 Author: Bardram, J. E., Christensen, H. B. and Hansen, K. M. Year of Conference: 2004 Title: Architectural prototyping: an approach for grounding architectural design and learning Conference Name: Proceedings. Fourth Working IEEE/IFIP Conference on Software Architecture (WICSA 2004) Pages: 15-24 Date: 12-15 June 2004 Short Title: Architectural prototyping: an approach for grounding architectural design and learning DOI: 10.1109/WICSA.2004.1310686 Keywords: software architecture software prototyping architectural qualities knowledge transfer software architectural learning software architectural prototyping software architecture design software system development Buildings Computer architecture Grounding Mars Planets Prototypes Vehicles Veins Abstract: A major part of software architecture design is learning how specific architectural designs balance the concerns of stakeholders. We explore the notion of "architectural prototypes", correspondingly architectural prototyping, as a means of using executable prototypes to investigate stakeholders' concerns with respect to a system under development. An architectural prototype is primarily a learning and communication vehicle used to explore and experiment with alternative architectural styles, features, and patterns in order to balance different architectural qualities. The use of architectural prototypes in the development process is discussed, and we argue that such prototypes can play a role throughout the entire process. The use of architectural prototypes is illustrated by three distinct cases of creating software systems. We argue that architectural prototyping can provide key insights that may otherwise be difficult to obtain before a system is built. Furthermore, they define skeleton systems that serve as communication means and knowledge transfer among stakeholders. Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9430 Author: Baresi, L. and Guinea, S. Year of Conference: 2012 Title: Architectural Styles for Adaptive Systems: A Tutorial Conference Name: 2012 IEEE Sixth International Conference on Self-Adaptive and Self-Organizing Systems Pages: 237-238 Date: 10-14 Sept. 2012 Short Title: Architectural Styles for Adaptive Systems: A Tutorial ISBN: 1949-3673 DOI: 10.1109/SASO.2012.38 Keywords: adaptive systems software architecture ambient intelligence architectural design architectural styles context-aware applications pervasive computing runtime variability software systems Context Monitoring Software Tutorials Abstract: Modern and evolving domains such as ambient intelligence, context-aware applications, and pervasive computing require that software systems be able to cope with unprecedented degrees of runtime variability. This demands that software systems be flexible, and easily adaptable in the wake of change. Providing such flexibility is a multi-faceted challenge where the architectural design plays a key role. This tutorial presents the current state of practice in software architecture for adaptive systems, and provides an overview of the research directions in which the Software Architecture community is moving to better solve these issues. Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8862 Author: Monroe, R. T., Kompanek, A., Melton, R. and Garlan, D. Year: 1997 Title: Architectural styles, design patterns, and objects Journal: IEEE Software Volume: 14 Issue: 1 Pages: 43-52 Short Title: Architectural styles, design patterns, and objects ISSN: 0740-7459 DOI: 10.1109/52.566427 Keywords: object-oriented methods software reusability architectural styles design patterns object-oriented design software design software reuse system design knowledge Design engineering Knowledge engineering Power engineering and energy Process design Protocols Software architecture Software systems Systems engineering and theory Terminology Abstract: Architectural styles, object-oriented design and design patterns all hold promise as approaches that simplify software design and reuse by capturing and exploiting system design knowledge. This article explores the capabilities and roles of the various approaches, their strengths and their limitations Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 8786 Author: Linden, T., Marsh, J. and Dove, D. Year of Conference: 1986 Title: Architecture and early experience with planning for the ALV Conference Name: Proceedings. 1986 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation Volume: 3 Pages: 2035-2042 Date: Apr 1986 Short Title: Architecture and early experience with planning for the ALV DOI: 10.1109/ROBOT.1986.1087518 Keywords: Artificial intelligence Computer architecture Decision making Land vehicles Mobile robots Real time systems Remotely operated vehicles Software algorithms Software architecture Technology planning Abstract: This paper describes the software architecture and the initial algorithms that have proved to be effective for a real time robot planning system. The architecture is designed to incorporate planning technology from research on artificial intelligence while at the same time supporting the high performance decision making needed to control a fast-moving autonomous vehicle. The symbolic representation of the vehicle's plan is a key element in this architecture. Our initial algorithms use an especially efficient version of dynamic programming to find the best routes. The route is then translated into a symbolic plan. Replanning happens at several levels with the cost of replanning proportionate to the scope of the changes. This software is currently running in an environment which simulates the vehicle and perception systems, but it will be transferred to the DARPA Autonomous Land Vehicle built by Martin Marietta Denver Aerospace [Lowrie 86]. Notes: System development for algorithms Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 8112 Author: Kruchten, Phillippe Year: 1995 Title: Architecture blueprints—the “4+1” view model of software architecture Conference Name: Tutorial proceedings on TRI-Ada '91: Ada's role in global markets: solutions for a changing complex world Conference Location: Anaheim, California, USA Publisher: ACM Pages: 540-555 DOI: 10.1145/216591.216611 Place Published: 216611 Notes: Specific usage of one view - more tool Reference Type: Book Section Record Number: 7503 Author: Zalewski, Andrzej and Kijas, Szymon Year: 2010 Title: Architecture Decision-Making in Support of Complexity Control Editor: Babar, Muhammad Ali and Gorton, Ian Book Title: Software Architecture: 4th European Conference, ECSA 2010, Copenhagen, Denmark, August 23-26, 2010. Proceedings Place Published: Berlin, Heidelberg Publisher: Springer Berlin Heidelberg Pages: 501-504 Short Title: Architecture Decision-Making in Support of Complexity Control ISBN: 978-3-642-15114-9 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-15114-9_50 Label: Zalewski2010 Abstract: The main challenge of software engineering has always been to bring software complexity under control. Different kinds of abstractions have been devised and applied for that purpose at different levels of software design. Some of them have proven successful, such as function hierarchies, layers, API’s, abstract classes, encapsulation, interfaces etc. and are widely used in practice. Concepts from the genre of software architecture should also help to manage software complexity. We argue that, before architecture decisions and architecture decision-making become a common industrial practice, they have to support software complexity management much more efficiently than at present. Despite the substantial progress already made, it is still a major challenge both in theory (architecture decisions representation and architecture decision-making methods) and practice (tool support). URL: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-15114-9_50 Reference Type: Book Section Record Number: 7851 Author: Schröder, Sandra, Riebisch, Matthias and Soliman, Mohamed Year: 2016 Title: Architecture Enforcement Concerns and Activities - An Expert Study Editor: Tekinerdogan, Bedir, Zdun, Uwe and Babar, Ali Book Title: Software Architecture: 10th European Conference, ECSA 2016, Copenhagen, Denmark, November 28 -- December 2, 2016, Proceedings Place Published: Cham Publisher: Springer International Publishing Pages: 247-262 Short Title: Architecture Enforcement Concerns and Activities - An Expert Study ISBN: 978-3-319-48992-6 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-48992-6_19 Label: Schröder2016 Abstract: Software architecture provides the high-level design of software systems with the most critical decisions. The source code of a system has to conform to the architectural decisions to guarantee the systems’ success in terms of quality properties. Therefore, architects have to continuously ensure that architecture decisions are implemented correctly to prevent architecture erosion. This is the main goal of Architecture Enforcement. For an effective enforcement, architects have to be aware of the most important enforcement concerns and activities. Unfortunately, current state of the art does not provide a concrete structure on how the process of architecture enforcement is actually applied in industry. Therefore, we conducted an empirical study in order to gain insight in the industrial practice of architecture enforcement. For this, we interviewed 12 experienced software architects from different companies. As a result, we identified the most important concerns that software architects care about during architecture enforcement. Additionally, we investigated which activities architects usually apply in order to enforce those concerns. URL: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-48992-6_19 Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 8983 Author: Nunes, R. and Delgado, J. Year of Conference: 1998 Title: An architecture for a home automation system Conference Name: 1998 IEEE International Conference on Electronics, Circuits and Systems. Surfing the Waves of Science and Technology (Cat. No.98EX196) Volume: 1 Pages: 259-262 vol.1 Date: 1998 Short Title: An architecture for a home automation system DOI: 10.1109/ICECS.1998.813316 Keywords: home automation standardisation constitutive modules functionality home automation system interconnected modules size software architecture standardisation trends system architecture Computer architecture Consumer electronics Domestic safety Europe Integrated circuit technology Lighting control Load management Microprocessors System software Abstract: This paper introduces home automation very briefly and mentions current standardisation trends in this field. Then, a new system architecture is proposed and its main characteristics are described. The proposed architecture has a distributed nature, is very modular and can be easily expanded in size and functionality. There are only two types of constitutive modules and their roles are described. A given system is composed by several modules interconnected through a network, whose main features are presented. The system's software architecture is also briefly described Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8132 Author: Caltagirone, Sergio, Keys, Matthew, Schlief, Bryan and Willshire, Mary Jane Year: 2002 Title: Architecture for a massively multiplayer online role playing game engine Journal: J. Comput. Sci. Coll. Volume: 18 Issue: 2 Pages: 105-116 Short Title: Architecture for a massively multiplayer online role playing game engine ISSN: 1937-4771 Legal Note: 771339 Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8406 Author: Gutiérrez Vela, F. L., Isla Montes, J. L., Paderewski Rodríguez, P., Sánchez Román, M. and Jiménez Valverde, B. Year: 2007 Title: An architecture for access control management in collaborative enterprise systems based on organization models Journal: Science of Computer Programming Volume: 66 Issue: 1 Pages: 44-59 Date: 4/15/ Short Title: An architecture for access control management in collaborative enterprise systems based on organization models ISSN: 0167-6423 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scico.2006.10.005 Keywords: Collaborative system Software architecture Enterprise architecture Role-based access control Organization patterns Abstract: One of the most important characteristics of current enterprise systems is the existence of collaborative processes where different users/subsystems communicate and cooperate in order to carry out common activities. In these processes, shared resources are often used and there are complex relationships between activities and users, so the definition and administration of different security levels (tasks, users, resources, etc.) is necessary. In this article, we shall focus on an important dimension related to the security aspect of collaborative systems: access control. We shall use an organization model that considers the necessary elements to represent authorization and access control aspects in enterprise systems. This model is used in a service-oriented architecture (SOA) in order to facilitate the implementation of a service which is responsible for these important functions. Finally, we shall propose the use of a pattern definition language at a conceptual level to facilitate the modelling of the organizational structures of an enterprise system. We shall specify organization patterns that will help us define general models which can be applied in different situations. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167642306002474 Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9290 Author: Guo, Y., Schwaninger, A. and Gall, H. Year of Conference: 2008 Title: An Architecture for an Adaptive and Collaborative Learning Management System in Aviation Security Conference Name: 2008 IEEE 17th Workshop on Enabling Technologies: Infrastructure for Collaborative Enterprises Pages: 165-170 Date: 23-25 June 2008 Short Title: An Architecture for an Adaptive and Collaborative Learning Management System in Aviation Security ISBN: 1524-4547 DOI: 10.1109/WETICE.2008.26 Keywords: airports computer based training courseware data analysis groupware security software architecture adaptive learning aviation security collaborative learning management system course configuration flexible training scenarios frequently changing regulations knowledge-based analysis solid job assessments Collaboration Collaborative work Data security Knowledge management Learning systems Least squares approximation Management training Solids Adaptive LMS Abstract: The importance of aviation security has increased dramatically in recent years. Frequently changing regulations and the need to adapt quickly to new and emerging threats are challenges that need to be addressed by airports, security companies and appropriate authorities across the world. Learning management systems (LMS) have been developed as effective tools for enhancing the management, integration and application of knowledge in organizations. In the aviation security domain, we need mechanisms to quickly adapt to new learning content, to different roles ranging from screeners to supervisors, to flexible training scenarios and solid job assessments. For that, a learning system has to be flexible and adaptive both in knowledge, organizational and in collaboration dimensions. Current LMS do not meet these requirements. In this paper we present a software architecture that is apt to support the adaptability and collaboration needs for such a system in aviation security. We discuss the requirements, roles, learning objects and course configuration in terms of adaptive and collaborative learning. We present a six-layer architecture and discuss some of its application scenarios. Our aim is to improve the quality and usefulness of LMS in aviation security by utilizing knowledge-based analysis for data analysis and integrating a process engine for collaborative learning. We briefly report on our prototype and the gained first feedback from the users. Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 8234 Author: LuperFoy, Susann, Loehr, Dan, Duff, David, Miller, Keith, Reeder, Florence and Harper, Lisa Year: 1998 Title: An architecture for dialogue management, context tracking, and pragmatic adaptation in spoken dialogue systems Conference Name: Proceedings of the 17th international conference on Computational linguistics - Volume 2 Conference Location: Montreal, Quebec, Canada Publisher: Association for Computational Linguistics Pages: 794-801 DOI: 10.3115/980432.980700 Place Published: 980700 Abstract: This paper details a software architecture for discourse processing in spoken dialogue systems, where the three component tasks of discourse processing are (1) Dialogue Management, (2) Context Tracking, and (3) Pragmatic Adaptation. We define these three component tasks and describe their roles in a complex, near-future scenario in which multiple humans interact with each other and with computers in multiple, simultaneous dialogue exchanges. This paper reports on the software modules that accomplish the three component tasks of discourse processing, and an architecture for the interaction among these modules and with other modules of the spoken dialogue system. A motivation of this work is reusable discourse processing software for integration with non-discourse modules in spoken dialogue systems. We document the use of this architecture and its components in several prototypes, and also discuss its potential application to spoken dialogue systems defined in the near-future scenario. Notes: Example system - not relevant Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 8235 Author: LuperFoy, Susann, Loehr, Dan, Duff, David, Miller, Keith, Reeder, Florence and Harper, Lisa Year: 1998 Title: An architecture for dialogue management, context tracking, and pragmatic adaptation in spoken dialogue systems Conference Name: Proceedings of the 36th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and 17th International Conference on Computational Linguistics - Volume 2 Conference Location: Montreal, Quebec, Canada Publisher: Association for Computational Linguistics Pages: 794-801 DOI: 10.3115/980691.980700 Place Published: 980700 Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 8166 Author: Sanduja, Neeraj and Kaur, Pavneet Year: 2011 Title: Architecture for intelligent transport system for automated vehicle Conference Name: Proceedings of the International Conference on Advances in Computing and Artificial Intelligence Conference Location: Rajpura/Punjab, India Publisher: ACM Pages: 213-215 DOI: 10.1145/2007052.2007096 Place Published: 2007096 Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9116 Author: Eklund, U. and Bosch, J. Year of Conference: 2012 Title: Architecture for Large-Scale Innovation Experiment Systems Conference Name: 2012 Joint Working IEEE/IFIP Conference on Software Architecture and European Conference on Software Architecture Pages: 244-248 Date: 20-24 Aug. 2012 Short Title: Architecture for Large-Scale Innovation Experiment Systems DOI: 10.1109/WICSA-ECSA.212.38 Keywords: design embedded systems innovation management program testing software architecture R& D practices business decision customer feedback design decision embedded architecture embedded product embedded software large-scale innovation experiment system mass-produced device original equipment manufacturer power consumption prototype in-vehicle infotainment system software development team software testing user experience Computer architecture Technological innovation Testing Vehicles product development Abstract: Business and design decisions regarding software development should be based on data, not opinions among developers, domain experts or managers. The company running the most and fastest experiments among the customer base against the lowest cost per experiment outcompetes others by having the data to engineer products with outstanding qualities such as power consumption and user experience. Innovation experiment systems for mass-produced devices with embedded software is an evolution of current R&D practices, going from where innovations are internally evaluated by the original equipment manufacturer to where they are tried by real users in a scale relevant to the full customer base. The turnaround time from developing and deploying an embedded product to getting customer feedback is decreased to weeks, the limit being the speed of the software development teams. The paper presents an embedded architecture for realising such a novel innovation experiment system based on a set of scenarios of what to evaluate in the experiments. A case is presented implementing an architecture in a prototype in-vehicle infotainment system where comparative testing between two software alternatives was performed. Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9159 Author: Handelman, D. A. and Stengel, R. F. Year of Conference: 1987 Title: An Architecture for Real-Time Rule-Based Control Conference Name: 1987 American Control Conference Pages: 1636-1642 Date: 10-12 June 1987 Short Title: An Architecture for Real-Time Rule-Based Control Keywords: Aerospace control Communication system control Computer architecture Control systems Environmental economics Expert systems Hardware Protocols Real time systems Software architecture Abstract: A method for control employing rule-based search is reviewed, and a Rule-Based Controller achieving economical real-time performance is described. Code optimization, in the form of LISP-to-Pascal knowledge base translation, provides real-time search execution speed and a processing environment enabling highly integrated symbolic and numeric computation. With a multiprocessor software architecture specifying rule-based protocol for control task communication, and a hardware architecture providing concurrent implementation within a multi-microprocessor system, the controller realizes a set of cooperating real-time expert systems. Based on experience gained through the design and implementation of a Rule-Based Flight Control System, the proposed approach appears applicable to a large class of complex control problems. Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 8106 Author: Sangwan, Raghvinder S. and Ros, Johannes Year: 2008 Title: Architecture leadership and management in globally distributed software development Conference Name: Proceedings of the first international workshop on Leadership and management in software architecture Conference Location: Leipzig, Germany Publisher: ACM Pages: 17-22 DOI: 10.1145/1373307.1373313 Place Published: 1373313 Abstract: Globally distributed software development is inherently difficult. The fundamental problem is that communication, coordination and control mechanisms that operate so naturally and invisibly in co-located projects are not available or not as effective for distributed teams. Maintaining a shared up-to-date understanding of the system under design among distributed teams separated by physical, temporal, and cultural distances, therefore, becomes challenging. Under such circumstances the role of a project architect takes on an added significance. The architect must bridge the gaps that exist among the distributed teams especially those with interrelated tasks. Bridging gaps across teams requires proactive effort to create, among distributed teams, a shared level of understanding of the system context, its problem domain and an overarching vision of the system to be designed. We call this a shared project context. Establishing a shared project context goes a long way in creating architectural artifacts, understanding dependencies across software elements of the architecture and the allocation of their development to the distributed teams. Lack of such a context leads to the creation of multiple realities promoting ignorance, confusion and frustration, which subsequently undermine mutual trust and make inter-team communications less effective. This vicious cycle leads to dysfunctional teams, inefficiencies in the project and ultimately to poorly designed architectures. Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 8805 Author: Bengtsson, P. and Bosch, J. Year of Conference: 1999 Title: Architecture level prediction of software maintenance Conference Name: Proceedings of the Third European Conference on Software Maintenance and Reengineering (Cat. No. PR00090) Pages: 139-147 Date: 1999 Short Title: Architecture level prediction of software maintenance DOI: 10.1109/CSMR.1999.756691 Keywords: formal specification software architecture software maintenance software quality haemo dialysis machine historical data requirement specification software architecture level prediction software design software engineers software maintainability prediction Computer architecture Data engineering Maintenance engineering Programming Read only memory Software systems Abstract: A method for the prediction of software maintainability during software architecture design is presented. The method takes: the requirement specification; the design of the architecture; expertise from software engineers; and, possibly, historical data as input and generates a prediction of the average effort for a maintenance task. Scenarios are used by the method to concretize the maintainability requirements and to analyze the architecture for the prediction of the maintainability. The method is formulated based on extensive experience in software architecture design and detailed design and exemplified using the design of software architecture for a haemo dialysis machine. Experiments for evaluation and validation of the method are ongoing and future work Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 9078 Author: Erdogmus, H. Year: 2009 Title: Architecture Meets Agility Journal: IEEE Software Volume: 26 Issue: 5 Pages: 2-4 Short Title: Architecture Meets Agility ISSN: 0740-7459 DOI: 10.1109/MS.2009.121 Keywords: Communication system control Computer architecture Costs Documentation Programming Risk management Software architecture Stability Vehicles Yarn agile software development software engineering Abstract: The concept of architecture has a major role to play in expanding the traditional scope of agile software development. Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8447 Author: Pérez-Rodríguez, Roberto, Anido-Rifón, Luis, Gómez-Carballa, Miguel and Mouriño-García, Marcos Year: 2016 Title: Architecture of a concept-based information retrieval system for educational resources Journal: Science of Computer Programming Volume: 129 Pages: 72-91 Date: 11/1/ Short Title: Architecture of a concept-based information retrieval system for educational resources ISSN: 0167-6423 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scico.2016.05.005 Keywords: Exploratory search Information retrieval Bag-of-concepts (BoC) representation Software architecture Abstract: Internet searches that occur in learning contexts are very different in nature from traditional “lookup” or “known item” searches: students usually perform searches to gather information about or master a certain topic, and the search engine is used as an aid in the exploration of a domain of knowledge. This paper presents SDE (Search Discover Explore), an exploratory search engine for educational resources that was built on top of the knowledge provided by Wikipedia: the set of its articles provides the search space (the set of topics that users can investigate), and the relationships between Wikipedia articles inform the suggestions that the search engine provides to students to go deeper in the exploration of a certain domain of knowledge. SDE indexes several hundreds of thousands of educational resources from high-quality Web sources, such as Project Gutenberg and Open Education Europe, among many others. This paper also reports the results of the evaluation of SDE by experts in Technology Enhanced Learning in several workshops that took place across Europe in the context of the European FP7 project iTEC. These results enable us to conclude that the exploratory search paradigm, making use of knowledge mined from Wikipedia, is a very promising approach for building information retrieval systems to be used in learning contexts. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167642316300314 Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8583 Author: García-Sáez, Gema, Hernando, M. Elena, Martínez-Sarriegui, Iñaki, Rigla, Mercedes, Torralba, Verónica, Brugués, Eulalia, de Leiva, Alberto and Gómez, Enrique J. Year: 2009 Title: Architecture of a wireless Personal Assistant for telemedical diabetes care Journal: International Journal of Medical Informatics Volume: 78 Issue: 6 Pages: 391-403 Date: 6// Short Title: Architecture of a wireless Personal Assistant for telemedical diabetes care ISSN: 1386-5056 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijmedinf.2008.12.003 Keywords: Diabetes Mellitus CORBA Personal Assistant Telemedicine Abstract: Purpose Advanced information technologies joined to the increasing use of continuous medical devices for monitoring and treatment, have made possible the definition of a new telemedical diabetes care scenario based on a hand-held Personal Assistant (PA). This paper describes the architecture, functionality and implementation of the PA, which communicates different medical devices in a personal wireless network. Description of the system The PA is a mobile system for patients with diabetes connected to a telemedical center. The software design follows a modular approach to make the integration of medical devices or new functionalities independent from the rest of its components. Physicians can remotely control medical devices from the telemedicine server through the integration of the Common Object Request Broker Architecture (CORBA) and mobile GPRS communications. Data about PA modules’ usage and patients’ behavior evaluation come from a pervasive tracing system implemented into the PA. Results and discussion The PA architecture has been technically validated with commercially available medical devices during a clinical experiment for ambulatory monitoring and expert feedback through telemedicine. The clinical experiment has allowed defining patients’ patterns of usage and preferred scenarios and it has proved the Personal Assistant's feasibility. The patients showed high acceptability and interest in the system as recorded in the usability and utility questionnaires. Future work will be devoted to the validation of the system with automatic control strategies from the telemedical center as well as with closed-loop control algorithms. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1386505608002086 Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9341 Author: Lewis, G. A., Simanta, S., Novakouski, M., Cahill, G., Boleng, J., Morris, E. and Root, J. Year of Conference: 2013 Title: Architecture Patterns for Mobile Systems in Resource-Constrained Environments Conference Name: MILCOM 2013 - 2013 IEEE Military Communications Conference Pages: 680-685 Date: 18-20 Nov. 2013 Short Title: Architecture Patterns for Mobile Systems in Resource-Constrained Environments ISBN: 2155-7578 DOI: 10.1109/MILCOM.2013.121 Keywords: decision making face recognition military communication mobile radio ubiquitous computing Cloudlet-based cyber-foraging pattern architecture patterns data source integration pattern decision-making group context awareness pattern language translation mission planning mobile systems resource-constrained environments tactical edge tactical-edge environments Computer architecture Context Engines Mobile communication Mobile handsets Sensors Servers mobile computing software architecture Abstract: Soldiers, first responders and other personnel operating at the tactical edge increasingly make use of mobile devices to help with tasks such as face recognition, language translation, decision-making and mission planning. Tactical-edge environments are characterized by limited resources, dynamic context, high stress and poor connectivity. This paper focuses on three architecture patterns that address these conditions. The Data Source Integration pattern uses server-side standardized definitions of live or cached geo-located data feeds that can be customized and filtered on a single, map-based user interface on a mobile device. The Group Context Awareness pattern uses context obtained from groups of handheld devices operating as part of a team to make sure that the right information is displayed to the right soldier at the right time. The Cloudlet-Based Cyber-Foraging pattern uses cloudlets as code-offload elements to optimize resources and increase computation power of mobile devices. Cloudlets are discoverable, localized, stateless servers running one or more virtual machines on which users can offload resource-intensive computations from their mobile devices. Prototype applications have been implemented for each of these patterns. Experiment results and participation in exercises have shown the effectiveness of the patterns in addressing the challenges of resource-constrained environments. Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8411 Author: Phillips, Dewanne M., Mazzuchi, Thomas A. and Sarkani, Shahram Year: 2018 Title: An architecture, system engineering, and acquisition approach for space system software resiliency Journal: Information and Software Technology Volume: 94 Pages: 150-164 Date: 2// Short Title: An architecture, system engineering, and acquisition approach for space system software resiliency ISSN: 0950-5849 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.infsof.2017.10.006 Keywords: Software Architecture Resiliency Systems engineering Life cycle Vulnerabilities Threats Cybersecurity Abstract: AbstractContext Software-intensive space systems can harbor defects and vulnerabilities that may enable external adversaries or malicious insiders to disrupt or disable system functions, risking mission compromise or loss. Mitigating this risk demands a sustained focus on the security and resiliency of the system architecture including software, hardware, and other components. Objective In this paper we offer methodical approaches for improving space system resiliency through software architecture design, system engineering, and increased software security, thereby reducing the risk of latent software defects and vulnerabilities. Method We conducted a systematic review of existing architectural practices, standards, security and coding practices, various threats, defects, and vulnerabilities that impact space systems from hundreds of relevant publications and interviews of subject matter experts. We expanded on the system-level body of knowledge for resiliency and identified a new software architecture framework and acquisition methodology to improve the resiliency of space systems from a software perspective with an emphasis on the early phases of the systems engineering life cycle. This methodology involves seven steps: 1) Define technical resiliency requirements, 1a) Identify standards/policy for software resiliency, 2) Develop a request for proposal (RFP)/statement of work (SOW) for resilient space systems software, 3) Define software resiliency goals for space systems, 4) Establish software resiliency quality attributes, 5) Perform architectural tradeoffs and identify risks, 6) Conduct architecture assessments as part of the procurement process, and 7) Ascertain space system software architecture resiliency metrics. Results Data illustrates that software vulnerabilities can lead to opportunities for malicious cyber activities, which could degrade the space mission capability for its user community. Reducing the number of vulnerabilities by improving architecture and software system engineering practices can contribute to making space systems more resilient. Conclusion Since cyber-attacks [1] are enabled by shortfalls in software, robust software engineering practices and an architectural design are foundational to resiliency, which is a quality that allows the system to take a hit to a critical component and recover in a known, bounded, and generally acceptable period of time. To achieve software resiliency for space systems, acquirers and suppliers must identify relevant factors and systems engineering practices to apply across the life cycle, in software requirements analysis, architecture development, design, implementation, verification and validation, and maintenance phases. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0950584917300575 Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9080 Author: Feng, Chen, Qianxiang, Wang, Hong, Mei and Fuqing, Yang Year of Conference: 2002 Title: An architecture-based approach for component-oriented development Conference Name: Proceedings 26th Annual International Computer Software and Applications Pages: 450-455 Date: 2002 Short Title: An architecture-based approach for component-oriented development ISBN: 0730-3157 DOI: 10.1109/CMPSAC.2002.1045042 Keywords: Java distributed object management software architecture software reusability ABC CBSD CORBA COTS middleware Common Object Request Broker Architecture J2EE Java 2 platform enterprise edition SA architecture-based approach architecture-based component composition component-based reuse component-based software development component-oriented development process gross software structure integrated component-oriented development process run-time pla fbrm software crisis top-down approach Computer architecture Computer languages Computer science Connectors Middleware Programming Runtime Scheduling Abstract: Component-based reuse is a hopeful solution to the software crisis. Research on software architecture (SA) has revealed a component-based vision of the gross structure of software and provides a top-down approach to direct the component-oriented development process. But the gap between SA design and final implementation prevents it from playing a fundamental role in the process. On the other hand, the component-based software development (CBSD) technology such as Java 2 platform enterprise edition (J2EE) and Common Object Request Broker Architecture (CORBA) provides a feasible bottom-up way to construct systems from standard components, forming an implementation basis for an integrated component-oriented development process. In this paper we propose an architecture-based component composition (ABC) approach, which uses SA model as the blueprint of development and COTS middleware as the run-time platform to support an automated component-oriented development process. Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 7973 Author: Rostami, Kiana, Stammel, Johannes, Heinrich, Robert and Reussner, Ralf Year: 2015 Title: Architecture-based Assessment and Planning of Change Requests Conference Name: Proceedings of the 11th International ACM SIGSOFT Conference on Quality of Software Architectures Conference Location: Montréal, QC, Canada Publisher: ACM Pages: 21-30 DOI: 10.1145/2737182.2737198 Place Published: 2737198 Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9003 Author: Rostami, K., Stammel, J., Heinrich, R. and Reussner, R. Year of Conference: 2015 Title: Architecture-based assessment and planning of change requests Conference Name: 2015 11th International ACM SIGSOFT Conference on Quality of Software Architectures (QoSA) Pages: 21-30 Date: 4-8 May 2015 Short Title: Architecture-based assessment and planning of change requests DOI: 10.1145/2737182.2737198 Keywords: software architecture software maintenance software quality KAMP Karlsruhe architectural maintainability prediction architecture decisions architecture-based assessment change propagation change requests planning context information information systems software development process software engineering artefacts software evolution Analytical models Computer architecture Context Context modeling Software Change Request Impact Analysis Abstract: Software architecture reflects important decisions on structure, used technology and resources. Architecture decisions influence to a large extent requirements on software quality. During software evolution change requests have to be implemented in a way that the software maintains its quality, as various potential implementations of a specific change request influence the quality properties differently. Software development processes involve various organisational and technical roles. Thus, for sound decision making it is important to understand the consequences of the decisions on the various software engineering artefacts (e.g. architecture, code, test cases, build, or deployments) when analysing the impact of a change request. However, existing approaches do not use sufficient architecture descriptions or are limited to software development without taking management tasks into account. In this paper, we present the tool-supported approach Karlsruhe Architectural Maintainability Prediction (KAMP) to analyse the change propagation caused by a change request in a software system based on the architecture model. Using context information annotated on the architecture KAMP enables project members to assess the effects of a change request on various technical and organisational artefacts and tasks during software life cycle. We evaluate KAMP in an empirical study, which showed that it improves scalability of analysis for information systems due to automatically generated task lists containing more complete and precise context annotations than manually created ones. Notes: Development of tool (even interesting) Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 9558 Author: Yang, B., Hu, Y. and Huang, C. Y. Year: 2015 Title: An Architecture-Based Multi-Objective Optimization Approach to Testing Resource Allocation Journal: IEEE Transactions on Reliability Volume: 64 Issue: 1 Pages: 497-515 Short Title: An Architecture-Based Multi-Objective Optimization Approach to Testing Resource Allocation ISSN: 0018-9529 DOI: 10.1109/TR.2014.2372411 Keywords: evolutionary computation program testing resource allocation sensitivity analysis RBD-based model WNS-MODE architecture-based multiobjective optimization approach multiobjective differential evolution multiobjective evolutionary algorithm reliability block diagram resource allocation testing single-objective optimization approach software system system cost modeling approach system reliability assessment weighted normalized sum Object oriented modeling Optimization Resource management Software Software reliability Testing Hyper-volume indicator multi-objective evolutionary algorithm software architecture software cost models Abstract: Software systems are widely employed in society. With a limited amount of testing resource available, testing resource allocation among components of a software system becomes an important issue. Most existing research on the testing resource allocation problem takes a single-objective optimization approach, which may not adequately address all the concerns in the decision-making process. In this paper, an architecture-based multi-objective optimization approach to testing resource allocation is proposed. An architecture-based model is used for system reliability assessment, which has the advantage of explicitly considering system architecture over the reliability block diagram (RBD)-based models, and has good flexibility to different architectural alternatives and component changes. A system cost modeling approach which is based on well-developed software cost models is proposed, which would be a more flexible, suitable approach to the cost modeling of software than the approach adopted by others which is based on an empirical cost model. A multi-objective optimization model is developed for the testing resource allocation problem, in which the three major concerns in the testing resource allocation problem, i.e., system reliability, system cost, and the total amount of testing resource consumed, are taken into consideration. A multi-objective evolutionary algorithm (MOEA), called multi-objective differential evolution based on weighted normalized sum (WNS-MODE), is developed. Experimental studies are presented, and the experiments show several results. 1) The proposed architecture-based multi-objective optimization approach can identify the testing resource allocation strategy which has a good trade-off among optimization objectives. 2) The developed WNS-MODE is better than the MOEA developed in recent research, called HaD-MOEA, in terms of both solution quality and computational efficiency. 3) The WNS-MODE seems quite robust from the sensitivity analysis results. Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 9027 Author: Petriu, D., Shousha, C. and Jalnapurkar, A. Year: 2000 Title: Architecture-based performance analysis applied to a telecommunication system Journal: IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering Volume: 26 Issue: 11 Pages: 1049-1065 Short Title: Architecture-based performance analysis applied to a telecommunication system ISSN: 0098-5589 DOI: 10.1109/32.881717 Keywords: object-oriented programming queueing theory software architecture software performance evaluation software quality specification languages telecommunication computing LQN model LQN performance models UML description architectural decisions architectural patterns architecture based performance analysis high-level architecture layered queueing network maintainability performance analysis results performance attributes performance bottleneck performance effects performance model structure processing power quantitative performance models reliability reusability serialization software quality characteristics system architecture systematic approach telecommunication product telecommunication system Buildings Computer architecture Hardware Maintenance Performance analysis Power system modeling Software performance Unified modeling language Abstract: Software architecture plays an important role in determining software quality characteristics, such as maintainability, reliability, reusability, and performance. Performance effects of architectural decisions can be evaluated at an early stage by constructing and analyzing quantitative performance models, which capture the interactions between the main components of the system as well as the performance attributes of the components themselves. The paper proposes a systematic approach to building layered queueing network (LQN) performance models from a UML description of the high-level architecture of a system and more exactly from the architectural patterns used for the system. The performance model structure retains a clear relationship with the system architecture, which simplifies the task of converting performance analysis results into conclusions and recommendations related to the software architecture. The proposed approach is applied to a telecommunication product for which an LQN model is built and analyzed. The analysis shows how the performance bottleneck is moving from component to component (hardware or software) under different loads and configurations and exposes some weaknesses in the original software architecture, which prevent the system from using the available processing power at full capacity due to excessive serialization. Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 8264 Author: Wang, CHU, Depei, QIAN and Chuda, LIU Year: 2006 Title: Architecture-based problem frames constructing for software reuse Conference Name: Proceedings of the 2006 international workshop on Advances and applications of problem frames Conference Location: Shanghai, China Publisher: ACM Pages: 19-24 DOI: 10.1145/1138670.1138675 Place Published: 1138675 Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8762 Author: Wang, Wen-Li, Pan, Dai and Chen, Mei-Hwa Year: 2006 Title: Architecture-based software reliability modeling Journal: Journal of Systems and Software Volume: 79 Issue: 1 Pages: 132-146 Date: 1// Short Title: Architecture-based software reliability modeling ISSN: 0164-1212 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jss.2005.09.004 Keywords: Software architecture Architectural style Markov model Reliability estimation Abstract: Reliability is one of the essential quality requirements of software systems, especially for life critical ones. Software reliability modeling provides a means for estimating reliability of software, which facilitates effective decision making for quality control. Existing models either use a black-box approach that is based on test data of the whole system or a white-box approach that uses components’ reliabilities and inter-component interactions. While the black-box approach is applicable to the late phases of software development, the white-box approach can support decisions on early component reuse and later component upgrades and updates. However, the white-box based models have traditionally considered only homogeneous software behaviors. For this reason, we extended the white-box to an architecture-based approach, utilizing the characteristics of architectural styles to capture design information and to realize non-uniform heterogeneous software behaviors. Adhered to the behaviors, a state machine of a discrete-time Markov model is constructed and employed to compute software reliability. Our approach allows reliability to be modeled at architectural design stage to decide components for reuse as well as later testing and maintenance phases for continuous software evolution. In contrast to the black-box approach, the model only needs to retest the influenced portions for a behavioral or structural change, instead of the complete system. This model yields a compelling result after being applied to an industrial real-time component-based financial system. We believe that this architecture-based modeling technique can have a great potential for use to effectively improve software quality. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0164121205001421 Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 8076 Author: Winbladh, Kristina, Alspaugh, Thomas A., Ziv, Hadar and Richardson, Debra Year: 2006 Title: Architecture-based testing using goals and plans Conference Name: Proceedings of the ISSTA 2006 workshop on Role of software architecture for testing and analysis Conference Location: Portland, Maine Publisher: ACM Pages: 64-68 DOI: 10.1145/1147249.1147258 Place Published: 1147258 Abstract: This paper presents a specification-based testing approach that compares software specifications defined at different levels of abstraction, e.g. architecture and implementation, against specified system goals. We believe that a goal-driven approach that connects several development artifacts through verification of specified goals provides useful traceability links between those artifacts as well as an efficient testing technique. Our approach begins with a system goal graph in which high-level goals are step-wise refined into low-level functional goals that can be realized as code components. Each of the architectural components is associated with a plan that describes the component's functional behavior. Source code is annotated with goals from plans and events that achieve the goals; code is then precompiled to emit those goals and events at run time. Plans are automatically translated into a rule-based recognizer. An oracle is produced from the pre- and post-conditions associated with the plan's goals. When the program executes, the goals and events emitted are automatically tested against the plans and expected results. As components achieve their component-level plans, a higher-level plan recognizer, concerned with the integration of components, can verify correct system behavior over the interaction trace of a collection of lower-level plans. A small example illustrates the concept. Notes: Not behavior Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9531 Author: Bosch, J. Year of Conference: 2002 Title: Architecture-centric software engineering Conference Name: Proceedings of the 24th International Conference on Software Engineering. ICSE 2002 Pages: 681-682 Date: 25-25 May 2002 Short Title: Architecture-centric software engineering Keywords: software architecture architecture-centric software engineering bottom-up design industrial cases organizational viewpoint process viewpoint software architect role software architecture assessment software architecture design software architecture evaluation software artefact variability management software components software infrastructure software product lines technical perspective top-down design tutorial Companies Computer architecture Computer industry Permission Programming Reflection Software engineering Software quality Software reusability Abstract: Many software organizations are in the transition from project-centric to architecture-centric engineering of software. This tutorial addresses this development by providing an overview and in-depth treatment of the issues surrounding the architecture-centric engineering of software. Topics include software architecture design in the presence of existing components and infrastructure (top-down versus bottom-up), architecture evaluation and assessment, software artefact variability management, software product lines and the role of the software architect. These topics are, in addition to the technical perspective, discussed from process and organizational viewpoints. The topics are extensively illustrated by examples and experiences from many industrial cases. The tutorial presents our experiences, reflections and research results concerning architecture-centric software engineering. Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 7946 Author: Haesevoets, Robrecht, Weyns, Danny and Holvoet, Tom Year: 2014 Title: Architecture-centric support for adaptive service collaborations Journal: ACM Trans. Softw. Eng. Methodol. Volume: 23 Issue: 1 Pages: 1-40 Short Title: Architecture-centric support for adaptive service collaborations ISSN: 1049-331X DOI: 10.1145/2559937 Legal Note: 2559937 Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 8117 Author: Giese, Holger and Henkler, Stefan Year: 2006 Title: Architecture-driven platform independent deterministic replay for distributed hard real-time systems Conference Name: Proceedings of the ISSTA 2006 workshop on Role of software architecture for testing and analysis Conference Location: Portland, Maine Publisher: ACM Pages: 28-38 DOI: 10.1145/1147249.1147253 Place Published: 1147253 Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8575 Author: Bengtsson, PerOlof, Lassing, Nico, Bosch, Jan and van Vliet, Hans Year: 2004 Title: Architecture-level modifiability analysis (ALMA) Journal: Journal of Systems and Software Volume: 69 Issue: 1–2 Pages: 129-147 Date: 1/1/ Short Title: Architecture-level modifiability analysis (ALMA) ISSN: 0164-1212 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0164-1212(03)00080-3 Keywords: Software architecture Architecture analysis Modifiability Scenarios Abstract: Several studies have shown that 50–70% of the total lifecycle cost for a software system is spent on evolving the system. Organizations aim to reduce the cost of these adaptations, by addressing modifiability during the system’s development. The software architecture plays an important role in achieving this, but few methods for architecture-level modifiability analysis exist. Independently, the authors have been working on scenario-based software architecture analysis methods that focus exclusively on modifiability. Combining these methods led to architecture-level modifiability analysis (ALMA), a unified architecture-level analysis method that focuses on modifiability, distinguishes multiple analysis goals, has explicit assumptions and provides repeatable techniques for performing the steps. ALMA consists of five main steps, i.e. goal selection, software architecture description, change scenario elicitation, change scenario evaluation and interpretation. The method has been validated through its application in several cases, including software architectures at Ericsson Software Technology, DFDS Fraktarna, Althin Medical, the Dutch Department of Defense and the Dutch Tax and Customs Administration. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0164121203000803 Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 8948 Author: Loniewski, G., Armesto, A. and Insfran, E. Year of Conference: 2011 Title: An architecture-oriented model-driven requirements engineering approach Conference Name: 2011 Model-Driven Requirements Engineering Workshop Pages: 31-38 Date: 29-29 Aug. 2011 Short Title: An architecture-oriented model-driven requirements engineering approach DOI: 10.1109/MoDRE.2011.6045364 Keywords: formal specification formal verification software architecture OpenUP method SOA-based software development architecture-oriented model requirements engineering Analytical models Computational modeling Computer architecture Computer integrated manufacturing Context Context modeling Programming Model-Driven Development OpenUP Software Architectures Abstract: Software development processes have become highly complex with the increase in the complexity of software systems and their architectures. It is widely recognized that requirements engineering (RE) is a critical part of this process, along with the design of a system's software architecture with which to satisfy requirements. In this paper, we aim to provide a methodological approach for Architecture-oriented Model-Driven Requirements Engineering. We believe that considering architectural aspects for modeling requirements in a model-driven approach will provide software developers with several benefits such as an improvement in traceability, better architecture and implementation coherence. This paper presents the definition of a process which is based on the OpenUP method, including its activities, roles, and work products. We also provide an example of the use of this approach in a SOA-based software development project. Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9321 Author: Miller, J. A. and Madhavji, N. H. Year of Conference: 2007 Title: The Architecture-Requirements Interaction Conference Name: 2007 Working IEEE/IFIP Conference on Software Architecture (WICSA'07) Pages: 24-24 Date: 6-9 Jan. 2007 Short Title: The Architecture-Requirements Interaction DOI: 10.1109/WICSA.2007.40 Keywords: decision making software architecture systems analysis architecture-requirements interaction requirements decision-making requirements engineering processes Banking Computer architecture Computer science Councils Documentation Sampling methods Software tools Abstract: The interaction between software architecture (SA) and requirements engineering (RE) processes is generating interest within the research community. We explored the role of SA documentation in requirements decision-making. This paper describes the findings from this study. Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 8896 Author: Prisaznuk, P. J. Year of Conference: 2008 Title: ARINC 653 role in Integrated Modular Avionics (IMA) Conference Name: 2008 IEEE/AIAA 27th Digital Avionics Systems Conference Pages: 1.E.5-1-1.E.5-10 Date: 26-30 Oct. 2008 Short Title: ARINC 653 role in Integrated Modular Avionics (IMA) ISBN: 2155-7195 DOI: 10.1109/DASC.2008.4702770 Keywords: aerospace computing avionics software architecture ARINC Specification 653 Airbus A380 Boeing 787 RTOS air transport industry avionics software core executive software integrated modular avionics standardized real- ime operating system interface Aerospace electronics Application software Government Manufacturing industries Operating systems Real time systems Software standards Standardization Standards development Abstract: The air transport industry has developed ARINC Specification 653 as a standardized Real-Time Operating System (RTOS) interface definition. The document specifies the interface boundary between avionics software applications and the core executive software. The standardization effort was sponsored by the airline user community and involved many interested parties, including airframe manufacturers, avionics suppliers, RTOS suppliers, government and academia. ARINC 653 is a key enabler in the development of Integrated Modular Avionics (IMA). In many ways it represents a paradigm shift for avionics development; in particular it recognizes the RTOS as key component of an IMA system. The commitment shown by industry to IMA could not be more evident than that shown by the Airbus A380 and the Boeing 787 avionics suites. This paper will provide top-level overview of IMA software architecture, the key elements of the ARINC 653 standard and its current development status. Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9240 Author: Dall, C., Li, S. W., Lim, J. T., Nieh, J. and Koloventzos, G. Year of Conference: 2016 Title: ARM Virtualization: Performance and Architectural Implications Conference Name: 2016 ACM/IEEE 43rd Annual International Symposium on Computer Architecture (ISCA) Pages: 304-316 Date: 18-22 June 2016 Short Title: ARM Virtualization: Performance and Architectural Implications ISBN: 1063-6897 DOI: 10.1109/ISCA.2016.35 Keywords: computer architecture microcontrollers multiprocessing systems virtualisation ARM servers ARM virtualization performance KVM VM-to-hypervisor transition mechanism Xen hypervisor software design multicore measurements x86 hypervisors design Hardware Kernel Servers Virtual machine monitors Virtualization ARM hypervisors multi-core operating systems performance x86 Abstract: ARM servers are becoming increasingly common, making server technologies such as virtualization for ARM of growing importance. We present the first study of ARM virtualization performance on server hardware, including multi-core measurements of two popular ARM and x86 hypervisors, KVM and Xen. We show how ARM hardware support for virtualization can enable much faster transitions between VMs and the hypervisor, a key hypervisor operation. However, current hypervisor designs, including both Type 1 hypervisors such as Xen and Type 2 hypervisors such as KVM, are not able to leverage this performance benefit for real application workloads. We discuss the reasons why and show that other factors related to hypervisor software design and implementation have a larger role in overall performance. Based on our measurements, we discuss changes to ARM's hardware virtualization support that can potentially bridge the gap to bring its faster VM-to-hypervisor transition mechanism to modern Type 2 hypervisors running real applications. These changes have been incorporated into the latest ARM architecture. Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8358 Author: Dall, Christoffer, Li, Shih-Wei, Lim, Jin Tack, Nieh, Jason and Koloventzos, Georgios Year: 2016 Title: ARM virtualization: performance and architectural implications Journal: SIGARCH Comput. Archit. News Volume: 44 Issue: 3 Pages: 304-316 Short Title: ARM virtualization: performance and architectural implications ISSN: 0163-5964 DOI: 10.1145/3007787.3001169 Legal Note: 3001169 Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 8359 Author: Dall, Christoffer, Li, Shih-Wei, Lim, Jin Tack, Nieh, Jason and Koloventzos, Georgios Year: 2016 Title: ARM virtualization: performance and architectural implications Conference Name: Proceedings of the 43rd International Symposium on Computer Architecture Conference Location: Seoul, Republic of Korea Publisher: IEEE Press Pages: 304-316 DOI: 10.1109/isca.2016.35 Place Published: 3001169 Reference Type: Book Section Record Number: 7504 Author: Brown, Alan W. and McDermid, John A. Year: 2007 Title: The Art and Science of Software Architecture Editor: Oquendo, Flavio Book Title: Software Architecture: First European Conference, ECSA 2007 Aranjuez, Spain, September 24-26, 2007 Proceedings Place Published: Berlin, Heidelberg Publisher: Springer Berlin Heidelberg Pages: 237-256 Short Title: The Art and Science of Software Architecture ISBN: 978-3-540-75132-8 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-540-75132-8_19 Label: Brown2007 Abstract: The past 20 years has seen significant investments in the theory and practice of software architecture. However, architectural deficiencies are frequently cited as a key factor in the shortcomings and failures that lead to unpredictable delivery of complex operational systems. Here, we consider the art and science of software architecture: we explore the current state of software architecture, identify key architectural trends and directions in academia and industry, and highlight some of the architectural research challenges which need to be addressed. The paper proposes an agenda of research activities to be carried out by a partnership between academia and industry. While challenges exist in many domains, for this paper we draw examples from one area of particular concern: safety-critical systems. URL: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-75132-8_19 Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8720 Author: Knasel, T. M. Year: 1986 Title: Artificial intelligence in manufacturing: Forecasts for the use of artificial intelligence in the USA Journal: Robotics Volume: 2 Issue: 4 Pages: 357-362 Date: 12// Short Title: Artificial intelligence in manufacturing: Forecasts for the use of artificial intelligence in the USA ISSN: 0167-8493 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0167-8493(86)90009-4 Keywords: Artificial Intelligence Manufacturing Industrial Application Engineering Workstations Expert Systems Marketing Forecasts Functional Applications Government Programs Industry Infrastructure Abstract: The use of artificial intelligence in manufacturing has finally emerged as a reality in the United States. Buoyed by the general growth of trained computer scientists, the lower cost hardware and software designed for easier use input, a number of experimental programs are under way to exploit artificial intelligence for manufacturing purposes. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0167849386900094 Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 8318 Author: Nafus, Dawn, Denman, Pete, Durham, Lenitra, Florez, Omar, Nachman, Lama, Sahay, Saurav, Savage, Evan, Sharma, Sangita, Strawn, Devon and Wouhaybi, Rita H. Year: 2016 Title: As Simple as Possible but No Simpler: Creating Flexibility in Personal Informatics Conference Name: Proceedings of the 2016 CHI Conference Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems Conference Location: San Jose, California, USA Publisher: ACM Pages: 1445-1452 DOI: 10.1145/2851581.2892541 Place Published: 2892541 Abstract: Personal informatics has become a widespread practice, yet even expert users still face challenges in synthesizing and making sense of data. We suggest that these challenges are related to the complexities introduced once personal context is taken seriously. Through ethnographic research in the Quantified Self community, and an iterative software design process for a project called Data Sense, we offer early indications of what those challenges are, and describe how we approached solving them. We found that users had an easier time of working with data when they could use their own files, when temporal recurrences were surfaced and reminded them of other patterns, and when they could "grab" data directly from visualizations. However, the system did require more user learning than we anticipated. Notes: System development Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9022 Author: Shojanoori, R., Juric, R., Lohi, M. and Terstyanszky, G. Year of Conference: 2014 Title: ASeCS: Assistive Self-Care Software Architectures for Delivering Service in Care Homes Conference Name: 2014 47th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences Pages: 2928-2937 Date: 6-9 Jan. 2014 Short Title: ASeCS: Assistive Self-Care Software Architectures for Delivering Service in Care Homes ISBN: 1530-1605 DOI: 10.1109/HICSS.2014.365 Keywords: Java health care knowledge representation languages object-oriented programming ontologies (artificial intelligence) software architecture ubiquitous computing ASeCS OWL ontology OWL-API SWRL SeCH assistive self-care software architecture component based Java technology component based software architecture cyber-physical object personalized healthcare service pervasive environment pervasive healthcare self-care homes semantic software Cognition Heating Medical services OWL Ontologies Semantics Software Abstract: We propose a layered and component based software architecture, which generates semantic software applications, for the purpose of delivering personalized services for residents in Self-Care Homes (SeCH). The architectural core layers accommodate software components which grasp and understand the semantic of various situations we may encounter in SeCH, through a variety of cyber-physical objects which co-exist in pervasive environments used in monitoring SeCH residents. The decision making on appropriate actions in SeCH is based on reasoning created by SWRL enabled OWL ontologies to ensure that in any situation, residents are delivered suitable and personalized healthcare services. The ASeCS architecture has been deployed through component based Java technologies, and uses OWL-API in order to seamlessly incorporate reasoning into software applications. ASeCS is SeCH specific, but provides a window of opportunities for creating modern and flexible software solutions for pervasive healthcare, where decision making solely depends on OWL/SWRL enabled computations. Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8469 Author: Nakagawa, Elisa Y., Ferrari, Fabiano C., Sasaki, Mariela M. F. and Maldonado, José C. Year: 2011 Title: An aspect-oriented reference architecture for Software Engineering Environments Journal: Journal of Systems and Software Volume: 84 Issue: 10 Pages: 1670-1684 Date: 10// Short Title: An aspect-oriented reference architecture for Software Engineering Environments ISSN: 0164-1212 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jss.2011.04.052 Keywords: Software Engineering Environment Software architecture Reference architecture Aspect orientation Software testing Abstract: Reusable and evolvable Software Engineering Environments (SEEs) are essential to software production and have increasingly become a need. In another perspective, software architectures and reference architectures have played a significant role in determining the success of software systems. In this paper we present a reference architecture for SEEs, named RefASSET, which is based on concepts coming from the aspect-oriented approach. This architecture is specialized to the software testing domain and the development of tools for that domain is discussed. This and other case studies have pointed out that the use of aspects in RefASSET provides a better Separation of Concerns, resulting in reusable and evolvable SEEs. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0164121211001038 Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9369 Author: Inverardi, P. Year of Conference: 2010 Title: Assessing Dependability for Mobile and Ubiquitous Systems: Is there a Role for Software Architectures? Conference Name: 2010 10th International Conference on Quality Software Pages: 1-1 Date: 14-15 July 2010 Short Title: Assessing Dependability for Mobile and Ubiquitous Systems: Is there a Role for Software Architectures? ISBN: 1550-6002 DOI: 10.1109/QSIC.2010.79 Keywords: software architecture software reliability ubiquitous computing mobile systems software architectures system dependability properties ubiquitous systems Computer architecture Context Europe Mobile communication Software Abstract: A traditional research direction in SA and dependability is to deduce system dependability properties from the Knowledge of the system Software Architecture. This will reflect the fact that traditional systems are built by using the closed world assumption. In mobile and ubiquitous systems this line of reasoning becomes too restrictive to apply due to the inherent dynamicity and heterogeneity of the systems under consideration. Indeed these systems need to relax the closed world assumption and to consider an open world where the system/component/user context is not fixed. In other words the assumption that the system SA is known and fixed at an early stage of the system development does not apply anymore. On the contrary the ubiquitous scenario promotes the view that systems can be dynamically composed out of available components whose dependability can at most be assessed in terms of components assumptions on the system context. Moreover dependability cannot be anymore designed as an absolute context free property of the system rather it may change as long as it allows the satisfaction of the user's requirements and needs. In this setting SA can only be dynamically induced by taking into consideration the respective assumptions of the system components and the current user needs. The talk will illustrate this challenge and will discuss a set of possible future research directions. Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9561 Author: Williams, A. Year of Conference: 2003 Title: Assessing genre as rhetorical performance in software design Conference Name: IEEE International Professional Communication Conference, 2003. IPCC 2003. Proceedings. Pages: 6 pp. Date: 21-24 Sept. 2003 Short Title: Assessing genre as rhetorical performance in software design DOI: 10.1109/IPCC.2003.1245500 Keywords: outsourcing software engineering technical presentation professional communication rhetorical genre theory rhetorical performance software design software development technical communication Collaborative software Computer industry Employment Environmental management Knowledge management Process design Shape Abstract: When organizations outsource, seeking expert help from external companies or consultants, often those in consulting roles will introduce new texts in order to help manage workflows and transform known work processes, all with the intention of improving work practices. Such scenarios challenge a key claim in rhetorical genre studies which perceives genres as actions that respond to situations that recur. As much as genre studies' notion of recurrence helps us understand texts' ability to facilitate communication in recurring workplace processes, it offers little insight into theoretical or methodological approaches for professional or technical communicators who may want to address, in theory, research, or practice, how workers use texts that have been imposed upon them with the purpose of creating situations entirely new to them and with the expectation that the new situation will stabilize and recur over time (as what often happens when companies merge or outsource). This kind of abrupt introduction of texts into the workplace marks phenomena called "genre dumping." In this paper, rhetorical genre theory and its application to genre dumping in technical communication has been examined, which have two aims: (a) to discuss how genre studies gives shape to what we know about how texts work in professional settings where technical work happens; and (b) to assess issues that genre dumping presents to rhetorical genre theory. Notes: not fitting, different topic Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8254 Author: Jaaksi, Ari Year: 2003 Title: Assessing software projects: tools for business owners Journal: SIGSOFT Softw. Eng. Notes Volume: 28 Issue: 5 Pages: 15-18 Short Title: Assessing software projects: tools for business owners ISSN: 0163-5948 DOI: 10.1145/949952.940074 Legal Note: 940074 Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 8255 Author: Jaaksi, Ari Year: 2003 Title: Assessing software projects: tools for business owners Conference Name: Proceedings of the 9th European software engineering conference held jointly with 11th ACM SIGSOFT international symposium on Foundations of software engineering Conference Location: Helsinki, Finland Publisher: ACM Pages: 15-18 DOI: 10.1145/940071.940074 Place Published: 940074 Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8227 Author: Wang, Taehyung, Schwartz, Diane and Lingard, Robert Year: 2008 Title: Assessing student learning in software engineering Journal: J. Comput. Sci. Coll. Volume: 23 Issue: 6 Pages: 239-248 Short Title: Assessing student learning in software engineering ISSN: 1937-4771 Legal Note: 1352424 Notes: (George) Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9032 Author: Yusuf, S., Kagdi, H. and Maletic, J. I. Year of Conference: 2007 Title: Assessing the Comprehension of UML Class Diagrams via Eye Tracking Conference Name: 15th IEEE International Conference on Program Comprehension (ICPC '07) Pages: 113-122 Date: 26-29 June 2007 Short Title: Assessing the Comprehension of UML Class Diagrams via Eye Tracking ISBN: 1092-8138 DOI: 10.1109/ICPC.2007.10 Keywords: Unified Modeling Language data visualisation software engineering UML class diagrams eye-tracking equipment semantic information Computer science Data visualization Feedback Navigation Software design Software maintenance Software systems Usability Video recording Abstract: Eye-tracking equipment is used to assess how well a subject comprehends UML class diagrams. The results of a study are presented in which eye movements are captured in a non-obtrusive manner as users performed various comprehension tasks on UML class diagrams. The goal of the study is to identify specific characteristics of UML class diagrams, such as layout, color, and stereotype usage that are most effective for supporting a given task. Results indicate subjects have a variation in the eye movements (i.e., how the subjects navigate the diagram) depending on their UML expertise and software-design ability to solve the given task. Layouts with additional semantic information about the design were found to be most effective and the use of class stereotypes seems to play a substantial role in comprehension of these diagrams. Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 7993 Author: Fresa, A., Nucera, G., Peciola, E. and Santucci, G. Year: 2002 Title: Assessment of software architectures: a case study Conference Name: Proceedings of the 14th international conference on Software engineering and knowledge engineering Conference Location: Ischia, Italy Publisher: ACM Pages: 699-706 DOI: 10.1145/568760.568881 Place Published: 568881 Abstract: Producing high quality software is a very hard task. In the last years a big effort has been spent in devising techniques for estimating and/or measuring software properties. This ranges from forecasting, in a very early stage, the cost of software production to measuring several subcharacterics in order to assess the internal and external software quality. The role of predicting vs. measuring is gaining an increas ing relevance. As an example, the recently revised ISO 9126 standard [1] introduces the concept of Estimated (Predicted) Product Quality. It is clear that the sooner estimated figures are available, the better is possible to modify some design choices. Among all the aspects involved in software developing, a central role is played by the chosen software architecture. Estimating the quality characteristics of such architecture is a strategic activity that can drive several following design decision. In this paper we report the experience of an architectural assessment performed in Ericsson Lab Italy. The assessment was performed according to the framework presented by Jan Bosch in [2]. Notes: software architecture, but not the software architect itself Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 8032 Author: Anvaari, Mohsen, S, Carl-Fredrik, #248, rensen and Zimmermann, Olaf Year of Conference: 2016 Title: Associating architectural issues with quality attributes: a survey on expert agreement Conference Name: Proccedings of the 10th European Conference on Software Architecture Workshops Conference Location: Copenhagen, Denmark Publisher: ACM Pages: 1-7 Short Title: Associating architectural issues with quality attributes: a survey on expert agreement DOI: 10.1145/2993412.3004847 Place Published: 3004847 Abstract: The architectural decision-making process is a complex and crucial endeavor in companies that develop large and distributed software systems. In this process, choosing and evaluating a solution for each architectural issue depends on decision drivers. The drivers are mainly the business factors (e.g., cost, time-to-market, etc.) and software quality attributes (e.g., security, adaptability, etc.). This paper examines whether there is agreement among experts in associating (i.e., relating) architectural issues with relevant quality attributes. We conducted a survey with 37 experts from several industrial domains who, at least once a month, make one or more architectural decisions. The results show there is poor agreement among these experts in identifying and scoring relevant quality attributes for each architectural issue. Poor agreement implies that the associating task is subjective, and that experts inconsistently define and interpret the relevance of various quality attributes for a given architectural issue that may hurt the sustainability of their architectural decisions. This paper suggests that practitioners in their decision-making should employ approaches that are more systematic. The approaches should be supported by methods and tools designed to diminish the biases of intuitive, experience-based approaches of associating architectural issues with quality attributes. 'File' Atttachments: internal-pdf://0397144427/Associating architectural issues with quality.pdf Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8424 Author: Yang, Chen, Liang, Peng and Avgeriou, Paris Year: 2018 Title: Assumptions and their management in software development: A systematic mapping study Journal: Information and Software Technology Volume: 94 Pages: 82-110 Date: 2// Short Title: Assumptions and their management in software development: A systematic mapping study ISSN: 0950-5849 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.infsof.2017.10.003 Keywords: Software development Assumption Assumptions management Systematic mapping study Abstract: AbstractContext Assumptions are constantly made by stakeholders or generated automatically in software development. However, there is a lack of systematic analysis and comprehensive understanding of the research and practice regarding assumptions and their management. Objective This work aims to explore and analyze the state of the art on assumptions and their management in software development. Method A systematic mapping study that covers the literature from January 2001 to December 2015 on assumptions and their management in software development. Results 134 studies were included: (1) The studies were published in 94 venues, which indicates that assumptions and their management has been a broad topic in software engineering. (2) Only 21 studies defined the assumption concept. (3) Most assumptions are made for or related to the artifacts in requirements engineering and software design, which demonstrates that assumptions should be managed from the early phases of software development. (4) Much effort has been put on Assumptions Making, Description, and Evaluation. Assumptions Maintenance received moderate attention. More than half of the tools identified aim to support assume-guarantee reasoning. For the other tools, most of them can be used to support Assumptions Description. (5) All the identified types of stakeholders are involved in Assumptions Making, followed by Evaluation and Description. Stakeholders involved in requirements engineering, software design, and software construction play a central role in assumptions management. (6) The main challenge is the difficulty of performing assumptions management activities in software development. (7) The identified assumptions management approaches, tools, benefits, and lessons learned are limited to their specific contexts (e.g., context of use). (8) Most of the negative consequences are caused by invalid or implicit assumptions. Conclusions This work provides researchers and practitioners with a reflection of the past fifteen years of research and practice on assumptions and their management in software development. Notes: Literature review - excluded URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0950584916304189 Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9545 Author: Paterson, M. J., Cormack, W. A., Herd, J. T. and Beard, S. M. Year of Conference: 1989 Title: An astronomical imaging application using transputers Conference Name: International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing Pages: 1528-1531 vol.3 Date: 23-26 May 1989 Short Title: An astronomical imaging application using transputers ISBN: 1520-6149 DOI: 10.1109/ICASSP.1989.266732 Keywords: astronomy computing computerised picture processing parallel machines 24 Mbyte COSMOS machine SuperCOSMOS astronomical imaging application charge coupled device data acquisition high-volume data processing interface microdensitometer offline processing ported process real-time processing software design topologies transputers Biomedical imaging Charge coupled devices Current measurement Data engineering Data mining Data processing Extraterrestrial measurements Power measurement Real time systems Time measurement Abstract: The authors discuss the role of transputers in high-speed, high-volume data processing and describe the software design methodology necessary to support a fully engineered implementation. An advanced microdensitometer, SuperCOSMOS, is currently under development, and provides data at rates of 500 kbytes/s from a linear 2048 element CCD (charge coupled device) array. Particular attention is given to the operation of the current COSMOS machine, the development of SuperCOSMOS, the ported process, topologies, and the interface. Porting of algorithms for the real-time processing required by SuperCOSMOS has proved straightforward, and it seem likely that offline processing will be transferred to another array of transputers in order to exploit the processing power available. Each offline domain will consist of one or more transputers and 24 Mbytes of memory and will have access to those sections of the disk farm not being used for data acquisition Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9617 Author: Valentin, G., Victor, C. and Pompiliu, B. Year of Conference: 2009 Title: ATMEGA256-based data network management software architecture Conference Name: 2009 International Symposium on Signals, Circuits and Systems Pages: 1-4 Date: 9-10 July 2009 Short Title: ATMEGA256-based data network management software architecture DOI: 10.1109/ISSCS.2009.5206123 Keywords: computer network management local area networks software architecture ATMEGA256 controller Ethernet communications centre data network management software architecture hardware functionallity serial based link Centralized control Communication system control Control systems Energy management Monitoring Power system management Read-write memory Utility programs Abstract: This paper presents the structure, hardware functionallity and software architecture of a data network management system based on the ATMEGA256 controller. Its role is to communicate with a controlling entity via an Ethernet or a serial based link, thus providing the means to monitor and configure the various equipments comprising a communications centre. Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9516 Author: Harrison, T. C. and Campbell, A. P. Year of Conference: 2011 Title: Attempting to Understand the Progress of Software Architecture Decision-Making on Large Australian Defence Projects Conference Name: 2011 Ninth Working IEEE/IFIP Conference on Software Architecture Pages: 42-45 Date: 20-24 June 2011 Short Title: Attempting to Understand the Progress of Software Architecture Decision-Making on Large Australian Defence Projects DOI: 10.1109/WICSA.2011.15 Keywords: computational complexity decision theory military computing software architecture software development management Australian defence projects architecture knowledge management de facto decision theory dynamic complexity model of software system architecture decision making ubiquitous normative decision theory Biological system modeling Computer architecture Decision making Humans Modeling Presses USA Councils agent-based modeling decision-making decisions simulation Abstract: This short paper details exploratory research into architecture knowledge management (AKM) at the very early stages of architectural design. This is a departure from traditional AKM, instead of a focus on decisions, the focus shifts to decision making. Additional decision theories and decision-making philosophies are needed to supplement the ubiquitous normative decision theory and its associated rational decision-making, which is assumed by AKM to-date as the de facto decision theory. Extensions to the agent model paradigm have been explored to portray the evolution of a set of architecture decisions according to multiple decision theories sourced from the human sciences of neurology, psychology, and sociology. Model Of Software System Architecture Decision-making (MOSSAD) uses agent-based modeling and simulation in an attempt to understand the dynamic complexity of interdependencies & interactions found in decision-to-decision relationships amongst hundreds of decisions and their asynchronous evolutions over time. If understanding is possible, this should lead to knowledge for legitimate progress of architectural decision-making. This in turn should lead to a new theory about the time period necessary for architectural design on a project. Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 7937 Author: Rick, Jochen Year: 2002 Title: AudioExplorer: multiple linked representations for convergence Conference Name: Proceedings of the Conference on Computer Support for Collaborative Learning: Foundations for a CSCL Community Conference Location: Boulder, Colorado Publisher: International Society of the Learning Sciences Pages: 535-536 Place Published: 1658707 Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9638 Author: Davidson, E. M., McArthur, S. D. J., Yuen, C. and Larsson, M. Year of Conference: 2008 Title: AuRA-NMS: Towards the delivery of smarter distribution networks through the application of multi-agent systems technology Conference Name: 2008 IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting - Conversion and Delivery of Electrical Energy in the 21st Century Pages: 1-6 Date: 20-24 July 2008 Short Title: AuRA-NMS: Towards the delivery of smarter distribution networks through the application of multi-agent systems technology ISBN: 1932-5517 DOI: 10.1109/PES.2008.4596672 Keywords: control engineering computing distribution networks multi-agent systems power engineering computing power system management power system restoration software architecture voltage control agent-based software architecture automatic restoration autonomous regional active network management system distribution network operators hardware platform intelligent-smart networks multiagent systems technology network performance optimisation strategies power flow management Automatic voltage control Educational institutions Energy management Intelligent networks Load flow Multiagent systems Optimization Cooperative systems distributed control intelligent systems Abstract: This paper discusses AuRA-NMS, an autonomous regional active network management system currently being developed in the UK through a partnership between several UK universities, two distribution network operators (DNO) and ABB. The scope of control to be undertaken by AuRA-NMS includes: automatic restoration, voltage control, power flow management and implementation of network performance optimisation strategies. The paper briefly describes AuRA-NMS and its position in the context of future "intelligent"/"smart" networks. The paper focuses on two key elements of the delivery of a demonstrable version of AuRA-NMS: its agent-based software architecture and the hardware platform on which it will initially be deployed. The paper concludes with a short discussion of the role of MAS technology in future energy networks with reference to its use in AuRA-NMS. Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9515 Author: Li, Shujie, Lou, Guohuan, Zhang, Xiaojuan and Cao, Xiaohua Year of Conference: 2010 Title: Auto-discharging system for jigging machine based on SRM Conference Name: 2010 International Conference on Optics, Photonics and Energy Engineering (OPEE) Volume: 1 Pages: 130-133 Date: 10-11 May 2010 Short Title: Auto-discharging system for jigging machine based on SRM ISBN: 2158-7434 DOI: 10.1109/OPEE.2010.5508175 Keywords: Automatic control Circuits Control systems Detectors Hardware Reluctance machines Reluctance motors Rotors Switching converters Voltage control auto-discharge system jigging machine switched reluctance motor Abstract: This paper introduces an auto-discharging system for jigging machine based on switched reluctance motor (SRM). In this system, SRM is used to replace the traditional asynchronous motor. The hardware system, controller and software design methods are discussed in this paper. AT89C51 is taken as the core component of the speed regulation controller for SMR and works with other peripheral circuits to realize effective control on motor. The experiment shows that auto-discharging system for jigging machine based on SRM is feasible and can play an important role in stabilizing clean coal ash content, reducing clean coal loss, improving product quality and separation efficiency. Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 9527 Author: Dincel, E., Eris, O. and Kurtulan, S. Year: 2013 Title: Automata-Based Railway Signaling and Interlocking System Design [Testing Ourselves] Journal: IEEE Antennas and Propagation Magazine Volume: 55 Issue: 4 Pages: 308-319 Short Title: Automata-Based Railway Signaling and Interlocking System Design [Testing Ourselves] ISSN: 1045-9243 DOI: 10.1109/MAP.2013.6645212 Keywords: automata theory decision making programmable controllers rail traffic railway communication railway safety PLC automata-based railway signaling decision-making interlocking system fail-safe programmable logic controller highspeed trains interlocking software design railway signaling system railway traffic safety standards scale railway model Accidents Rail transportation Safety Signal processing System analysis and design Traffic control Railway signalization automata fail-safe system interlocking system design Abstract: Railway signaling has become more important over the years, with the increase in railway traffic and the use of highspeed trains. Since the most important aspect of a railway signaling system is safety, the decision-making "interlocking system" is the critical element of a railway-signaling system. To satisfy the safety standards set for railway-signaling systems, the interlocking software design must be taken into account, using formal methods. In this study, an automata-based railway signaling and interlocking system is introduced and implemented, using a fail-safe programmable logic controller (PLC) on a scale railway model. Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8380 Author: Stewart, David B. Year: 2000 Title: Automated analysis and fine-tuning of timing properties in embedded real-time systems Journal: SIGSOFT Softw. Eng. Notes Volume: 25 Issue: 1 Pages: 86-87 Short Title: Automated analysis and fine-tuning of timing properties in embedded real-time systems ISSN: 0163-5948 DOI: 10.1145/340855.341028 Legal Note: 341028 Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8765 Author: Winkel, Per and Ravn, Henrik Nissen Year: 1996 Title: Automated laboratory protocols Journal: Computer Methods and Programs in Biomedicine Volume: 49 Issue: 1 Pages: 69-83 Date: 1// Short Title: Automated laboratory protocols ISSN: 0169-2607 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0169-2607(95)01709-7 Keywords: Computer-assisted decision making Software design Computer reasoning Automation Clinical laboratory information systems Abstract: A protocol is a program which controls, monitors and modifies the requests for laboratory services during the diagnostic work-up and/or monitoring of a patient. A protocol language and an OS/2 based system for the compilation, interpretation and execution of laboratory protocols written in this language is presented. The system is easily interfaced with any patient data base that supports the structured query language (SQL). A compiled protocol may be assigned to a patient and executed as specified in the protocol itself (regularly and/or when certain events such as test requests or arrival of results, occur). In the laboratory protocol language a patient's data are viewed as a set of test procedure groups each comprising the data (request time, result, etc.) describing the status of one or more simultaneously made laboratory test requests. A pattern specification is a statement saying that a sequence of test procedure groups of specified types and ages is present in the data. Pattern specifications are linked to Boolean variables. If a pattern matching a pattern specification is found in the patient's database the corresponding Boolean variable is set equal to TRUE. The Boolean variables are utilized in the decision logic of the protocol. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0169260795017097 Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8451 Author: Cao, Mukun, Luo, Xudong, Luo, Xin and Dai, Xiaopei Year: 2015 Title: Automated negotiation for e-commerce decision making: A goal deliberated agent architecture for multi-strategy selection Journal: Decision Support Systems Volume: 73 Pages: 1-14 Date: 5// Short Title: Automated negotiation for e-commerce decision making: A goal deliberated agent architecture for multi-strategy selection ISSN: 0167-9236 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dss.2015.02.012 Keywords: Automated negotiation Negotiating agent Agent architecture Negotiation strategy selection Belief–desire–intention model Goal deliberation Abstract: Automated negotiation plays an important role in dynamic trading in e-commerce. Its research largely focuses on negotiation protocol and strategy design. There is a paucity of further scientific investigation and a pressing need on the implementation of multi-strategy selection, which is crucially useful in human–computer negotiation to achieve better online negotiation outcomes. The lack of such studies has decelerated the process of applying automated negotiation to real world problems. To address the critical issue, this paper develops a multi-strategy negotiating agent system. More specifically, we formally define the agent's conceptual model, and design its abstract software architecture. Grounded on the integration of the time-dependent and behavior-dependent tactics, we also develop a multi-strategy selection theoretical model and algorithm. To demonstrate the effectiveness of this model algorithm, we implement a prototype and conduct numerous experiments. The experimental analysis not only confirms our model's effectiveness but also reveals some insights into future work about human–computer negotiation systems, which will be widely used in the future B2C e-commerce. Notes: (Robert) URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167923615000329 Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 8005 Author: Cosmo, Roberto Di, Lienhardt, Michael, Treinen, Ralf, Zacchiroli, Stefano, Zwolakowski, Jakub, Eiche, Antoine and Agahi, Alexis Year: 2014 Title: Automated synthesis and deployment of cloud applications Conference Name: Proceedings of the 29th ACM/IEEE international conference on Automated software engineering Conference Location: Vasteras, Sweden Publisher: ACM Pages: 211-222 DOI: 10.1145/2642937.2642980 Place Published: 2642980 Abstract: Complex networked applications are assembled by connecting software components distributed across multiple machines. Building and deploying such systems is a challenging problem which requires a significant amount of expertise: the system architect must ensure that all component dependencies are satisfied, avoid conflicting components, and add the right amount of component replicas to account for quality of service and fault-tolerance. In a cloud environment, one also needs to minimize the virtual resources provisioned upfront, to reduce the cost of operation. Once the full architecture is designed, it is necessary to correctly orchestrate the deployment phase, to ensure all components are started and connected in the right order. We present a toolchain that automates the assembly and deployment of such complex distributed applications. Given as input a high-level specification of the desired system, the set of available components together with their requirements, and the maximal amount of virtual resources to be committed, it synthesizes the full architecture of the system, placing components in an optimal manner using the minimal number of available machines, and automatically deploys the complete system in a cloud environment. Notes: building system instead of behavior Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8572 Author: Dong, Jing, Peng, Tu and Zhao, Yajing Year: 2010 Title: Automated verification of security pattern compositions Journal: Information and Software Technology Volume: 52 Issue: 3 Pages: 274-295 Date: 3// Short Title: Automated verification of security pattern compositions ISSN: 0950-5849 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.infsof.2009.10.001 Keywords: Design pattern Security Logics Process algebra Model checking Abstract: Software security becomes a critically important issue for software development when more and more malicious attacks explore the security holes in software systems. To avoid security problems, a large software system design may reuse good security solutions by applying security patterns. Security patterns document expert solutions to common security problems and capture best practices on secure software design and development. Although each security pattern describes a good design guideline, the compositions of these security patterns may be inconsistent and encounter problems and flaws. Therefore, the compositions of security patterns may be even insecure. In this paper, we present an approach to automated verification of the compositions of security patterns by model checking. We formally define the behavioral aspect of security patterns in CCS through their sequence diagrams. We also prove the faithfulness of the transformation from a sequence diagram to its CCS representation. In this way, the properties of the security patterns can be checked by a model checker when they are composed. Composition errors and problems can be discovered early in the design stage. We also use two case studies to illustrate our approach and show its capability to detect composition errors. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0950584909001724 Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8423 Author: Chong, Chun Yong and Lee, Sai Peck Year: 2017 Title: Automatic clustering constraints derivation from object-oriented software using weighted complex network with graph theory analysis Journal: Journal of Systems and Software Volume: 133 Pages: 28-53 Date: 11// Short Title: Automatic clustering constraints derivation from object-oriented software using weighted complex network with graph theory analysis ISSN: 0164-1212 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jss.2017.08.017 Keywords: Constrained clustering Software clustering Software remodularisation Graph theory Complex network Abstract: Constrained clustering or semi-supervised clustering has received a lot of attention due to its flexibility of incorporating minimal supervision of domain experts or side information to help improve clustering results of classic unsupervised clustering techniques. In the domain of software remodularisation, classic unsupervised software clustering techniques have proven to be useful to aid in recovering a high-level abstraction of the software design of poorly documented or designed software systems. However, there is a lack of work that integrates constrained clustering for the same purpose to help improve the modularity of software systems. Nevertheless, due to time and budget constraints, it is laborious and unrealistic for domain experts who have prior knowledge about the software to review each and every software artifact and provide supervision on an on-demand basis. We aim to fill this research gap by proposing an automated approach to derive clustering constraints from the implicit structure of software system based on graph theory analysis of the analysed software. Evaluations conducted on 40 open-source object-oriented software systems show that the proposed approach can serve as an alternative solution to derive clustering constraints in situations where domain experts are non-existent, thus helping to improve the overall accuracy of clustering results. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0164121217301772 Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 8905 Author: Jung, E., Kapoor, C. and Batory, D. Year of Conference: 2005 Title: Automatic code generation for actuator interfacing from a declarative specification Conference Name: 2005 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems Pages: 2839-2844 Date: 2-6 Aug. 2005 Short Title: Automatic code generation for actuator interfacing from a declarative specification ISBN: 2153-0858 DOI: 10.1109/IROS.2005.1545465 Keywords: actuators formal specification graphical user interfaces inheritance object-oriented programming program compilers robot dynamics robot kinematics robot programming GUI OSCAR actuator interfacing automatic code generation class composition decision making declarative specification feature-oriented programming generative programming graphical user interface hardware interfacing object composition operational software components for advanced robotics product line architecture program generation robot control software robot controller software software design software engineering Hardware Kinematics Object oriented modeling Packaging Robot control Robotics and automation Software packages Software performance Feature Oriented Programming Product Line Robotics Abstract: Common software design practices use object-oriented (OO) frameworks that structure software in terms of objects, classes, and packages; designers then create programs by inheritance and composition of classes and objects. Operational software components for advanced robotics (OSCAR) is one such framework for robot control software with abstractions for generalized kinematics, dynamics, performance criteria, decision making, and hardware interfacing. Even with OSCAR, writing new programs still requires a significant amount of manual labor. Feature-oriented programming (FOP) is method for software design that models and specifies programs in terms of features, where a feature encapsulates the common design decisions that occur in a domain. A set of features then forms a domain model for a product line architecture. Product variants in this product line can then be generated from a declarative specification. FOP and related technologies are emerging software engineering techniques for automatically generating programs. Our research applies FOP to robot controller software. As an example, the domain of hardware interfacing is analyzed and 41 features identified. A GUI for specifying and generating programs is presented as well. Analysis of features shows 200 possible different programs could be generated. Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9190 Author: Wang, J., Kim, S. K. and Carrington, D. Year of Conference: 2008 Title: Automatic Generation of Test Models for Model Transformations Conference Name: 19th Australian Conference on Software Engineering (aswec 2008) Pages: 432-440 Date: 26-28 March 2008 Short Title: Automatic Generation of Test Models for Model Transformations ISBN: 1530-0803 DOI: 10.1109/ASWEC.2008.4483232 Keywords: automatic testing program testing program verification automatic test generation eclipse modeling framework model driven architecture model transformations software design approach software systems source code Australia Automation Computer architecture Electronic mail Information technology Prototypes Software design Software engineering Software testing Automatic Test Model Generation Testing Model Transformations Abstract: The model driven architecture (MDA) is a software design approach initiated by OMG. MDA is intended to support model driven engineering of software systems. Under MDA, the central artifacts are models which are transformed to include platform-specific detail, and eventually to source code. Therefore, model transformations play a key role in making MDA succeed. However, much less attention has been given to the need to ensure that model transformations generate the intended results. This paper explores validation and verification of model transformations using testing techniques. The paper describes the steps for generating test input models from a given set of transformation rules and the corresponding source metamodel(s). The process of testing model transformations has been implemented in a prototype tool that is built using the eclipse modeling framework (EMF). Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8545 Author: Coronato, Antonio, d'Acierno, Antonio and De Pietro, Giuseppe Year: 2005 Title: Automatic implementation of constraints in component based applications Journal: Information and Software Technology Volume: 47 Issue: 7 Pages: 497-509 Date: 5/15/ Short Title: Automatic implementation of constraints in component based applications ISSN: 0950-5849 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.infsof.2004.09.015 Keywords: Component engineering Automatic constraints implementation Component modeling Development process Abstract: Component-based software architectures have become one of the predominant solutions in the software technologies scenario. As well, constraints have been assuming an ever more relevant role in modeling distributed systems as long as business rules implementation, design-by-contract practice, and fault-tolerance requirements are concerned. Nevertheless, component developers are not sufficiently supported by existing tools to implement these features. We address such a deficiency and we propose some implementation patterns to translate constraint models into source code and two automatic tools: the Component Constraint Modeler (CoCoMod) and the Component Constraint Generator (CoCoGen). CoCoMod enables designers to specify both component interfaces and constraints as visual UML models and automatically generates textual models for interfaces and constraints. CoCoGen executes the implementation patters to translate constraint models into source code. A simple case study is presented in order to show an application of the proposed approach. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0950584904001442 Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9288 Author: Lu, S., Cai, Z. J., Cao, X. L., Zeng, G. R. and Liu, T. Year of Conference: 2007 Title: Automatic Ranging System of Vehicles with Risk Estimation and Decision Making Based on MPC5200 Conference Name: 2007 IEEE International Conference on Control Applications Pages: 449-454 Date: 1-3 Oct. 2007 Short Title: Automatic Ranging System of Vehicles with Risk Estimation and Decision Making Based on MPC5200 ISBN: 1085-1992 DOI: 10.1109/CCA.2007.4389272 Keywords: decision making optical radar risk management road vehicles traffic engineering computing MPC5200 laser-lidar ranging method optical-mechanical-electrical automatic ranging system risk estimation vehicles automatic ranging system Acoustic sensors Automatic control Computer architecture Control systems Detectors Laser radar Microprocessors Vehicle detection Vehicle safety Abstract: Based on the structure and theory of optical-mechanical-electrical automatic ranging system of vehicles, paper has a discussion and research of the architecture and design of auto ranging system with risk estimation and decision making basing on MPC5200, which includes hardware architecture, software architecture and key technology, etc. The system adopts the laser-lidar ranging method to get a high precision and it presents a method of mounting the reflecting points on the rotating bearing to enhance the accuracy of speed checking. We also considered the solution of dealing with all kinds of road surfaces. Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9250 Author: Weinreich, R. and Buchgeher, G. Year of Conference: 2014 Title: Automatic Reference Architecture Conformance Checking for SOA-Based Software Systems Conference Name: 2014 IEEE/IFIP Conference on Software Architecture Pages: 95-104 Date: 7-11 April 2014 Short Title: Automatic Reference Architecture Conformance Checking for SOA-Based Software Systems DOI: 10.1109/WICSA.2014.22 Keywords: conformance testing formal specification program diagnostics service-oriented architecture software reusability software standards SOA-based software systems architecture extraction architecture information automatic reference architecture conformance checking banking domain checking process company-wide reference architectures reference architecture specifications reuse role mapping rule evaluation software architecture representation standardization Computer architecture Object oriented modeling Protocols Software systems Unified modeling language conformance checking reference architecture service-oriented architecture (SOA) software architecture Abstract: Company-wide reference architectures are an important means for standardization and reuse. Standardization is enforced through reference architecture conformance checking. Manual conformance checking is too time- and resource-intensive to be performed continuously for the various systems that are part of a SOA. We present an approach for automatic reference architecture conformance checking of SOA-based software systems. Reference architectures are defined based on rules consisting of roles and of constraints on roles and role relationships. By mapping the roles to the elements of a software architecture representation, reference architecture specifications are reusable for different software systems. Through automating the whole checking process, including architecture extraction, role mapping, and rule evaluation, the approach can be applied continuously for the different systems that are part of a SOA. The approach has been developed and refined by applying it to a SOA in the banking domain. During its evolution from semi-automatic to a fully automatic approach it has also changed the way of how architecture information is provided as part of the system implementation in this domain. Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9021 Author: Nagiub, M. and Farag, W. Year of Conference: 2013 Title: Automatic selection of compiler options using genetic techniques for embedded software design Conference Name: 2013 IEEE 14th International Symposium on Computational Intelligence and Informatics (CINTI) Pages: 69-74 Date: 19-21 Nov. 2013 Short Title: Automatic selection of compiler options using genetic techniques for embedded software design DOI: 10.1109/CINTI.2013.6705166 Keywords: embedded systems genetic algorithms program compilers software selection CPU load requirements ROM size chromosomes selection code size optimization compiler options automatic selection design requirements embedded software design genetic techniques genetics operator pass-over operator software design process Biological cells Classification algorithms Genetics Optimization Sociology Software Statistics Abstract: ROM size and CPU load are considered as critical resources for the software design process of the embedded software. Thus it is necessary to produce software that follows specific ROM and CPU load requirements. Compiler options play major role in the optimization of code size and CPU load of the software. Selection of the best compiler option-set that provides the required code size and CPU load is a challenging process due to the wide range of options provided by modern compilers. In this paper we are providing a new technique that enables the designers to select automatically the best compiler options set that matches their design requirements based on genetic techniques. We have also added a new genetics operator called pass-over operator to enhance the chromosomes selection for the next generation. Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 9404 Author: Wurtz, F., Bigeon, J., Coulomb, J. L. and Eustache, P. Year: 1995 Title: Automatic task optimisation for finite element loop computations: an expert tool Journal: IEEE Transactions on Magnetics Volume: 31 Issue: 3 Pages: 1678-1683 Short Title: Automatic task optimisation for finite element loop computations: an expert tool ISSN: 0018-9464 DOI: 10.1109/20.376358 Keywords: expert systems finite element analysis mathematics computing optimisation automatic task optimisation computation time expert tool finite element loop computations parametrized loop finite element studies software architecture Assembly systems Equations Finite element methods Linear systems Mesh generation Physics computing Shape Software algorithms Spatial databases Abstract: Our problem is to optimise the computation time in parametrized loop finite element studies. The idea is to avoid computing finite element tasks again, the results of which are constant in each successive computation. This paper describes a model of knowledge and a software architecture for an expert tool to do this automatically Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 8930 Author: Xia, Mingfei, Wang, Hongfeng and Xia, Mingqi Year of Conference: 2011 Title: Automatic test system for some kind general electronic equipment Conference Name: IEEE 2011 10th International Conference on Electronic Measurement & Instruments Volume: 2 Pages: 73-75 Date: 16-19 Aug. 2011 Short Title: Automatic test system for some kind general electronic equipment DOI: 10.1109/ICEMI.2011.6037768 Keywords: automatic test equipment expert systems fault diagnosis hardware-software codesign VXI technology automatic test system expert system general electronic equipment hardware design software system Computers Databases Hardware Instruments Knowledge based systems Software VXI automatic test electronic equipment Abstract: The advancement of test system for electronic equipment must keep pace with the complexity of modern electronic equipment. VXI bus technology has been becoming the mainstream of computer test and control, and also is the core of standardization for automatic test equipment. A kind of automatic test equipment for general electronic system based on VXI technology is presented in this paper. The hardware design and software system are discussed and the system performance is also analyzed. The software design requirement of fault diagnosis based on expert system is also introduced. Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 8875 Author: Baojiang, Sun and Zuoxun, Wang Year of Conference: 2011 Title: Automatic Testing System for airborne communication equipments Conference Name: 2011 International Conference on Electric Information and Control Engineering Pages: 3040-3043 Date: 15-17 April 2011 Short Title: Automatic Testing System for airborne communication equipments DOI: 10.1109/ICEICE.2011.5778036 Keywords: automatic test equipment fault diagnosis software architecture telecommunication equipment testing airborne communication equipments automatic testing system fault diagnosis subsystem Atmospheric modeling Automatic testing Communication equipment Computers Extraterrestrial measurements Military computing ATS Modeling TPS Abstract: An Automatic Testing System for airborne communication equipment is introduced in this paper. System hardware design is the embodiment of generalization, standardization and modularization designing ideas. The Modeling method is adopted in software architecture that accomplishes the generalization and expansibility of system. As the most important factor of ATS cost, TPS can be built automatically and be independent of instrument interchange. Fault diagnosis subsystem is an intelligent, learning and rule-based expert system. The system can perform automatic test and fault diagnosis of seven types of airborne communication equipments; it can also be applied to other communication equipments after proper adapter being completed. Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9313 Author: Tashk, A., Helfroush, M. and Karimi, V. Year of Conference: 2012 Title: An automatic traffic control system based on simultaneous Persian license plate recognition and driver fingerprint identification Conference Name: 2012 20th Telecommunications Forum (TELFOR) Pages: 1729-1732 Date: 20-22 Nov. 2012 Short Title: An automatic traffic control system based on simultaneous Persian license plate recognition and driver fingerprint identification DOI: 10.1109/TELFOR.2012.6419561 Keywords: automobiles feature extraction fingerprint identification natural language processing optical character recognition road traffic control software architecture transportation Euclidian distance criterion Farsi character recognition Persian character recognition Persian license plate recognition automatic car plate recognition automatic traffic control system car driver authority car plate extraction character extraction digital image processing driver fingerprint identification driver verification driving fluency fingerprint biometric functionality improvement low-light conditions normalized cross-correlation privacy limitations security limitations shiny conditions traffic lights transportation guidance Character recognition Fingerprint recognition Image recognition Licenses Traffic control Vehicles Euclidian distance Farsi or Persian characters License plate recognition system Abstract: Traffic control systems such as traffic lights play an inevitable role in the current world's transportation guidance and driving fluency. In this paper, an automatic traffic control system based on advance software architecture is proposed. In the proposed architecture, automatic car plate recognition and driver verification based on fingerprint biometric are mixed with each other. The license plate recognition part is adapted for Persian or Farsi characters. The persian or farsi characters recognition is done by a very simple Normalized cross correlation which is very analogous to Euclidian distance criterion. To improve the functionality of this platform, some special and innovative digital image processing are employed so that the program is able to extract and recognize the car plate and its related characters even if in the low light or shiny conditions. The fingerprint recognition system is also added to the proposed traffic control system to ensure the authority of the car driver to enter to the places with high privacy and security limitations. The simulation results demonstrate the efficiency and suitable performance of the proposed automatic traffic control system. Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9129 Author: Li, X., Wang, S., Tan, J., Ye, J., Si, X. and Li, M. Year of Conference: 2010 Title: Automatic Wireless Embedded Projector Player System Conference Name: 2010 International Conference on Multimedia Technology Pages: 1-5 Date: 29-31 Oct. 2010 Short Title: Automatic Wireless Embedded Projector Player System DOI: 10.1109/ICMULT.2010.5630323 Keywords: display devices embedded systems optical projectors radio networks USB storage port automatic embedded projector player system remote control wireless network Hardware Servers Software packages Universal Serial Bus Wireless networks Abstract: We present an automatic embedded projector player system with wireless network. Embedded system substitutes for the personal computer system, the latter usually plays role of player for projector nowadays. The player system solves the problem of cable complex layout of projector by using the wireless network. We also recommend a new remote control handle with wireless network and USB storage port, which can and read files from flash disk and upload these files to player system, and can operate the player system of projector completely. It has advantages of no PC, low cost, low power consumption, and high convenient. This paper gives the hardware and software architecture of the player system, and discusses the design in detail. At last, we show a prototype, and experiments were demonstrated the validity of the proposed system. Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 7918 Author: Kr, Ingolf H., #252, ger, Lee, Gunny and Meisinger, Michael Year: 2006 Title: Automating software architecture exploration with M2Aspects Conference Name: Proceedings of the 2006 international workshop on Scenarios and state machines: models, algorithms, and tools Conference Location: Shanghai, China Publisher: ACM Pages: 51-58 DOI: 10.1145/1138953.1138964 Place Published: 1138964 Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 7963 Author: Freeman, Peter Year: 1973 Title: Automating software design Conference Name: Proceedings of the 10th Design Automation Workshop Publisher: IEEE Press Pages: 62-67 Place Published: 804000 Abstract: The author summarizes the Workshop on Automating Software Design, held August 25, 1988, at the annual conference of the America Association for Artificial Intelligence. Sixty researchers from North America, Europe, and Japan met to discuss recent advances in knowledge-based software engineering. The interests of participants ranged from using AI techniques for managing large software projects to automatic programming. Notes: just summary - exclude quality criteria Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8714 Author: Fiers, Tom, Maes, Viviane and Sevens, Claude Year: 1996 Title: Automation of toxicological screenings on a Hewlett Packard Chemstation GC-MS system Journal: Clinical Biochemistry Volume: 29 Issue: 4 Pages: 357-361 Date: 8// Short Title: Automation of toxicological screenings on a Hewlett Packard Chemstation GC-MS system ISSN: 0009-9120 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0009-9120(96)00044-6 Keywords: toxicology GC-MS expert system decision analysis software design Hewlett Packard automation Abstract: Objectives: To optimize the interpretation of GC-MS toxicological screenings (i.e., to facilitate ion specific queries, create custom reports specifically adapted to each confirmation procedure, and eliminate redundant and/or inaccurate data on library search reports). Design and Methods: The MS Chemstation software of the Hewlett Packard 5972 is constructed in a modular way. We made extensive modifications to two modules, the data analysis and the report modules, using the built-in MS Chemstation macro language. Results: Ion specific queries were automated for over 60 commonly encountered analytes. Custom reports were created for the confirmation of positive drugs-of-abuse immunoassay results. With the incorporation of decision support rules into the data processing and the reporting phases, we obtained sensitive, accurate, and concise reports. Conclusions: The MS Chemstation software can be tailored to the needs of each individual application. The incorporation of a rule-based decision support system enhances the quality of the GC-MS toxicological screenings and results in faster, easier, and more reliable processing. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0009912096000446 Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 8841 Author: Bickley, M., Bryan, D. A. and White, K. S. Year of Conference: 1999 Title: The Automator: intelligent control system monitoring Conference Name: Proceedings of the 1999 Particle Accelerator Conference (Cat. No.99CH36366) Volume: 2 Pages: 735-737 vol.2 Date: 1999 Short Title: The Automator: intelligent control system monitoring DOI: 10.1109/PAC.1999.795338 Keywords: accelerator control systems client-server systems distributed control intelligent control Automator graphical design tools intelligent control system monitoring large scale control system middleware software server repetitive operations Automatic control Computerized monitoring Control systems Engines Fatigue Humans Large-scale systems Middleware Software tools Abstract: A large scale control system may contain several hundred thousand control points which must be monitored to ensure smooth operation. Knowledge of the current state of such a system is often implicit in the values of these points and operators must be cognizant of the state while making decisions. Repetitive operations requiring human intervention lead to fatigue, which can in turn lead to mistakes. The authors propose a tool called the Automator based on a middleware software server. This tool would provide a user configurable engine for monitoring control points. Based on the status of these control points, a specified action could be taken. The action could range from setting another control point, to triggering an alarm, to running an executable. Often the data presented by a system is meaningless without context information from other channels. Such a tool could be configured to present interpreted information based on values of other channels. Additionally, this tool could translate numerous values in a non friendly form (such as numbers, bits, or return codes) into meaningful strings of information. Multiple instances of this server could be run, allowing individuals or groups to configure their own Automators. The configuration of the tool will be file based. In the future these files could be generated by graphical design tools, allowing for rapid development of new configurations. In addition the server will be able to explicitly maintain information about the state of the control system. This state information can be used in decision making processes and shared with other applications. A conceptual frame work and software design for the tool are presented Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8427 Author: Pelliccione, Patrizio, Knauss, Eric, Heldal, Rogardt, Magnus Ågren, S., Mallozzi, Piergiuseppe, Alminger, Anders and Borgentun, Daniel Year: 2017 Title: Automotive Architecture Framework: The experience of Volvo Cars Journal: Journal of Systems Architecture Volume: 77 Pages: 83-100 Date: 6// Short Title: Automotive Architecture Framework: The experience of Volvo Cars ISSN: 1383-7621 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sysarc.2017.02.005 Keywords: Architecture framework Software architecture Automotive domain Systems of Systems Continuous integration and deployment Automotive ecosystem Abstract: The automotive domain is living an extremely challenging historical moment shocked by many emerging business and technological needs. Electrification, autonomous driving, and connected cars are some of the driving needs in this changing world. Increasingly, vehicles are becoming software-intensive complex systems and most of the innovation within the automotive industry is based on electronics and software. Modern vehicles can have over 100 Electronic Control Units (ECUs), which are small computers, together executing gigabytes of software. ECUs are connected to each other through several networks within the car, and the car is increasingly connected with the outside world. These novelties ask for a change on how the software is engineered and produced and for a disruptive renovation of the electrical and software architecture of the car. In this paper we describe the current investigation of Volvo Cars to create an architecture framework able to cope with the complexity and needs of present and future vehicles. Specifically, we present scenarios that describe demands for the architectural framework and introduce three new viewpoints that need to be taken into account for future architectural decisions: Continuous Integration and Deployment, Ecosystem and Transparency, and car as a constituent of a System of Systems. Our results are based on a series of focus groups with experts in automotive engineering and architecture from different companies and universities. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1383762117300954 Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8364 Author: Sporer, Harald and Brenner, Eugen Year: 2016 Title: An automotive E/E system domain-specific modelling approach with various tool support Journal: SIGAPP Appl. Comput. Rev. Volume: 16 Issue: 1 Pages: 5-14 Short Title: An automotive E/E system domain-specific modelling approach with various tool support ISSN: 1559-6915 DOI: 10.1145/2924715.2924716 Legal Note: 2924716 Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8559 Author: Pandey, Suraj, Voorsluys, William, Niu, Sheng, Khandoker, Ahsan and Buyya, Rajkumar Year: 2012 Title: An autonomic cloud environment for hosting ECG data analysis services Journal: Future Generation Computer Systems Volume: 28 Issue: 1 Pages: 147-154 Date: 1// Short Title: An autonomic cloud environment for hosting ECG data analysis services ISSN: 0167-739X DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.future.2011.04.022 Keywords: Autonomic middleware ECG analysis Cloud computing Abstract: Advances in sensor technology, personal mobile devices, wireless broadband communications, and Cloud computing are enabling real-time collection and dissemination of personal health data to patients and health-care professionals anytime and from anywhere. Personal mobile devices, such as PDAs and mobile phones, are becoming more powerful in terms of processing capabilities and information management and play a major role in peoples daily lives. This technological advancement has led us to design a real-time health monitoring and analysis system that is Scalable and Economical for people who require frequent monitoring of their health. In this paper, we focus on the design aspects of an autonomic Cloud environment that collects peoples health data and disseminates them to a Cloud-based information repository and facilitates analysis on the data using software services hosted in the Cloud. To evaluate the software design we have developed a prototype system that we use as an experimental testbed on a specific use case, namely, the collection of electrocardiogram (ECG) data obtained at real-time from volunteers to perform basic ECG beat analysis. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167739X11000732 Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8643 Author: Narasimhan, Sriram, Balaban, Edward, Daigle, Matthew, Roychoudhury, Indranil, Sweet, Adam, Celaya, Jose and Goebel, Kai Year: 2012 Title: Autonomous Decision Making for Planetary Rovers Using Diagnostic and Prognostic Information Journal: IFAC Proceedings Volumes Volume: 45 Issue: 20 Pages: 289-294 Date: 1// Short Title: Autonomous Decision Making for Planetary Rovers Using Diagnostic and Prognostic Information ISSN: 1474-6670 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3182/20120829-3-MX-2028.00243 Keywords: autonomous decision making diagnosis prognosis planetary rover Abstract: Rover missions typically involve visiting a set of predetermined waypoints to perform science functions, such as sample collection. Given the communication delay between Earth and the rover, and the possible occurrence of faults, an autonomous decision making system is essential to ensure that the rover maximizes the scientific operations performed without damaging itself further or stalling. This paper presents a modular software architecture for autonomous decision making for rover operations that uses diagnostic and prognostic information to influence mission planning and decision making to maximize the completion of mission objectives. The decision making system consists of separate modules that perform the functions of control, diagnosis, prognosis, and decision making. We demonstrate our implementation of this architecture on a simulated rover testbed. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1474667016347693 Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 8928 Author: Evans, J., Redmond, P., Plakas, C., Hamilton, K. and Lane, D. Year of Conference: 2003 Title: Autonomous docking for Intervention-AUVs using sonar and video-based real-time 3D pose estimation Conference Name: Oceans 2003. Celebrating the Past ... Teaming Toward the Future (IEEE Cat. No.03CH37492) Volume: 4 Pages: 2201-2210 Vol.4 Date: 22-26 Sept. 2003 Short Title: Autonomous docking for Intervention-AUVs using sonar and video-based real-time 3D pose estimation DOI: 10.1109/OCEANS.2003.178243 Keywords: oceanographic techniques real-time systems remote sensing remotely operated vehicles sonar detection sonar tracking underwater vehicles video signal processing 3D pose reconstruction autonomous docking distributed software architecture hover capable AUV intervention AUV physical manipulation real-time control sonar subsea structures tracking video sensor processing video-based real-time 3D pose estimation Kelvin Laboratories Mobile robots Monitoring Oceans Prototypes Real time systems Sea measurements Abstract: An Intervention-AUV (or I-AUV), is a hover capable AUV whose primary role is direct contact with subsea structures for measurement or physical manipulation of components. The aim of the ALIVE project is to develop an Intervention-AUV capable of docking to a subsea structure which has not been specifically modified for AUV use. This paper describes the modular structure of the ALIVE AUV, including its distributed software architecture and in particular the ADS (Autonomous Docking System). It then outlines the sonar and video sensor processing techniques used for real-time control of the AUV to perform tracking and 3D pose reconstruction. In addition, details of the system tests and practical trials used in the development process are described. Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 8839 Author: Acosta, G. G., Curti, H. J. and Calvo, O. A. Year of Conference: 2005 Title: Autonomous underwater pipeline inspection in AUTOTRACKER PROJECT: the navigation module Conference Name: Europe Oceans 2005 Volume: 1 Pages: 389-394 Vol. 1 Date: 20-23 June 2005 Short Title: Autonomous underwater pipeline inspection in AUTOTRACKER PROJECT: the navigation module DOI: 10.1109/OCEANSE.2005.1511746 Keywords: submarine cables underwater vehicles AUTOTRACKER PROJECT North Sea autonomous underwater pipeline inspection navigation module software architecture underwater vehicle Expert systems Face Humans Inspection Navigation Pipelines Remotely operated vehicles Robustness Abstract: This paper presents the design considerations and posterior development of the software architecture for the autonomous navigation of an underwater vehicle. Particularly, the desired trajectory generation module is described. The vehicle is robust enough to allow surveys at depths of several thousands of meters. The objective of the project was to evaluate experimentally if the current technology is able to face autonomous inspections in deep water, practically with minimum human intervention. Recent trials were performed successfully in the North Sea. The article presents the navigation module, from its initial form, as a state machine to its actual implementation stage, based on an expert system. Results of this module performance from these sea trials are discussed. Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8314 Author: Suscheck, Charles A. and Komar, Gregory J. Year: 1992 Title: AUTOSPEC: Automatic Motor Specification System Journal: SIGPLAN OOPS Mess. Volume: 4 Issue: 2 Pages: 9-11 Short Title: AUTOSPEC: Automatic Motor Specification System ISSN: 1055-6400 DOI: 10.1145/157710.157711 Legal Note: 157711 Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 8315 Author: Suscheck, Charles A. and Komar, Gregory J. Year: 1992 Title: AUTOSPEC: Automatic Motor Specification System Conference Name: Addendum to the proceedings on Object-oriented programming systems, languages, and applications (Addendum) Conference Location: Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada Publisher: ACM Pages: 9-11 DOI: 10.1145/157709.157711 Place Published: 157711 Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9340 Author: Bäuml, M. and Stiefelhagen, R. Year of Conference: 2011 Title: AVSS 2011 demo session: Interactive person-retrieval in a distributed camera network Conference Name: 2011 8th IEEE International Conference on Advanced Video and Signal Based Surveillance (AVSS) Pages: 525-526 Date: Aug. 30 2011-Sept. 2 2011 Short Title: AVSS 2011 demo session: Interactive person-retrieval in a distributed camera network DOI: 10.1109/AVSS.2011.6027399 Abstract: Summary form only given. Two fundamental pillars of Software Engineering practice are formalism and structure. Formalism allows engineers to reason rigorously about the system in hand; structure allows them to understand its purposes and behaviours. In the constructive activity of system development structure must therefore take precedence. The central role of formalism is to check and verify — or, where necessary, correct — the products of more informal modes of thought. In this talk these ideas are explored in the context of an illustrative system. The large structure of the system functionality is discussed, together with the nature of the components of that structure. Informal criteria of functional simplicity are presented. The inescapable mismatch between an intelligible functional structure and implementable software architecture is exposed. The role of formalism in these concerns is suggested. Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8961 Author: Souza, C. R. B. de and Redmiles, D. F. Year: 2011 Title: The Awareness Network, To Whom Should I Display My Actions? And, Whose Actions Should I Monitor? Journal: IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering Volume: 37 Issue: 3 Pages: 325-340 Short Title: The Awareness Network, To Whom Should I Display My Actions? And, Whose Actions Should I Monitor? ISSN: 0098-5589 DOI: 10.1109/TSE.2011.19 Keywords: groupware software architecture CSCW awareness network computer-supported cooperative work ethnographic data organizational setting project age social actor software development Collaboration Interviews Monitoring Programming Servers Software organizational management and coordination programming environments programming teams tools. Abstract: The concept of awareness plays a pivotal role in research in Computer-Supported Cooperative Work. Recently, software engineering researchers interested in the collaborative nature of software development have explored the implications of this concept in the design of software development tools. A critical aspect of awareness is the associated coordinative work practices of displaying and monitoring actions. This aspect concerns how colleagues monitor one another's actions to understand how these actions impact their own work and how they display their actions in such a way that others can easily monitor them while doing their own work. In this paper, we focus on an additional aspect of awareness: the identification of the social actors who should be monitored and the actors to whom their actions should be displayed. We address this aspect by presenting software developers' work practices based on ethnographic data from three different software development teams. In addition, we illustrate how these work practices are influenced by different factors, including the organizational setting, the age of the project, and the software architecture. We discuss how our results are relevant for both CSCW and software engineering researchers. Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8523 Author: Suh, Nam P. and Do, Sung-Hee Year: 2000 Title: Axiomatic Design of Software Systems Journal: CIRP Annals Volume: 49 Issue: 1 Pages: 95-100 Date: // Short Title: Axiomatic Design of Software Systems ISSN: 0007-8506 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0007-8506(07)62904-7 Keywords: software axiomatic design Abstract: Software is playing an increasingly important role in manufacturing. Many manufacturing firms have problems with software development. Software engineering is still labor- intensive and prone to errors. Industrial firms are under pressure to shorten the lead-time required in introducing new software, increase the reliability of their software, and increase their market share. Software must be designed correctly from the beginning to end. With this end in mind, axiomatic design theory has been applied to software design. This paper presents how the combination of axiomatic design has been combined with the object-oriented programming method to create a large software system. Notes: special implementation URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0007850607629047 Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8725 Author: Mens, Tom, Schürr, Andy and Taentzer, Gabriele Year: 2002 Title: Barcelona, Spain, October 7-8, 2002: Graph-Based Tools (GraBaTs 2002) Journal: Electronic Notes in Theoretical Computer Science Volume: 72 Issue: 2 Pages: 11-13 Date: 11// Short Title: Barcelona, Spain, October 7-8, 2002: Graph-Based Tools (GraBaTs 2002) ISSN: 1571-0661 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S1571-0661(05)80523-7 Abstract: Graphs are well-known, well-understood, and frequently used means to depict networks of related items. They are successfully used as the underlying mathematical concept in various application domains. In all these domains tools are developed that store, retrieve, manipulate and display graphs as underlying data structures, despite of the fact that in most cases these graphs have a different name such as object diagrams, (meta) class diagrams, hyper documents, semantic webs etc. It is the purpose of this workshop to summarize the state of the art of graph-based tool development, bring together developers of graph-based tools in different application fields and to encourage new tool development cooperations. Motivation Graphs are an obvious means to describe structural aspects in various fields of computer science. They have been successfully used in application areas such as compiler compiler toolkits, constraint solving problems, generation of CASE tools, pattern recognition techniques, program analysis, software engineering, software evolution, software visualization and animation, and visual languages. In all these areas tools have been developed that use graphs as an important underlying data structure. Since graphs are a very general structure mechanism, it is a challenge to handle graphs in an effective way. Using graphs inside tools the following topics play an important role: efficient graph algorithms, empirical and experimental results on the scalability of graphs, reusable graph-manipulating software components, software architectures and frameworks for graph-based tools, standard data exchange formats for graphs, more general graph-based tool integration techniques, and meta CASE tools or generators for graph-based tools. The aim of the workshop on graph-based tools (GraBaTs) is to bring together developers of all kinds of graph-based tools in order to exchange their experiences, problems, and solutions concerning the efficient handling of graphs. The GraBaTs workshop is, therefore, of special relevance for the http://link.springer.de/link/service/series/0558/tocs/t2505.htm 1st Intl. Conference on Graph Transformation (ICGT) which hosts GraBaTs as a satellite event: In many cases the application of graph transformation technology requires the existence of reliable, user-friendly and efficiently working graph transformation tools. These tools in turn have to be built on top of basic services or frameworks for graphs, which are the main topic of our workshop. Today, several graph transformation tool implementations have emerged which do not share any basic graph services (e.g. for graph pattern matching or graph layout purposes) and which implement rather different graph concepts and graph transformation approaches. Some of these tools - as a kind of survey of the state of the art - were presented in a special session, which is part of the main conference as well as of this satellite workshop. The presented tools are AGG, DiaGen, Fujaba, GenGED, and UPGRADE. The GraBaTs workshop was held for 1 12 days. Its schedule contained in addition to the afore-mentioned session on graph transformation tools, an invited talk by Tiziana Margaria (University of Dortmund, Germany) on ETI, an electronic tool integration platform where graph-based tools will play an important role. Apart from four sessions with presentations of 15 accepted papers (out of 19 submissions) on various graph-based tools and tool-relevant topics, a successful discussion ''Towards Standard Exchange Formats for Graph and Graph Transformation'' took place. Workshop Issues The workshop aims at bringing together tool developers from different fields, dealing with graphs from different perspectives. In the following, we give an overview on the most important perspectives. Meta-modeling by Graphs For a long time the syntax and static semantics of most visual modeling or programming languages was only defined by means of characteristic examples and informal descriptions. To improve this situation the visual language community invented grammar-based formalisms for the definition of the syntax of their languages, such as constraint grammars, graph grammars, relational grammars, etc. Unfortunately it turned out that the grammar-based definition of visual languages is rather complicated compared with the meta-modeling approach developed in parallel. The Meta-modeling approach for the definition of visual languages uses a combination of class diagrams (ER-diagrams, etc.) and predicate logic expressions (Z, OCL, etc.) to define the syntax and static semantics of visual languages. It became popular with the standardization of the OO-modeling language UML and is used by various meta-modeling (meta-CASE) tools which are able to generate domain-specific CASE tools. The so-called MOF approach (Meta-Object Facility) is one attempt to come up with a meta-modeling standard. Despite of its limited expressiveness (compared with ER diagrams or UML class diagrams) MOF builds the basis for the formal definition of UML and other visual languages. All meta-modeling approaches used nowadays have one common property: they offer graph-like diagrams for the definition of the structure (syntax) of graph-like diagram languages. Therefore, meta-modeling is in fact the formal definition of graph languages by means of graphs which are instances of “meta” graph languages. As a consequence, meta-CASE tools are a special class of graph-based tools, which need at least basic services for storing, visualizing, and analyzing graphs. Graph Visualization Facilities for visualizing graphs are needed by all kinds of graph-based tools, independent of the fact whether they are e.g. used for meta-modeling or rule-based programming purposes. Furthermore, graph visualization techniques are the most important means for visualizing various aspects of softwarearchitectures, the dynamic behavior of running systems, their evolution history, and so forth. Software components developed for these purposes usually have to deal with huge graphs and need services for making these graphs persistent, for introducing abstractions based on hierarchical graph models, for computing reasonable graph layouts (efficiently), and for displaying graphs effectively using “fish-eye-techniques” and the like. And last but not least, graph visualization techniques are often employed for teaching purposes in computer science courses on “data structures and (graph) algorithms”. To summarize, almost all kinds of graph-based tools urgently need efficiently and effectively working graph visualization services, whereas graph visualization tools may profit from research activities on graph query and graph transformation engines for the computation of graph abstractions or views. We, therefore, hope that this workshop encourages researchers to start new cooperations, such as adapting graph visualization tools to the needs of graph manipulation tools or exploiting graph manipulation and transformation techniques to compute sensible abstractions of huge graphs. Graph Queries and Graph Algorithms Most, if not all, graph-based tools use to a certain degree software components (libraries, subsystems, etc.) for executing graph queries and/or various kinds of standard graph algorithms. For example, graph transformation tools rely on rather sophisticated means for computing graph matches (rule occurrences) and graph-based reverse engineering tools need rather powerful query engines for determining critical substructures of software architectures. On the other hand, quite a number of database management systems have already been developed using graphs (networks of related objects) as the underlying data model and offering query languages based on graph path expressions or even graph transformations. Vice versa, graph transformation languages like PROGRES are not only used for specifying and visualizing graph algorithms, but incorporate many elements of database query languages such as means for the construction of indexes, the materialization and incremental update of views, etc. Therefore, we like to encourage tool developers again to start cooperating across the boundaries of research areas. Graph Transformation Graph transformation means the rule-based manipulation of graphs. Several graph transformation approaches have emerged which differ w.r.t. to the underlying kind of graphs as well as in the way how rules are applied to graphs, i.e. graph transformation takes place. The kind of graphs used by these tools include labeled, directed graphs, hypergraphs, and graph structures. Their rules, the basic means to manipulate graphs, differ w.r.t. to the formal definition of their semantics, the way how occurrences (matches) are searched for, and how matching rules are applied eventually. In tools, graph transformation is applied to visual languages, specification, code generation, verification, restructuring, evolution and programming of software systems, etc. Developers of graph transformation tools may profit from other workshop participants concerning more efficient realizations of basic functionality, while developers of other graph-based tools might find the graph transformation paradigm attractive to implement certain graph manipulations. The workshop may also provide insights to apply these tools to other application domains. Common Exchange Formats for Graphs and Graph Transformation To support interoperability between various graph-based tools, several initiatives on the development of common exchange formats for graphs have been founded. These formats are all based on the extensible markup language XML developed to interchange documents of arbitrary types. Preceding events like three subgroup meetings of the EU Working Group APPLIGRAPH, a Workshop on Standard Exchange Formats, and a satellite workshop of the 8th Intl. Symposium on Graph Drawing (GD 2000)discussed various ideas which are currently converging to one format being GXL. During the GraBaTs workshop a further discussion round on this topic was organized focusing especially on graph layout and graph attributes. Another topic of interest for this discussion is an exchange format for graph transformation systems called GTXL, which is under development and which will be built on top of GXL. Workshop Organizers The Program Committee of the workshop consists of: Luciano Baresi (Italy) Giuseppe Di Battista (Italy) Ulrik Brandes (Germany) Scott Marshall (The Netherlands) Tom Mens (Belgium) (Co-chair) Andy Schürr (Germany) (Co-chair) Gabriele Taentzer (Germany) (Co-chair) Andreas Winter (Germany) Albert Zündorf (Germany) We are very grateful to Hartmut Ehrig for his help with the organization of the Workshop as satellite event of the 1st Int. Conference on Graph Transformation (ICGT) and to Mike Mislove, one of the Managing Editors of the ENTCS series. Thanks are also due to Fernando Orejas and his local organizers at UPC in Barcelona who supplied preprints of this volume for all workshop participants. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1571066105805237 Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8542 Author: Hu, Wensong, Yang, Xingui and Zuo, Ke Year: 2011 Title: Based Aspect-oriented Petri Nets in Software Engineering Journal: Physics Procedia Volume: 22 Pages: 646-650 Date: // Short Title: Based Aspect-oriented Petri Nets in Software Engineering ISSN: 1875-3892 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phpro.2011.11.100 Keywords: Aspect-oriented object-oriented Petri net Abstract: Aspect Oriented (Aspect-Oriented, referred to as AO) as a new programming technology is increasingly cause for concern. This article describes a number of experts to study the current object-oriented Petri Nets (OO PN) adding aspect-oriented thinking, combined with software design and development cycle, given the aspect-oriented OO PN in software engineering methods and steps. Shows the method of using AO PN government office system software design and development of application examples, and gives some object class, the log section and the application form. As the plane of isolation, reducing the coupling, the use of AO PN ways in different applications will use a combination of each section, allowing code reusability enhancement. OOPN itself can process the software system design and development of effective control to ensure that the software system reliability and standardization. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1875389211007541 Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8551 Author: Laureano-Cruces, Ana Lilia and Espinosa-Paredes, Gilberto Year: 2005 Title: Behavioral design to model a reactive decision of an expert in geothermal wells Journal: International Journal of Approximate Reasoning Volume: 39 Issue: 1 Pages: 1-28 Date: 4// Short Title: Behavioral design to model a reactive decision of an expert in geothermal wells ISSN: 0888-613X DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijar.2004.08.002 Keywords: Cognitive models Behavioral analysis Reactive agents Artificial Intelligence Subjective domain Autonomous action Multi-agent architecture Inverse problem Geothermal wells Temperature formation Abstract: Software design based on agents represents a new perspective for computer science and more specifically, for Artificial Intelligence. It is a new theory that has innovated the analysis, design and implementation of system software. The design of agents poses problems related with: (1) autonomous decision-making process, (2) co-ordination, (3) negotiation, and (4) handling of mental states and communication. In a reactive multi-agent system, the group of agents is subject continually to local changes. These changes are designed by means of behavior rules whose results are influenced by the behavior of the rest of the agents. The design of these rules is inspired by the biological or cognitive sciences. Particularly, the design of cognitive rules corresponds with the principle of rationality; its perspective is focused on the interaction among the agents. One of the objectives of artificial intelligence refers to the development of systems that ease or increase the level of comfort in the daily life of humans. Such is the case for tasks with permanent focus on the input data in convergent methods or systems that help in the decision-making process involved in costly processes. In this paper we propose a design’s of the expert’s decision-making process trough the use of a cognitive model, and fuzzy sets to model the agents’ reactive deliberative process. Software system helps human expert in the estimation of the static formation temperatures. Furthermore, we will present an example based on a behavior developed from an expert in the field of geothermal sciences. The formulation of the human expert knowledge includes uncertainty, which is expressed in terms of fuzzy rules. An attempt to estimate formation temperatures from logged temperatures was solved whit this methodology based on reactive decision model. Thus, mathematically speaking an inverse problem is solved in this way. This paper describes and discusses the first experiences that form part of an incremental project whose final objective is to develop an expert system that allows the prediction of the degree of success of the drilling of geothermal wells. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0888613X04000817 Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8450 Author: Martínez-Fernández, Silverio, Ayala, Claudia P., Franch, Xavier and Marques, Helena Martins Year: 2017 Title: Benefits and drawbacks of software reference architectures: A case study Journal: Information and Software Technology Volume: 88 Pages: 37-52 Date: 8// Short Title: Benefits and drawbacks of software reference architectures: A case study ISSN: 0950-5849 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.infsof.2017.03.011 Keywords: Software architecture Reference architecture Empirical software engineering Case study Benefits Drawbacks Abstract: AbstractContext Software Reference Architectures (SRAs) play a fundamental role for organizations whose business greatly depends on the efficient development and maintenance of complex software applications. However, little is known about the real value and risks associated with SRAs in industrial practice. Objective To investigate the current industrial practice of SRAs in a single company from the perspective of different stakeholders. Method An exploratory case study that investigates the benefits and drawbacks perceived by relevant stakeholders in nine SRAs designed by a multinational software consulting company. Results The study shows the perceptions of different stakeholders regarding the benefits and drawbacks of SRAs (e.g., both SRA designers and users agree that they benefit from reduced development costs; on the contrary, only application builders strongly highlighted the extra learning curve as a drawback associated with mastering SRAs). Furthermore, some of the SRA benefits and drawbacks commonly highlighted in the literature were remarkably not mentioned as a benefit of SRAs (e.g., the use of best practices). Likewise, other aspects arose that are not usually discussed in the literature, such as higher time-to-market for applications when their dependencies on the SRA are managed inappropriately. Conclusions This study aims to help practitioners and researchers to better understand real SRAs projects and the contexts where these benefits and drawbacks appeared, as well as some SRA improvement strategies. This would contribute to strengthening the evidence regarding SRAs and support practitioners in making better informed decisions about the expected SRA benefits and drawbacks. Furthermore, we make available the instruments used in this study and the anonymized data gathered to motivate others to provide similar evidence to help mature SRA research and practice. Notes: specific implementation examined, not the role of architects/designers URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0950584916304438 Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 8336 Author: Arias, Ernesto G., Eden, Hal, Fischer, Gerhard, Gorman, Andrew and Scharff, Eric Year: 1999 Title: Beyond access: informed participation and empowerment Conference Name: Proceedings of the 1999 conference on Computer support for collaborative learning Conference Location: Palo Alto, California Publisher: International Society of the Learning Sciences Pages: 2 Place Published: 1150242 Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8508 Author: Ijadi Bajestani, M., Mousavi, S. M. and Shojaosadati, S. A. Year: 2014 Title: Bioleaching of heavy metals from spent household batteries using Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans: Statistical evaluation and optimization Journal: Separation and Purification Technology Volume: 132 Pages: 309-316 Date: 8/20/ Short Title: Bioleaching of heavy metals from spent household batteries using Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans: Statistical evaluation and optimization ISSN: 1383-5866 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seppur.2014.05.023 Keywords: Bioleaching Heavy metals Spent household batteries Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans Box–Behnken design Optimization Abstract: In this study, spent batteries were selected from municipal waste for bioleaching and extraction of their heavy metals. The bioleaching of nickel, cadmium, and cobalt from Ni–Cd and NiMH batteries was done using Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans, a resistant strain used for bioleaching. The adaptation process was successful and the solid-to-liquid ratio reached 10 g/L (battery powder weight/volume of medium). A Box–Behnken design of response surface methodology (RSM) was used to investigate the effects of initial pH, powder size, and initial Fe3+ concentration on the percentage of metals recovered. The proposed statistical method was used to accurately evaluate the interactions of the factors and their effects on the recovery efficiency of nickel, cadmium and cobalt during bioleaching. Under the specified conditions, up to 99% recovery was observed for each metal, confirming that A. ferrooxidans is an effective toxin resistant microorganism for bio-recovery of heavy metals. Decreasing the initial pH and particle size and increasing the initial Fe3+ concentration led to maximum recovery for nickel and cobalt; while the optimum condition for cadmium was different for Ni and Co. To maximize simultaneous extraction of three metals, the optimum value for initial pH, particle size and initial Fe3+ concentration were obtained 1, 62 μm and 9.7 g/L, respectively. Under these conditions, the recoveries predicted by the software (Design Expert version 7.1.4) were 85.6% for Ni, 66.1% for Cd, and 90.6% for Co. These results were confirmed using a verification experiment at optimum condition, which calculated 87%, 67%, and 93.7% for Ni, Cd and Co, respectively. Due to the distinct chemical characteristics of Cd in contrast with Ni and Co, its recovery in the optimal condition for simultaneous recovery was decreased; in the other words; Cd recovery was higher when it was the sole target for extraction. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1383586614003098 Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9054 Author: Linkens, D. A., Abbod, M. F. and Browne, A. Year of Conference: 1999 Title: Blackboard architecture for intelligent control system Conference Name: Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation, 1999. Proceedings. ETFA '99. 1999 7th IEEE International Conference on Volume: 2 Pages: 1185-1192 vol.2 Date: 1999 Short Title: Blackboard architecture for intelligent control system DOI: 10.1109/ETFA.1999.813123 Keywords: blackboard architecture cryogenics expert systems fuzzy neural nets genetic algorithms intelligent control software architecture temperature control cooling cryogenic plant fuzzy neural networks intelligent control systems Algorithm design and analysis Computer architecture Fuzzy logic Intelligent networks Neural networks System testing Abstract: A blackboard for integrated intelligent control systems (BIICS) software architecture has been developed. The system is designed to simultaneously support multiple heterogeneous intelligent paradigms, such as neural networks, expert systems, fuzzy logic and genetic algorithms. It is shown how such paradigms are assimilated into the software architecture. This paper describes the BIICS system as it utilises intelligent control techniques (neuro-fuzzy and genetic optimisation) for controlling a cryogenic plant used for superconductor testing by cooling the test samples to temperatures below 100 K Reference Type: Book Section Record Number: 8693 Author: Balzert, Helmut Year: 1987 Title: A BLACKBOARD ARCHITECTURE FOR THE REALIZATION OF SOFTWARE-ERGONOMIC DEMANDS A2 - BULLINGER, H.-J Editor: Shackel, B. Book Title: Human–Computer Interaction–INTERACT '87 Place Published: Amsterdam Publisher: North-Holland Pages: 1041-1046 Short Title: A BLACKBOARD ARCHITECTURE FOR THE REALIZATION OF SOFTWARE-ERGONOMIC DEMANDS A2 - BULLINGER, H.-J ISBN: 978-0-444-70304-0 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-444-70304-0.50163-1 Abstract: A flexible software architecture is necessary in order to allow the adaption of the human-computer-interface as well as the application systems to the wishes and abilities of the individual user. The blackboard concept used for the realization of expert systems was modified and extended for the human-computer-interface and the application systems. There is a separate blackboard for the I/0 layer, for the dialog layer, for the application systems and for the information & consulting system. The blackboards communicate with each other by tasks. Each blackboard consists of one control part and one domain part. The following knowledge bases have been grouped to the domain part: knowledge about each domain area, user model, user intentions, established conventions, system intentions and self-model. One knowledge source contains local control knowledge, the other contains global control knowledge. The latter controls the strategy to activate one of the existing tasks. The architecture was evaluated in two exemplary implementations. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780444703040501631 Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8694 Author: Seviora, R. E. and Dasiewicz, P. Year: 1986 Title: A blackboard-based robot position estimator Journal: Microprocessing and Microprogramming Volume: 18 Issue: 1–5 Pages: 89-95 Date: 12// Short Title: A blackboard-based robot position estimator ISSN: 0165-6074 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0165-6074(86)90031-1 Abstract: This papers presents a software architecture for robot position estimator. The architecture is targeted at applications characterized by multiple, low resolution and erroneous sensory inputs and variability in possible sensor configurations. This may be the case, e.g., with a house robot equipped, for cost reasons, with several inexpensive sensors. The architecture is based on two blackboards. Specialist knowledge sources, which embody signal interpretation and other expertise, cooperatively construct position estimation hypotheses on the domain blackboard. Scheduling knowledge sources opportunistically control the estimating activity based on the data recorded on the control blackboard. In their operation, knowledge sources refer to a database containing customized descriptions of the premises in which the robot works. A prototype position estimator has been implemented on a testbed consisting of a mobile robot with several low cost sensors (Health Hero-1) and a high performance personal computer (IBM PC XT). The prototype position estimator software was written in GCLISP, a subset of Common Lisp. Initial position estimation results are presented and discussed. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0165607486900311 Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9015 Author: Li, C., Huang, L., Chen, L. and Yu, C. Year of Conference: 2013 Title: Breeze/ADL: Graph Grammar Support for an XML-Based Software Architecture Description Language Conference Name: 2013 IEEE 37th Annual Computer Software and Applications Conference Pages: 800-805 Date: 22-26 July 2013 Short Title: Breeze/ADL: Graph Grammar Support for an XML-Based Software Architecture Description Language DOI: 10.1109/COMPSAC.2013.131 Keywords: XML formal specification graph grammars software architecture Breeze graph grammar Breeze-ADL language XML-based software architecture architecture description languages client-server application dynamic evolution extensible markup language graph representations software architecture definition structural model style constraints textual representations Computer architecture Connectors Grammar Ports (Computers) Production Servers Breeze/ADL architecture description language Abstract: Architecture description languages (ADLs) play an important role in specifying the software architectures. While most of these ADLs are unable to deal with the change directly, especially for dynamic evolution of software systems. This paper proposes an XML-based ADL, named Breeze/ADL, which is supported by Breeze Graph Grammar (BGG) - a graph grammar we defined, to describe software architecture and capture the change in the architecture definition. Our approach is explained in two directions. First, we give the basic definitions of Breeze/ADL, and then show how to map the BGG to Breeze/ADL to specify the structural model, style constraints and dynamic evolution. The other direction is that we use a Client/Server application as a running example to demonstrate our approach throughout this paper. In this approach, the software architecture description has both a textual and a graph representations, and the unplanned change can be captured and defined. Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 8199 Author: S, Simo, #228, de and Battarbee, Katja Year: 2000 Title: Bridge for buttons - a GUI design methodology applied in non-GUI consumer product design Conference Name: Proceedings of the 3rd conference on Designing interactive systems: processes, practices, methods, and techniques Conference Location: New York City, New York, USA Publisher: ACM Pages: 208-215 DOI: 10.1145/347642.347719 Place Published: 347719 Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 8215 Author: Perovich, Daniel, Bastarrica, Maria Cecilia and Rojas, Cristian Year: 2009 Title: Brief author index Conference Name: Proceedings of the 2009 ICSE Workshop on Sharing and Reusing Architectural Knowledge Publisher: IEEE Computer Society Pages: 1-3 DOI: 10.1109/shark.2009.5069100 Place Published: 1556962 Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9209 Author: Chowdhury, M. I. and Katchabaw, M. Year of Conference: 2013 Title: Bringing auto dynamic difficulty to commercial games: A reusable design pattern based approach Conference Name: Computer Games: AI, Animation, Mobile, Interactive Multimedia, Educational & Serious Games (CGAMES), 2013 18th International Conference on Pages: 103-110 Date: July 30 2013-Aug. 1 2013 Short Title: Bringing auto dynamic difficulty to commercial games: A reusable design pattern based approach DOI: 10.1109/CGames.2013.6632615 Keywords: computer games object-oriented programming software quality software reusability ADD framework ADD system auto dynamic difficulty commercial games commercial sandbox game Minecraft game-by-game basis optimized development practices player expertise reusable design pattern software design patterns source code video game difficulty level Computers Data structures Detectors Games Measurement Production facilities Software design case study game balancing subjective difficulty video game Abstract: Auto dynamic difficulty (ADD) is the technique of automatically changing the level of difficulty of a video game in real time to match player expertise. Recreating an ADD system on a game-by-game basis is both expensive and time consuming; ultimately limiting its usefulness. Thus, we leverage the benefits of software design patterns to construct an ADD framework. In this paper, we demonstrate that the usage of these design patterns and this framework results in a reusable approach, both in terms of source code and process, based on our experiences with the commercial sandbox game Minecraft. We also discuss the benefits of adopting such an approach in terms of improved software quality and optimized development practices. Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8943 Author: Doshi, B. and Harshavardhana, P. Year: 1998 Title: Broadband network infrastructure of the future: roles of network design tools in technology deployment strategies Journal: IEEE Communications Magazine Volume: 36 Issue: 5 Pages: 60-71 Short Title: Broadband network infrastructure of the future: roles of network design tools in technology deployment strategies ISSN: 0163-6804 DOI: 10.1109/35.667959 Keywords: SONET asynchronous transfer mode broadband networks network topology synchronous digital hierarchy telecommunication computing telecommunication network routing telecommunication traffic ATM INDT SDH algorithmic architecture broadband network infrastructure decision making deployment support tools heterogeneous networks integrated network design tools network design tools network topologies plesiosynchronous digital hierarchy routing software architecture technology deployment strategies traffic types transport infrastructure evolution Broadband communication Capacity planning Costs Design optimization Intelligent networks Software algorithms Technology planning Abstract: The rapid pace of technology introduction in the network infrastructure and services offered on this infrastructure are creating new challenges for telecommunication product and network planners. In particular, a multitude of choices, the unpredictability of future technologies and traffic, the need to operate heterogeneous networks, and the speed of change create a need for a set of tools which allow quantitative evaluation of alternatives quickly in early phases of decision making while allowing the same tools to migrate to more elaborate deployment help during the later stages. We have begun an effort to create such a set of tools under the umbrella of integrated network design tools (INDT). In this article, we describe key challenges and approaches used in INDT to meet these challenges. We also discuss the algorithmic and software architecture of INDT, and illustrate its use via examples from transport infrastructure evolution. Finally, we describe the migration path of INDT to move from early decision help to later deployment support tools. Specific topics discussed include: plesiosynchronous digital hierarchy, SONET/SDH systems, ATM, network topologies, traffic types and routing Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9276 Author: Moore, R. S., Firner, B., Xu, C., Howard, R., Zhang, Y. and Martin, R. P. Year of Conference: 2013 Title: Building a Practical Sensing System Conference Name: 2013 IEEE International Conference on Green Computing and Communications and IEEE Internet of Things and IEEE Cyber, Physical and Social Computing Pages: 693-698 Date: 20-23 Aug. 2013 Short Title: Building a Practical Sensing System DOI: 10.1109/GreenCom-iThings-CPSCom.2013.126 Keywords: Internet computerised instrumentation sensor placement software architecture Internet of Things IoT model system multiple protocols sensing system sensor deployment characteristics sensor hardware Communities Complexity theory Computational modeling Data models Middleware Temperature sensors Abstract: Developing Internet of Things (IoT) applications can be a complex task for many developers, requiring knowledge of sensor hardware, deployment characteristics, network limitations, and multiple protocols. Because of this, IoT development has been largely centered around research scientists and domain experts, with only a limited number of simple applications coming from the broader community. We present a software architecture that seeks to simplify and accelerate the development of IoT applications, making them accessible to a larger community of developers. To keep the system simple yet flexible, it focuses on a limited number of abstractions, relying on the developers and administrators to enforce additional constraints where necessary. We present a model system and a prototype implementation, along with experiences developing applications. Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 8238 Author: Rui, Yong, He, Liwei, Gupta, Anoop and Liu, Qiong Year: 2001 Title: Building an intelligent camera management system Conference Name: Proceedings of the ninth ACM international conference on Multimedia Conference Location: Ottawa, Canada Publisher: ACM Pages: 2-11 DOI: 10.1145/500141.500145 Place Published: 500145 Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8641 Author: Adam, M., Corbeels, M., Leffelaar, P. A., Van Keulen, H., Wery, J. and Ewert, F. Year: 2012 Title: Building crop models within different crop modelling frameworks Journal: Agricultural Systems Volume: 113 Pages: 57-63 Date: 11// Short Title: Building crop models within different crop modelling frameworks ISSN: 0308-521X DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agsy.2012.07.010 Keywords: Model structure Uncertainty Software design patterns Good modelling practices Crop growth and development Abstract: Modular frameworks for crop modelling have evolved through simultaneous progress in crop science and software development but differences among these frameworks exist which are not well understood, resulting in potential misuse for crop modelling. In this paper we review differences and similarities among different developed frameworks and identify some implications for crop modelling. We consider three modelling frameworks currently used for crop modelling: CROSPAL (CROp Simulator: Picking and Assembling Libraries), APES (Agricultural Production and Externalities Simulator) and APSIM (Agricultural Production Systems sIMulator). The frameworks are implemented differently and they provide more or less flexibility and guidance, to facilitate assembly of crop model from model components. We underline the importance of systematic approaches to facilitate the selection of appropriate model structure and derive suggestions to facilitate it. We particularly stress the need for better documentation of the underlying assumptions of the modules on simulated processes and on the criteria applied in the selection of these modules for a particular simulation objective. Such documentation should help to point out the sources of uncertainties associated with the development of crop models and to reinforce the role of the crop modeller as an intermediary between the software engineer, coding the modules, and the end users, agronomists or crop physiologists using the model for a specific objective. Finally, the key contributions of modelling frameworks in the crop modelling domain are discussed and we draw conclusions for the prospects of such frameworks in the crop modelling field which should continue to reside on the principles of systems analysis but combined with up-to-date advances in software engineering techniques. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0308521X12001229 Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9071 Author: Bottaccioli, L., Aliberti, A., Ugliotti, F., Patti, E., Osello, A., Macii, E. and Acquaviva, A. Year of Conference: 2017 Title: Building Energy Modelling and Monitoring by Integration of IoT Devices and Building Information Models Conference Name: 2017 IEEE 41st Annual Computer Software and Applications Conference (COMPSAC) Volume: 1 Pages: 914-922 Date: 4-8 July 2017 Short Title: Building Energy Modelling and Monitoring by Integration of IoT Devices and Building Information Models ISBN: 0730-3157 DOI: 10.1109/COMPSAC.2017.75 Keywords: Internet of Things building management systems software architecture IoT devices building energy modelling building information models energy consumption information information and communication technologies Buildings Data models Energy consumption Meteorology Monitoring Software Wireless sensor networks BIM Building Information Model Smart Building Thermal Energy Modelling and Simulation Abstract: In recent years, the research about energy waste and CO2 emission reduction has gained a strong momentum, also pushed by European and national funding initiatives. The main purpose of this large effort is to reduce the effects of greenhouse emission, climate change to head for a sustainable society. In this scenario, Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) play a key role. From one side, advances in physical and environmental information sensing, communication and processing, enabled the monitoring of energy behaviour of buildings in real-time. The access to this information has been made easy and ubiquitous thank to Internet-of-Things (IoT) devices and protocols. From the other side, the creation of digital repositories of buildings and districts (i.e. Building Information Models - BIM) enabled the development of complex and rich energy models that can be used for simulation and prediction purposes. As such, an opportunity is emerging of mixing these two information categories to either create better models and to detect unwanted or inefficient energy behaviours. In this paper, we present a software architecture for management and simulation of energy behaviours in buildings that integrates heterogeneous data such as BIM, IoT, GIS (Geographical Information System) and meteorological services. This integration allows: i) (near-) real-time visualisation of energy consumption information in the building context and ii) building performance evaluation through energy modelling and simulation exploiting data from the field and real weather conditions. Finally, we discuss the experimental results obtained in a real-world case-study. Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8927 Author: Acevedo, Y. V. Nieto, Quintero, J. F. Lopez, Marin, C. E. Montenegro and Clavijo, C. C. Gonzalez Year: 2016 Title: Business Rules Model for the Automation in the Receipt of Credit Applications by Financial Institutions based on ArchiMate Journal: IEEE Latin America Transactions Volume: 14 Issue: 6 Pages: 2801-2806 Short Title: Business Rules Model for the Automation in the Receipt of Credit Applications by Financial Institutions based on ArchiMate ISSN: 1548-0992 DOI: 10.1109/TLA.2016.7555258 Keywords: business data processing credit transactions decision making financial management payroll data processing software architecture ArchiMate business architecture model ArchiMate modeling business abstraction business logic business rules automation model business rules model credit applications decision making process financial consumers financial institutions information systems information technology management maintainability market demand modeling tool Coloso payroll loan products placement recurring architectural models scalability software system Automation Business Computer architecture Software systems Surges ArchiMate Business Rules Engine Business Rules Management Systems (BRMS) Business Rules Model (BRM) Coloso Abstract: Through different viewpoints exposed by an ArchiMate Business Architecture Model, a high level of business abstraction is achieved in the development phase of a software system. This allows to carry out the automation of business rules for payroll loan products placement within the receipt of credit applications. Currently the flexibility of information systems plays a key role as a strategy in the decision-making process in financial institutions. This is because they require a timely response to the changing market demand for products and services for financial consumers. Given the above, information technology management in organizations faces the ongoing challenge of developing software solutions that meet the needs of internal and external customers. This is done by using recurring architectural models that provide safety, maintainability and scalability. In order to make this possible, a business rules automation model that dissociates the business logic from the business rules facilitates, subsequently, a possible change in the proposed rules. In this paper, the architecture of the software system is based on five viewpoints offered by the ArchiMate modeling, which was carried out with the modeling tool Coloso. Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 8867 Author: Ven, J. S. v. d. and Bosch, J. Year of Conference: 2016 Title: Busting Software Architecture Beliefs: A Survey on Success Factors in Architecture Decision Making Conference Name: 2016 42th Euromicro Conference on Software Engineering and Advanced Applications (SEAA) Pages: 42-49 Date: Aug. 31 2016-Sept. 2 2016 Short Title: Busting Software Architecture Beliefs: A Survey on Success Factors in Architecture Decision Making ISBN: 2376-9505 DOI: 10.1109/SEAA.2016.35 Keywords: decision making software architecture software development management statistical analysis architectural decisions architecture decision making architecture documentation project failure project success software architecture beliefs software development Companies Computer architecture Documentation Software Architectural Design Decisions Software Processes Survey Abstract: As software development changes, also the myths and beliefs around it come and go. In different communities, different beliefs are kept, usually strengthened by success or failure stories. In this research, we study the beliefs surrounding software architecture. The beliefs range from the amount of effort needed for architecture documentation, to the size of the team or the persons responsible for making the architectural decisions. Most beliefs are based on the idea that the outcome of the project is highly dependent on the methods used during the design and development of software. We conducted a survey with 39 architects where we evaluated 54 architectural decisions. In this survey, we assessed the way in which decisions were made, the success factors of the decisions, as well as the properties of the projects. We conduct statistical analysis in order to evaluate some of the beliefs that currently exist in software development. We conclude that for most of the beliefs, no statistical evidence can be found, making these beliefs folklore for the tales, instead of useful guidelines for predicting projects success or failure. 'File' Atttachments: internal-pdf://1752083816/Busting Software Architecture Beliefs A Survey.pdf Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 9612 Author: Wainwright, C. E. R., Harrison, D. K. and Leonard, R. Year: 1992 Title: CAD/CAM and DNC links as a strategy for manufacture: implications for CAPM Journal: Computing & Control Engineering Journal Volume: 3 Issue: 2 Pages: 82-87 Short Title: CAD/CAM and DNC links as a strategy for manufacture: implications for CAPM ISSN: 0956-3385 DOI: 10.1049/cce:19920025 Keywords: CAD/CAM computerised numerical control direct digital control electronic data interchange local area networks production control DNC links LAN computer-aided design computer-aided manufacture computer-aided production management direct numerical control system future CAPM software design international competition local area network manufacturing systems marketing needs strategic advantages CADCAM Digital control Numerical control Abstract: Owing to international competition, an increased emphasis placed on the role of manufacturing, as companies will only remain competitive if their manufacturing systems are developed to satisfy business and marketing needs. The authors consider the role of computer-aided design (CAD) and computer-aided manufacture (CAM) within a direct numerical control system, which has been successfully installed via a local area network as a strategy for manufacture. The transfer of data between CAD/CAM and computer-aided production management (CAPM) systems and the necessary enhancement of CAPM to provide strategic advantages are examined, and the implications for future CAPM software design considered.<> Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8633 Author: de La Passardiere, Brigitte Year: 1989 Title: CAL and tools for the instructor-user (the features of SPELEO) Journal: Computers & Education Volume: 13 Issue: 3 Pages: 313-318 Date: // Short Title: CAL and tools for the instructor-user (the features of SPELEO) ISSN: 0360-1315 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0360-1315(89)90029-8 Abstract: In the first part of the article we define the specific role of the instructor-user and attempt to determine if there are tools that can be put at his disposition in order that he may alter and adapt existing CAL software for his particular teaching needs. In the second part, we present the features of the SPELEO author-system that enable the modification of courseware content. As an example, we examine educational software designed to introduce students to micro-computers, where the teaching content of the software is dependent on the hardware used. Updating features have been used to create different versions of this courseware, corresponding to the micro-computer in use. When less common machines are in use and there is no specifically-adapted courseware available, the modifications can be easily effected by the instructoruser. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0360131589900298 Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 8305 Author: Mangano, Nicolas, Baker, Alex, Andr, #233 and Hoek, van der Year: 2008 Title: Calico: a prototype sketching tool for modeling in early design Conference Name: Proceedings of the 2008 international workshop on Models in software engineering Conference Location: Leipzig, Germany Publisher: ACM Pages: 63-68 DOI: 10.1145/1370731.1370747 Place Published: 1370747 Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8748 Author: Wei, Edwin J. Y. and Chan, Alvin T. S. Year: 2013 Title: CAMPUS: A middleware for automated context-aware adaptation decision making at run time Journal: Pervasive and Mobile Computing Volume: 9 Issue: 1 Pages: 35-56 Date: 2// Short Title: CAMPUS: A middleware for automated context-aware adaptation decision making at run time ISSN: 1574-1192 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pmcj.2011.10.002 Keywords: Context-awareness Decision support Middleware Ontology design Software architecture Support for adaptation Abstract: At present, in most context-aware systems, decisions on when and how to adapt an application are made a priori by developers during the compile time. While such approaches empower developers with sufficient flexibility to specify what they want in terms of adaptation rules, they inevitably place an immense load on developers, especially in an extremely dynamic environment, to anticipate and formulate all potential run-time situations during development time. These challenges motivated us to explore an approach to automating context-aware adaptation decisions by a middleware layer at run time. The resulting middleware, CAMPUS, exploits technologies from semantic computing to dynamically derive adaptation decisions according to run-time contextual information. The CAMPUS implementation has been evaluated with a number of case applications to validate the operation of the system in a realistic environment and to provide us with an opportunity to obtain experimental results for further analysis. The results are significant in that they show that CAMPUS can effectively free developers from the need to predict, formulate, and maintain adaptation rules, thereby greatly reducing the efforts required to develop context-aware applications. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1574119211001283 Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9242 Author: Oyama, K., Takeuchi, A. and Fujimoto, H. Year of Conference: 2006 Title: CAPIS Model Based Software Design Method for Sharing Experts' Thought Processes Conference Name: 30th Annual International Computer Software and Applications Conference (COMPSAC'06) Volume: 1 Pages: 307-316 Date: 17-21 Sept. 2006 Short Title: CAPIS Model Based Software Design Method for Sharing Experts' Thought Processes ISBN: 0730-3157 DOI: 10.1109/COMPSAC.2006.34 Keywords: causality expert systems software engineering UML class diagram causality of problem-issue-solution software design Buildings Computer integrated manufacturing Computer science Design engineering Large-scale systems Ontologies Real time systems Reliability engineering Unified modeling language Abstract: In large-scale, real-time systems, the software design process is still highly dependent on the skills of the developers. To enable the efficient, speedy design of reliable software products, we require a means of conveying design decisions from experts to other engineers. Our approach involves the development of the "causality of problem-issue-solution" (CAPIS) model which can be used to represent experts' thought processes. The CAPIS model divides a thought process that includes complexity and diversity into problems, issues, and solutions (PIS), and then describes conceptual models based on the knowledge hierarchy of data, information, knowledge, and wisdom. The PIS ontology is used to describe items in the conceptual models. This paper describes a software design method that is based on this CAPIS model. As an example, we consider the thought processes involved in building reliability into a UML class diagram Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9384 Author: Muccini, H. and Sharaf, M. Year of Conference: 2017 Title: CAPS: Architecture Description of Situational Aware Cyber Physical Systems Conference Name: 2017 IEEE International Conference on Software Architecture (ICSA) Pages: 211-220 Date: 3-7 April 2017 Short Title: CAPS: Architecture Description of Situational Aware Cyber Physical Systems DOI: 10.1109/ICSA.2017.21 Keywords: cognition cyber-physical systems decision making software architecture CAPS modeling languages architecture description architecture-driven modeling framework compute & communication paradigm continuous monitoring crowd management cyber-physical space dimension domain-specific hardware components environmental conditions fleet management hardware configuration infrastructure monitoring situational aware CPS situational aware cyber physical systems situational awareness smart city applications Computer architecture Hardware Monitoring Ports (Computers) Software Stakeholders Cyber-Physical Spaces MDE Abstract: This paper proposes CAPS, an architecture-driven modeling framework for the development of Situational Aware Cyber-Physical Systems. Situational Awareness involves being aware of what ishappening in the surroundings, and using this information to decide and act. It has been recognized as a critical, yet often elusive, foundation for successful decision-making in complex systems. With the advent of cyber-physical systems (CPS), situational awareness is playing an increasingly important role especially in crowd and fleets management, infrastructure monitoring, and smart city applications. While specializing cyber physical systems, Situational Aware CPS requires the continuous monitoring of environmental conditions and events with respect to time and space. New architectural concerns arise, especially related to the sense, compute & communication paradigm, the use of domain-specific hardware components, and the cyber-physical space dimension. This work illustrates the CAPS modeling languages used to describe the software architecture, hardware configuration, and physical space views for a situational aware CPS. Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 7777 Author: Miesbauer, C. and Weinreich, R. Year of Conference: 2012 Title: Capturing and Maintaining Architectural Knowledge Using Context Information Conference Name: 2012 Joint Working IEEE/IFIP Conference on Software Architecture and European Conference on Software Architecture Pages: 206-210 Date: 20-24 Aug. 2012 Short Title: Capturing and Maintaining Architectural Knowledge Using Context Information DOI: 10.1109/WICSA-ECSA.212.30 Keywords: software architecture AK capturing architectural knowledge context information context-relevant maintaining architectural knowledge software design software development Computer architecture Conferences Context Context modeling Knowledge management Software Architecture Knowledge Context Design Decisions Software Architecture Knowledge Management Abstract: Approaches for sharing and reusing architectural knowledge (AK) have found some application in practice. Capturing AK during software design and development, however, is still a problem. Main reasons are the effort involved in capturing, as well as lack of time and budget, and lack of short-term benefits for the involved stakeholders. We propose using context information about currently modified artifacts, like time, existing relations, and user information, for automatically identifying and presenting relevant AK. The main aim is to simplify the use of AK during development by presenting a continuously updated context-relevant view on AK for currently viewed artifacts. This facilitates capturing and maintaining of relations among knowledge entities, updating existing entities, and finding relevant entities during architecture analysis and reviews. In this paper we present the main concepts of our approach, report on first experiences, and discuss future work. Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 7894 Author: Tofan, Dan and Galster, Matthias Year: 2014 Title: Capturing and Making Architectural Decisions: an Open Source Online Tool Conference Name: Proceedings of the 2014 European Conference on Software Architecture Workshops Conference Location: Vienna, Austria Publisher: ACM Pages: 1-4 DOI: 10.1145/2642803.2642836 Place Published: 2642836 Abstract: Architectural decisions (such as selecting patterns, technologies, or decomposing systems) and their rationale are a significant aspect of architectural knowledge. In this paper, we present a tool that helps architects capture tacit knowledge about architectural decisions. Furthermore, the tool helps architects and other stakeholders analyze decisions. Finally, the tool supports group decision making. The tool is based on theoretical and conceptual foundations created and evaluated in previous work. We developed the tool as a research tool in an academic environment, and we used the tool with industrial practitioners. The tool is web-based and available as an open source project. In this paper we highlight the underlying research contributions of the tool and show how research approaches and findings have been transferred into a working tool. Notes: just a tool Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 8069 Author: Monroe, Robert T. Year: 1996 Title: Capturing design expertise in software architecture design environments Conference Name: Joint proceedings of the second international software architecture workshop (ISAW-2) and international workshop on multiple perspectives in software development (Viewpoints '96) on SIGSOFT '96 workshops Conference Location: San Francisco, California, USA Publisher: ACM Pages: 87-89 DOI: 10.1145/243327.243616 Place Published: 243616 Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8742 Author: Fernandes, Leandro C., Souza, Jefferson R., Pessin, Gustavo, Shinzato, Patrick Y., Sales, Daniel, Mendes, Caio, Prado, Marcos, Klaser, Rafael, Magalhães, André Chaves, Hata, Alberto, Pigatto, Daniel, Castelo Branco, Kalinka, Grassi Jr, Valdir, Osorio, Fernando S. and Wolf, Denis F. Year: 2014 Title: CaRINA Intelligent Robotic Car: Architectural design and applications Journal: Journal of Systems Architecture Volume: 60 Issue: 4 Pages: 372-392 Date: 4// Short Title: CaRINA Intelligent Robotic Car: Architectural design and applications ISSN: 1383-7621 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sysarc.2013.12.003 Keywords: Autonomous vehicle architecture Embedded system design Robotic vehicle navigation Computer vision Machine learning Intelligent systems Abstract: This paper presents the development of two outdoor intelligent vehicles platforms named CaRINA I and CaRINA II, their system architecture, simulation tools, and control modules. It also describes the development of the intelligent control system modules allowing the mobile robots and vehicles to navigate autonomously in controlled urban environments. Research work has been carried out on tele-operation, driver assistance systems, and autonomous navigation using the vehicles as platforms to experiments and validation. Our robotic platforms include mechanical adaptations and the development of an embedded software architecture. This paper addresses the design, sensing, decision making, and acting infrastructure and several experimental tests that have been carried out to evaluate both platforms and proposed algorithms. The main contributions of this work is the proposed architecture, that is modular and flexible, allowing it to be instantiated into different robotic platforms and applications. The communication and security aspects are also investigated. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1383762113002841 Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9343 Author: Balland, E., Consel, C., Kaoua, B. N' and Sauzéon, H. Year of Conference: 2013 Title: A case for human-driven software development Conference Name: 2013 35th International Conference on Software Engineering (ICSE) Pages: 1229-1232 Date: 18-26 May 2013 Short Title: A case for human-driven software development ISBN: 0270-5257 DOI: 10.1109/ICSE.2013.6606685 Keywords: human computer interaction simulation languages software engineering user interfaces HCI techniques UI design language human-computer interaction human-driven software development methodology software design tool suite user interface user modeling language Abstracts Computational modeling Context Electronic mail Programming Software Abstract: Human-Computer Interaction (HCI) plays a critical role in software systems, especially when targeting vulnerable individuals (e.g., assistive technologies). However, there exists a gap between well-tooled software development methodologies and HCI techniques, which are generally isolated from the development toolchain and require specific expertise. In this paper, we propose a human-driven software development methodology making User Interface (UI) a full-fledged dimension of software design. To make this methodology useful in practice, a UI design language and a user modeling language are integrated into a tool suite that guides the stakeholders during the development process, while ensuring the conformance between the UI design and its implementation. Notes: about tools Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 8204 Author: Balland, Emilie, Consel, Charles, N, Bernard, #039, Kaoua, #233, #232, Sauz, ne, #233 and on Year: 2013 Title: A case for human-driven software development Conference Name: Proceedings of the 2013 International Conference on Software Engineering Conference Location: San Francisco, CA, USA Publisher: IEEE Press Pages: 1229-1232 Place Published: 2486970 Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 7898 Author: Gamal, Mustafa M., Ramadan, Tarek and Adawy, Hadeel El Year: 2016 Title: Case Study Applying Agile Service-Oriented Modeling and Architecture Approach for Better Business-Services Alignment Conference Name: Proceedings of the 2nd Africa and Middle East Conference on Software Engineering Conference Location: Cairo, Egypt Publisher: ACM Pages: 66-71 DOI: 10.1145/2944165.2944176 Place Published: 2944176 Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 8303 Author: Spiegel, Michael, Paul F. Reynolds, Jr. and Brogan, David C. Year: 2005 Title: A case study of model context for simulation composability and reusability Conference Name: Proceedings of the 37th conference on Winter simulation Conference Location: Orlando, Florida Publisher: Winter Simulation Conference Pages: 437-444 Place Published: 1162784 Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9426 Author: Spiegel, M., Reynolds, P. F. and Brogan, D. C. Year of Conference: 2005 Title: A case study of model context for simulation composability and reusability Conference Name: Proceedings of the Winter Simulation Conference, 2005. Pages: 8 pp. Date: 4-7 Dec. 2005 Short Title: A case study of model context for simulation composability and reusability ISBN: 0891-7736 DOI: 10.1109/WSC.2005.1574279 Keywords: digital simulation software reusability model context model reusability simulation composability software design validation constraint Best practices Computational modeling Computer aided software engineering Computer science Context modeling Gain measurement Gravity Humans Research initiatives Abstract: How much effort will be required to compose or reuse simulations? What factors need to be considered? It is generally known that composability and reusability are daunting challenges for both simulations and more broadly software design as a whole. We have conducted a small case study in order to clarify the role that model context plays in simulation composability and reusability. For a simple problem: compute the position and velocity of a falling body, we found that a reasonable formulation of a solution included a surprising number of implicit constraints. Equally surprising, in a challenge posed to a small group of capable individuals, no one of them was able to identify more than three-quarters of the ultimate set of validation constraints. We document the challenge, interpret its results, and discuss the utility our study will have in future investigations into simulation composition and reuse. Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9028 Author: Eklund, U. and Olsson, C. M. Year of Conference: 2009 Title: A case study of the Architecture Business Cycle for an in-vehicle software architecture Conference Name: 2009 Joint Working IEEE/IFIP Conference on Software Architecture & European Conference on Software Architecture Pages: 91-100 Date: 14-17 Sept. 2009 Short Title: A case study of the Architecture Business Cycle for an in-vehicle software architecture DOI: 10.1109/WICSA.2009.5290795 Keywords: automobile manufacture software architecture architecture business cycle automotive business environment automotive manufacturer in-vehicle software architecture Automotive engineering Computer architecture Computer industry Electronic mail Embedded software Engineering management Manufacturing Systems engineering and theory Vehicles Abstract: This paper presents the theoretical and practical benefits from a case study using a the architecture business cycle to understand the management of software architecture at an automotive manufacturer. The study was done to prepare for architectural changes driven by new technology and in the automotive business environment. Our results show that the architecture business cycle worked well in defining the theoretical context for the study after some modifications; the architecture had to be precisely defined in the interview situation to gain more useful data rather than broad generalisations. Further contributions of the study were a deeper understanding of role of the architecture and its position among other artefacts in the organisation, and an increased focus on architectural issues in management meetings. The study also indirectly affected a subsequent re-organisation. Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8691 Author: Beauregard, Denis and Plamondon, Réjean Year: 1989 Title: CASE tool for microprocessing Journal: Microprocessors and Microsystems Volume: 13 Issue: 10 Pages: 637-643 Date: 12// Short Title: CASE tool for microprocessing ISSN: 0141-9331 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0141-9331(89)90071-9 Keywords: microprocessors software CASE tools program editor Abstract: Code Expert is ergonomic text editing software designed to help the user write programs for microprocessors. It runs on an IBM PC with PC-DOS, using popular microprocessor assembly languages and third-generation languages like c and PL/M. This tool has been used successfully in many realtime applications. It has been used, for example, to produce software based on algorithms (signal analysis and pattern recognition), to handle telecommunication (intelligent modem and emergency phone-call processing), and to perform data acquisition (power plant monitoring). Code Expert is introduced here in the context of CASE tools. An example application is given, followed by a discussion of the system's features. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0141933189900719 Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8734 Author: Ockerman, Jennifer J. and Mitchell, Christine M. Year: 1999 Title: Case-based design browser to support software reuse: theoretical structure and empirical evaluation Journal: International Journal of Human-Computer Studies Volume: 51 Issue: 5 Pages: 865-893 Date: 11// Short Title: Case-based design browser to support software reuse: theoretical structure and empirical evaluation ISSN: 1071-5819 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1006/ijhc.1999.0253 Abstract: With the proliferation of large, complex software systems, reuse of previous software designs and software artifacts, such as operation concepts, requirements, specifications and source code, is an important issue for both industry and government. Reuse has long been expected to result in substantial productivity and quality gains. To date, this expectation has been largely unmet. One reason may be the lack of tools to support software reuse. This research proposes the development of one such tool, the Design Browser. The Design Browser is a software architecture intended to support designers of large software systems in the early stages of software design, specifically conceptual design. The Design Browser is based on principles derived from cognitive engineering (e.g. Woods & Roth, 1988 a); naturalistic decision-making, particularly Klein's (1989) recognition-primed decision making model; and Kolodner's (1993) approach to case-based reasoning. As a proof-of-concept demonstration, the Design Browser was implemented for a NASA satellite control sub-system—the command management system (CMS). An empirical evaluation was conducted. It used the CMS Design Browser and participants who were part of the three user groups often involved in large-scale commercial software development. These groups are the software design team, the users and management. The results of the evaluation show that all three groups found the CMS Design Browser quite useful as demonstrated by actual performance and subjective rating. Notes: tool development URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1071581999902537 Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 7926 Author: Vazquez, German L., Campo, Marcelo R. and Pace, J. Andres Diaz Year: 2008 Title: A case-based reasoning approach for materializing software architectures onto object-oriented designs Conference Name: Proceedings of the 2008 ACM symposium on Applied computing Conference Location: Fortaleza, Ceara, Brazil Publisher: ACM Pages: 842-843 DOI: 10.1145/1363686.1363878 Place Published: 1363878 Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 8174 Author: Rugaber, Spencer Year: 2006 Title: Cataloging design abstractions Conference Name: Proceedings of the 2006 international workshop on Role of abstraction in software engineering Conference Location: Shanghai, China Publisher: ACM Pages: 11-18 DOI: 10.1145/1137620.1137624 Place Published: 1137624 Abstract: Abstractions are the essence of software design, and various enterprises, such as design patterns, architectural styles, programming clichés and idioms, attempt to capture, organize and present them to software engineers. This position paper explores the possibility of mounting a more comprehensive effort to catalog abstractions. Related efforts such as the design of textual and electronic dictionaries, markup languages for software artifacts and ontologies of computer science topics are surveyed to inform the effort. A set of derivative questions is presented to explore the problem space. Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8618 Author: Caruthers, J. M., Lauterbach, J. A., Thomson, K. T., Venkatasubramanian, V., Snively, C. M., Bhan, A., Katare, S. and Oskarsdottir, G. Year: 2003 Title: Catalyst design: knowledge extraction from high-throughput experimentation Journal: Journal of Catalysis Volume: 216 Issue: 1–2 Pages: 98-109 Date: 5// Short Title: Catalyst design: knowledge extraction from high-throughput experimentation ISSN: 0021-9517 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9517(02)00036-2 Keywords: Catalyst design High throughput experimentation Zeolite Knowledge extraction Abstract: We present a new framework for catalyst design that integrates computer-aided extraction of knowledge with high-throughput experimentation (HTE) and expert knowledge to realize the full benefit of HTE. We describe the current state of HTE and illustrate its speed and accuracy using an FTIR imaging system for oxidation of CO over metals. However, data is just information and not knowledge. In order to more effectively extract knowledge from HTE data, we propose a framework that, through advanced models and novel software architectures, strives to approximate the thought processes of the human expert. In the forward model the underlying chemistry is described as rules and the data or predictions as features. We discuss how our modeling framework—via a knowledge extraction (KE) engine—transparently maps rules-to-equations-to-parameters-to-features as part of the forward model. We show that our KE engine is capable of robust, automated model refinement, when modeled features do not match the experimental features. Further, when multiple models exist that can describe experimental data, new sets of HTE can be suggested. Thus, the KE engine improves (i) selection of chemistry rules and (ii) the completeness of the HTE data set as the model and data converge. We demonstrate the validity of the KE engine and model refinement capabilities using the production of aromatics from propane on H-ZSM-5. We also discuss how the framework applies to the inverse model, in order to meet the design challenge of predicting catalyst compositions for desired performance. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0021951702000362 Access Date: 2003/6// Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9225 Author: Leva, A. and Bascetta, L. Year of Conference: 2005 Title: Causal design methodology for optimal tracking in 2-d.o.f. industrial controllers Conference Name: Proceedings of the 44th IEEE Conference on Decision and Control Pages: 2368-2373 Date: 12-15 Dec. 2005 Short Title: Causal design methodology for optimal tracking in 2-d.o.f. industrial controllers ISBN: 0191-2216 DOI: 10.1109/CDC.2005.1582516 Keywords: Adaptive control Design methodology Electrical equipment industry Embedded system Hardware Industrial control Optimal control Signal design Software architecture Tracking loops Abstract: This paper presents and discusses a causal method to design the feedforward part of 2-d.o.f. industrial controllers for optimal tracking, independently of the structure of the feedback controller, of the way it was designed, and of the characteristics of the set point signal. The method is particularly well suited for embedded systems, or wherever the limits imposed by the hardware and/or software architecture play a significant role; it is based on a nonparametric model of the control loop, that can be easily identified on-line, and allows to cast various tracking problems into a unified optimization framework. An experimental application example demonstrates the method’s effectiveness, simplicity, and practical usefulness. Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9076 Author: Weifeng, Li, Omair, Abbasi, Hingora, N. S. and Yongfeng, Feng Year of Conference: 2007 Title: Certify— A characterization and validation tool for behavioral models Conference Name: 2007 IEEE International Behavioral Modeling and Simulation Workshop Pages: 40-45 Date: 20-21 Sept. 2007 Short Title: Certify— A characterization and validation tool for behavioral models ISBN: 2160-3804 DOI: 10.1109/BMAS.2007.4437522 Keywords: VLSI circuit CAD integrated circuit design integrated circuit modelling semiconductor devices software architecture Certify VLSI circuit design behavioral models computer-aided circuit analysis device modeling semiconductor device models validation tool Circuit analysis computing Computer languages Fabrication Graphical user interfaces Hardware design languages Semiconductor device modeling Semiconductor device testing Solid modeling Very large scale integration Writing Abstract: Device modeling plays an important role in VLSI circuit design because computer-aided circuit analysis results are only as accurate as the models used. This indicates a need for robust tools that can facilitate the testing, validation and characterization procedure of semiconductor device models. Certify, the graphical tool for model characterization and validation, is a step in this direction [1]. The software architecture and different modules of Certify have been described in this paper. Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8737 Author: Vincentelli, Alberto Sangiovanni Year: 2006 Title: CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES FOR SYSTEM THEORY IN EMBEDDED CONTROLLER DESIGN Journal: IFAC Proceedings Volumes Volume: 39 Issue: 5 Pages: 2-3 Date: // Short Title: CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES FOR SYSTEM THEORY IN EMBEDDED CONTROLLER DESIGN ISSN: 1474-6670 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3182/20060607-3-IT-3902.00004 Keywords: Embedded Systems Systems Design Systems Methodology Control Applications Distributed Control Abstract: Embedded controllers are essential in today electronic systems to assure that the behaviour of complex systems as cars, airplanes, trains, building security management systems, is compliant to strict safety constraints. I will review the evolution of embedded systems and the challenges that must be faced in their design. I will also present methodologies aimed at simplifying and speeding the design process. The role of hybrid systems in the development of embedded controllers will be outlined. Future applications such as wireless sensor networks in an industrial plant will also be presented. The ability of integrating an exponentially increasing number of transistors within a chip, the ever-expanding use of electronic embedded systems to control increasingly many aspects of the “real world”, and the trend to interconnect more and more such systems (often from different manufacturers) into a global network, are creating a nightmarish scenario for embedded system designers. Complexity and scope are exploding into the three inter-related but independently growing directions mentioned above, while teams are even shrinking in size to further reduce costs. In this scenario the three challenges that are taking center stage are: Heterogeneity and Complexity of the Hardware Platform. The trends mentioned above result in exponential complexity growth of the features that can be implemented in hardware. The integration capabilities make it possible to build real complex system on a chip including analog and RF components. The decision of what to place on a chip is no longer dictated by the amount of circuitry that can be placed on the chip but by reliability, yield and ultimately cost (it is well known that analog and RF components force to use more conservative manufacturing lines with more processing steps than pure digital ICs). Even if manufacturing concerns suggest to implement hardware in separate chips, the resulting package may still be very small given the advances in packaging technology yielding the concept of System-in-Package (SiP). Pure digital chips are also featuring an increasing number of components. Design time, cost and manufacturing unpredictability for deep submicron technology make the use of custom hardware implementations appealing only for products that are addressing a very large market and for experienced and financially rich companies. Even for these companies, the present design methodologies are not yielding the necessary productivity forcing them to increase beyond reason the size of design and verification teams. These IC companies (for example Intel, AMD and TI) are looking increasingly to system design methods to allow them to assemble large chips out of pre-designed components and to reduce validation costs. In this context, the adoption of design models above RTL and of communication mechanism among components with guaranteed properties and standard interfaces is only a matter of time. Embedded Software Complexity. Given the cost and risks associated to developing hardware solutions, an increasing number of companies is selecting hardware platforms that can be customized by reconfiguration and/or by software programmability. In particular, software is taking the lion's share of the implementation budgets and cost. In cell phones, more than 1 Million lines of code is standard today, while in automobiles the estimated number of lines by 2010 is 100 Millions. The number of lines of source code of embedded software required for defense avionics systems is also growing exponentially. However, as this happens, the complexity explosion of the software component causes serious concerns for the final quality of the products and the productivity of the engineering forces. In transportation, the productivity of embedded software writers using the traditional methods of software development ranges in the few tens of lines per day. The reasons for such a low productivity are in the time needed for verification of the system and long redesign cycles that come from the need of developing full system prototypes for the lack of appropriate virtual engineering methods and tools for embedded software. Embedded software is substantially different from traditional software for commercial and corporate applications: by virtue of being embedded in a surrounding system, the software must be able to continuously react to stimuli in the desired way, i.e., within bounds on timing, power consumed and cost. Verifying the correctness of the system requires that the model of the software be transformed to include information that involve physical quantities to retain only what is relevant to the task at hand. In traditional software systems, the abstraction process leaves out all the physical aspects of the systems as only the functional aspects of the code matter. Integration Complexity. A standard technique to deal with complexity is decomposing “top-down” the system into subsystems. This approach, which has been customarily adopted by the semiconductor industry for years, has limitation as a designer or a group of designers has to fully comprehend the entire system and to partition appropriately its various parts, a difficult task given the enormous complexity of today's systems. Hence, the future is one of developing systems by composing pieces that all or in part have already been pre-designed or designed independently by other design groups or even companies. This has been done routinely in vertical design chains for example in the transportation vertical, albeit in a heuristic and ad hoc way. The resulting lack of an overall understanding of the interplay of the sub-systems and of the difficulties encountered in integrating very complex parts causes system integration to become a nightmare in the system industry. For example, Jurgen Hubbert, then in charge of the Mercedes-Benz passenger car division, publicly stated in 2003: “The industry is fighting to solve problems that are coming from electronics and companies that introduce new technologies face additional risks. We have experienced blackouts on our cockpit management and navigation command system and there have been problems with telephone connections and seat heating.“ I believe that in today's environment this state is the rule for the leading system OEMs let them operate in the transportation domain, in multimedia systems, in communication, rather than the exception. The source of these problems is clearly the increased complexity but also the difficulty of the OEMs in managing the integration and maintenance process with subsystems that come from different suppliers who use different design methods, different software architecture, different hardware platforms, different (and often proprietary) Real-Time Operating Systems. Therefore, there is a need for standards in the software and hardware domains that will allow plug-and-play of subsystems and their implementation while the competitive advantage of an OEM will increasingly reside on novel and compelling functionalities. I will present a methodology to cope with some of these problems and that can use hybrid system modeling. I will review how this methodology can be applied to the design of embedded controllers for the automotive industry. Finally I will present the application of the methodology and of hybrid systems to the design of wireless sensor networks in an industrial environment. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1474667015328470 Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 7552 Author: Me, G., Procaccianti, G. and Lago, P. Year of Conference: 2017 Title: Challenges on the Relationship between Architectural Patterns and Quality Attributes Conference Name: 2017 IEEE International Conference on Software Architecture (ICSA) Pages: 141-144 Date: 3-7 April 2017 Short Title: Challenges on the Relationship between Architectural Patterns and Quality Attributes DOI: 10.1109/ICSA.2017.19 Keywords: object-oriented methods software architecture software quality architectural patterns architectural tactics design decisions quality attributes relationship patterns-QAs Computer architecture Context Decision making Fault tolerance Security Stakeholders Architectural Pattern Quality Attribute Tactic Abstract: Among other knowledge, software architecture design decision-making relies on the relation between architectural patterns and quality attributes (QAs). However, this relation is often implicit, or in the best case informally and partially defined. This leads to sub-optimal understanding of the impact of the architecture design on the desired level of quality. In this work, we aim to shed light on the relation patterns-QAs in the context of an important architectural mechanism, architectural tactics. Tactics are design decisions that address a specific quality attribute. In turn, the implementation of a tactic has a different impact according to the used pattern. From a previous systematic literature review, we selected and analyzed 13 primary studies with a clear focus on tactics. From our analysis, we extracted three overarching challenges on the relationship patterns-QAs that are yet unsolved by research. The essence of these challenges suggests that further research is needed to identify a clear and precise link between the functional nature of architectural elements and non-functional quality properties. Notes: literature review Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9509 Author: Me, G., Procaccianti, G. and Lago, P. Year of Conference: 2017 Title: Challenges on the Relationship between Architectural Patterns and Quality Attributes Conference Name: 2017 IEEE International Conference on Software Architecture (ICSA) Pages: 141-144 Date: 3-7 April 2017 Short Title: Challenges on the Relationship between Architectural Patterns and Quality Attributes DOI: 10.1109/ICSA.2017.19 Keywords: object-oriented methods software architecture software quality architectural patterns architectural tactics design decisions quality attributes relationship patterns-QAs Computer architecture Context Decision making Fault tolerance Security Stakeholders Architectural Pattern Quality Attribute Tactic Abstract: Among other knowledge, software architecture design decision-making relies on the relation between architectural patterns and quality attributes (QAs). However, this relation is often implicit, or in the best case informally and partially defined. This leads to sub-optimal understanding of the impact of the architecture design on the desired level of quality. In this work, we aim to shed light on the relation patterns-QAs in the context of an important architectural mechanism, architectural tactics. Tactics are design decisions that address a specific quality attribute. In turn, the implementation of a tactic has a different impact according to the used pattern. From a previous systematic literature review, we selected and analyzed 13 primary studies with a clear focus on tactics. From our analysis, we extracted three overarching challenges on the relationship patterns-QAs that are yet unsolved by research. The essence of these challenges suggests that further research is needed to identify a clear and precise link between the functional nature of architectural elements and non-functional quality properties. Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 8915 Author: Sterling, T. Year of Conference: 2005 Title: Challenges to evaluating Petaflops systems Conference Name: Second International Conference on the Quantitative Evaluation of Systems (QEST'05) Pages: 166 Date: 19-22 Sept. 2005 Short Title: Challenges to evaluating Petaflops systems DOI: 10.1109/QEST.2005.7 Keywords: computer architecture performance evaluation Cray Cascade system Moore law Petaflops system evaluation cost function distributed resource memory system prosaic commodity cluster quantitative system evaluation spatial locality statistical parametric tradeoff study system scaling temporal locality Application software Costs Hardware High performance computing Impedance Moore's Law Scalability Software design Supercomputers Abstract: Summary form only given. Even as the high performance computing community approaches 100 Teraflops Linpack performance, challenges to supercomputer hardware and software design may impede further progress and limit scalability and performance to cost. The assumed canonical methods of harnessing distributed resources are being severely stressed by the continued advances of Moore's law and system scaling as well as the complexities of emerging interdisciplinary applications. As we struggle into the Petaflops era, new models and metrics will be essential to guide all aspects of the evolution and application of future systems. A new generation of computer architecture such as the Cray Cascade system will employ its resources in potentially innovative ways quite different from today's prosaic commodity clusters (or MPPs). What those semantic and physical structures should look like and how they should be employed must be determined by aggressive application of a mix of modeling and evaluation techniques. While such methods in almost all cases have been explored, their use in the design and implementation of real world systems is currently limited. This presentation discusses the challenges to evaluating future generation Petaflops scale systems and the kinds of questions that needs to be answered that are usually not addressed in the early design cycle. Included for consideration are the baseline of optimality that should be used (today it is peak), measures of the impact of memory systems including concepts of temporal and spatial locality, cost functions for normalization of observed capabilities, and the role of statistical parametric tradeoff studies. In addition, this presentation briefly examines issues related to user productivity and the impact of system characteristics on them. This article concludes that among the most important trends in advanced high end computing is the dramatic potential of quantitative evaluation of systems. Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 8796 Author: Díaz, J., Pérez, J., Garbajosa, J. and Yagüe, A. Year of Conference: 2013 Title: Change-Impact Driven Agile Architecting Conference Name: 2013 46th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences Pages: 4780-4789 Date: 7-10 Jan. 2013 Short Title: Change-Impact Driven Agile Architecting ISBN: 1530-1605 DOI: 10.1109/HICSS.2013.127 Keywords: Computer architecture Decision making Documentation Planning Software Software architecture Variable speed drives Agile Architecting Agile Software Development Architectural Knowledge Change Impact Analysis Abstract: Software architecture is a key factor to scale up Agile Software Development (ASD) in large software-intensive systems. Currently, software architectures are more often approached through mechanisms that enable to incrementally design and evolve software architectures (aka. agile architecting). Agile architecting should be a light-weight decision-making process, which could be achieved by providing knowledge to assist agile architects in reasoning about changes. This paper presents the novel solution of using change-impact knowledge as the main driver for agile architecting. The solution consists of a Change Impact Analysis technique and a set of models to assist agile architects in the change (decision-making) process by retrieving the change-impact architectural knowledge resulting from adding or changing features iteration after iteration. To validate our approach, we have put our solution into practice by running a project of a metering management system in electric power networks in an i-smart software factory. Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8733 Author: Hartmann, Herman, Trew, Tim and Bosch, Jan Year: 2012 Title: The changing industry structure of software development for consumer electronics and its consequences for software architectures Journal: Journal of Systems and Software Volume: 85 Issue: 1 Pages: 178-192 Date: 1// Short Title: The changing industry structure of software development for consumer electronics and its consequences for software architectures ISSN: 0164-1212 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jss.2011.08.007 Keywords: Industry structures Ecosystems Software supply chains Case study Software architecture Software management Software evolution Embedded systems Mobile phones Consumer electronics Abstract: During the last decade the structure of the consumer electronics industry has been changing profoundly. Current consumer electronics products are built using components from a large variety of specialized firms, whereas previously each product was developed by a single, vertically integrated company. Taking a software development perspective, we analyze the transition in the consumer electronics industry using case studies from digital televisions and mobile phones. We introduce a model consisting of five industry structure types and describe the forces that govern the transition between types and we describe the consequences for software architectures. We conclude that, at this point in time, software supply chains are the dominant industry structure for developing consumer electronics products. This is because the modularization of the architecture is limited, due to the lack of industry-wide standards and because resource constrained devices require variants of supplied software that are optimized for different hardware configurations. Due to these characteristics open ecosystems have not been widely adopted. The model and forces can serve the decision making process for individual companies that consider the transition to a different type of industry structure as well as provide a framework for researchers studying the software-intensive industries. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0164121211002081 Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 9111 Author: Spinellis, D. Year: 2016 Title: The Changing Role of the Software Architect Journal: IEEE Software Volume: 33 Issue: 6 Pages: 4-6 Short Title: The Changing Role of the Software Architect ISSN: 0740-7459 DOI: 10.1109/MS.2016.133 Keywords: software architecture software quality software reusability quality elements software agility software architect software development software industry software reuse software testability software engineering Abstract: Being a good software architect has never been easy. Changes in the software industry are making the job even more challenging. The key drivers are the rising role of software in systems and their operation; more emphasis on reuse, agility, and testability during software development; and several quality elements increasingly affected by architectural choices. Reference Type: Book Section Record Number: 8474 Author: Lior, Linda Newman Year: 2013 Title: Chapter 2 - Design and Development Models and Processes Book Title: Writing for Interaction Place Published: Boston Publisher: Morgan Kaufmann Pages: 21-42 Short Title: Chapter 2 - Design and Development Models and Processes ISBN: 978-0-12-394813-7 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-394813-7.00002-X Keywords: User-centered design Incremental design Task-based design Feature-based design ADDIE Instructional design Iterative developmental models Incremental developmental models Agile development Software development phases Wireframes User experience Information experience Abstract: This chapter describes various design models and how they are used to create processes. Specifically, it discusses user-centered design (UCD) as the basis for keeping users at the forefront of application design. Then it presents traditional waterfall design models and shows how incremental design models and agile development processes are used in software design. The chapter also discusses how the traditional ADDIE model can help writers create a process for defining the information experience. The chapter also notes the importance of team collaboration for creating a cohesive application and information experience, describing each of the roles on the team and its impact on the information. Lastly, the chapter presents the OARP decision matrix for helping teams finalize decisions. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B978012394813700002X Reference Type: Book Section Record Number: 8594 Year: 2008 Title: Chapter 2 - Hierarchical View of Energy Conservation A2 - Shearer, Findlay Book Title: Power Management in Mobile Devices Place Published: Burlington Publisher: Newnes Pages: 39-75 Short Title: Chapter 2 - Hierarchical View of Energy Conservation A2 - Shearer, Findlay ISBN: 978-0-7506-7958-9 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-7506-7958-9.00002-2 Abstract: Publisher Summary Batteries have only improved their capacity about 5% every 2 years. As a result, mobile devices need to become more power efficient to close the energy performance gap. Success of power efficient mobile devices requires system-level optimization choices. However, a holistic approach consisting of systems design, software, architecture, circuit design, and manufacturing processes is required to tackle the low power challenges. As transistors get smaller, parasitic leakage currents and power dissipation become significant issues. By integrating the novel three-dimensional design of the tri-gate transistor with advanced semiconductor technology such as strain engineering and high-k/metal gate stack, an innovative approach is developed toward addressing the current leakage problem while continuing to improve device performance. The integrated CMOS tri-gate transistors will play a critical role in energy-efficient performance philosophy because they have a lower leakage current and consume less power than planar transistors. Because tri-gate transistors greatly improve performance and energy efficiency, they enable manufacturers to extend the scaling of silicon transistors. Tri-gate transistors could become the basic building block for microprocessors in future technology nodes. The technology can be integrated into an economical, high-volume manufacturing process, leading to high-performance and low-power products. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780750679589000022 Reference Type: Book Section Record Number: 8603 Author: Hornick, Mark F., Marcadé, Erik and Venkayala, Sunil Year: 2007 Title: Chapter 3 - Data Mining Process Book Title: Java Data Mining Place Published: Burlington Publisher: Morgan Kaufmann Pages: 51-83 Short Title: Chapter 3 - Data Mining Process ISBN: 978-0-12-370452-8 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-012370452-8/50029-3 Abstract: Publisher Summary This chapter introduces the CRISP-DM standard data mining process and characterizes how JDM supports the various phases of this process. This chapter discusses data analysis and preparation in great detail and explains what to look for in data and how to address typical data quality issues. As modeling is the main focus of JDM, we explore three principal tasks—model builds, model test, and model apply. In preparation for the discussion on enterprise software architectures, this chapter discusses the role of databases and data warehouses on data mining. This chapter characterizes the architectures of data mining tools and their interplay with file systems and databases, and further explores the larger scale enterprise system involving data mining and how workflow can be used to include mining tasks in the enterprise. A standardized data mining process is explained in detail that involves a number of phases including business understanding, data understanding, data preparation, modeling, evaluation, and deployment. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780123704528500293 Reference Type: Book Section Record Number: 8679 Author: Visser, Willemien and Hoc, Jean-Michel Year: 1990 Title: Chapter 3.3 - Expert Software Design Strategies Book Title: Psychology of Programming Place Published: London Publisher: Academic Press Pages: 235-249 Short Title: Chapter 3.3 - Expert Software Design Strategies ISBN: 978-0-12-350772-3 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-350772-3.50020-3 Abstract: Abstract Early studies on programming have neglected design strategies actually implemented by expert programmers. Recent studies observing designers in real(istic) situations show these strategies to be deviating from the top-down and breadth-first prescriptive model, and leading to an opportunistically organized design activity. The main components of these strategies are presented here. Consequences are drawn from the results for the specification of design support tools, as well as for programmers' training. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780123507723500203 Reference Type: Book Section Record Number: 8533 Year: 2004 Title: Chapter 3: A symbol model-based intelligent system and its implementation Editor: Xiangjun, Zhang and Changlin, Gui Book Title: Tribology and Interface Engineering Series Publisher: Elsevier Volume: Volume 46 Pages: 95-116 Short Title: Chapter 3: A symbol model-based intelligent system and its implementation ISBN: 1572-3364 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0167-8922(04)80034-8 Abstract: Summary Combining the inference ability of domain experts and the calculation abilities of numerical analysis programs, an intelligent system for engine tribology design has been developed that can solve tribological design problems intelligently and efficiently. As its basic knowledge model, symbol models are adopted to describe the domain design knowledge and the design inference process. To implement the intelligent system, object-oriented technology is used to integrate the knowledge models, numerical calculation programs, design inference processes, and decision-making procedures into a smooth and efficient operating software architecture. The intelligent system developed provides direct and efficient solutions to normal design problems encountered in engine tribological design. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167892204800348 Reference Type: Book Section Record Number: 8627 Author: Thiele, Lothar, Chakraborty, Samarjit, Gries, Matthias and Kunzli, Simon Year: 2003 Title: Chapter 4 - Design Space Exploration of Network Processor Architectures Book Title: Network Processor Design Place Published: San Francisco Publisher: Morgan Kaufmann Pages: 55-89 Short Title: Chapter 4 - Design Space Exploration of Network Processor Architectures ISBN: 15459888 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-155860875-7.50022-3 Abstract: Publisher Summary It is noted that network processors (NPs) generally consist of multiple processing units such as CPU cores, microengines, and dedicated hardware for computing-intensive tasks, memory units, caches, interconnections, and I/O interfaces. Following a system-on-a-chip (SoC) design method, these resources are then put on a single chip and they must interoperate in order to perform packet processing tasks at line speed. The process of determining the optimal hardware and software architecture for such processors includes issues involving resource allocation and partitioning. The chapter presents a framework for the design space exploration of embedded systems. It is observed that the architecture exploration and evaluation of network processors involve many tradeoffs and a complex interplay between hardware and software. The chapter focuses on high level of abstraction, where the goal is to quickly identify interesting architectures that can be further evaluated by taking lower-level details into account. Task models, task scheduling, operating system issues, and packet processor architectures collectively play a role in different phases of the design space exploration of packet processor devices. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9781558608757500223 Reference Type: Book Section Record Number: 8744 Author: Cai, Yuanfang, Kazman, Rick, Silva, Carlos V. A., Xiao, Lu and Chen, Hong-Mei Year: 2014 Title: Chapter 6 - A Decision-Support System Approach to Economics-Driven Modularity Evaluation Book Title: Economics-Driven Software Architecture Place Published: Boston Publisher: Morgan Kaufmann Pages: 105-128 Short Title: Chapter 6 - A Decision-Support System Approach to Economics-Driven Modularity Evaluation ISBN: 978-0-12-410464-8 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-410464-8.00006-4 Keywords: Software Modularity Software Architecture Technical Debt Refactoring Real options Complexity Metrics Effort Measures Abstract: Modularity debt is the most difficult kind of technical debt to quantify and manage. Modularity decay, thus modularity debt, causes huge losses over time in terms of reduced ability to provide new functionality and fix bugs, operational failures, and even canceled projects. As modularity debt accumulates over time, software system managers are often faced with a challenging task of deciding when and whether to refactor, for example, choosing to improve modularity or not. While the costs of refactoring are significant and immediate, their benefits are largely invisible, intangible, and long term. Existing research lacks effective methods to quantify the costs and benefits of refactoring to support refactoring decision making. In this chapter, we present a decision-support system (DSS) approach to the modularity debt management. Using such a system, managers would be able to play out various “what-if” scenarios to make informed decisions regarding refactoring. Our DSS approach is built on a scientific foundation for explicitly manifesting the economic implications of software refactoring activities so that the costs and benefits of such activities can be understood, analyzed, and predicted. We discuss our contributions and current progress in developing the building blocks and the underpinning framework, an integrated economics-driven modularization evaluation framework, for the modularity debt management decision-support system (MDM-DSS). URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780124104648000064 Reference Type: Book Section Record Number: 8410 Author: Schmidt, Richard F. Year: 2013 Title: Chapter 7 - Understanding Software Requirements Book Title: Software Engineering Place Published: Boston Publisher: Morgan Kaufmann Pages: 121-137 Short Title: Chapter 7 - Understanding Software Requirements ISBN: 978-0-12-407768-3 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-407768-3.00007-0 Keywords: stakeholders needs and expectations software requirements customers end users project management software implementation software testing and evaluation post-development sustainment project planning technical planning Abstract: This chapter discusses the role of stakeholders within the software development effort. It focuses on understanding stakeholder motivations and the need to properly grasp stakeholder needs and expectations as they impact software requirements. The relationships between stakeholder needs, software requirements, and project planning are examined. The need to solicit stakeholder demands and balance and resolve conflicting demands is discussed. The emphasis is on explaining the importance of software engineering practices and establishing a comprehensive and achievable set of software requirements. The chapter examines the role of continual interaction with stakeholders as the software requirements are translated into the software architecture. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780124077683000070 Reference Type: Book Section Record Number: 8675 Author: Leach, Ronald Year: 1995 Title: CHAPTER 8 - Modeling Object-Oriented Systems Book Title: Object-Oriented Design and Programming with C++ Publisher: Academic Press Pages: 271-304 Short Title: CHAPTER 8 - Modeling Object-Oriented Systems ISBN: 978-0-12-440215-7 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-440215-7.50012-4 Abstract: Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the development of larger object-oriented programs in the C++ programming language. It also discusses some issues in object-oriented design and indicates how the object-oriented paradigm for software design differs from the procedurally oriented one. The String class presented in the chapter was originally developed by Eric Charles for a project under the direction of Bernard Woolfolk at Howard University. This class had two member functions: a constructor function String ( ) and a function strlen ( ) to compute the length of an object of the class. Many disciplines in computer science have concepts that are somewhat related to objects in object-oriented programming. One example is the entity-relationship (E-R) model that is common in database design. Another is the information model that is frequently used in artificial intelligence and expert systems. An E-R diagram represents a set of fundamental quantities, known as entities, and the relationships between them. The labeling of arcs in the E-R diagram indicates the nature of the relationships among the different entities connected by each arc. An E-R diagram can serve as a starting point for a preliminary set of objects. The diagrams relationships often suggest some possible methods, or transformations, on objects in the system. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780124402157500124 Reference Type: Book Section Record Number: 8727 Author: Boxer, P. and Kazman, R. Year: 2017 Title: Chapter 9 - Analyzing the Architectures of Software-Intensive Ecosystems Book Title: Managing Trade-Offs in Adaptable Software Architectures Place Published: Boston Publisher: Morgan Kaufmann Pages: 203-222 Short Title: Chapter 9 - Analyzing the Architectures of Software-Intensive Ecosystems ISBN: 978-0-12-802855-1 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-802855-1.00009-5 Keywords: Software architecture Software ecosystems Wicked problems Abstract: Abstract Software-intensive ecosystems include large numbers of independent software-intensive and human agents interacting with and responding to each other’s demands in ways that are not amenable to traditional “closed-world” assumptions. The describes the core-periphery structures of the systems participating in ecosystems, and approaches the analysis of their “wicked” behavior from the perspective of the market behaviors that they are expected to support. It proposes that a key driver of the “wickedness” is the accelerating tempo at which an ecosystem is expected to respond to new kinds of demand, making it necessary to extend the concept of “architecture” to include the resultant processes of dynamic alignment. As a result, it becomes necessary to analyze architecture in a way that includes the operational contexts-of-use within which systems are being used. The proposes the use of a multisided matrix to represent the variety of forms of dynamic alignment demanded, and describes an extension to the architecture tradeoff analysis method as a means of discovering the risks inherent in architectural decisions made to support a software-intensive ecosystem. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780128028551000095 Reference Type: Book Section Record Number: 8527 Author: Kasaian, Katayoon, Li, Yvonne Y. and Jones, Steven J. M. Year: 2014 Title: Chapter 9 - Bioinformatics for Cancer Genomics A2 - Dellaire, Graham Editor: Berman, Jason N. and Arceci, Robert J. Book Title: Cancer Genomics Place Published: Boston Publisher: Academic Press Pages: 133-152 Short Title: Chapter 9 - Bioinformatics for Cancer Genomics A2 - Dellaire, Graham ISBN: 978-0-12-396967-5 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-396967-5.00009-8 Keywords: bioinformatics cancer genomics computational biology high-throughput sequencing sequence data analysis mutation detection data integration pathway analysis reference databases actionable targets genomic medicine data management genomic toolkits Abstract: Advances in high-throughput sequencing technologies have enabled cost-effective sequencing of a single human genome at an unprecedented rate, facilitating scientific endeavours never imagined possible before. These improvements have transformed the field of cancer genomics, allowing the complete molecular characterization of individual cancer genomes. However, the promise of unveiling the complexity of cancer has lent itself to yet another level of complexity, the task of managing and integrating the massive amount of data that is generated as part of such experiments. There is a need to manage and store large sequence datasets such that they can be accessed and shared readily but, more importantly, there is a need for their thorough and efficient analysis. Developments and improvements in computer hardware and processing power have eliminated the data storage and access issues. Additionally, bioinformatic algorithms and software, designed specifically for the analysis of cancer genomic data, are now able comprehensively to profile the mutations in a cancer sample, to provide a probability score for their role as disease drivers and to identify potential actionable targets. Although the functional validation of putative driver mutations will remain a necessity, continued improvements in sequencing technologies and analysis tools promise to provide increasingly reliable computational analysis of cancer genomes. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780123969675000098 Reference Type: Book Section Record Number: 8510 Author: Kumar, Anand, Nori, Kesav Vithal, Natarajan, Swaminathan and Lokku, Doji Samson Year: 2014 Title: Chapter 10 - Value Matrix: From Value to Quality and Architecture Book Title: Economics-Driven Software Architecture Place Published: Boston Publisher: Morgan Kaufmann Pages: 205-240 Short Title: Chapter 10 - Value Matrix: From Value to Quality and Architecture ISBN: 978-0-12-410464-8 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-410464-8.00010-6 Keywords: Value Quality Architecture Perspectives Metaphors Value-based Architecture Architecting Process Value Matrix Value Matrix Representation Abstract: The value matrix framework is a value-based view of software architecture that helps explain the role of architects with respect to value and qualities and the relationships between them. It is based on the premise that while the architecture of a solution creates the framework for achieving qualities, the ultimate goal of architecture is to deliver value to all stakeholders. Accordingly, the architect has to determine not only the sources of value for each stakeholder, but also the processes by which the offering produces or influences stakeholders’ value. The value matrix framework is based on insights arrived at by asking four questions that need to be answered for the software system to succeed economically: 1. What are the benefits and who are the beneficiaries of the software system? 2. How are these benefits realized, and what are the enablers for achieving these benefits? 3. What is the underlying form of the software system that enables benefits achievement, and how does one comprehend it? 4. How does one realize this benefits-delivering system, and how does one use it to enjoy the benefits? The core ideas behind value matrix are the four different perspectives arrived at by answering these questions; these perspectives are substantiated by the use of appropriate metaphors. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780124104648000106 Reference Type: Book Section Record Number: 8711 Author: Salama, M., Bahsoon, R. and Bencomo, N. Year: 2017 Title: Chapter 11 - Managing Trade-offs in Self-Adaptive Software Architectures: A Systematic Mapping Study Book Title: Managing Trade-Offs in Adaptable Software Architectures Place Published: Boston Publisher: Morgan Kaufmann Pages: 249-297 Short Title: Chapter 11 - Managing Trade-offs in Self-Adaptive Software Architectures: A Systematic Mapping Study ISBN: 978-0-12-802855-1 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-802855-1.00011-3 Keywords: Self-adaptation Self-adaptive architecture Software architecture Trade-offs management Systematic mapping study Self-awareness Long-living software Abstract: Abstract Self-adaptation has been driven by the need to achieve and maintain quality attributes in the face of the continuously changing requirements, as well as the uncertain demand during run-time. Designing architectures that exhibit a good trade-off between multiple quality attributes is challenging, especially in the case of self-adaptive software systems, due to the complexity, heterogeneity, and ultra-large scale of modern software systems. This challenge increases with the dynamic, open, and uncertain operating environment, as well as the need for complying to environmental, regulatory, and sustainability requirements; such as energy consumption regulations. This study aims at analyzing the research landscape that have explicitly addressed trade-offs management for self-adaptive software architectures, to obtain a comprehensive overview on the current state of research on this specialized area. A systematic mapping study was conducted to identify and analyze research works related to analyzing and managing trade-offs to support decision-making for self-adaptive software architectures. Twenty primary studies were evidently selected and analyzed to classify software paradigms, quality attributes considered, and the self-* properties that drive trade-offs management. The results show constant interest in finding solutions for trade-offs management at design-time and run-time, as well as the success of research initiatives even when new research challenges are found. The findings call for foundational framework to analyze and manage trade-offs for self-adaptive software architectures that can explicitly consider specific multiple quality attributes, the run-time dynamics, the uncertainty of the environment and the complex challenges of modern, ultra-large scale systems in particular given software paradigms. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780128028551000113 Reference Type: Book Section Record Number: 8730 Author: Fokaefs, Marios, Stroulia, Eleni and Messinger, Paul R. Year: 2014 Title: Chapter 11 - Software Evolution in the Presence of Externalities: A Game-Theoretic Approach Book Title: Economics-Driven Software Architecture Place Published: Boston Publisher: Morgan Kaufmann Pages: 243-258 Short Title: Chapter 11 - Software Evolution in the Presence of Externalities: A Game-Theoretic Approach ISBN: 978-0-12-410464-8 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-410464-8.00011-8 Keywords: Software Evolution Software Engineering Economics Service-oriented Architectures Game Theory Externalities Abstract: The architecture of service-oriented systems is defined by the services involved and the network of their usage interdependencies. Changes in an individual service may lead to the evolution of the overall architecture, as (a) different or new interactions may become possible and (b) existing partners may leave the network if their dependency needs are no longer satisfied. Therefore, studying the evolution of a service and the impact it may have on services and business partners that depend on it is essential to studying the evolution of software architecture in the age of service-oriented architecture (SOA). In such an environment with different and possibly independent parties, there may exist conflicting goals. For example, one party may aim for evolution, while another may desire stability. In this chapter, we model the interactions and decision-making process during the evolution of a system using a game-theoretic approach, and we explore how variations in the dependencies and the information flow between the service provider and the clients impact the provider’s decision-making process regarding the evolution of the service. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780124104648000118 Reference Type: Book Section Record Number: 8689 Author: Buongiorno, Joseph, Zhu, Shushuai, Zhang, Dali, Turner, James and Tomberlin, David Year: 2003 Title: Chapter 12 - GFPM Software Design and Implementation Book Title: The Global Forest Products Model Place Published: Burlington Publisher: Academic Press Pages: 243-262 Short Title: Chapter 12 - GFPM Software Design and Implementation ISBN: 978-0-12-141362-0 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-012141362-0/50013-3 Abstract: Publisher Summary This chapter provides information regarding the design of the global forest products model (GFPM) and its implementation as a system of computer programs. The chapter provides an overview of the GFPM software structure in terms of the overall processing flows and the main components of the GFPM. The main components of the GFPM are data preparation, data processing, and output retrieval. The data preparation is done with Microsoft Visual Basic Application macros in INPUT.XLS, and the user interface is the Excel Spreadsheet WORLD.XLS. The data-processing component is (price endogenous linear programming system (PELPS) IV, which reads data in ASCII format to construct an MPS file. The output-retrieval component consists of Visual Basic Application macros, which convert the ASCII output from the data-processing component to figures and tables in Excel spreadsheets. The chapter provides role of batch files in controlling the execution of the GFPM programs, and details the sequence of program execution corresponding to each of the main menu options of the GFPM. The chapter also discusses each component including the main programs in that component, the control mechanism, and the data flow. It also deals with the description of individual programs, procedures, or functions focusing on their functionality, input/output, and processing mechanism. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780121413620500133 Reference Type: Book Section Record Number: 8756 Author: Ceri, Stefano, Fraternali, Piero, Bongio, Aldo, Brambilla, Marco, Comai, Sara and Matera, Maristella Year: 2003 Title: Chapter 13 - Advanced Hypertext Implementation Book Title: Designing Data-Intensive Web Applications Place Published: San Francisco Publisher: Morgan Kaufmann Pages: 457-497 Short Title: Chapter 13 - Advanced Hypertext Implementation ISBN: 978-1-55860-843-6 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-155860843-6/50014-1 Abstract: Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the software architecture called model-view-controller (MVC), used for improving the separation of concerns and modularity of software applications. Designing the overall architecture of an application requires addressing not only the hardware and network configuration, but also the software architecture. Various software-specific design objectives that drive the decision-making process are (1) separation of concerns, (2) evolvability, (3) reusability, and (4) software scalability. The MVC is conceived to better separate and insulate the three essential functions of an interactive application: the business logic of the application (the model), the interface presented to the user (the view), and the control of the interaction triggered by the user's actions (the controller). The MVC architecture prescribes a sharp distinction of responsibilities among the components of the application: the model encapsulates the business actions required for answering a user's request and keeps the state of the application, the view embodies the presentation logic for assembling the user interface, the controller is responsible for interpreting the user's request, and the actions are the actual components that implement the business logic. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9781558608436500141 Reference Type: Book Section Record Number: 8607 Author: Paletz, Susannah B. F. Year: 2012 Title: Chapter 17 - Project Management of Innovative Teams A2 - Mumford, Michael D Book Title: Handbook of Organizational Creativity Place Published: San Diego Publisher: Academic Press Pages: 421-455 Short Title: Chapter 17 - Project Management of Innovative Teams A2 - Mumford, Michael D ISBN: 978-0-12-374714-3 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-374714-3.00017-3 Keywords: Project Management Creativity Teamwork Stress Abstract: Publisher Summary This chapter intends to outline fundamental project management concepts, and then to tie these to relevant psychological and organizational research. In many organizations, innovation occurs in teams working within project management structures. A design team working internally to NASA was tasked with producing software to support the reporting, tracking, and correcting problems with space flight hardware. As with most large organizations, NASA required project management principles be met. Although this software design was conducted in a flexible, fast-paced, and iterative manner, clear requirements, schedules, and risks were identified and managed for the life of the project. Creativity is generally defined as a person, process, product, or environment that expresses or enables both usefulness (appropriateness or correctness) and originality/novelty. Innovation additionally includes the elements of relative rather than absolute novelty, intentional benefit to an individual, group, organization, or to wider society, and the application or implementation of the creative idea. Although there is academic research on project management, it is primarily a form of structuring work processes. Projects have real outcomes and meaningful consequences. As such, project management is simultaneously an area of research, an application, a type of practice, and a method of conducting work. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780123747143000173 Reference Type: Book Section Record Number: 8457 Author: Phillips, Mark D., Bashinski, Howard S., Ammerman, Harry L. and Fligg Jr, Claude M. Year: 1988 Title: Chapter 38 - A Task Analytic Approach to Dialogue Design A2 - HELANDER, MARTIN Book Title: Handbook of Human-Computer Interaction Place Published: Amsterdam Publisher: North-Holland Pages: 835-857 Short Title: Chapter 38 - A Task Analytic Approach to Dialogue Design A2 - HELANDER, MARTIN ISBN: 978-0-444-70536-5 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-444-70536-5.50043-9 Abstract: Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the analytic approach to dialogue design. The task analytic approach to dialogue design has been developed to ensure constructive user involvement and an intrinsically strong relationship between operational requirements and dialogue design. The analytic products are relevant to design because they are in a form readily usable by software engineers and they are available prior to software design commitment. As such, the data go beyond the typical human factors role in manpower, training, and logistic subsystem development; they rather become important as a design catalyst, and they define procedures for operational testing and evaluation. Analytic methods, however complete and consistent, cannot replace the experience and expertise of a system designer or the iterative prototyping and testing typical of any system development effort. The dialogue design process remains an art and a science. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780444705365500439 Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 8105 Author: Melleg\, Niklas, \#229, rd and Staron, Miroslaw Year: 2010 Title: Characterizing model usage in embedded software engineering: a case study Conference Name: Proceedings of the Fourth European Conference on Software Architecture: Companion Volume Conference Location: Copenhagen, Denmark Publisher: ACM Pages: 245-252 DOI: 10.1145/1842752.1842800 Place Published: 1842800 Abstract: During development of complex products, such as automotive software, models -- formal and informal -- are used throughout the development process by different roles and for different purposes -- as requirement, as implementation or as documentation. This paper reports results from a case-study of the development of embedded software at a Swedish vehicle manufacturer. We investigated use of models from high-level product planning to low-level requirements specifications for software components. Furthermore, we investigated the distribution of effort among the models, requirements and other artefacts. The goal was to explore the spectrum of modelling techniques, methods and languages used and to establish a baseline for comparison with the state-of-the-art and other companies. The results show that there exist at least 8 different modelling notations. Moreover, we found that the majority of effort was spent on behaviour models, while static models -- such as high-level design and requirements -- were considered most important. Notes: Model usage not in focus Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8415 Author: Condori-Fernandez, Nelly and Lago, Patricia Title: Characterizing the Contribution of Quality Requirements to Software Sustainability Journal: Journal of Systems and Software Short Title: Characterizing the Contribution of Quality Requirements to Software Sustainability ISSN: 0164-1212 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jss.2017.12.005 Keywords: Sustainability Software-intensive systems Quality requirements Survey Abstract: Background.Since sustainability became a challenge in software engineering, researchers mainly from requirements engineering and software architecture communities have contributed to defining the basis of the notion of sustainability-aware software. Problem. Despite these valuable efforts, the assessment and design based on the notion of sustainability as a software quality is still poorly understood. There is no consensus on which sustainability requirements should be considered. Aim and Method. To fill this gap, a survey was designed with a double objective: i) determine to which extent quality requirements contribute to the sustainability of software-intensive systems; and ii) identify direct dependencies among the sustainability dimensions. The survey involved different target audiences (e.g. software architects, ICT practitioners with expertise in Sustainability). We evaluated the perceived importance/relevance of each sustainability dimension, and the perceived usefulness of exploiting a sustainability model in different software engineering activities. Results. Most respondents considered modifiability as relevant for addressing both technical and environmental sustainability. Functional correctness, availability, modifiability, interoperability and recoverability favor positively the endurability of software systems. This study has also identified security, satisfaction, and freedom from risk as very good contributors to social sustainability. Satisfaction was also considered by the respondents as a good contributor to economic sustainability. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0164121217302984 Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 7997 Author: Steff, Maximilian and Russo, Barbara Year: 2012 Title: Characterizing the roles of classes and their fault-proneness through change metrics Conference Name: Proceedings of the ACM-IEEE international symposium on Empirical software engineering and measurement Conference Location: Lund, Sweden Publisher: ACM Pages: 59-68 DOI: 10.1145/2372251.2372261 Place Published: 2372261 Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8473 Author: Ståhl, Daniel and Bosch, Jan Year: 2017 Title: Cinders: The continuous integration and delivery architecture framework Journal: Information and Software Technology Volume: 83 Pages: 76-93 Date: 3// Short Title: Cinders: The continuous integration and delivery architecture framework ISSN: 0950-5849 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.infsof.2016.11.006 Keywords: Cinders Software integration Software testing Continuous integration Continuous delivery Architecture framework Abstract: Context: The popular agile practices of continuous integration and delivery have become an essential part of the software development process in many companies, yet effective methods and tools to support design, description and communication of continuous integration and delivery systems are lacking. Objective: The work reported on in this paper addresses that lack by presenting Cinders — an architecture framework designed specifically to meet the needs of such systems, influenced both by prominent enterprise and software architecture frameworks as well as experiences from continuous integration and delivery modeling in industry. Method: The state of the art for systematic design and description of continuous integration and delivery systems is established through review of literature, whereupon a proposal for an architecture framework addressing requirements derived from continuous integration and delivery modeling experiences is proposed. This framework is subsequently evaluated through interviews and workshops with engineers in varying roles in three independent companies. Results: Cinders, an architecture framework designed specifically for the purpose of describing continuous integration and delivery systems is proposed and confirmed to constitute an improvement over previous methods. This work presents software professionals with a demonstrably effective method for describing their continuous integration and delivery systems from multiple points of view and supporting multiple use-cases, including system design, communication and documentation. Conclusion: It is concluded that an architecture framework for the continuous integration and delivery domain has value; at the same time potential for further improvement is identified, particularly in the area of tool support for data collection as well as for manual modeling. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S095058491630369X Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8745 Author: Dbouk, Mohamad, McHeick, Hamid and Sbeity, Ihab Year: 2014 Title: CityPro; An Integrated City-protection Collaborative Platform Journal: Procedia Computer Science Volume: 37 Pages: 72-79 Date: // Short Title: CityPro; An Integrated City-protection Collaborative Platform ISSN: 1877-0509 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2014.08.014 Keywords: Smart cities Digital cities Software architecture Event-driven collaboration GIS Business-intelligence Data-integration Big-Data Abstract: It's a big challenge to deal with security in a city. Technology advancements are influencing our life, cities are evolving, and modern cities are referring more and more to digital technologies. Currently, a huge amount of standalone independent-systems operate in the city, their goal is to satisfy some business activities, e.g. banking, customs, hospitals, etc. Data collected by these systems represents, if integrated, a key element in any decision making process. This paper presents a, working, smart collaborative platform to integrate multiple systems to serve the surveillance activities in a city or country. It consists of a collaborative surveillance system, called CityPro. The architecture that we propose is a future vision to protect people and monitor public infrastructures, such as bridges, roads, buildings, etc.; it is designed to deal with and/or prevent abnormal activities like terrorist attacks. CityPro is expected to operate in live-mode by using (intended to use) city adapted IT-infrastructures. At the end of this paper, a typical case study is given, and challenges and future works are also discussed. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S187705091400979X Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8396 Author: Workman, David A. Year: 2002 Title: A class and method taxonomy for object-oriented programs Journal: SIGSOFT Softw. Eng. Notes Volume: 27 Issue: 2 Pages: 53-58 Short Title: A class and method taxonomy for object-oriented programs ISSN: 0163-5948 DOI: 10.1145/511152.511161 Legal Note: 511161 Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 7991 Author: Coelho, Wesley and Murphy, Gail Year: 2007 Title: ClassCompass: A software design mentoring system Journal: J. Educ. Resour. Comput. Volume: 7 Issue: 1 Pages: 2 Short Title: ClassCompass: A software design mentoring system ISSN: 1531-4278 DOI: 10.1145/1227846.1227848 Legal Note: 1227848 Reference Type: Book Section Record Number: 7843 Author: Miesbauer, Cornelia and Weinreich, Rainer Year: 2013 Title: Classification of Design Decisions – An Expert Survey in Practice Editor: Drira, Khalil Book Title: Software Architecture: 7th European Conference, ECSA 2013, Montpellier, France, July 1-5, 2013. Proceedings Place Published: Berlin, Heidelberg Publisher: Springer Berlin Heidelberg Pages: 130-145 Short Title: Classification of Design Decisions – An Expert Survey in Practice ISBN: 978-3-642-39031-9 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-39031-9_12 Label: Miesbauer2013 Abstract: Support for capturing architectural knowledge has been identified as an important research challenge. As the basis for an approach for recovering design decisions and capturing their rationale we have performed an expert survey in practice to gain insights into the different kinds, influence factors, and sources for design decisions and also on how they are currently captured in practice. The survey has been performed with software architects, software team leads, and senior developers from six different companies in Austria with more than 10 years of experience in software development on average. The survey confirms earlier work by other authors on design decision classification and influence factors but also identifies additional kinds of decisions and influence factors not mentioned in this previous work. In addition, we gained insight into the practice of capturing, the relative importance of different decisions and influence factors, and on potential sources for recovering decisions. URL: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-39031-9_12 Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 8902 Author: Newman, W., Covitch, A. and May, R. Year of Conference: 2006 Title: A client/server approach to open-architecture, behavior-based robot programming Conference Name: 2nd IEEE International Conference on Space Mission Challenges for Information Technology (SMC-IT'06) Pages: 8 pp.-496 Date: 0-0 0 Short Title: A client/server approach to open-architecture, behavior-based robot programming DOI: 10.1109/SMC-IT.2006.6 Keywords: aerospace instrumentation aerospace robotics client-server systems multi-robot systems software architecture behavior server behavior-based robot programming client-server approach full autonomous functionality human-guided supervisory control interactive tasks multirobot collaborative manipulation open architecture reactive controller stimulus-response robot control software architecture teleoperation tasks Application software Collaborative software Computer architecture Network servers Robot control Robot programming Robotic assembly Safety Stability Abstract: This paper describes our progress in the development of a behavior-based, stimulus-response robot control software architecture that is expressly designed to program and execute interactive tasks, including assembly, multi-robot collaborative manipulation, and exploration. The system has been designed to assure stability and safety while maintaining flexibility and achieving expert performance. The architecture incorporates a reactive controller as a behavior server, and applications are written as client programs that can operate either locally or across a network. This organization has been demonstrated to be sufficiently open to support teleoperation tasks as well as human-guided supervisory control and full autonomous functionality Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8500 Author: Senathirajah, Yalini, Bakken, Suzanne and Kaufman, David Year: 2014 Title: The clinician in the Driver’s Seat: Part 1 – A drag/drop user-composable electronic health record platform Journal: Journal of Biomedical Informatics Volume: 52 Pages: 165-176 Date: 12// Short Title: The clinician in the Driver’s Seat: Part 1 – A drag/drop user-composable electronic health record platform ISSN: 1532-0464 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbi.2014.09.002 Keywords: User-configurable EHR Human–computer interaction Electronic health record Composable EHR Electronic medical record MedWISE Abstract: Creating electronic health records that support the uniquely complex and varied needs of healthcare presents formidable challenges. To address some of these challenges we created a new model for healthcare information systems, embodied in MedWISE,2 Medical widget-based information sharing environment. 2 a widget-based highly configurable electronic health record (EHR) platform. Founded on the idea that providing clinician users with greater control of the EHR may result in greater fit to user needs and preferences, MedWISE allows drag/drop user configurations and the sharing of user-created elements such as custom laboratory result panels and user-created interface tabs. After reviewing the current state of EHR configurability, we describe the philosophical, theoretical and practical rationales for our model, and the specific functionality of MedWISE. The alternative approach may have several advantages for human–computer interaction, efficiency, cognition, and fit of EHR tools to different contexts and tasks. We discuss potential issues raised by this approach. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1532046414001993 Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9316 Author: Bahrami, M. Year of Conference: 2015 Title: Cloud Computing for Emerging Mobile Cloud Apps Conference Name: 2015 3rd IEEE International Conference on Mobile Cloud Computing, Services, and Engineering Pages: 4-5 Date: March 30 2015-April 3 2015 Short Title: Cloud Computing for Emerging Mobile Cloud Apps DOI: 10.1109/MobileCloud.2015.40 Keywords: cloud computing data privacy mobile computing software architecture Amazon AWS Google Cloud Platform Microsoft Windows Azure application designing tools application migration application-design industry cloud software architecture mobile application business improvement mobile cloud application design mobile cloud computing mobile cloud computing architecture mobile cloud services mobile cloud vendor services network apps privacy issues security issues Big data Computer architecture Conferences Industries Mobile communication Tutorials Mobile App Design Mobile Cloud Computing Cloud Architecture Mobile Security Mobile Privacy Abstract: The tutorial will begin with an explanation of the concepts behind cloud computing systems, cloud software architecture, the need for mobile cloud computing as an aspect of the app industry to deal with new mobile app design, network apps, app designing tools, and the motivation for migrating apps to cloud computing systems. The tutorial will review facts, goals and common architectures of mobile cloud computing systems, as well as introduce general mobile cloud services for app developers and marketers. This tutorial will highlight some of the major challenges and costs, and the role of mobile cloud computing architecture in the field of app design, as well as how the app-design industry has an opportunity to migrate to cloud computing systems with low investment. The tutorial will review privacy and security issues. It will describe major mobile cloud vendor services to illustrate how mobile cloud vendors can improve mobile app businesses. We will consider major cloud vendors, such as Microsoft Windows Azure, Amazon AWS and Google Cloud Platform. Finally, the tutorial will survey some of the cuttingedge practices in the field, and present some opportunities for future development. Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8719 Author: Tan, Li Year: 2016 Title: Cloud-based Decision Support and Automation for Precision Agriculture in Orchards Journal: IFAC-PapersOnLine Volume: 49 Issue: 16 Pages: 330-335 Date: // Short Title: Cloud-based Decision Support and Automation for Precision Agriculture in Orchards ISSN: 2405-8963 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ifacol.2016.10.061 Keywords: cloud computing decision support automation precision agriculture software-defined control Abstract: Abstract: Recent technological and commercial developments make cloud computing an affordable, scalable, and highly-available platform technology. Meanwhile, precision agriculture is showing its potentials by improving agricultural operations through better data-driven decision making. Nevertheless, further development of precision agriculture requires better technology and tools to process data efficiently at a reasonable cost, and to translate the data to better decisions and actions in a field. We developed a framework for cloud-based Decision Support and Automation systems that can acquire data from various sources, synthesize application-specific decisions, and control field devices from the Cloud. A distinctive feature of our framework is its extensible software architecture: decision modules can be added and/or configured for a specific operation. The platform features a device-agnostic frontend that can process incoming data in different formats and semantics. Finally, the platform incorporates software-defined control, a new software design paradigm we proposed to enable versatile and safe control of field devices from a cloud computing platform. An early version of the system has been developed and tested with support from the USDA. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S240589631631624X Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 8037 Author: Lewis, Grace A., Echeverr, Sebastian, #237, Simanta, Soumya, Bradshaw, Ben and Root, James Year: 2014 Title: Cloudlet-based cyber-foraging for mobile systems in resource-constrained edge environments Conference Name: Companion Proceedings of the 36th International Conference on Software Engineering Conference Location: Hyderabad, India Publisher: ACM Pages: 412-415 DOI: 10.1145/2591062.2591119 Place Published: 2591119 Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8452 Author: Masoud, Hamid and Jalili, Saeed Year: 2014 Title: A clustering-based model for class responsibility assignment problem in object-oriented analysis Journal: Journal of Systems and Software Volume: 93 Pages: 110-131 Date: 7// Short Title: A clustering-based model for class responsibility assignment problem in object-oriented analysis ISSN: 0164-1212 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jss.2014.02.053 Keywords: Automated software design Class responsibility assignment Clustering techniques Abstract: Assigning responsibilities to classes is a vital task in object-oriented analysis and design, and it directly affects the maintainability and reusability of software systems. There are many methodologies to help recognize the responsibilities of a system and assign them to classes, but all of them depend greatly on human judgment and decision-making. In this paper, we propose a clustering-based model to solve the class responsibility assignment (CRA) problem. The proposed model employs a novel interactive graph-based method to find inheritance hierarchies, and two novel criteria to determine the appropriate number of classes. It reduces the dependency of CRA on human judgment and provides a decision-making support for CRA in class diagrams. To evaluate the proposed model, we apply three different hierarchical agglomerative clustering algorithms and two different types of similarity measures. By comparing the obtained results of clustering techniques with the models designed by multi-objective genetic algorithm (MOGA), it is revealed that clustering techniques yield promising results. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0164121214000661 Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9254 Author: Zhao, S. F. and Chen, L. C. Year of Conference: 2010 Title: The Coal Mining Safety Equipment's Intelligent Monitoring and Management of Being based on the Web-environment Conference Name: 2010 10th IEEE International Conference on Computer and Information Technology Pages: 2084-2088 Date: June 29 2010-July 1 2010 Short Title: The Coal Mining Safety Equipment's Intelligent Monitoring and Management of Being based on the Web-environment DOI: 10.1109/CIT.2010.354 Keywords: Web services coal computerised monitoring decision making mining object-oriented methods optimisation safety systems software architecture software management software tools Myeclipse5.5.1 development tool Web server coal mining safety equipment coal mining security equipment dynamic optimization intelligent monitoring management system object-oriented analysis web page technology Databases Mining equipment Monitoring Safety Security Testing device testing intelligent management web- environment Abstract: The system utilizes the object-oriented analysis method and the broad-based B / S / D software architecture. Then researching and developing the coal mining security equipment's intelligent monitoring and management system of being based on the web-environment, the Web server software on this system using the tomcat6.0. Connecting the database by struts and ibatis dynamic web page technology and framework technology. Using the Myeclipse5.5.1 as a development tool; for the management process of different units, different functions, different users to design their features so that they can achieve their "party-led, three-linkage" of the new management, according to this mentioned above, the dynamic optimization to the security management of the prevention process is achieved and Safety equipment on the production site which can quickly feedback information, dynamic tracking and closed loop controlling. Therefore, it is effective to reduce the accident rate; and having important practical significances to the exploitation of coal mine safety production and decision-making management. Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9573 Author: Wang, X. W., Chen, W. N., Wang, Y. and Peng, C. L. Year of Conference: 2009 Title: A Co-design Flow for Reconfigurable Embedded Computing System with RTOS Support Conference Name: 2009 International Conference on Embedded Software and Systems Pages: 467-474 Date: 25-27 May 2009 Short Title: A Co-design Flow for Reconfigurable Embedded Computing System with RTOS Support DOI: 10.1109/ICESS.2009.84 Keywords: embedded systems operating systems (computers) system monitoring RTOS support co-design flow real-time operating system reconfigurable embedded computing system run-time reconfigurable system software flexibility technology-dependent tool Adaptive filters Adaptive systems Application software Embedded computing Embedded system Hardware Operating systems Real time systems Signal design Software performance unified hardware task interface Abstract: Reconfigurable system provides both flexibility of software and performance of hardware. It is a significant trend in embedded application domain. Some new reconfigurable technologies and technology-dependent tools have been developed, but the whole design flow for run-time reconfigurable systems with real-time operating system support is not proposed. RTOS plays an important role in the system and the co-design flow. The special requirements for reconfigurable embedded systems with RTOS support are analyzed, and a novel co-design flow is proposed in this paper. A design case is presented here, which shows the co-design flows of the implementation of an adaptive signal filtering system on a commercially available reconfigurable platform. The results show that using run-time reconfiguration can save over 66% area when compared to a functionally equivalent fixed system and achieve 24 times speedup in processing time when compared with a functionally equivalent pure software design. Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 8955 Author: Cui, X. Year of Conference: 2010 Title: Co-design of the Business and Software Architectures: A Systems Engineering and Model-Driven Method Conference Name: 2010 11th ACIS International Conference on Software Engineering, Artificial Intelligence, Networking and Parallel/Distributed Computing Pages: 209-214 Date: 9-11 June 2010 Short Title: Co-design of the Business and Software Architectures: A Systems Engineering and Model-Driven Method DOI: 10.1109/SNPD.2010.39 Keywords: Unified Modeling Language business data processing simulation languages software architecture systems engineering SysM Lmodeling languages UML modeling languages business and software architecture codesign method model-driven method Artificial intelligence Computer architecture Design engineering Distributed computing Software design Software engineering Software systems Systems engineering and theory business architecture model-driven software architecture design Abstract: Software architecture design plays a crucial role for both the software and business success. Most of the existing methods conduct software architecture design driven by the key software requirements, facing the challenges of creating architectures from scratch and aligning with the high-level business goals. In this paper we propose the BASAD (Business And Software Architecture co-Design) method to facilitate alleviating the difficulty of software architecture design and achieving the high-level business goals. The method addresses the business and software architecture design in an integrated process from a systems engineering perspective, leveraging the SysML and UML modeling languages and the automated model transformation from the business architectures to the software architectures, so that provide pragmatic support for the architecture co-design. Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9245 Author: Pirahandeh, M. and Kim, D. H. Year of Conference: 2012 Title: Co-designing an intelligent doctors-colleagues-patients social network Conference Name: 2012 International Conference on Cloud Computing and Social Networking (ICCCSN) Pages: 1-4 Date: 26-27 April 2012 Short Title: Co-designing an intelligent doctors-colleagues-patients social network DOI: 10.1109/ICCCSN.2012.6215739 Keywords: biomedical communication cloud computing health care medical computing medical information systems peer-to-peer computing social networking (online) Azure P2P network DCP social network architecture Swedish National projects clinics healthcare sector human information system intelligent doctors-colleagues-patients social network design patient judgment working group list Algorithm design and analysis Information systems Medical services Peer to peer computing Search engines Social network services Solid modeling Co-design Social network Software design e-Health Abstract: In this paper we use the concept of co-design and human information system to suggest the doctors, colleagues and patients (DCP) social network that enables communication between clinics, doctors and patients; and among the doctors to improve the standard. We propose a DCP social network architecture based on the cloud computing and two algorithms. The first algorithm initializes the working group list into the proposed P2P network and integrates them with current network such as Swedish National projects (NPO). The second algorithm enables user to search DCP social network using criteria such as near distance and location. In DCP social network, how patients make judgments in selecting their physicians interpret the important aspects which are not only the way patients relate to the information system but also what the role of intelligent DCP social network in healthcare sector. Experimental results show that the proposed method based on DCP social network which requires co-designing has the execution time less than that of traditional Azure P2P network. As a second contribution, WG list helps to control the growth of DCP social networks nodes. Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 7892 Author: Schoonewille, Hugo H., Heijstek, Werner, Chaudron, Michel R.V., K, Thomas, #252 and hne Year: 2011 Title: A cognitive perspective on developer comprehension of software design documentation Conference Name: Proceedings of the 29th ACM international conference on Design of communication Conference Location: Pisa, Italy Publisher: ACM Pages: 211-218 DOI: 10.1145/2038476.2038517 Place Published: 2038517 Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8758 Author: Robbins, J. E. and Redmiles, D. F. Year: 2000 Title: Cognitive support, UML adherence, and XMI interchange in Argo/UML Journal: Information and Software Technology Volume: 42 Issue: 2 Pages: 79-89 Date: 1/25/ Short Title: Cognitive support, UML adherence, and XMI interchange in Argo/UML ISSN: 0950-5849 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0950-5849(99)00083-X Keywords: UML XMI Cognitive support Open-source software Abstract: Software design is a cognitively challenging task. Most software design tools provide support for editing, viewing, storing, and transforming designs, but lack support for the essential and difficult cognitive tasks facing designers. These cognitive tasks include decision-making, decision ordering, and task-specific design understanding. This paper describes Argo/UML, an object-oriented design tool using the unified modeling language (UML) design notation. Argo/UML supports several identified cognitive needs of software designers. This support is provided in the form of design tool features. We describe each feature in the context of Argo/UML and provide enough detail to enable other tool builders to provide similar support in their own tools. We also discuss our implementation of the UML and XMI standards, and our development approach. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S095058499900083X Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9093 Author: AlQerm, I., Shihada, B. and Shin, K. G. Year of Conference: 2013 Title: CogWnet: A Resource Management Architecture for Cognitive Wireless Networks Conference Name: 2013 22nd International Conference on Computer Communication and Networks (ICCCN) Pages: 1-7 Date: July 30 2013-Aug. 2 2013 Short Title: CogWnet: A Resource Management Architecture for Cognitive Wireless Networks ISBN: 1095-2055 DOI: 10.1109/ICCCN.2013.6614115 Keywords: channel allocation cognitive radio decision making interference suppression quality of service telecommunication network reliability CogWnet QoS TCP/IP stack layers cognitive resource management architecture cognitive wireless networks communication layer decision making layer integrated hardware architecture interference mitigation policy layer radio environment heterogeneity software architecture spectrum policy regulations Containers Engines Interference Resource management Wireless communication Abstract: With the increasing adoption of wireless communication technologies, there is a need to improve management of existing radio resources. Cognitive radio is a promising technology to improve the utilization of wireless spectrum. Its operating principle is based on building an integrated hardware and software architecture that configures the radio to meet application requirements within the constraints of spectrum policy regulations. However, such an architecture must be able to cope with radio environment heterogeneity. In this paper, we propose a cognitive resource management architecture, called CogWnet, that allocates channels, re-configures radio transmission parameters to meet QoS requirements, ensures reliability, and mitigates interference. The architecture consists of three main layers: Communication Layer, which includes generic interfaces to facilitate the communication between the cognitive architecture and TCP/IP stack layers; Decision-Making Layer, which classifies the stack layers input parameters and runs decision-making optimization algorithms to output optimal transmission parameters; and Policy Layer to enforce policy regulations on the selected part of the spectrum. The efficiency of CogWnet is demonstrated through a testbed implementation and evaluation. Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 8039 Author: Paulisch, Frances and Zimmerer, Peter Year: 2016 Title: Collaboration of software architect and test architect helps to systematically BRIDGE product lifecycle gap Conference Name: Proceedings of the 1st International Workshop on Bringing Architectural Design Thinking into Developers' Daily Activities Conference Location: Austin, Texas Publisher: ACM Pages: 11-13 DOI: 10.1145/2896935.2896936 Place Published: 2896936 Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 8964 Author: Paulisch, F. and Zimmerer, P. Year of Conference: 2016 Title: Collaboration of Software Architect and Test Architect Helps to Systematically Bridge Product Lifecycle Gap Conference Name: 2016 IEEE/ACM 1st International Workshop on Bringing Architectural Design Thinking Into Developers' Daily Activities (BRIDGE) Pages: 11-13 Date: 17-17 May 2016 Short Title: Collaboration of Software Architect and Test Architect Helps to Systematically Bridge Product Lifecycle Gap DOI: 10.1109/Bridge.2016.011 Keywords: computer science education life cycle costing on-the-job training program testing software architecture software development management BRIDGE workshop high-level design joint venture low-level implementation organization-wide qualification and training program product lifecycle gap software architect test architect Collaboration Computer architecture Conferences Qualifications Requirements engineering Software Testing Software architecture software architect software testing test architect software engineering education Abstract: In this position paper for the BRIDGE workshop we describe an approach used at Siemens to address the gap between high-level design and low-level implementation. This approach is a key part of our organization-wide qualification and training program for software-related roles. These roles include both a “software architect” and a “test architect” and these roles (as well as other roles) must collaborate closely as a kind of “joint venture”. Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 8312 Author: Wang, Dawei, Li, Sikun and Dou, Yong Year: 2008 Title: Collaborative hardware/software partition of coarse-grained reconfigurable system using evolutionary ant colony optimization Conference Name: Proceedings of the 2008 Asia and South Pacific Design Automation Conference Conference Location: Seoul, Korea Publisher: IEEE Computer Society Press Pages: 679-684 Place Published: 1356967 Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 8934 Author: Asensio, J. I., Dimitriadis, Y. A., Heredia, M., Martinez, A., Alvarez, F. J., Blasco, M. T. and Osuna, C. A. Year of Conference: 2004 Title: Collaborative learning patterns: assisting the development of component-based CSCL applications Conference Name: 12th Euromicro Conference on Parallel, Distributed and Network-Based Processing, 2004. Proceedings. Pages: 218-224 Date: 11-13 Feb. 2004 Short Title: Collaborative learning patterns: assisting the development of component-based CSCL applications ISBN: 1066-6192 DOI: 10.1109/EMPDP.2004.1271448 Keywords: computer aided instruction groupware object-oriented programming software engineering collaborative learning patterns component-based computer supported collaborative learning applications pyramid collaborative learning patterns software design pattern unified process software development methodology Application software Collaborative software Collaborative work Petroleum Programming Proposals Software design Software reusability Software systems Abstract: The creation of a framework of software components and their associated software design patterns would provide great benefits for the development of reusable, flexible, and customizable component-based CSCL applications. The development of such a framework implies that software developers have a proper understanding of the key concepts and principles of the domain of interest. The achievement of this understanding is particularly difficult in the CSCL domain, where there is a big separation among abstractions used by educational science experts and those used by software developers. In order to alleviate this problem, we propose, justifies, and illustrates the use of the so-called collaborative learning patterns: detailed descriptions of well-accepted types of collaborative learning activities defined by collaborative learning experts. We also present the initial steps that would be followed so that software developers identify software components applicable to several types of component-based CSCL applications. All this proposal is illustrated with the jigsaw and pyramid collaborative learning patterns and their use in the development of a real CSCL application according to the unified process software development methodology. Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9082 Author: DeFranco-Tommarello, J. and Deek, F. P. Year of Conference: 2002 Title: Collaborative software development: a discussion of problem solving models and groupware technologies Conference Name: Proceedings of the 35th Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences Pages: 568-577 Date: 7-10 Jan. 2002 Short Title: Collaborative software development: a discussion of problem solving models and groupware technologies DOI: 10.1109/HICSS.2002.993937 Keywords: groupware human factors human resource management professional aspects software development management software tools collaboration models collaborative problem solving collaborative problem solving techniques collaborative software development collaborative structures decision making group cognition groupware technologies groupware theory problem solving problem solving model problem solving models psychology software design software development domain software development process teamwork Collaborative software Collaborative tools Collaborative work Heart Paper technology Problem-solving Programming Abstract: Teamwork is always challenging. Adding the complication of problem solving and software design only amplifies this challenge. The challenges of developing software as a team can be reduced by using groupware to coordinate and communicate the intricate details involved in the process. The study sets out to determine if in fact there are tools available to assist in the collaborative problem solving and software development process. It must be understood at the outset that problem solving is at the heart of software development. Without amplifying the collaborative problem solving steps required for developing an effective and efficient solution, a much less then accurate solution will result. The paper provides a review of collaborative problem solving techniques and groupware in the software development domain, covering both methodology and technology. There are three areas of focus in the paper: collaborative problem solving and decision making; groupware theory and tools; and group cognition and psychology. The review is followed by analysis of the collaboration models and tools as well as their potential impact on software development. The paper ends with a discussion of future work that will include developing a tool which incorporates a problem solving model and collaborative structures for the software development domain. Reference Type: Book Section Record Number: 7846 Author: Groher, Iris and Weinreich, Rainer Year: 2015 Title: Collecting Requirements and Ideas for Architectural Group Decision-Making Based on Four Approaches Editor: Weyns, Danny, Mirandola, Raffaela and Crnkovic, Ivica Book Title: Software Architecture: 9th European Conference, ECSA 2015, Dubrovnik/Cavtat, Croatia, September 7-11, 2015. Proceedings Place Published: Cham Publisher: Springer International Publishing Pages: 181-192 Short Title: Collecting Requirements and Ideas for Architectural Group Decision-Making Based on Four Approaches ISBN: 978-3-319-23727-5 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-23727-5_15 Label: Groher2015 Abstract: To collect requirements and ideas for architectural group decision-making (GDM), we present and analyze four different approaches to GDM that were developed by master’s students in a practical course at our university. The students involved had about five years of practical experience on average, and roughly 80 % of the students were working as software engineers while enrolled. We analyze the four approaches based on the criteria for evaluating approaches to architectural GDM defined by Rekha and Muccini; nearly all approaches fulfilled most criteria. Two criteria – support for conflict resolution and revisiting information – were partly addressed. The criterion of prioritizing group members was not addressed at all. The student-developed approaches provided some new ideas for architectural GDM, such as communication between stakeholders directly in the GDM tool and review of decisions after they have been made. URL: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-23727-5_15 Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9234 Author: Mcheick, H. and Yan, Qi Year of Conference: 2012 Title: Combination of connectors with loosely coupled architecture based on aspect-oriented computing Conference Name: 2012 International Conference on Communications and Information Technology (ICCIT) Pages: 97-101 Date: 26-28 June 2012 Short Title: Combination of connectors with loosely coupled architecture based on aspect-oriented computing DOI: 10.1109/ICCITechnol.2012.6285850 Keywords: Java aspect-oriented programming computational complexity distributed processing middleware shared memory systems software architecture AOP technology AspectJ UDP Socket aspect-oriented computing design pattern distributed systems large scale software systems loosely coupled architecture loosely coupled system architecture publish-subscribe design pattern shared memory software complexity systems architectures Computer architecture Connectors Programming Protocols Publish-subscribe AOP Connector Message passing Abstract: Software architecture has a vital role in achieving quality goals for large scale software systems which is made up of components and connectors. For reducing the complexity of software, components and connectors are applied to understanding, designing, and implementing software, especially connectors residing in distributed systems. To satisfy requirements of interaction between various components, it is time and cost consuming process to create a connector. In particular, it is often difficult to select only one type of connector to develop connectors in distributed systems. To address the difficulties, our research focuses on the issue: how do traditional types of connectors, in combination with new technologies in distributed systems, provide systems architectures with loosely coupled structures. In this paper, we propose an approach to the combination of connectors in order to provide distributed systems with loosely coupled interaction. Our approach involves AOP technology and design pattern, as well as messaging systems. In the end, we present an example of our approach in which we show a connector designed by combining the AspectJ, shared memory, UDP Socket and publish-subscribe design pattern with the aim of designing a loosely coupled system architecture. Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 8098 Author: Maras, Josip, Ljiljana, #352, eri, #263, Maja, #352, tula, Uki, Nenad and #263 Year: 2015 Title: Combining education, industry, and empirical studies in Software Engineering: an experience report Conference Name: Proceedings of the 2015 European Conference on Software Architecture Workshops Conference Location: Dubrovnik, Cavtat, Croatia Publisher: ACM Pages: 1-5 DOI: 10.1145/2797433.2797472 Place Published: 2797472 Abstract: Software industry is one of the most pervasive industries today and has a great impact on our day-to-day lives. At the same time, the quality of software systems is directly related to the quality of software engineers -- it is the responsibility of software engineering educators to provide students with relevant skills needed for the development of high-quality software systems. Amongst the cornerstones of developing high-quality software systems are industry-relevant experience and the ability to quantify certain aspects of the software development process. In this paper, we describe our experience of performing an empirical study on students, during a software engineering course, on an industry-relevant topic taught by an industry expert -- the understandability of models in model-driven engineering. Notes: on students - exclusion Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8062 Author: Ocker, Rosalie J. and Fjermestad, Jerry Year: 2008 Title: Communication differences in virtual design teams: findings from a multi-method analysis of high and low performing experimental teams Journal: SIGMIS Database Volume: 39 Issue: 1 Pages: 51-67 Short Title: Communication differences in virtual design teams: findings from a multi-method analysis of high and low performing experimental teams ISSN: 0095-0033 DOI: 10.1145/1341971.1341977 Legal Note: 1341977 Abstract: This multi-method study distinguishes between four high performing and four low performing fully distributed virtual design teams, through an analysis of their asynchronous communication. Results indicate that these teams were similar in terms of the number of messages exchanged, the amount of communication devoted to aspects of design, and the amount and proportion of communication spent on team coordination, supportive commentary, and "other" topics. However, high performing teams were more verbose---they communicated more words. They also spent less time in brainstorming activities. Rather, high performing teams engaged in more critical commentary and active debate, compared to low performing teams. High performing teams conducted more in-depth discussions in the form of argumentation, as ideas were developed through an interactive debate of the pros and cons of issues. This debate resulted in the need for summaries, which served a dual role as they became intermediate steps in the process of writing the report deliverable Notes: students 'File' Attachments: internal-pdf://2982054805/Communication differences in virtual design te.pdf Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9419 Author: Oliveira, C. and Wermelinger, M. Year of Conference: 2004 Title: The CommUnity workbench Conference Name: Proceedings. 26th International Conference on Software Engineering Pages: 709-710 Date: 23-28 May 2004 Short Title: The CommUnity workbench ISBN: 0270-5257 DOI: 10.1109/ICSE.2004.1317499 Keywords: formal specification program visualisation software architecture CommUnity workbench Goguen categorical approach Unity programs graphical visualization open systems parallel program design language reconfigurable systems systems theory textual specification Calculus Client-server systems Computer architecture Connectors Distributed computing Printers Scholarships Topology Visualization Abstract: CommUnity proposes a formal approach to software architecture. It uses a parallel program design language in the style of Unity programs (Chandy and Misra, 1988), combining elements from IP (Francez and Forman, 1996). The concepts of software architecture - including configuration, connection, connector, component, instantiation - are clearly defined. CommUnity was initially developed to show how programs fit into Goguen's categorical approach to general systems theory. Since then, the language and its framework have been extended to provide a formal platform for the architectural design of open and reconfigurable systems (Fiadeiro et al., 2003). This paper describes an extension of a previous demo we presented at ICSE'02 (Wermelinger and Oliveira, 2002). This extension concerns: connectors; a graphical mode to visualize and/or update interactions; an expert utility to save the whole architecture or just some connectors as a textual specification which can then be easily read without the tool; the distribution and mobility constructs. Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9418 Author: Rodríguez, L. M. G., Ampatzoglou, A., Avgeriou, P. and Nakagawa, E. Y. Year of Conference: 2015 Title: A Comparative Analysis of Reference Architectures for Healthcare in the Ambient Assisted Living Domain Conference Name: 2015 IEEE 28th International Symposium on Computer-Based Medical Systems Pages: 270-275 Date: 22-25 June 2015 Short Title: A Comparative Analysis of Reference Architectures for Healthcare in the Ambient Assisted Living Domain ISBN: 1063-7125 DOI: 10.1109/CBMS.2015.29 Keywords: assisted living geriatrics medical computing patient care software architecture AAL domain AAL systems Ambient Assisted Living systems design expertise economical issues health-related activities healthcare RA healthcare issues healthcare systems intensive care population aging reference architectures social issues software projects software system development software system evolution software system standardization Computer architecture Guidelines Medical services Monitoring Software systems Standards Ambient Assisted Living Healthcare Interoperability Reference Architecture Abstract: Population aging has brought important challenges at social, economical, and healthcare issues, mainly due to the increasing number of people that need intensive care. Ambient Assisted Living (AAL) systems that aim at assisting people in their health-related activities have emerged. In another perspective, Reference Architectures (RAs) are a special type of software architecture that promotes reuse of design expertise and facilitates the development, standardization, and evolution of software systems. During the last years, important RAs for AAL systems have been created. However, there is a lack of studies that compare RAs for healthcare systems in AAL domain, making the selection among RAs a rather difficult task. In this paper, we present a comparative analysis and evaluate the completeness of that healthcare RAs. Specifically, we intend to offer: (i) a guide to select the most complete and adequate RA for software projects, and (ii) to describe research directions to improve existing and future RAs for that systems. Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 8125 Author: Exter, Marisa Year: 2014 Title: Comparing educational experiences and on-the-job needs of educational software designers Conference Name: Proceedings of the 45th ACM technical symposium on Computer science education Conference Location: Atlanta, Georgia, USA Publisher: ACM Pages: 355-360 DOI: 10.1145/2538862.2538970 Place Published: 2538970 Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 8121 Author: Schroeder, Jan, Berger, Christian, Herpel, Thomas and Staron, Miroslaw Year: 2015 Title: Comparing the applicability of complexity measurements for simulink models during integration testing: an industrial case study Conference Name: Proceedings of the Second International Workshop on Software Architecture and Metrics Conference Location: Florence, Italy Publisher: IEEE Press Pages: 35-40 Place Published: 2821335 Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8669 Author: Zhao, M., Wohlin, C., Ohlsson, N. and Xie, M. Year: 1998 Title: A comparison between software design and code metrics for the prediction of software fault content Journal: Information and Software Technology Volume: 40 Issue: 14 Pages: 801-809 Date: 12/1/ Short Title: A comparison between software design and code metrics for the prediction of software fault content ISSN: 0950-5849 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0950-5849(98)00098-6 Keywords: Software metrics Correlation analysis Fault prediction Metric selection Regression analysis Abstract: Software metrics play an important role in measuring the quality of software. It is desirable to predict the quality of software as early as possible, and hence metrics have to be collected early as well. This raises a number of questions that has not been fully answered. In this paper we discuss, prediction of fault content and try to answer what type of metrics should be collected, to what extent design metrics can be used for prediction, and to what degree prediction accuracy can be improved if code metrics are included. Based on a data set collected from a real project, we found that both design and code metrics are correlated with the number of faults. When the metrics are used to build prediction models of the number of faults, the design metrics are as good as the code metrics, little improvement can be achieved if both design metrics and code metrics are used to model the relationship between the number of faults and the software metrics. The empirical results from this study indicate that the structural properties of the software influencing the fault content is established before the coding phase. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0950584998000986 Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 8888 Author: Bittencourt, R. A. and Guerrero, D. D. S. Year of Conference: 2009 Title: Comparison of Graph Clustering Algorithms for Recovering Software Architecture Module Views Conference Name: 2009 13th European Conference on Software Maintenance and Reengineering Pages: 251-254 Date: 24-27 March 2009 Short Title: Comparison of Graph Clustering Algorithms for Recovering Software Architecture Module Views ISBN: 1534-5351 DOI: 10.1109/CSMR.2009.28 Keywords: graph theory pattern clustering software architecture system recovery authoritativeness automated clustering techniques cluster distribution expert-assisted architecture recovery process graph clustering algorithms k-means algorithm modularization quality algorithm software architecture module views software architecture recovery Algorithm design and analysis Clustering algorithms Computer architecture Data mining Extremities Partitioning algorithms Software algorithms Software maintenance Stability criteria architecture module views architecture recovery graph clustering reverse engineering Abstract: In the domain of software architecture recovery, classical clustering algorithms have been used to recover module views, while new ones have been proposed to tackle specific software architecture issues. Nonetheless, little information concerning their empirical evaluation in this context is presently available. This paper presents an empirical study that evaluates four clustering algorithms according to three previously proposed criteria: extremity of cluster distribution, authoritativeness, and stability, which were measured against consecutive releases of four different systems. Our results suggest that the k-means algorithm performs best in terms of authoritativeness and extremity and that the modularization quality algorithm produces more stable clusters. They also point out that fully automated clustering techniques alone cannot recover module views in a sensible way, but may provide a reasonable first step to speed up an expert-assisted architecture recovery process. Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9170 Author: Xu, T., Liu, Z., Tang, T., Zheng, W. and Zhao, L. Year of Conference: 2012 Title: Component Based Design of Fault Tolerant Devices in Cyber Physical System Conference Name: 2012 IEEE 15th International Symposium on Object/Component/Service-Oriented Real-Time Distributed Computing Workshops Pages: 37-42 Date: 11-11 April 2012 Short Title: Component Based Design of Fault Tolerant Devices in Cyber Physical System DOI: 10.1109/ISORCW.2012.17 Keywords: Unified Modeling Language fault trees object-oriented programming program verification railways safety-critical software software architecture software fault tolerance software quality component based design component based development component fault tree cyber physical system fault tolerant devices fault tolerant patterns fault tolerant software architecture fault tolerant systems large scale software system odemetry safe system product quality safety critical systems software complexity software engineering system safety analysis system safety engineering systematical validation systematical verification train control domain unified formal framework unified rigorous development process Acceleration Fault tolerance Hazards Sensor fusion Fault Tolerant Train Control Systems Abstract: The complexity of software in safety critical systems has increased significantly over the last ten years so that how to tackle the complexity and gain high dependable software plays an important roles in ensuring the overall product quality. In this context, component based development (CBD) has been successfully applied to large scale software system in the fields of Software Engineering. Similarly, System Safety Analysis (SSA) has also gained wide used in critical systems in the fields of System Safety Engineering. But they often used their methodology in isolation. Furthermore, shortage of unified formal framework to bridge the gap between the CBD and SSA make it hard to integrate them into a unified rigorous development process for safety critical systems. This paper describes a new approach called Component Fault Tree and Fault Tolerant pattern guided Fault Tolerant Software Architecture (CFT3SA), which bridge the gap between CBD and SSA to realize the seamless integration of CBD and SSA. Furthermore, the formal definitions of Component Fault Tree, Fault tolerant Pattern underpin the systematical verification and validation of fault tolerant systems. A case study from the Odemetry Safe System in the train control domain has been used to valuate the feasibility of the proposed fault tolerant software architectural solution. Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9048 Author: Budgen, D. and Pohthong, A. Year of Conference: 1999 Title: Component reuse in software design: an observational study Conference Name: Software Technology and Engineering Practice, 1999. STEP '99. Proceedings Pages: 63-72 Date: 1999 Short Title: Component reuse in software design: an observational study DOI: 10.1109/STEP.1999.798480 Keywords: Unix software reusability subroutines system documentation Unix processes component documentation component-based software development goodness of fit opportunistic strategy software component reuse software design software engineering research Component architectures Computer science Decision making Design methodology Documentation Electrical capacitance tomography Electronic switching systems Process design Programming Abstract: The adoption of a component-based strategy for software development is likely to require a major paradigm shift in design practices in order to incorporate such factors as reuse and goodness of fit. This paper describes an empirical study that we have performed to investigate how designers' strategies evolve when using Unix processes as components. Our results suggest that, as they gain confidence, designers adopt a more strongly opportunistic strategy, and we particularly identify the importance of having access to component documentation when making design decisions, regardless of a designer's detailed solution strategy. We conclude by identifying some of the attributes that will be needed in any tools and environments that are intended to support component-based software development, and discuss the role that studies of this type can play in software engineering research Notes: students 'File' Atttachments: internal-pdf://4163133649/Component reuse in software design an observat.pdf Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 8937 Author: Chen, L., Huang, L. and Li, C. Year of Conference: 2012 Title: Component Substitutability Behavior Consistency Verification Based on Architecture-driven Development Conference Name: 2012 IEEE 26th International Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium Workshops & PhD Forum Pages: 1556-1562 Date: 21-25 May 2012 Short Title: Component Substitutability Behavior Consistency Verification Based on Architecture-driven Development DOI: 10.1109/IPDPSW.2012.196 Keywords: distributed processing formal specification formal verification object-oriented programming pi calculus software architecture π -ADL architecture description language architecture-driven development component substitutability behavior consistency verification component-based software development dependable software architecture design distributed environment higher-order π -calculus semantic correctness software engineering software systems Authentication Computer architecture Connectors Semantics Syntactics Higher-order p-Calculus behavior consistency dependability p-ADL Abstract: Component-based software development (short for CBSD) is to develop software systems by choosing appropriate components in the distributed environment to assemble a dependable software architecture, which satisfies requirements. This new paradigm plays a key role in the software engineering and also brings new challenges to the dependable software architecture design. In this paper, firstly we introduce an architecture description language-π-ADL to specify the software architecture based on component. Secondly based on Higher-Order π-calculus, we give a formal method to verify the behavior consistency of component substitutability. In this way, we can forecast errors and enhance the semantic correctness of the software architecture from the design stage. Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 8052 Author: Melo, Felipe Martins, #193 and lvaro Pereira, Jr. Year: 2011 Title: A component-based open-source framework for general-purpose recommender systems Conference Name: Proceedings of the 14th international ACM Sigsoft symposium on Component based software engineering Conference Location: Boulder, Colorado, USA Publisher: ACM Pages: 67-72 DOI: 10.1145/2000229.2000239 Place Published: 2000239 Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9644 Author: Jiang, M. and Yang, Z. Year of Conference: 2006 Title: A Component-Based Service Creation Framework for Mobile Applications Conference Name: 2006 IEEE International Conference on Information Reuse & Integration Pages: 307-312 Date: 16-18 Sept. 2006 Short Title: A Component-Based Service Creation Framework for Mobile Applications DOI: 10.1109/IRI.2006.252431 Keywords: mobile computing object-oriented programming J2EE UML component-based design component-based service creation high level design abstraction message service mobile application mobile data services Access protocols Application software Computer architecture Mobile communication Software maintenance Unified modeling language Wireless application protocol Wireless communication message services Abstract: The design and development of mobile data services is a complex undertaking that demands expertise from system architecture, software design, wireless communication protocols, to the integration of legacy systems. Service designers have to deal with various aspects and issues at both system and application levels where the complexity and heterogeneity of the network infrastructure have to be considered. This paper describes a component-based service creation framework to simplify the design and development of mobile data services. With high level design abstraction, constraints of application domains, and the guidance of domain rules, a component-based framework enables rapid creation of mobile data services. Case studies which show the development and deployment of mobile applications are presented Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8190 Author: Riehle, Dirk Year: 1997 Title: Composite design patterns Journal: SIGPLAN Not. Volume: 32 Issue: 10 Pages: 218-228 Short Title: Composite design patterns ISSN: 0362-1340 DOI: 10.1145/263700.263739 Legal Note: 263739 Abstract: Software design patterns are the core abstractions from successful recurring problem solutions in software design. Composite design patterns are the core abstractions from successful recurring frameworks. A composite design pattern is a pattern that is best described as the composition of further patterns the integration of which shows a synergy that makes the composition more than just the sum of its parts. This paper presents examples of composite patterns, discusses a role-based analysis and composition technique, and demonstrates that composite patterns extend the pattern idea from single problem solutions to object-oriented frameworks. Notes: just example of patterns Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 8191 Author: Riehle, Dirk Year: 1997 Title: Composite design patterns Conference Name: Proceedings of the 12th ACM SIGPLAN conference on Object-oriented programming, systems, languages, and applications Conference Location: Atlanta, Georgia, USA Publisher: ACM Pages: 218-228 DOI: 10.1145/263698.263739 Place Published: 263739 Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 7969 Author: Ohlenbusch, Helgo M. and Heineman, George T. Year: 1998 Title: Composition and interfaces within software architecture Conference Name: Proceedings of the 1998 conference of the Centre for Advanced Studies on Collaborative research Conference Location: Toronto, Ontario, Canada Publisher: IBM Press Pages: 17 Place Published: 783177 Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8654 Author: Huang, He-Qing, Yong-Jing, Lu, Lin, Qing-Mei, Zhou, Hui-Qin and Huang, Lin Year: 2007 Title: Composition, Structure and Function from Endopeptidease of Aplysia Egg Analyzed with Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization-Time of Flight-Mass Spectrometry Journal: Chinese Journal of Analytical Chemistry Volume: 35 Issue: 8 Pages: 1105-1110 Date: 8// Short Title: Composition, Structure and Function from Endopeptidease of Aplysia Egg Analyzed with Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization-Time of Flight-Mass Spectrometry ISSN: 1872-2040 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S1872-2040(07)60072-3 Keywords: Aplysia Endopeptidase Mass spectrometry Attractin Insulin Abstract: Endopeptidase of Aplysia egg (AEE) was purified on two column chromatography of both DEAE-52 cellulose and Sephadex G-150 for analysis of mass spectrometry. SDS-PAGE revealed the AEE purity and the molecular weight of its subunit at 39.0 kDa, called AEE39. The results from matrix assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight-mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS) showed that AEE39 consisted of single subunit type [M], indicating that the ratio of mass to change (m/z) in AEE39 was 12738.17, 18108.79 and 38221.42, providing molecular formula [M + 3H]3+, [M + 2H]2+ and [M + H]+. Using probe of insulin, a combined technology of metal cheater EDTA and MALDI-TOF-MS was employed to measure the molecular weight in AEE39 and to identify its metal type, which showed an accurate molecular weight of 38221.42 Da and found metal zinc in AEE39. AEE39 has the capacity for degrading INS, which provided cleavage peptides measured with MALDI-TOF MS at m/z 1449.51, 2085.84, 4080.41 and 4165.42. Special software designed by the author was used to analyze the amino acids sequences of degradation produces and to identify the cleavage sites in INS. As a conclusion, it was found that the best cleavage site that degraded with AEE39 was Leu-X (X: residues of amino acid) in INS, followed by Glu-X. In addition, the results indicated that Phen-X, Asn-X and Ser-X in INS can also be degraded by the endopeptidase. By comparing the molecular structures of both INS and attractin, it was found that one of the main functions in AEE39 was responsible for degrading the attractin in eggs, which may play an important role in informational intercourse, recalling, recognizing, and mating. In addition, AEE39 had another novel function for degrading Leu-Leu in acidic peptide. AEE39 is a multifunctional ednopeptidase. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1872204007600723 Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9208 Author: Keller, R. K. and Schauer, R. Year of Conference: 1998 Title: A compositional approach to software design Conference Name: Proceedings of the Thirty-First Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences Volume: 5 Pages: 386-395 vol.5 Date: 6-9 Jan 1998 Short Title: A compositional approach to software design DOI: 10.1109/HICSS.1998.648334 Keywords: object-oriented methods software quality software reusability subroutines changeable software architectures component software models component-based software development compositional approach concreteness design components design composition design environment design process formal expertise independently evolving building blocks informal expertise object-oriented design prefabricated configurable building blocks reified design patterns reusable software architectures scope software design specificity systems implementation Application software Assembly Councils Electronic mail Object oriented modeling Process design Programming profession Software engineering Abstract: Component software models promote software development by the assembly of prefabricated, configurable and independently evolving building blocks. Although effective for systems implementation, this approach is inadequate for the creation of reusable and changeable software architectures. Design patterns address these shortcomings of component-based software development by capturing the formal and informal expertise that is necessary for a reusable solution to a recurring problem. However, so far, there is no methodical approach to providing these building blocks in a tangible, flexible and composable form. To address this limitation, we introduce design components, which are reified design patterns fitted for component software. We detail the activities of design composition and illustrate them as a process within a 3D space of concreteness, specificity and scope. To evaluate design components and put them into perspective, we discuss their contribution in respect to important software quality properties Notes: just example - not skill Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 7978 Author: Dashofy, Eric M., Andr, #233, Hoek, van der and Taylor, Richard N. Year: 2005 Title: A comprehensive approach for the development of modular software architecture description languages Journal: ACM Trans. Softw. Eng. Methodol. Volume: 14 Issue: 2 Pages: 199-245 Short Title: A comprehensive approach for the development of modular software architecture description languages ISSN: 1049-331X DOI: 10.1145/1061254.1061258 Legal Note: 1061258 Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9625 Author: Burger, M., Bischof, C. and Wackerfuß, J. Year of Conference: 2016 Title: Compressed symmetric graphs for the simulation of super carbon nanotubes Conference Name: 2016 International Conference on High Performance Computing & Simulation (HPCS) Pages: 286-293 Date: 18-22 July 2016 Short Title: Compressed symmetric graphs for the simulation of super carbon nanotubes DOI: 10.1109/HPCSim.2016.7568348 Keywords: cache storage carbon nanotubes compressive strength digital simulation graph theory matrix algebra mechanical engineering computing random-access storage CSG HPC system OpenMP parallelization RAM SCNT compressed symmetric graphs compression ratios data access-time graph algebra graph model graph structure high performance computing matrix-free solving approach mechanical behavior simulation parallelizable data structure rotational symmetry software-controlled cache structural symmetry super carbon nanotubes simulation translational symmetry Algebra Carbon Data structures Electron tubes Indexes Junctions Load Balancing and Sharing Modeling and Simulation using HPC Systems Abstract: In this paper, we present an extremely space-saving, yet parallelizable, data structure called Compressed Symmetric Graphs (CSGs) for the simulation of Super Carbon Nanotubes (SCNTs) modeled by a graph algebra. CSGs can drastically reduce the amount of data to represent a SCNT by exploiting inherent symmetry and hierarchy to dynamically reconstruct symmetric parts from base elements as needed. This new graph structure is integrated in an existing matrix-free solving approach for simulating the mechanical behavior of SCNTs. We extend previous investigations on structural symmetry in SCNTs to now simultaneously exploit translational and rotational symmetry, thus multiplying their effects. As a result, we can reach compression ratios of over 100 for some SCNT configurations. The memory demand is further reduced by replacing the m-tuples identifying the nodes in the graph model via a structure-related compression by a serial index that can be unfolded on demand. Finally, we use still available RAM as a software-controlled cache for storing intermediate values, reducing recomputations. In this fashion, our code can represent very large configurations, but makes optimal use of the hardware at hand. We investigate for order 0 and 1 SCNTs the impact of the data access-time in CSGs on the total runtime and a suitable OpenMP parallelization strategy for minimizing this influence. We demonstrate that as a result, the new CSGs approach significantly reduces the runtime, by a factor between 1.3 and 12. While the graph algebra underlying this work was designed for the representation of SCNTs, we believe that the algorithmic principles with respect to the exploitation of structure and efficient software design are relevant to other graph settings, where hierarchy and replication play an important role in the graph design. In these cases, CSGs can help to overcome the per node/core memory-capacity limitation of current HPC systems. Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9346 Author: Nguyen, S. M., Tanguy, P. and Remy-Neris, O. Year of Conference: 2016 Title: Computational architecture of a robot coach for physical exercises in kinaesthetic rehabilitation Conference Name: 2016 25th IEEE International Symposium on Robot and Human Interactive Communication (RO-MAN) Pages: 1138-1143 Date: 26-31 Aug. 2016 Short Title: Computational architecture of a robot coach for physical exercises in kinaesthetic rehabilitation DOI: 10.1109/ROMAN.2016.7745251 Keywords: Gaussian processes human-robot interaction intelligent robots learning (artificial intelligence) medical robotics mixture models patient rehabilitation Gaussian mixture models computational architecture imitation learning techniques kinaesthetic rehabilitation medical experts physical rehabilitation exercise robot coach software architecture Back Gaussian mixture model Pain Robot sensing systems Senior citizens Abstract: The rising number of the elderly incurs growing concern about healthcare, and in particular rehabilitation healthcare. Assistive technology and and assistive robotics in particular may help to improve this process. We develop a robot coach capable of demonstrating rehabilitation exercises to patients, watch a patient carry out the exercises and give him feedback so as to improve his performance and encourage him. We propose a general software architecture for our robot coach, which is based on imitation learning techniques using Gaussian Mixture Models. Our system is thus easily programmable by medical experts without specific robotics knowledge, as well as capable of personalised audio feedback to patients indicating useful information to improve on their physical rehabilitation exercise. Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9403 Author: Ye, Bangyan and Zhou, Zehua Year of Conference: 1994 Title: Computer aided real time testing and evaluating for machined surface profile parameters Conference Name: Industrial Technology, 1994., Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Pages: 414-417 Date: 5-9 Dec 1994 Short Title: Computer aided real time testing and evaluating for machined surface profile parameters DOI: 10.1109/ICIT.1994.467084 Keywords: machining manufacturing data processing production control production testing real-time systems self-adjusting systems data processing machined surface profile parameter analysis real time testing self-adaptive measurement Computer displays Computer graphics Real time systems Sampling methods Surface resistance Surface topography Testing Time measurement Abstract: Correct measurement and evaluation of machined surface profile parameters plays an important role in production of machine parts. In this study, a computer aided real time analyzing system for determining the parameters of machined surface profile is introduced as well as the software design. In this system, the real time data processing and self-adaptive measurement technique are applied. As a result the input operation of the measurement is reduced to the minimum and the accuracy of the measurements increased Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8700 Author: Antonov, A., Ratchev, B., Iwanov, S., Nikolov, N., Nikolov, W. and Stojtschev, L. Year: 1988 Title: Computer Architecture and Software Design of a Distributed Digital Integrating Machine Journal: IFAC Proceedings Volumes Volume: 21 Issue: 19 Pages: 221-226 Date: 6// Short Title: Computer Architecture and Software Design of a Distributed Digital Integrating Machine ISSN: 1474-6670 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S1474-6670(17)54496-1 Keywords: computer architecture Differential analysers Partial differential equations Microprocessors Microprogramming Symbolic programming Symmetrical System of Shannon Equations (SSSE) Abstract: Computer integrating environments, based on differential equation of Shannon. have been successfully tested as a processing mechanism for the implementation of distributed homogeneous integrating networks in several fields of control system applications . The paper presents the mathematical models. the architecture. the microprogram design and the symbolic programming system of a distributed digital integrating machine. based on fast 16 - bit bipolar microprogrammed microprocessors. which homogeneous parallel integrating structures. After a short introduction in the mathematical theory the working power of the basic computing elements (DDA, servo-adder, comparator), the internal structure of the basic integrating modules, their microprogram design and the internal and external programmable commutation mechanism are explained. An expert system for programming of the machine, implemented in Prolog on IBM-PC, which determines by symbolic equation transformation the connections in the structure and the initial integrating values, is discussed. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1474667017544961 Access Date: 1988/7// Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8703 Author: Hardt, Shoshana L. and MacFadden, Douglas H. Year: 1987 Title: Computer assisted psychiatric diagnosis: Experiments in software design Journal: Computers in Biology and Medicine Volume: 17 Issue: 4 Pages: 229-237 Date: // Short Title: Computer assisted psychiatric diagnosis: Experiments in software design ISSN: 0010-4825 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0010-4825(87)90009-6 Keywords: Knowledge based systems Computer aided diagnosis Psychiatric diagnosis Expert systems in medicine Artificial Intelligence (AI) Abstract: The process of psychiatric diagnosis involves the real-time utilization of large amounts of knowledge to maintain and test multiple hypotheses. Therefore, the development of an on-line computerized assistant that can aid a clinician performing psychiatric diagnoses presents challenging problems in data-base organization and retrieval. We have developed the DUNE (Diagnostic Understanding of Natural Events) system architecture that organizes the knowledge around processing structures. The system was designed as a shell for expert-systems that aid diagnoses and assessment tasks in ill-structured domains in general. These domains have previously proven unfeasible for traditional expert-systems such as rule based systems. Currently, DUNE contains sufficient knowledge to aid the diagnosis of anxiety and affective disorders. Among DUNE's advantages: a large degree of tolerance to clinician errors, and flexibility at run time. In this paper, we discuss the general specifications for a program that can aid psychiatric diagnoses, and then describe DUNE and its capabilities. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0010482587900096 Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8650 Author: Lanzetta, M., Santochi, M. and Tantussi, G. Year: 1999 Title: Computer-Aided Visual Inspection in Assembly Journal: CIRP Annals - Manufacturing Technology Volume: 48 Issue: 1 Pages: 13-16 Date: // Short Title: Computer-Aided Visual Inspection in Assembly ISSN: 0007-8506 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0007-8506(07)63121-7 Keywords: Assembly Visual inspection Image analysis algorithm Abstract: Some of the more critical aspects for the diffusion of vision systems in assembly plants are the skill required for the system set-up, the definition of algorithms and the programming phase. In this paper a new methodology is proposed to reduce the implementation time and cost by means of a computer-aided system working off-line. The designed system named CAVIS (Computer Aided Visual Inspection System) integrates several modules as product and algorithm databases, expert system for decision support, CAD modeller to generate synthetic images and software design. Some of the modules are still at a development stage. The output are the vision devices configuration and the inspection software. CAVIS has been tested on an industrial application for error detection in assembly: a new general-purpose algorithm for visual inspection is presented and results are discussed. The main features of the algorithm are suitable with the described approach: easy programming, unnecessary vision operator's experience, and off-line preliminary estimation of parameters. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0007850607631217 Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8708 Author: Klar, R. and Bayer, U. Year: 1990 Title: Computer-assisted teaching and learning in medicine Journal: International Journal of Bio-Medical Computing Volume: 26 Issue: 1–2 Pages: 7-27 Date: 7// Short Title: Computer-assisted teaching and learning in medicine ISSN: 0020-7101 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0020-7101(90)90016-N Keywords: Computer-assisted instruction Simulation Learning software Medical education Expert systems Quality criteria Abstract: Induced mainly by the increased spreading of personal computers in the last few years computer-assisted instruction (CAI) systems for medicine have been developed on a large scale. Proven structure principles are above all the simulation of patient management in a problem-orientated approach, the mathematical simulation of (patho-) physiological functions independent of particular patients and the separation of educational mode and scoring mode. There exists already a large choice in programs dealing with topics of internal medicine — especially cardiology — while operative disciplines are less represented so far. Programs accredited in the US for continuing medical education (CME) are usually of high quality as to medical contents. Other important quality criteria to be mentioned concerning simulation programs are algorithms of medical decision making, completeness and refinement of the medical knowledge base, software design and user interface. CAI is a unique tool to enhance clinical problem solving skills although — of course — it can by no means replace bedside teaching. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/002071019090016N Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8258 Author: Wolz, Ursula, Palme, Jacob, Anderson, Penny, Chen, Zhi, Dunne, James, G\, \#246, Karlsson, ran, Laribi, Atika, M\, Sirkku, \#228, nnikk\, \#246, Spielvogel, Robert and Walker, Henry Year: 1997 Title: Computer-mediated communication in collaborative educational settings: report of the ITiCSE '97 working group on CMC in collaborative educational settings Journal: SIGCUE Outlook Volume: 25 Issue: 4 Pages: 51-68 Short Title: Computer-mediated communication in collaborative educational settings: report of the ITiCSE '97 working group on CMC in collaborative educational settings ISSN: 0163-5735 DOI: 10.1145/274382.274385 Legal Note: 274385 Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 8309 Author: Fr, #233, #233, Jourde, ric, Laurillau, Yann, Nigay, Laurence and Moran, Alberto Year: 2008 Title: Conception de systèmes collaboratifs multimodaux: analyse comparative de notations Conference Name: Proceedings of the 20th Conference on l'Interaction Homme-Machine Conference Location: Metz, France Publisher: ACM Pages: 121-128 DOI: 10.1145/1512714.1512738 Place Published: 1512738 Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 7977 Author: Orlic, Bojan, Mak, Rudolf, David, Ionut and Lukkien, Johan Year: 2011 Title: Concepts and diagram elements for architectural knowledge management Conference Name: Proceedings of the 5th European Conference on Software Architecture: Companion Volume Conference Location: Essen, Germany Publisher: ACM Pages: 1-10 DOI: 10.1145/2031759.2031763 Place Published: 2031763 Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8567 Author: Forrester, Michael A. Year: 1991 Title: A conceptual framework for investigating learning in conversations Journal: Computers & Education Volume: 17 Issue: 1 Pages: 61-72 Date: // Short Title: A conceptual framework for investigating learning in conversations ISSN: 0360-1315 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0360-1315(91)90073-Z Abstract: In response to the formidable problems involved in understanding the learning process and identifying evaluation principles, a case is made for conceptually distinguishing between learning as performance and the learning process. The role of conversation and the learning process is then considered and a conceptual framework for the study of conversation outlined. Three aspects are emphasized: conversation as model, conversation as medium and conversation as criteria. Within this framework a model of conversational participation and the learning process is proposed and exemplars of where it may usefully be applied suggested. Throughout, the implications of this view for software design are considered. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/036013159190073Z Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 7865 Author: Liu, Hong and Gluch, David P. Year: 2004 Title: Conceptual modeling with the object-process methodology in software architecture Journal: J. Comput. Sci. Coll. Volume: 19 Issue: 3 Pages: 10-21 Short Title: Conceptual modeling with the object-process methodology in software architecture ISSN: 1937-4771 Legal Note: 948836 Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9130 Author: Angel, J. M., C, G. E. Bravo and R, F. De la Rosa Year of Conference: 2010 Title: Conceptualization of Human Soccer Concepts to Robotic Soccer Architecture Conference Name: 2010 IEEE Electronics, Robotics and Automotive Mechanics Conference Pages: 502-507 Date: Sept. 28 2010-Oct. 1 2010 Short Title: Conceptualization of Human Soccer Concepts to Robotic Soccer Architecture DOI: 10.1109/CERMA.2010.62 Keywords: mobile robots multi-robot systems software architecture RoboCup human soccer coach human soccer concepts robotic soccer architecture Compounds Data structures Games Humans Robot kinematics Human Soccer Robot Soccer Role Strategy Tactic Abstract: In order to build a software architecture suitable to robotic soccer, it is necessary to model the base concepts of human soccer. In human soccer, the coach plays an important role in planning the moves, tactics and strategies to prepare its team to a match, while in robotic soccer the coach usually does not exist. The architecture must be concerned by concepts like coach, player, player's role, play/move, formation, tactic and strategy, in order to plan and play "correctly" a match. Although there exists other works using these terms, their definitions are not standardized, leading to confusion because they use the same term for different concepts. We propose a definition closer to human soccer facilitating the description of particular instances of players, tactics and strategies. In this way, a human soccer coach can express his ideas and apply them to a robotic soccer match. This paper presents these definitions, their relationships and their application helping the coach to describe his team, his strategies and to deal with the match dynamics. Software process will be used to build architecture and to implement the system. This system will be tested in the simulation category of Robo Cup. Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9405 Author: Se-Hung, Kwak and Thornton, F. P. B. Year of Conference: 1994 Title: A concurrent, object-oriented implementation for the tactical level of the rational behavior model software architecture for UUV control Conference Name: Autonomous Underwater Vehicle Technology, 1994. AUV '94., Proceedings of the 1994 Symposium on Pages: 54-60 Date: 19-20 Jul 1994 Short Title: A concurrent, object-oriented implementation for the tactical level of the rational behavior model software architecture for UUV control DOI: 10.1109/AUV.1994.518606 Keywords: digital simulation marine systems mobile robots object-oriented methods path planning Ada task construct NPS AUV high fidelity dynamic simulator UUV control autonomous underwater vehicles behavior activations concurrent object-oriented implementation execution levels rational behavior model software architecture robotic vehicles strategic level tactical level Bridges Computer science Concurrent computing Object oriented modeling Remotely operated vehicles Software architecture Underwater vehicles Vehicle dynamics Watches Abstract: The rational behavior model (RBM) is a tri-level, multiparadigm software architecture for robotic vehicles, such as autonomous underwater vehicles. Among the RBM's strategic, tactical, and execution levels, the tactical level performs a role to bridge the strategic and execution levels. That is, it provides behaviors to the strategic level and controls the execution level based on the commands (behavior activations) from the strategic level. To meet these requirements while maintaining non-interrupted vehicle operation, the tactical level has to be able to handle the concurrently operating behaviors. This paper describes a concurrent, object-oriented implementation for the tactical level of the NPS autonomous underwater vehicle with use of the Ada task construct. This paper also presents evaluation scenarios and results obtained from the NPS AUV high fidelity dynamic simulator Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 8836 Author: Monti, S., Nesci, W., Angellotti, S., Schellino, C., Seminara, M. and Wuesthenagen, R. Year of Conference: 2008 Title: Configuration and Change Management of the Outcomes of an Automotive Engine Control Model Based Software Design Process Conference Name: 2008 32nd Annual IEEE International Computer Software and Applications Conference Pages: 1065-1069 Date: July 28 2008-Aug. 1 2008 Short Title: Configuration and Change Management of the Outcomes of an Automotive Engine Control Model Based Software Design Process ISBN: 0730-3157 DOI: 10.1109/COMPSAC.2008.109 Keywords: automotive components control engineering computing engines program compilers software engineering automotive engine control change management embedded controllers hand-coded software model compilers process assessment models production quality software code software design process software engineers stakeholder requirements time-to-market Automotive engineering Data engineering Embedded software Maintenance engineering Production Software design Software maintenance Software quality Time to market Abstract: The adoption of model based design coupled with model compilers capable to generate production quality software code greatly improves the time-to-market and the capability to cope with the complexity of modern embedded controllers for automotive. As side-effect control and software engineers are in charge to deliver, maintain, and trace an increased amount of electronic outcomes such as executable models of controllers and systems, simulation test patterns, and acquisition data streams. Ensuring consistency of wide work-product collections, traceability towards stakeholder requirements, and compliancy with process assessment models requires the adoption of a development process in which model based development tool-chain deeply integrates with configuration and change management tools. This paper describes the approach and the actions that lead to the extension of a well established development process of hand-coded software to the new roles and skills introduced by model based design and the impact on the overall configuration and change management strategy. Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8574 Author: Turner, Cameron, Bishay, Hany, Bastien, Gabriel, Peng, Bo and Phillips, Robert C. Year: 2007 Title: Configuring policies in public health applications Journal: Expert Systems with Applications Volume: 32 Issue: 4 Pages: 1059-1072 Date: 5// Short Title: Configuring policies in public health applications ISSN: 0957-4174 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eswa.2006.02.018 Keywords: Policy management Expert system Public health Surveillance system Abstract: Public health is a complex practice due to the requirements of different jurisdictions. These requirements present a challenging environment in which to develop public health applications; software must be flexible in order to adapt to the complexities of different jurisdictions. One approach is to integrate policy management. Policies that define the rules governing an application can be created, modified, or deleted based on the deployment of that application. This paper describes a software architecture and expert system implementation of a policy manager designed to address jurisdictional requirements in public health applications. We define our policy requirements and policy model, the components of the architecture, and how the architecture has been used to implement our policy manager. Finally, we present examples of how the policy manager has configured policies used in three public health applications. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0957417406000820 Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9407 Author: Odegard, R. G., Sliwinski, T. K., King, E. T. and Hart, J. J. Year of Conference: 2011 Title: Configuring the Orion Guidance, Navigation, and Control flight software for automated sequencing Conference Name: 2011 Aerospace Conference Pages: 1-13 Date: 5-12 March 2011 Short Title: Configuring the Orion Guidance, Navigation, and Control flight software for automated sequencing ISBN: 1095-323X DOI: 10.1109/AERO.2011.5747472 Keywords: aerospace control aerospace simulation control engineering computing database management systems software architecture GN& C automation design GN& C software sequences Orion Crew Exploration Vehicle Orion guidance Orion navigation automated sequencing control flight software architecture data-driven approach desktop database configuration tool flight operations mission design simulation data management software certification Automation Databases Navigation Software Software algorithms Space vehicles Abstract: The Orion Crew Exploration Vehicle is being designed with greater automation capabilities than any other crewed spacecraft in NASA's history. The Guidance, Navigation, and Control (GN&C) flight software architecture is designed to provide a flexible and evolvable framework that accommodates increasing levels of automation over time. Within the GN&C flight software, a data-driven approach is used to configure the software. This approach allows data reconfiguration and updates to automated sequences without requiring recompilation of the software. Because of the great dependency of the automation and the flight software on the configuration data, the data management is a vital component of the processes for software certification, mission design, and flight operations. To enable the automated sequencing and data configuration of the GN&C subsystem on Orion, a desktop database configuration tool has been developed. The database tool allows the specification of the GN&C activity sequences, the automated transitions in the software, and the corresponding parameter reconfigurations. These aspects of the GN&C automation on Orion are all coordinated via data management, and the database tool provides the ability to test the automation capabilities during the development of the GN&C software. In addition to providing the infrastructure to manage the GN&C automation, the database tool has been designed with capabilities to import and export artifacts for simulation analysis and documentation purposes. Furthermore, the database configuration tool, currently used to manage simulation data, is envisioned to evolve into a mission planning tool for generating and testing GN&C software sequences and configurations. A key enabler of the GN&C automation design, the database tool allows both the creation and maintenance of the data artifacts, as well as serving the critical role of helping to manage, visualize, and understand the data-driv en parameters both during software development and throughout the life of the Orion project. Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 8072 Author: Popovic, Kresimir and Hocenski, Zeljko Year: 2009 Title: Conflict management Conference Name: Proceedings of the 2009 ICSE Workshop on Leadership and Management in Software Architecture Publisher: IEEE Computer Society Pages: 15-19 DOI: 10.1109/lmsa.2009.5074859 Place Published: 1564683 Abstract: Project managers must learn to recognize the signs and symptoms of disruptive conflict. Such signs would include poor communication among team members, a lack of openness, a lack of respect, unclear requirements, change between managers and employees, broken boundaries of social norms or groups, different backgrounds (educational, economic, cultural, political, etc.). The worst cases can disintegrate into personal stress, burnout, and workplace travesties. Once conflict has reached this stage, it will require a large amount of management time in order to deal with it. This will cause an additional decrease in productivity and efficiency rates, along with the accompanying added costs, risks, and duration delays. If left unmanaged, this type of conflict can even lead to employee sabotage and sometimes workplace violence. This position paper provides insight into qualities and social role that project manager as mediator and leader must possess because sometimes team members can't resolve conflicts collectively. Notes: focused on project managers to help teams Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 8775 Author: D, Tamzalit, N, Sadou and M, Oussalah Year of Conference: 2007 Title: Connectors conveying Software Architecture Evolution Conference Name: 31st Annual International Computer Software and Applications Conference (COMPSAC 2007) Volume: 1 Pages: 391-396 Date: 24-27 July 2007 Short Title: Connectors conveying Software Architecture Evolution ISBN: 0730-3157 DOI: 10.1109/COMPSAC.2007.97 Keywords: object-oriented programming software architecture software prototyping SAEV model component-based software evolution management software architecture evolution Application software Architecture description languages Coherence Computer applications Computer architecture Connectors Software systems Abstract: This paper presents our work on component-based software evolution. More precisely, we highlight how connectors enhance component-based software architecture evolution. Indeed, connectors, by their intermediary's position between components, can play an important role for automating the propagation of evolution impacts, while preserving the architecture coherence. For that, we outline connectors' characteristics that we consider as principal for aims of evolution management. We validate and exploit these characteristics on our evolution model SAEV (software architecture evolution model). To achieve this, we need to enrich the concept of connector with information about the degree of correlation and of dependency existing between components. For that, we propose to characterize the connector concept with semantic properties, namely: exclusivity/sharing, dependency/ independency, predominance/non predominance, cardinality and reverse cardinality. Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 8904 Author: Levendel, I. Year of Conference: 2006 Title: The consequences of variability in software Conference Name: 12th IEEE International On-Line Testing Symposium (IOLTS'06) Pages: 1 pp. Date: 10-12 July 2006 Short Title: The consequences of variability in software ISBN: 1942-9398 DOI: 10.1109/IOLTS.2006.60 Keywords: program testing software metrics software reliability model analysis software defects software development software instability software model software production software variance Analysis of variance Application software Computer industry Human factors Production Programming Software architecture Software development management Software testing Abstract: Summary form only given. Contrary to many other industrial processes, software production is characterized by an unusually high variance. This directly results from the significant role of the human factor in all the phases of its realization, and this will likely remain the case for a long time to come. In order to set the record straight, this presentation first analyzes various aspects of software metrics that demonstrate the heterogeneous nature of software and the variance in the software production process. We propose a new software model susceptible to acknowledge software variance and take advantage of it for managing the software development process. This model allows the identification of areas of software instability that are caused by the concentration of software defects. Two major applications are derived from the model analysis. First, the model provides a method for evaluating the "goodness" of the software architecture. The model can also be used to balance the budgeting of the testing effort among the various software functionalities and their interactions. We also discuss potential applications of the recognition of software variability for developing reactive real-time methods for improving software dependability Notes: does not focus on behavior Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 7728 Author: Nakagawa, E. Y., Guessi, M., Maldonado, J. C., Feitosa, D. and Oquendo, F. Year of Conference: 2014 Title: Consolidating a Process for the Design, Representation, and Evaluation of Reference Architectures Conference Name: 2014 IEEE/IFIP Conference on Software Architecture Pages: 143-152 Date: 7-11 April 2014 Short Title: Consolidating a Process for the Design, Representation, and Evaluation of Reference Architectures DOI: 10.1109/WICSA.2014.25 Keywords: control engineering computing robots software architecture ProSA-RA process ad-hoc approach design expertise reference architecture design reference architecture evaluation reference architecture representation robotics domain software system development software system evolution software system standardization specific domain understanding Architecture Computer architecture Ontologies Software systems Unified modeling language Reference architecture reference architecture model robotics Abstract: Reference architectures have emerged as a special type of software architecture that achieves well-recognized understanding of specific domains, promoting reuse of design expertise and facilitating the development, standardization, and evolution of software systems. Because of their advantages, several reference architectures have been proposed and have been also successfully used, including in the industry. However, the most of these architectures are still built using an ad-hoc approach, lacking of a systematization to their construction. If existing, these approaches could motivate and promote the building of new architectures and also support evolution of existing ones. In this scenario, the main contribution of this paper is to present the evolution of ProSA-RA, a process that systematizes the design, representation, and evaluation of reference architectures. ProSA-RA has been already applied in the establishment of reference architectures for different domains and this experience was used to evolve our process. In this paper, we illustrate an application of ProSA-RA in the robotics domain. Results achieved through the use of ProSA-RA have showed us that it is a viable, efficient process and, as a consequence, it could contribute to the reuse of knowledge in several applications domains, by promoting the establishment of new reference architectures. Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9376 Author: Nakagawa, E. Y., Guessi, M., Maldonado, J. C., Feitosa, D. and Oquendo, F. Year of Conference: 2014 Title: Consolidating a Process for the Design, Representation, and Evaluation of Reference Architectures Conference Name: 2014 IEEE/IFIP Conference on Software Architecture Pages: 143-152 Date: 7-11 April 2014 Short Title: Consolidating a Process for the Design, Representation, and Evaluation of Reference Architectures DOI: 10.1109/WICSA.2014.25 Keywords: control engineering computing robots software architecture ProSA-RA process ad-hoc approach design expertise reference architecture design reference architecture evaluation reference architecture representation robotics domain software system development software system evolution software system standardization specific domain understanding Architecture Computer architecture Ontologies Software systems Unified modeling language Reference architecture reference architecture model robotics Abstract: Reference architectures have emerged as a special type of software architecture that achieves well-recognized understanding of specific domains, promoting reuse of design expertise and facilitating the development, standardization, and evolution of software systems. Because of their advantages, several reference architectures have been proposed and have been also successfully used, including in the industry. However, the most of these architectures are still built using an ad-hoc approach, lacking of a systematization to their construction. If existing, these approaches could motivate and promote the building of new architectures and also support evolution of existing ones. In this scenario, the main contribution of this paper is to present the evolution of ProSA-RA, a process that systematizes the design, representation, and evaluation of reference architectures. ProSA-RA has been already applied in the establishment of reference architectures for different domains and this experience was used to evolve our process. In this paper, we illustrate an application of ProSA-RA in the robotics domain. Results achieved through the use of ProSA-RA have showed us that it is a viable, efficient process and, as a consequence, it could contribute to the reuse of knowledge in several applications domains, by promoting the establishment of new reference architectures. Notes: focus on reference architecture, not behavior Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 8825 Author: Berg, M. v. d., Tang, A. and Farenhorst, R. Year of Conference: 2009 Title: A Constraint-Oriented Approach to Software Architecture Design Conference Name: 2009 Ninth International Conference on Quality Software Pages: 396-405 Date: 24-25 Aug. 2009 Short Title: A Constraint-Oriented Approach to Software Architecture Design ISBN: 1550-6002 DOI: 10.1109/QSIC.2009.59 Keywords: software architecture constraint-oriented approach design constraint characteristics software architecture design Australia Computer architecture Connectors Decision making Process design Software design Software engineering Software quality Space technology Constraints Design Abstract: Software architecture design constraints exist and they bound the solution space in some ways. However,in research and practice little is known about the characteristics of these constraints and how they influence decision making. In this paper we report our findings on design constraint characteristics based on case studies in two countries. We discovered how constraints typically manifest themselves in the architecture design process, and how they impact the architectural decisions taken. Based on these insights we suggest a number of implications and strategies to support architectural design. Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8540 Author: Ramiller, Neil C. Year: 2007 Title: Constructing safety: System designs, system effects, and the play of heterogeneous interests in a behavioral health care setting Journal: International Journal of Medical Informatics Volume: 76, Supplement 1 Pages: S196-S204 Date: 6// Short Title: Constructing safety: System designs, system effects, and the play of heterogeneous interests in a behavioral health care setting ISSN: 1386-5056 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijmedinf.2006.05.025 Keywords: Information systems Software design Safety Behavioral medicine Abstract: Objective This paper considers the utility of actor-network theory as a basis for uncovering the mutual interdependencies between system design and system impact in an evolving project, and for exploring the implications that these interdependencies hold for the production of safety in behavioral health care. Methods Drawing on a field study of a systems project in a human-services firm, the paper applies key concepts from actor-network theory in the analysis of a design crisis that emerged during the course of the project. Results Actor-network theory provides a compelling framework in this situation for identifying the diverse interests involved, revealing their complex interactions, and illuminating the importance of the emerging system as an organizational actor in its own right. Conclusion Actor-network theory shows promise for use in other analyses concerned with the role of information technology in the construction of safety in health care settings. Notes: Framework development URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1386505606001468 Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 8954 Author: Li, Q. and Li, J. Year of Conference: 2009 Title: The Construction and Implementation of the Expert System of Whole Set Oil-immersed Pump Lectotype Conference Name: 2009 Third International Symposium on Intelligent Information Technology Application Volume: 1 Pages: 240-243 Date: 21-22 Nov. 2009 Short Title: The Construction and Implementation of the Expert System of Whole Set Oil-immersed Pump Lectotype DOI: 10.1109/IITA.2009.53 Keywords: control engineering computing expert systems oil technology petroleum industry energy conservation engineering control platform expert system intelligent system plug-in software software design whole set oil-immersed pump lectotype Artificial intelligence Control systems Data mining Image retrieval Information retrieval Intelligent systems Pumps Oil-immersed Pump constructio Abstract: The applicability and accuracy of whole set oil-immersed pump lectotype are the key points to improve the recovery ratio of oil field and to conserve energy. This paper have conceived the construction and implementation of the expert system of whole set oil-immersed pump lectotype and discussed in several aspects: such as systematic analysis and design, the construction of engineering control platform, the development of plug-in software, the construction of intelligent system and the execution of software design and so on. It has integrated the synthetic approach with expert system of whole set oil-immersed pump lectotype. Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9060 Author: Kassab, M. Year of Conference: 2017 Title: A Contemporary View on Software Quality Requirements in Agile and Software Architecture Practices Conference Name: 2017 IEEE 25th International Requirements Engineering Conference Workshops (REW) Pages: 260-267 Date: 4-8 Sept. 2017 Short Title: A Contemporary View on Software Quality Requirements in Agile and Software Architecture Practices DOI: 10.1109/REW.2017.60 Keywords: software architecture software product lines software prototyping software quality agile architecture software architectural decisions software products software quality requirements Computer architecture Industries Security Software systems Agile Software Industrial Practices Abstract: Quality can be a very elusive concept that can be approached from a number of perspectives dependent on once take and interest. Evidence that relates software process to quality is often anecdotal or, when data is presented, it is to some extent contradictory or clashes with opposite evidence coming from different samples. Also, the influence of quality on software architecture is mostly described in a qualitative fashion based on architects expertise. Little contemporary data exists to document the actual perception from software experts in industry towards quality requirements for software products. Therefore, a comprehensive survey of software professionals was conducted to attempt to discover these practices. In this paper, we present a view of the captured data from this survey with a focus on investigating the influence of quality requirements on the software architectural decisions in practice. 'File' Atttachments: internal-pdf://0881909128/A Contemporary View on Software Quality Requir.pdf Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9023 Year of Conference: 2013 Title: Contents Conference Name: 2013 8th International Symposium on Software Engineering for Adaptive and Self-Managing Systems (SEAMS) Pages: 1-2 Date: 20-21 May 2013 Short Title: Contents ISBN: 2157-2305 DOI: 10.1109/SEAMS.2013.6595482 Keywords: cloud computing computer aided instruction decision making distance learning quality of service software architecture software quality adaptive software system cloud computing services mobile learning Abstract: The following topics are dealt with: cloud computing services; adaptive software system; software architecture; quality of service; mobile learning; decision making; and software quality. Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8497 Author: Bickmore, Timothy W., Mauer, Daniel and Brown, Thomas Year: 2009 Title: Context awareness in a handheld exercise agent Journal: Pervasive and Mobile Computing Volume: 5 Issue: 3 Pages: 226-235 Date: 6// Short Title: Context awareness in a handheld exercise agent ISSN: 1574-1192 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pmcj.2008.05.004 Keywords: Social interface Relational agent Health behavior change Exercise Physical activity Walking Abstract: Work towards the development of a handheld health counseling agent designed to promote physical activity is described. Previous work on automated health counselors is discussed, along with the affordances of mobility and context awareness for health behavior interventions. We present a general-purpose software architecture for the rapid design and deployment of mobile health counseling agents. We also describe the results of an initial field trial in which such a mobile agent plays the role of an exercise coach designed to motivate users to walk more. Results were mixed. We found that the context awareness mechanism that was implemented for detecting walking led to greater user-agent social bonding, but less walking in study participants. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1574119208000461 Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 9258 Author: Brown, P. J., Bovey, J. D. and Xian, Chen Year: 1997 Title: Context-aware applications: from the laboratory to the marketplace Journal: IEEE Personal Communications Volume: 4 Issue: 5 Pages: 58-64 Short Title: Context-aware applications: from the laboratory to the marketplace ISSN: 1070-9916 DOI: 10.1109/98.626984 Keywords: computer networks land mobile radio radio networks software engineering context aware applications distributed processing marketplace mobile applications mobile computing research laboratories software design Batteries Context Global Positioning System Libraries Mobile handsets Personal digital assistants Pervasive computing Printers Receiving antennas Temperature sensors Abstract: Current hardware developments are making mobile computing increasingly attractive. An important class of mobile applications are context-aware applications: applications that change their behaviour according to the user's present context-their location, who they are with, what the time of day is, and so on. This article is about software design for context-aware applications. Currently most such applications have been crafted by experts in research laboratories. Our aim is to factor out a simple class of context-aware applications and make the creation of these as easy as, say, creating Web pages Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 7551 Author: Bang, J. Y., Brun, Y. and Medvidovic, N. Year of Conference: 2017 Title: Continuous Analysis of Collaborative Design Conference Name: 2017 IEEE International Conference on Software Architecture (ICSA) Pages: 97-106 Date: 3-7 April 2017 Short Title: Continuous Analysis of Collaborative Design DOI: 10.1109/ICSA.2017.45 Keywords: cloud computing groupware programming environments software architecture FLAME Framework for Logging and Analyzing Modeling Events cloud resources collaborative design design conflict detection technique nonintrusive conflict detection prioritization algorithm Adaptation models Analytical models Collaboration Engines Fires Synchronization Tools conflict detection proactive conflict detection speculative analysis Abstract: In collaborative design, architects' individual design decisions may conflict and, when joined, may violate system consistency rules or non-functional requirements. These design conflicts can hinder collaboration and result in wasted effort. Proactive detection of code-level conflicts has been shown to improve collaborative productivity, however, the computational resource requirements for proactively computing design conflicts have hindered its applicability in practice. Our survey and interviews of 50 architects from six large software companies find that 60% of their projects involve collaborative design, that architects consider integration costly, and that design conflicts are frequent and lead to lost work. To aid collaborative design, we re-engineer FLAME, our prior design conflict detection technique, to use cloud resources and a novel prioritization algorithm that, together, achieve efficient and nonintrusive conflict detection, and guarantee a bound on the time before a conflict is discovered. Two controlled experiments with 90 students trained in software architecture in a professional graduate program, demonstrate that architects using FLAME design more efficiently, produce higher-quality designs, repair conflicts faster, and prefer using FLAME. An empirical performance evaluation demonstrates FLAME's scalability and verifies its time-bound guarantees. Notes: students involved Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 7538 Author: Musil, J., Ekaputra, F. J., Sabou, M., Ionescu, T., Schall, D., Musil, A. and Biffl, S. Year of Conference: 2017 Title: Continuous Architectural Knowledge Integration: Making Heterogeneous Architectural Knowledge Available in Large-Scale Organizations Conference Name: 2017 IEEE International Conference on Software Architecture (ICSA) Pages: 189-192 Date: 3-7 April 2017 Short Title: Continuous Architectural Knowledge Integration: Making Heterogeneous Architectural Knowledge Available in Large-Scale Organizations DOI: 10.1109/ICSA.2017.28 Keywords: data mining inference mechanisms knowledge management open systems organisational aspects software architecture CAKI architectural knowledge discovery architectural knowledge integration architectural knowledge sharing conceptual design decisions continuous architectural knowledge integration external AK sources external knowledge sources internal AK sources internal knowledge sources interoperability large-scale organization personalization capabilities semantic reasoning technical design decisions Adaptation models Cognition Organizations Semantics Software Tools Architectural knowledge management continuous software architecture semantic integration Abstract: The timely discovery, sharing and integration of architectural knowledge (AK) have become critical aspects in enabling the software architects to make meaningful conceptual and technical design decisions and trade-offs. In large-scale organizations particular obstacles in making AK available to architects are a heterogeneous pool of internal and external knowledge sources, poor interoperability between AK management tools and limited support of computational AK reasoning. Therefore we introduce the Continuous Architectural Knowledge Integration (CAKI) approach that combines the continuous integration of internal and external AK sources together with enhanced semantic reasoning and personalization capabilities dedicated to large organizations. Preliminary evaluation results show that CAKI potentially reduces AK search effort by concurrently yielding more diverse and relevant results. Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 7523 Author: Mårtensson, T., Ståhl, D. and Bosch, J. Year of Conference: 2017 Title: Continuous Integration Impediments in Large-Scale Industry Projects Conference Name: 2017 IEEE International Conference on Software Architecture (ICSA) Pages: 169-178 Date: 3-7 April 2017 Short Title: Continuous Integration Impediments in Large-Scale Industry Projects DOI: 10.1109/ICSA.2017.11 Keywords: embedded systems integrated software project management software architecture activity planning continuous integration behaviors continuous integration impediments industry projects software-intensive embedded systems system thinking Companies Computer architecture Industries Interviews continuous integration large-scale loosely coupled architecture modular architecture size software integration Abstract: Based on interviews with 20 developers from two case study companies that develop large-scale software-intensive embedded systems, this paper presents the main factors that affect how often developers deliver software to the mainline. Further on, the paper describes the continuous integration behaviors in projects where up to 1,000 developers commit to the same mainline. The main factors that could enable more frequent integration of software are: "Activity planning and execution", "System thinking", "Speed" and "Confidence through test activities". Behind these main themes we also present a wide range of sub-categories ("Modular and loosely coupled architecture", "Test selection" etc) which summarizes what the developers themselves see as the continuous integration impediments in large-scale industry projects. Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 8967 Author: Nakagawa, E. Y. and Maldonado, J. C. Year of Conference: 2011 Title: Contributions and Perspectives in Architectures of Software Testing Environments Conference Name: 2011 25th Brazilian Symposium on Software Engineering Pages: 66-71 Date: 28-30 Sept. 2011 Short Title: Contributions and Perspectives in Architectures of Software Testing Environments DOI: 10.1109/SBES.2011.42 Keywords: program testing software architecture software quality software tools high quality software systems software development software testing environment architecture software testing tools testing activity testing automation Computer architecture Context Software Software testing Abstract: Producing high quality software systems has been one of the most important software development concerns. In this perspective, Software Architecture and Software Testing are two important research areas that have contributed in that direction. The attention given to the software architecture has played a significant role in determining the success of software systems. Otherwise, software testing has been recognized as a fundamental activity for assuring the software quality; however, it is an expensive, error-prone, and time consuming activity. For this reason, a diversity of testing tools and environments has been developed; however, they have been almost always designed without an adequate attention to their evolution, maintenance, reuse, and mainly to their architectures. Thus, this paper presents our main contributions to systematize the development of testing tools and environments, aiming at improving their quality, reuse, and productivity. In particular, we have addressed architectures for software testing tools and environments and have also developed and made available testing tools. We also state perspectives of research in this area, including open research issues that must be treated, considering the unquestionable relevance of testing automation to the testing activity. Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8652 Author: Rooney, B. J. Year: 1984 Title: The control of an astronomical telescope using a multimicroprocessor system Journal: Journal of Microcomputer Applications Volume: 7 Issue: 2 Pages: 189-201 Date: 4// Short Title: The control of an astronomical telescope using a multimicroprocessor system ISSN: 0745-7138 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0745-7138(84)90101-5 Abstract: This paper describes a novel application of a multimicroprocessor system which is specifically suited to many low-cost real-time applications. The system described was developed to control an astronomical telescope. It is based on a twin microprocessor configuration, the two microprocessors being organized in master/slave roles. The master microprocessor deals with input/output and numerical functions while the slave drives the stepping motors. Communication between the two is achieved through interleaving access to common memory. The design requirements of the astronomical telescope are introduced with emphasis on the specific requirements of the astronomers. A brief summary of alternative pulse generation systems is presented. Hardware and software design details of the telescope system are then discussed. The paper concludes with several suggestions for further applications of multimicroprocessor systems. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0745713884901015 Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9251 Author: Ploeg, J. Year of Conference: 2017 Title: Cooperative Vehicle Automation: Safety Aspects and Control Software Architecture Conference Name: 2017 IEEE International Conference on Software Architecture Workshops (ICSAW) Pages: 6-6 Date: 5-7 April 2017 Short Title: Cooperative Vehicle Automation: Safety Aspects and Control Software Architecture DOI: 10.1109/ICSAW.2017.69 Keywords: adaptive control cooperative systems mobile robots motion control road safety road traffic road vehicles software architecture vehicular ad hoc networks CACC GCDC The Netherlands automated maneuvering autonomous vehicles classification scheme control software architecture cooperative adaptive cruise control cooperative automated vehicles cooperative vehicle automation grand cooperative driving challenge interaction protocol safety aspects society of automotive engineers truck platooning vehicle motion wireless intervehicle communication Automation Conferences Reliability engineering Vehicles Wireless communication Wireless sensor networks Abstract: Automated vehicles are designed to take over all or part of the driver's task, in order to safely and comfortably navigate through road traffic. Automated vehicles, however, are limited by the line-ofsight characteristics of the on-board sensors, e.g., radar, lidar, and camera. To overcome this limitation, wireless inter-vehicle communication can be employed, which not only provides information of vehicles beyond the line-of-sight, but also provides information that cannot be retrieved otherwise. This allows for implementation of collaborative behavior, which can significantly increase traffic throughput and decrease fuel consumption. The resulting vehicles are often referred to as "cooperative automated vehicles", whereas non-communicating automated vehicles are usually (but not necessarily correctly) termed "autonomous vehicles". To classify the various types of vehicle automation, the Society of Automotive Engineers has defined six automation levels, according to increasing functionality of the automation system and, correspondingly, a decreasing role of the diver [1]. In this classification scheme, level 1 automation, characterized by automation of either the longitudinal or the lateral vehicle motion, still requires the driver to be alert and to be able to take over the driving task at any time, thus implying only moderate requirements regarding reliability of the automation hard- and software. By means of an example of cooperative automation, in particular short-distance vehicle following by means of cooperative adaptive cruise control (CACC)[2], it is however shown that even for level 1 systems, stringent reliability requirements may apply, since the driver is unable to serve as a fallback option in case of system failures. CACC, which is also the basis for truck platooning, is only concerned with automation of the longitudinal vehicle motion. As a next step, cooperative automation can be extended to also involve lateral motion, thus yielding cooperative au- omated maneuvering, involving, e.g., automated gap making and subsequent merging into a platoon. A layered architecture for this type of automation applications, consisting of an operational, a tactical, and a strategic layer, is presented. This architecture builds upon the decomposition of traffic scenarios into maneuver primitives, which are initiated by a so-called interaction protocol. The practical application of this approach is illustrated by a brief overview of the Grand Cooperative Driving Challenge (GCDC), which was held in 2016 in The Netherlands [3]. As such, a first step is made towards a common automation framework, which is considered essential to establish true cooperation among different types and brands of vehicles. Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9223 Author: Fort, N. Le, Aboukhaled, O. and Ramamonjisoa, D. Year of Conference: 1993 Title: A co-pilot architecture based on a multi-expert system and a real-time environment Conference Name: Proceedings of IEEE Systems Man and Cybernetics Conference - SMC Pages: 312-317 vol.5 Date: 17-20 Oct 1993 Short Title: A co-pilot architecture based on a multi-expert system and a real-time environment DOI: 10.1109/ICSMC.1993.390868 Keywords: development systems knowledge based systems multiprogramming problem solving real-time systems road traffic temporal reasoning traffic control traffic engineering computing European Prometheus project SUPER VXWORKS asynchronous data management dynamic real-time problem solving electronic copilot architecture flexible software architecture interrupt handling knowledge-based development system multi-expert system rapidly changing data real-time environment real-time multi-tasking kernel Cameras Charge coupled devices Delay Kernel Laboratories Real time systems Roads Vehicle driving Vehicle dynamics Abstract: Describes a work carried out in the frame of the European Prometheus project, and concerns the realization of an electronic copilot using a knowledge-based system approach. A flexible software architecture is required to allow problem solving in dynamic real-time situations, including rapidly changing data, asynchronous data management, interrupt handling and temporal reasoning. This paper describes such an architecture based an a knowledge-based development system (SUPER) and a real-time multi-tasking kernel (VXWORKS) Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 7985 Author: Jackson, Daniel and Vaziri, Mandana Year: 2016 Title: Correct or usable? the limits of traditional verification (impact paper award) Conference Name: Proceedings of the 2016 24th ACM SIGSOFT International Symposium on Foundations of Software Engineering Conference Location: Seattle, WA, USA Publisher: ACM Pages: 11-11 DOI: 10.1145/2950290.2994161 Place Published: 2994161 Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8620 Author: Whyte, David B. and Holbeck, Susan L. Year: 2006 Title: Correlation of PIK3Ca mutations with gene expression and drug sensitivity in NCI-60 cell lines Journal: Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications Volume: 340 Issue: 2 Pages: 469-475 Date: 2/10/ Short Title: Correlation of PIK3Ca mutations with gene expression and drug sensitivity in NCI-60 cell lines ISSN: 0006-291X DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbrc.2005.12.025 Keywords: Somatic mutations PIK3Ca NCI-60 Abstract: The gene that encodes the α-isoform of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PIK3Ca) is frequently mutated in human cancers. We profiled the mutation status of the PIK3Ca gene in the National Cancer Institute (NCI)-60 panel of human cancer cell lines maintained by the Developmental Therapeutics Program of the NCI. Mutation hotspots on the gene were PCR amplified and sequenced, and the trace data were analyzed with software designed to detect mutations. Seven of the cell lines tested have PIK3Ca mutations: two lines derived from breast cancer, two from colon cancer, two from ovarian cancer, and one from lung cancer. BRAF and EGFR genes were normal in the PIK3Ca mutant lines. Two of the cell lines with mutant PIK3Ca also have a mutant version of the KRAS gene. The mutation status was correlated with array-based gene expression that is publicly available for the NCI-60 cell lines. We found increased expression levels for estrogen receptor (ER) and ERBB2 in PIK3Ca mutant lines. The PIK3Ca mutation status was also correlated with compound screening data for the cell lines. PIK3Ca-mutant cell lines were relatively more sensitive than PIK3Ca-normal cell lines to the ER inhibitor tamoxifen and the AKT inhibitor triciribine, among other compounds. The results provide insights into the role of mutant PIK3Ca in oncogenic signaling and allow preliminary identification of novel targets for therapeutic intervention in cancers harboring PIK3Ca mutations. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0006291X05027592 Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9040 Author: Torres, K. Year of Conference: 2006 Title: A Cost Effective Solution for Time-Stamping Electronic Warfare System Response Conference Name: 2006 IEEE Autotestcon Pages: 149-153 Date: 18-21 Sept. 2006 Short Title: A Cost Effective Solution for Time-Stamping Electronic Warfare System Response ISBN: 1088-7725 DOI: 10.1109/AUTEST.2006.283614 Keywords: computerised instrumentation electronic warfare GPS time capture PCI bus cards RF data RF simulator accurate timing information age-out calculation automated instrumentation data acquisition electronic warfare support systems hardware design hardware updates manual instrumentation response time software design software updates time-stamping capability time-stamping electronic warfare system response updated ES system Costs Delay Hardware Laboratories Radio frequency Real time systems Software maintenance Software testing Timing Abstract: Electronic warfare support (ES) systems receive and process RF data real-time and these systems are time critical. Hardware and software updates to existing ES systems are required to properly maintain these systems. Testing the hardware and software updates plays an important role for releasing the update into the field. The majority of this testing takes place in the laboratory. Two units of measure that are used to monitor the performance of an ES system are response time and age-out in addition to many others. Accurate timing information is required to measure the performance of an updated ES system. Many times the manual or automated instrumentation in laboratories is in place and does not have accurate time-stamping capability. This paper presents the hardware and software design of an external unit that can externally interface with any existing RF simulator to capture accurate timing information (time-stamp) for use in response time and age-out calculation. The hardware consists of two PCI bus cards. One for data acquisition and the other for accurate GPS time capture. A program was written in C++ using Visual Studioreg.NET. Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9143 Author: Roopa, Y. M. and Reddy, A. R. Year of Conference: 2016 Title: Cost optimization component selection approach for component based self-adaptive software architecture using component repository Conference Name: 2016 International Conference on Communication and Electronics Systems (ICCES) Pages: 1-6 Date: 21-22 Oct. 2016 Short Title: Cost optimization component selection approach for component based self-adaptive software architecture using component repository DOI: 10.1109/CESYS.2016.7889859 Keywords: optimisation software architecture software reliability ubiquitous computing component repository context awareness cost optimization component selection approach optimized algorithm reusable components self-adaptive software architecture software components software development Adaptation models Computer architecture Context Monitoring Servers Software GRASP. Introduction component optimization approach self-adaptive software Abstract: Now a days Ubiquitous computing plays major role in the adaptable software development. The ubiquitous computing works on the principle of context awareness. Context awareness is the methodology which recognizes and monitors the environment and adapt to the environment where they have been introduced. The self-adaptive software architecture is developed based on component based software engineering, which concentrates on the reusability of the software components to achieve better productivity. The proposed architecture uses component repository to adapt the changes to the architecture. The component repository is introduced where it contains the predefined and reusable components and their services for adaptation. The optimized algorithm applied for the component selection in the component repository. The GRASP algorithm is used to optimize the system architecture. The experimental results are validated based on real time environments and compare the results with other existing methods. The proposed models show the superiority in terms of performance. Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 8038 Author: Carriere, Jeromy, Kazman, Rick and Ozkaya, Ipek Year: 2010 Title: A cost-benefit framework for making architectural decisions in a business context Conference Name: Proceedings of the 32nd ACM/IEEE International Conference on Software Engineering - Volume 2 Conference Location: Cape Town, South Africa Publisher: ACM Pages: 149-157 DOI: 10.1145/1810295.1810317 Place Published: 1810317 Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9298 Author: Carriere, J., Kazman, R. and Ozkaya, I. Year of Conference: 2010 Title: A cost-benefit framework for making architectural decisions in a business context Conference Name: 2010 ACM/IEEE 32nd International Conference on Software Engineering Volume: 2 Pages: 149-157 Date: 2-8 May 2010 Short Title: A cost-benefit framework for making architectural decisions in a business context ISBN: 0270-5257 DOI: 10.1145/1810295.1810317 Keywords: commerce cost-benefit analysis decision making software architecture IT-intensive organization Vistaprint Corporation architectural decisions business context cost-benefit framework decision-making developer productivity risk reduction software components structural transformation system architecture decisions Computer architecture Couplings Estimation Measurement Organizations Training architecture dependency structure matrix design structure matrix quality attributes software metrics Abstract: In any IT-intensive organization, it is useful to have a model to associate a value with software and system architecture decisions. More generally, any effort-a project undertaken by a team-needs to have an associated value to offset its labor and capital costs. Unfortunately, it is extremely difficult to precisely evaluate the benefit of "architecture projects"-those that aim to improve one or more quality attributes of a system via a structural transformation without (generally) changing its behavior. We often resort to anecdotal and informal "hand-waving" arguments of risk reduction or increased developer productivity. These arguments are typically unsatisfying to the management of organizations accustomed to decision-making based on concrete metrics. This paper will discuss research done to address this long-standing dilemma. Specifically, we will present a model derived from analyzing actual projects undertaken at Vistaprint Corporation. The model presented is derived from an analysis of effort tracked against modifications to specific software components before and after a significant architectural transformation to the subsystem housing those components. In this paper, we will discuss the development, implementation, and iteration of the model and the results that we have obtained. Notes: not focus on behavior Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9175 Year of Conference: 2012 Title: [Cover art] Conference Name: 2012 Joint Working IEEE/IFIP Conference on Software Architecture and European Conference on Software Architecture Pages: C4-C4 Date: 20-24 Aug. 2012 Short Title: [Cover art] DOI: 10.1109/WICSA-ECSA.212.58 Keywords: business data processing decision making formal specification product development software architecture software maintenance software reusability system documentation architectural decision architectural knowledge architectural model enterprise nonfunctional attributes product lines service-oriented architecture software architecture documentation software evolution software requirement software variability Abstract: The following topics are dealt with: software architecture; product lines; nonfunctional attributes; service-oriented architecture; architectural decision; software architecture documentation; architectural model; architectural knowledge; decision making; enterprise; software evolution; software variability; and software requirement. Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 8077 Author: Cohen, Myra B., Dwyer, Matthew B. and Shi, Jiangfan Year: 2006 Title: Coverage and adequacy in software product line testing Conference Name: Proceedings of the ISSTA 2006 workshop on Role of software architecture for testing and analysis Conference Location: Portland, Maine Publisher: ACM Pages: 53-63 DOI: 10.1145/1147249.1147257 Place Published: 1147257 Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8482 Author: Gatto, Ivano and Pittarello, Fabio Year: 2014 Title: Creating Web3D educational stories from crowdsourced annotations Journal: Journal of Visual Languages & Computing Volume: 25 Issue: 6 Pages: 808-817 Date: 12// Short Title: Creating Web3D educational stories from crowdsourced annotations ISSN: 1045-926X DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvlc.2014.10.010 Keywords: Annotation Education Ontology Storytelling Tag Web3D Abstract: 3D representation and storytelling are two powerful means for educating students while engaging them. This paper describes a novel software architecture that couples them for creating engaging linear narrations that can be shared on the web. The architecture takes advantage of a previous work focused on the semantic annotation of 3D worlds that allows the users to go beyond the simple navigation of 3D objects, permitting to retrieve them with different search tools. The novelty of our architecture is that authors don’t have to build stories from scratch, but can take advantage of the crowdsourced effort of all the users accessing the platform, which can contribute providing assets or annotating objects. At our best knowledge no existing workflow includes the collaborative annotation of 3D worlds and the possibility to create stories on the top of it. Another feature of our design is the possibility for users to switch from and to any of the available activities during the same session. This integration offers the possibility to define a complex user experience, even starting from a simple linear narration. The visual interfaces of the system will be described in relation to a case study focused on culture heritage. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1045926X14001037 Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8685 Author: Tempelmeier, T. Year: 1988 Title: The creative step in designing real-time software Journal: IFAC Proceedings Volumes Volume: 21 Issue: 3 Pages: 15-20 Date: 5// Short Title: The creative step in designing real-time software ISSN: 1474-6670 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-08-036236-6.50007-2 Keywords: Real-Time Software Design Method Design Heuristics Design Guidelines Expert Sytems Abstract: A brief survey of the software design process as currently carried out in industrial practice is given, including statements on the relevance of the various well known design methods. The transition from the functional/data model to the top level design is identified as the most difficult of the whole design process. It can only be accomplished by a creative step (which may be iterative), together with intuition and engineering experience. No method can replace the creativity and experience of a designer. However, the (semi)formal sequencing of steps of the methods is helpful in managing the development process. More importantly, some methods include very good guidelines on how to get to a good design. But these guidelines may be vague and sometimes conflicting, as is in the nature of the problem. It is proposed to collect all useful design guidelines from various methods and all other design experience as a set of rules, faciliating the creative step in designing realtime software. In the future, this set of rules could be incorporated into an expert system for checking the quality of a real-time software design. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780080362366500072 Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8687 Author: Tempelmeier, T. Year: 1988 Title: The creative step in designing real-time software Journal: Annual Review in Automatic Programming Volume: 14, Part 1 Pages: 15-20 Date: // Short Title: The creative step in designing real-time software ISSN: 0066-4138 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0066-4138(88)90003-1 Keywords: Real-Time Software Design Method Design Heuristics Design Guidelines Expert Sytems Abstract: A brief survey of the software design process as currently carried out in industrial practice is given, including statements on the relevance of the various well known design methods. The transition from the functional/data model to the top level design is identified as the most difficult of the whole design process. It can only be accomplished by a creative step (which may be iterative), together with intuition and engineering experience. No method can replace the creativity and experience of a designer. However, the (semi)formal sequencing of steps of the methods is helpful in managing the development process. More importantly, some methods include very good guidelines on how to get to a good design. But these guidelines may be vague and sometimes conflicting, as is in the nature of the problem. It is proposed to collect all useful design guidelines from various methods and all other design experience as a set of rules, faciliating the creative step in designing realtime software. In the future, this set of rules could be incorporated into an expert system for checking the quality of a real-time software design. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0066413888900031 Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 7971 Author: Sharp, Helen Year: 2016 Title: Creativity and Collaboration in Software Design and Development Conference Name: Proceedings of the European Conference on Cognitive Ergonomics Conference Location: Nottingham, United Kingdom Publisher: ACM Pages: 1-3 DOI: 10.1145/2970930.2970967 Place Published: 2970967 Abstract: This extended abstract summarises some key points regarding the role of representations in software design and development, specifically how physical, virtual and hybrid representations support creativity and collaboration. Notes: extended abstract, not research Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9579 Author: Tsai, W. T., Heisler, K. G., Volovik, D. and Zualkernan, I. A. Year of Conference: 1988 Title: A critical look at the relationship between AI and software engineering Conference Name: [Proceedings] 1988 IEEE Workshop on Languages for Automation@m_Symbiotic and Intelligent Robotics Pages: 2-18 Date: 29-31 Aug 1988 Short Title: A critical look at the relationship between AI and software engineering DOI: 10.1109/LFA.1988.24945 Keywords: artificial intelligence automatic programming expert systems software engineering AI maintenance environments rapid prototyping software design waterfall model Application software Bridges Computer science Humans Machine intelligence Productivity Programming Software maintenance Abstract: A number of key issues relating to the application of artificial intelligence (AI) to software engineering (SE) and the reverse are discussed. Issues relating to how AI can help SE are: whether automatic programming is synonymous with AI for SE and whether it represents a major paradigm for SE in the next decade; whether expert systems technology is sufficiently successful and mature enough to provide significant solutions to certain aspects of the SE process; whether AI development and maintenance environments are suitable for direct application to the SE process; how AI methodology can be applied to the software design process; and how the AI rapid prototyping paradigm is useful as a SE paradigm. Issues relating to the common belief that SE is not useful for AI are: SE is synonymous with the waterfall model, and the waterfall model is linear and hence not suitable for AI; expert systems can not be specified and thus SE techniques do not apply; and AI software is easy to maintain and thus SE is not required. An attempt is made to relate AI and Se at the level of objectives and issues Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 8344 Author: Barcellini, Flore, Fran, #231, D, oise, #233, tienne and Burkhardt, Jean Marie Year of Conference: 2007 Title: Cross-participants: fostering design-use mediation in an open source software community Conference Name: Proceedings of the 14th European conference on Cognitive ergonomics: invent! explore! Conference Location: London, United Kingdom Publisher: ACM Pages: 57-64 Short Title: Cross-participants: fostering design-use mediation in an open source software community DOI: 10.1145/1362550.1362564 Place Published: 1362564 Abstract: Motivation - This research aims at investigating emerging roles and forms of participation fostering design-use mediation during the Open Source Software design process Research approach - We compare online interactions for a successful "pushed-by-users" design process with unsuccessful previous proposals. The methodology developed, articulate structural analyses of the discussions (organization of discussions, participation) to actions to the code and documentation made by participants to the project. We focus on the useroriented and the developer-oriented mailing-lists of the Python project. Findings/Design - We find that key-participants, the cross-participants, foster the design process and act as boundary spanners between the users and the developers' communities. Research limitations/Implications - These findings can be reinforced developing software to automate the structural analysis of discussions and actions to the code and documentation. Further analyses, supported by these tools, will be necessary to generalise our results. Originality/Value - The analysis of participation among the three interaction spaces of OSS design (discussion, documentation and implementation) is the main originality of this work compared to other OSS research that mainly analyse one or two spaces. Take away message - Beside the idealistic picture that users may intervene freely in the process, OSS design is boost and framed by some key-participants and specific rules and there can be barriers to users' participation 'File' Atttachments: internal-pdf://0608179516/Cross-participants fostering design-use mediat.pdf Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 7730 Author: Braude, E. J. Year of Conference: 2014 Title: Cumulative Software Architecture Development Conference Name: 2014 IEEE/IFIP Conference on Software Architecture Pages: 163-166 Date: 7-11 April 2014 Short Title: Cumulative Software Architecture Development DOI: 10.1109/WICSA.2014.26 Keywords: software architecture software prototyping agile development context cumulative software architecture development least-commitment process software architecture creation Computer architecture Conferences Context Context modeling Software User interfaces agile development software design Abstract: An approach to software architecture creation is described in the context of agile development. It eschews the traditional separation of top-down and bottom-up design. A concrete, cumulative, least-commitment process is demonstrated that establishes an architecture core likely to remain stable as requirements are added. Notes: not behavior focus Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 8101 Author: Savola, Reijo M. Year: 2017 Title: Current level of cybersecurity competence and future development: case Finland Conference Name: Proceedings of the 11th European Conference on Software Architecture: Companion Proceedings Conference Location: Canterbury, United Kingdom Publisher: ACM Pages: 121-124 DOI: 10.1145/3129790.3129804 Place Published: 3129804 Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 7508 Author: Malavolta, I. and Capilla, R. Year of Conference: 2017 Title: Current Research Topics and Trends in the Software Architecture Community: ICSA 2017 Workshops Summary Conference Name: 2017 IEEE International Conference on Software Architecture Workshops (ICSAW) Pages: 1-4 Date: 5-7 April 2017 Short Title: Current Research Topics and Trends in the Software Architecture Community: ICSA 2017 Workshops Summary DOI: 10.1109/ICSAW.2017.28 Keywords: Automotive engineering Computer architecture Conferences Decision making Market research Software Software architecture IoT architectural knowledge automotive systems micro-services organizational dimensions Abstract: This summary reports the workshops accepted in the 1st International Conference on Software Architecture (ICSA 2017), held by Chalmers University at Gothenburg (Sweden). We gather the description of current and new research trends in different software architecture topics to provide a wide view to researchers and practitioners about the current status and trends in the field. ICSA is a premier software architecture conference that encompasses WICSA and COMPARCH conferences in one single event. Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 8876 Author: Malavolta, I. and Capilla, R. Year of Conference: 2017 Title: Current Research Topics and Trends in the Software Architecture Community: ICSA 2017 Workshops Summary Conference Name: 2017 IEEE International Conference on Software Architecture Workshops (ICSAW) Pages: 1-4 Date: 5-7 April 2017 Short Title: Current Research Topics and Trends in the Software Architecture Community: ICSA 2017 Workshops Summary DOI: 10.1109/ICSAW.2017.28 Keywords: Automotive engineering Computer architecture Conferences Decision making Market research Software Software architecture IoT architectural knowledge automotive systems micro-services organizational dimensions Abstract: This summary reports the workshops accepted in the 1st International Conference on Software Architecture (ICSA 2017), held by Chalmers University at Gothenburg (Sweden). We gather the description of current and new research trends in different software architecture topics to provide a wide view to researchers and practitioners about the current status and trends in the field. ICSA is a premier software architecture conference that encompasses WICSA and COMPARCH conferences in one single event. Notes: just a summary Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 8923 Author: Liming, Zhu, Yan, Liu, Gorton, I. and Ngoc Bao, Bui Year of Conference: 2005 Title: Customized Benchmark Generation Using MDA Conference Name: 5th Working IEEE/IFIP Conference on Software Architecture (WICSA'05) Pages: 35-44 Date: 2005 Short Title: Customized Benchmark Generation Using MDA DOI: 10.1109/WICSA.2005.26 Keywords: Application software Automatic testing Benchmark testing Computer architecture Logic Measurement Performance analysis Predictive models Software architecture Unified modeling language Abstract: This paper describes an approach for generating customized benchmark applications from a software architecture description using a Model Driven Architecture (MDA) approach. The benchmark generation and performance data capture tool implementation is based on widely used open source MDA frameworks. The business logic of the benchmark application is modeled in UML and generated by taking advantage of the existing generation "cartridges" so that the current component technology can be exploited in the benchmark. This greatly reduces the effort and expertise needed for benchmarking with complex component technology. We have also extended the MDA framework to model and generate a load testing suite and automatic performance measurement infrastructure. The approach complements current model-based performance prediction and analysis methods by generating the benchmark application from the same application architecture that the performance models are derived from. This provides the potential for tightly integrating runtime performance measurement with model-based prediction either for model validation or improving model prediction accuracy. We illustrate the approach using a case study based on EJB component technology. Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9281 Author: Flautner, K. Year of Conference: 2006 Title: Cutting across layers of abstraction:: removing obstacles from the advancement of embedded systems Conference Name: Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Hardware/Software Codesign and System Synthesis (CODES+ISSS '06) Pages: 265-265 Date: 22-25 Oct. 2006 Short Title: Cutting across layers of abstraction:: removing obstacles from the advancement of embedded systems DOI: 10.1145/1176254.1176318 Keywords: embedded systems multiprocessing systems parallel programming parallelising compilers signal processing abstraction layer compiler technology embedded system microarchitecture-circuit boundary multicore signal processing cluster portable parallel program prototype microarchitecture silicon technology silicon variation soft error system architecture Circuits Computer architecture Costs Energy consumption Microarchitecture Power generation Program processors Silicon Technological innovation low power typical-case operation Abstract: Silicon technology evolution over the last four decades has yielded an exponential increase in integration densities with steady improvements of performance and power consumption at each technology generation. This steady progress has created a sense of entitlement for the riches that future process generations would bring. Today, however, classical process scaling seems to be dead and living up to technology expectations requires continuous innovation at many levels, which comes at steadily progressing implementation and design costs. Solutions to problems need to cut across layers of abstractions and require coordination between software, architecture and circuit features. Heterogeneous multiprocessor clusters are increasingly used to deliver the required compute power for high-end applications. Heterogeneity ensures that the necessary processing power can be delivered at high levels of efficiency at reasonable implementation cost, while the use of processors endow these systems with large degrees of flexibility. One of the key challenges with these systems is system-level programming. Traditional compiler technologies are strong at programming individual cores but leave the task of parallelization to a team of experts. The first part of this talk will describe the coupling of the compiler to the system architecture on a multi-core signal-processing cluster and illustrate how compiler technology can enable the writing of portable parallel programs for it using little more than C. As claimed above, close coupling of abstraction layers can be beneficial. This can also be illustrated at the microarchitecture - circuit boundary. The second part of the talk will describe a prototype microarchitecture which is designed explicitly to deal with issues such as silicon variation and soft errors. These features in return enable system designers to focus on the typical-case performance of their implementations without having to be over-constrained by worst-case conditions. Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 8329 Author: Kriszti, #225 and Flautner, n Year: 2006 Title: Cutting across layers of abstraction:: removing obstacles from the advancement of embedded systems Conference Name: Proceedings of the 4th international conference on Hardware/software codesign and system synthesis Conference Location: Seoul, Korea Publisher: ACM Pages: 265-265 DOI: 10.1145/1176254.1176318 Place Published: 1176318 Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 9635 Author: Brodie, C. B. and Hayes, C. C. Year: 2002 Title: DAISY: a decision support design methodology for complex, experience-centered domains Journal: IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics - Part A: Systems and Humans Volume: 32 Issue: 1 Pages: 50-71 Short Title: DAISY: a decision support design methodology for complex, experience-centered domains ISSN: 1083-4427 DOI: 10.1109/3468.995529 Keywords: CAD cognitive systems decision support systems military computing problem solving task analysis DAISY cognitive engineering experience-centered domains intelligent support systems military planners time activity matrix Buildings Design engineering Design methodology Displays Humans Laboratories Software design Software tools Abstract: Users at different levels of domain experience have very different needs. For example, a system designed to assist domain novices may frustrate experts and vice-versa. This is one of several challenges specific to building decision support systems for experience-centered domains. A second challenge in working with complex experience-centered domains is that it is hard for non-experts to understand the domain in order to model it. In this paper we present DAISY, the design aid for intelligent support systems. It is a software design methodology for constructing decision support systems in complex, experience-based domains. DAISY address the specialized challenges of these domains by augmenting existing cognitive engineering methodologies. In particular, DAISY provides a method for identifying the specialized needs of users within a specific range of domain experience. Thus, it can help software designers to understand "What does the domain expert need?" or "What does a trained novice need?" To help system designers manage the complexity of modeling unfamiliar experience-centered domains, it provides a tool called a time/activity matrix. To illustrate each of DAISY's steps, we used the development of a decision support system called Fox. Fox assists expert military planners by rapidly generating alternative plans. This is a cognitively difficult, time critical task with life and death consequences Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 8849 Author: Fiebig, C. B. and Hayes, C. C. Year of Conference: 1998 Title: DAISY: a design methodology for experience-centered planning support systems Conference Name: Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, 1998. 1998 IEEE International Conference on Volume: 1 Pages: 920-925 vol.1 Date: 11-14 Oct 1998 Short Title: DAISY: a design methodology for experience-centered planning support systems ISBN: 1062-922X DOI: 10.1109/ICSMC.1998.725533 Keywords: decision support systems intelligent design assistants military computing planning user modelling DAISY Fox course of action generation decision making task design methodology display needs experience-centered planning support systems high quality decisions human-computer interface information needs intelligent agent life and death decisions military planning task system requirements user errors user problem solving studies Computer errors Computer science Concrete Displays Grasping Problem-solving Software design Abstract: Designing systems to effectively assist planners in grasping the situation quickly and making high quality decisions is very difficult, even within a single problem solving domain. Different types of users have very different needs, and a system designed to assist one group of users may frustrate other users with differing amounts of experience. We present DAISY, a methodology for developing planning aids for users, given a specified level of expertise. This methodology is intended to enable system designers to identify the system requirements needed to meet the information and display needs of users at a given level of experience prior to designing the system. These requirements are identified through user problem solving studies and the development of a model of the task, the information requirements and the typical user errors. The DAISY methodology is unique in that it identifies the needs of planners at varying ranges of experience, and provides concrete methods for incorporating these specialized user needs into the software design. We illustrate the use of this methodology in the design of an intelligent agent and human-computer interface, Fox, for the military planning task of course of action generation. This is a complex and difficult decision making task in which users make life and death decisions while they are are under extreme time pressure and overloaded with information. Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 7674 Author: Martini, A. and Bosch, J. Year of Conference: 2015 Title: The Danger of Architectural Technical Debt: Contagious Debt and Vicious Circles Conference Name: 2015 12th Working IEEE/IFIP Conference on Software Architecture Pages: 1-10 Date: 4-8 May 2015 Short Title: The Danger of Architectural Technical Debt: Contagious Debt and Vicious Circles DOI: 10.1109/WICSA.2015.31 Keywords: software architecture software maintenance software metrics architectural technical debt contagious debt context-specific metrics quality model socio-technical phenomenon software development technical debt items vicious circles Companies Computer architecture Concrete Conferences Interviews Software Taxonomy agile software development effort multiple case-study qualitative model socio-technical phenomena Abstract: A known problem in large software companies is to balance the prioritization of short-term with long-term viability. Specifically, architecture violations (Architecture Technical Debt) taken to deliver fast might hinder future feature development. However, some technical debt requires more interest to be paid than other. We have investigated which Technical Debt items generate more effort and how this effort is manifested during software development. We conducted a multiple-case embedded case study comprehending 7 sites at 5 large international software companies. We found that some Technical Debt items are contagious, causing other parts of the system to be contaminated with the same problem, which may lead to non-linear growth of interest. We also identify another socio-technical phenomenon, for which a combination of weak awareness of debt, time pressure and refactoring creates Vicious Circles of events during the development. Such phenomena need to be identified and stopped before the development is led to a crisis point. Finally, this paper presents a taxonomy of the most dangerous items identified during the qualitative investigation and a model of their effects that can be used for prioritization, for further investigation and as a quality model for extracting more precise and context-specific metrics. Notes: not my focus Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8626 Author: Benghanem, M., Arab, A. Hadj and Mukadam, K. Year: 1999 Title: Data acquisition system for photovoltaic water pumps Journal: Renewable Energy Volume: 17 Issue: 3 Pages: 385-396 Date: 7/1/ Short Title: Data acquisition system for photovoltaic water pumps ISSN: 0960-1481 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0960-1481(98)00126-8 Abstract: In Algeria, there are several photovoltaic water pumping system (PVWPS) which are situated in remote areas. Typical problems are detected as sizing of photovoltaic (PV) generator (over-sizing) and maintenance (underestimate) by many operators. Due to the high cost of setting up and maintaining a large number of data acquisition systems for the PVWPS, we have developed a real time expert system based on central microcomputer used as a micro-server, with a low cost. This paper presents a design of a universal data acquisition system for Algeria with available components and easily accessible with a central server. This data acquisition system analyses the performance of PVWPS. The systems hardware and software architectures and an application to test its performance are described. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0960148198001268 Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9196 Author: Phillips, R. A., Li, W. N., Thompson, C. and Deneke, W. Year of Conference: 2013 Title: Data File Layout Inference Using Content-Based Oracles Conference Name: 2013 IEEE 16th International Conference on Computational Science and Engineering Pages: 1029-1035 Date: 3-5 Dec. 2013 Short Title: Data File Layout Inference Using Content-Based Oracles DOI: 10.1109/CSE.2013.150 Keywords: data mining file organisation inference mechanisms character encoding content-based Oracles customer data integration data file layout inference data warehouse extract-transform-load field length field position field semantic content organizational characteristic record length structural layout information structured text file Context Encoding Layout Market research Semantics XML combinatoric approach content type domain-specific software architecture extract-transform-load (ETL) file layout inference file processing meta-data discovery sampling Abstract: Data file layout inference refers to the problem of identifying the organizational characteristics associated with a structured text file, where every record in a text file shares the same structural properties. These properties include: character encoding, record length, field length (indicated by delimiting characters or fixed length), field position, and field semantic content. Within this paper, the above information is referred to as the layout of a file. This structural layout information is required to extract, transform, and load files into workflows within various data warehouse and data mining applications. A common need, layout inference is a manual, labor intensive process requiring human expertise whenever a file's layout is unavailable, miscommunicated, or changed. This paper proposes an automated methodology for solving the layout inference problem by discovering the metadata of a structured text file and reports the results of a prototype system for real data files from customer data integration and management application. Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8579 Author: Johnson, Stephen B., Farach, Frank J., Pelphrey, Kevin and Rozenblit, Leon Year: 2016 Title: Data management in clinical research: Synthesizing stakeholder perspectives Journal: Journal of Biomedical Informatics Volume: 60 Pages: 286-293 Date: 4// Short Title: Data management in clinical research: Synthesizing stakeholder perspectives ISSN: 1532-0464 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbi.2016.02.014 Keywords: Needs assessment Software design Biomedical research Medical informatics Abstract: AbstractObjective This study assesses data management needs in clinical research from the perspectives of researchers, software analysts and developers. Materials and methods This is a mixed-methods study that employs sublanguage analysis in an innovative manner to link the assessments. We performed content analysis using sublanguage theory on transcribed interviews conducted with researchers at four universities. A business analyst independently extracted potential software features from the transcriptions, which were translated into the sublanguage. This common sublanguage was then used to create survey questions for researchers, analysts and developers about the desirability and difficulty of features. Results were synthesized using the common sublanguage to compare stakeholder perceptions with the original content analysis. Results Individual researchers exhibited significant diversity of perspectives that did not correlate by role or site. Researchers had mixed feelings about their technologies, and sought improvements in integration, interoperability and interaction as well as engaging with study participants. Researchers and analysts agreed that data integration has higher desirability and mobile technology has lower desirability but disagreed on the desirability of data validation rules. Developers agreed that data integration and validation are the most difficult to implement. Discussion Researchers perceive tasks related to study execution, analysis and quality control as highly strategic, in contrast with tactical tasks related to data manipulation. Researchers have only partial technologic support for analysis and quality control, and poor support for study execution. Conclusion Software for data integration and validation appears critical to support clinical research, but may be expensive to implement. Features to support study workflow, collaboration and engagement have been underappreciated, but may prove to be easy successes. Software developers should consider the strategic goals of researchers with regard to the overall coordination of research projects and teams, workflow connecting data collection with analysis and processes for improving data quality. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1532046416000368 Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 8091 Author: Perez-Palacin, Diego and Mirandola, Raffaela Year: 2014 Title: Dealing with uncertainties in the performance modelling of software systems Conference Name: Proceedings of the 10th international ACM Sigsoft conference on Quality of software architectures Conference Location: Marcq-en-Bareul, France Publisher: ACM Pages: 33-42 DOI: 10.1145/2602576.2602582 Place Published: 2602582 Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 7877 Author: Esfahani, Naeem, Razavi, Kaveh and Malek, Sam Year: 2012 Title: Dealing with uncertainty in early software architecture Conference Name: Proceedings of the ACM SIGSOFT 20th International Symposium on the Foundations of Software Engineering Conference Location: Cary, North Carolina Publisher: ACM Pages: 1-4 DOI: 10.1145/2393596.2393621 Place Published: 2393621 Abstract: Changing early architectural decisions of a system is both difficult and costly. It is very important for the architect to get them "right". However, in early design, the architect is often forced to make these decisions under uncertainty, i.e., not knowing the precise impact of those decisions on system's properties (e.g., scalability) as well as stakeholder concerns (e.g., cost). In this paper, we provide an overview of GuideArch, a framework aimed at systematic exploration of the architectural solution space under uncertainty to help with making early architectural decisions. Notes: tool development Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 8135 Author: Frank, William F. and Karunaratne, Anil Year: 2000 Title: A decade of modeling financial vehicles Conference Name: Addendum to the 2000 proceedings of the conference on Object-oriented programming, systems, languages, and applications (Addendum) Conference Location: Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA Publisher: ACM Pages: 33-34 DOI: 10.1145/367845.367914 Place Published: 367914 Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 8789 Author: Dudukovic, J., Stanojevic, M. and Vranes, S. Year of Conference: 2005 Title: Decision Aid for Sustainable Industrial Siting Conference Name: EUROCON 2005 - The International Conference on "Computer as a Tool" Volume: 2 Pages: 1085-1088 Date: 21-24 Nov. 2005 Short Title: Decision Aid for Sustainable Industrial Siting DOI: 10.1109/EURCON.2005.1630139 Keywords: decision making decision support systems geographic information systems land use planning production facilities software architecture sustainable development multicriteria decision making spatial decision support systems sustainable industrial siting Contracts Protection Rivers Roads Vegetation mapping Water pollution Water resources Geographic Information System Spatial Decision Making Abstract: For sustainable industrial development, the need of the hour is judicious, reasonable and planned use of the finite resources of land, according to the natural environmental properties. To cater to this need, we are using geographic information systems and spatial decision support systems techniques to help proper siting of newly planned industries and industrial estates. This software tool is especially meaningful in developing and transition economy countries, where the process of sustainable industrialization is still in its initial stage. The authentic spatial decision making algorithm, as well as underlying software architecture is presented in detail in this paper Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8602 Author: Orlov, Sergey and Vishnyakov, Andrei Year: 2017 Title: Decision Making for the Software Architecture Structure Based on the Criteria Importance Theory Journal: Procedia Computer Science Volume: 104 Pages: 27-34 Date: // Short Title: Decision Making for the Software Architecture Structure Based on the Criteria Importance Theory ISSN: 1877-0509 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2017.01.050 Keywords: Multicriteria decision analysis Hierarchical criterion Criteria importance theory Software architecture Architecture metric Abstract: Software architectural decisions have a significant impact on the software development process as well as on the quality of developed software systems. In this paper, the technique that allows selecting the optimal software architecture among several alternatives is proposed. This selection technique is reduced to the criteria importance theory for decision-making problems with a hierarchical criterion structure. For applying it, we need to pick up a set of metrics that assess the characteristics of the software architecture. Next, we need to determine metrics scale and create the hierarchical criterion structure with all the relations between software metric groups. The results allow us making conclusions about usefulness of the proposed technique during architecture design phase for software systems. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1877050917300510 Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8521 Author: van Vliet, Hans and Tang, Antony Year: 2016 Title: Decision making in software architecture Journal: Journal of Systems and Software Volume: 117 Pages: 638-644 Date: 7// Short Title: Decision making in software architecture ISSN: 0164-1212 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jss.2016.01.017 Keywords: Software architecture Design decisions Abstract: Traditionally, software architecture is seen as the result of the software architecture design process, the solution, usually represented by a set of components and connectors. Recently, the why of the solution, the set of design decisions made by the software architect, is complementing or even replacing the solution-oriented definition of software architecture. This in turn leads to the study of the process of making these decisions. We outline some research directions that may help us understand and improve the software architecture design process. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0164121216000157 Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 8958 Author: Abdesselam, Redouane Year of Conference: 2007 Title: A decision making model for software design Conference Name: 2007 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man and Cybernetics Pages: 2687-2692 Date: 7-10 Oct. 2007 Short Title: A decision making model for software design ISBN: 1062-922X DOI: 10.1109/ICSMC.2007.4413795 Keywords: decision making design formal specification object-oriented programming software maintenance software packages application requirements commercial off-the-shelf paradigm decision making model formal model specification ideal component small-scale systems software design software maintainability structured first order predicate calculus vendor viability Application software Calculus Costs Equations Software engineering Software performance Software systems Time to market Abstract: Selecting the right components to design a software system involve some deep thoughts and difficult decisions to make. In this paper, we present a model to ease the decision making process. The model is based on commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) paradigm. COTS techniques aim to reduce development time and hence decrease cost compared to a traditional system development. First, an identification of components from the application requirements is made. Then, for each component, we specify a formal model, which is called the ideal-component. A structured first order predicate calculus is used as a tool to formalize application requirements and obtain these formal models. The evaluation of a possible-component, from a vendor, begins with understanding the features and then an acceptance indicator is calculated. The acceptance equation combines three key factors: requirements and features match, vendor-viability and maintainability. Maintainability is a costly phase in any software system and this model caters for this issue during the evaluation process. The model is being investigated in small-scale systems with successful results. Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 7953 Author: Mason, Colin R. and Moffat, James Year: 2000 Title: Decision making support: representing the C2 process in simulations: modelling the human decision-maker Conference Name: Proceedings of the 32nd conference on Winter simulation Conference Location: Orlando, Florida Publisher: Society for Computer Simulation International Pages: 940-949 Place Published: 510513 Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9587 Author: Lewis, G. A., Lago, P. and Avgeriou, P. Year of Conference: 2016 Title: A Decision Model for Cyber-Foraging Systems Conference Name: 2016 13th Working IEEE/IFIP Conference on Software Architecture (WICSA) Pages: 51-60 Date: 5-8 April 2016 Short Title: A Decision Model for Cyber-Foraging Systems DOI: 10.1109/WICSA.2016.38 Keywords: cloud computing computer centres architectural tactics computing power decision model edge clouds micro data centers nonfunctional requirements operational cyber-foraging systems single-hop proximity Bandwidth Computational modeling Computer architecture Data models Data processing Mobile handsets Time factors cyber-foraging mobile cloud computing software architecture Abstract: Cyber-foraging is a technique to enable mobile devices to extend their computing power and storage by offloading computation or data to more powerful servers located in the cloud or in single-hop proximity. While there is a large amount of research in this area, the reality is that there are not many deployed, operational cyber-foraging systems. As these systems become more prevalent due to their proven benefits, combined with the emergence of micro data centers and edge clouds, a need will arise for guidance on their architecture and development. To provide this guidance, we present a decision model based on a mapping of functional and non-functional requirements for cyber-foraging systems to a set of architectural tactics. The decision model was validated by developers to obtain an expert opinion on its correctness and usefulness for guiding the architecture, design, and evolution of cyber-foraging systems that meet their intended functional and non-functional requirements, while understanding the effects of decisions. Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8724 Author: Sabry, Ahmed E. Year: 2015 Title: Decision Model for Software Architectural Tactics Selection Based on Quality Attributes Requirements Journal: Procedia Computer Science Volume: 65 Pages: 422-431 Date: // Short Title: Decision Model for Software Architectural Tactics Selection Based on Quality Attributes Requirements ISSN: 1877-0509 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2015.09.111 Keywords: Software Architecture Architecture Styles and Tactics Quality Attributes (QA) Mining Techniques Business Intelligence (BI) Abstract: Due to increasing industrial demands toward software systems with increasing complexity and challenging quality requirements, software architecture and implementation mechanisms become an important activity. The decisions made during architecture design have significant implications on quality goals. As addressed, there is a lack of available standard models, architectures or frameworks for enabling implementation of quality attributes specially for business intelligence environment and applications in order to rapidly and efficiently supports decision-making. In addition, a lack of researches related to Quality Attributes (QA) requirements, its implementation tactics, and interrelations or correlations between them. The increasing systems complexity mandates software architects to choose from a growing number of design options (decisions) when searching for an optimal architecture design in a specific domain with respect to a defined (set of) quality attributes and constraints. This results in a design space search that is over human capabilities and makes the architectural design task more complicated. In this paper, researcher aimed to reveal most of quality attributes implementation tactics affecting applications architectures, properties. Several quality attributes of software investigated using applied research methods with mixed quantitative (linear) and non-linear analysis techniques. It proposes an initiative for finding an easy and systematic way of addressing quality attributes requirements to a set of implementing architectural tactics. Finally, the findings analyzed and visualized in a way that can support decision stakeholders in addition to a new concept of “safe-tactics” introduced as reduced (pruned) set of tactics that are claimed to be better used in general refactoring cases. In addition, a software tool is developed throughout this research effort as result of gained knowledge and addressing the research findings. Notes: more a system/framework URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1877050915029415 Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 7903 Author: Papatheocharous, Efi, Petersen, Kai, Cicchetti, Antonio, #233, Sentilles, verine, Shah, Syed Muhammad Ali and Gorschek, Tony Year: 2015 Title: Decision support for choosing architectural assets in the development of software-intensive systems: The GRADE taxonomy Conference Name: Proceedings of the 2015 European Conference on Software Architecture Workshops Conference Location: Dubrovnik, Cavtat, Croatia Publisher: ACM Pages: 1-7 DOI: 10.1145/2797433.2797483 Place Published: 2797483 Abstract: Engineering software-intensive systems is a complex process that typically involves making many critical decisions. A continuous challenge during system design, analysis and development is deciding on the reference architecture that could reduce risks and deliver the expected functionality and quality of a product or a service to its users. The lack of evidence in documenting strategies supporting decision-making in the selection of architectural assets in systems and software engineering creates an impediment in learning, improving and also reducing the risks involved. In order to fill this gap, ten experienced researchers in the field of decision support for the selection of architectural assets in engineering software-intensive systems conducted a workshop to reduce traceability of strategies and define a dedicated taxonomy. The result was the GRADE taxonomy, whose key elements can be used to support decision-making as exemplified through a real case instantiation for validation purposes. The overall aim is to support future work of researchers and practitioners in decision-making in the context of architectural assets in the development of software-intensive systems. The taxonomy may be used in three ways: (i) identify new opportunities in structuring decisions; (ii) support the review of alternatives and enable informed decisions; and (iii) evaluate decisions by describing in a retrospective fashion decisions, factors impacting the decision and the outcome. Notes: System Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9001 Author: Shen, L., Peng, X. and Zhao, W. Year of Conference: 2007 Title: Decision Support for Dynamic Adaptation of Business Systems Based on Feature Binding Analysis Conference Name: 31st Annual International Computer Software and Applications Conference (COMPSAC 2007) Volume: 2 Pages: 587-592 Date: 24-27 July 2007 Short Title: Decision Support for Dynamic Adaptation of Business Systems Based on Feature Binding Analysis ISBN: 0730-3157 DOI: 10.1109/COMPSAC.2007.102 Keywords: case-based reasoning decision support systems software architecture business environment business goal business systems business-oriented selfadaptation case based reasoning decision support dynamic evolution feature binding analysis runtime decision-making software components Availability Bridges Computer architecture Computer science Connectors Decision making Performance analysis Runtime environment Sensor phenomena and characterization Abstract: Dynamic evolution has been an essential requirement for more and more business systems which attempt to provide 7(days) x 24(hours) availability and flexible adaptability on the changing business environment. Therefore, these systems are expected to be self-adaptable at run-time with little user intervention. CBSD provides an architectural way for self-adaptation, in which adaptation can be performed on the macro level of architecture and easier to control. However, the big gap between the problem space (business goal and environment) and the solution space (software architecture and components), and the runtime decision-making for adaptation are two difficulties for the implementation of business-oriented self-adaptation. In this paper, we propose an approach of decision support for dynamic adaptation of business systems based on feature binding analysis. In the method, feature model is introduced to represent the business policy and bridge the gap. So, dynamic adaptation can first be performed on feature binding analysis. The other characteristic of the method is CBR (case based reasoning) based adaptation decision on environment factors captured by all kinds of sensors. Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9106 Author: Moaven, S., Habibi, J., Ahmadi, H. and Kamandi, A. Year of Conference: 2008 Title: A Decision Support System for Software Architecture-Style Selection Conference Name: 2008 Sixth International Conference on Software Engineering Research, Management and Applications Pages: 213-220 Date: 20-22 Aug. 2008 Short Title: A Decision Support System for Software Architecture-Style Selection DOI: 10.1109/SERA.2008.26 Keywords: decision support systems fuzzy reasoning inference mechanisms software architecture software maintenance DSS decision support system fuzzy inference multi criteria decision making problem software architecture-style selection software development process software engineering software systems Computer architecture Conference management Decision making Fuzzy logic Software design Technology management Aggregation Tool Architecture-Styles Abstract: Due to the enlargement and complexity of software systems and the need for maintenance and update, success of systems depends strongly on their architecture. Software architecture has been a key element in software development process in two past decades. Therefore, choosing the correct architecture is a critical issue in software engineering domain, with respect to the extremely extension of architecture-driven designs. Moreover, software architecture selection is a multi-criteria decision-making problem in which different goals and objectives should be considered. In this paper, a decision support system (DSS) has been designed which provides software architects with more precise and suitable decisions in architecture styles selection. The DSS uses fuzzy inference to support decisions of software architects and exploits properties of styles in the best way while making decisions. Notes: A system Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9473 Author: Shaw, W. H. and Woffinden, D. S. Year of Conference: 1988 Title: A decision theory framework for software fault correction Conference Name: Proceedings of the IEEE 1988 National Aerospace and Electronics Conference Pages: 707-711 vol.2 Date: 23-27 May 1988 Short Title: A decision theory framework for software fault correction DOI: 10.1109/NAECON.1988.195084 Keywords: decision theory software reliability computational considerations corrective actions decision theory framework failure large-scale software development efforts probabilistic estimates project histories software design software development software fault correction symptoms test Costs Decision making Electrical fault detection History Programming Software maintenance Software testing Software tools Abstract: The use of decision theory concepts in detecting and correcting software faults is considered. The concepts of software faults and failure, symptoms and corrective actions are presented as a way of viewing the software design and test portion of a software development effort. It is shown how probabilistic estimates of software failure based on project histories can be used in a decision-making setting to reduce fault correction cost and time. An algorithm which computes the decision procedure is discussed as well as computational considerations. The impact of the decision-theory model on large-scale software development efforts is presented Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 9235 Author: Kruchten, P., Capilla, R. and Dueñas, J. C. Year: 2009 Title: The Decision View's Role in Software Architecture Practice Journal: IEEE Software Volume: 26 Issue: 2 Pages: 36-42 Short Title: The Decision View's Role in Software Architecture Practice ISSN: 0740-7459 DOI: 10.1109/MS.2009.52 Keywords: software architecture software maintenance software metrics software quality distributed production maintenance operations software crisis software development system complexity Collaborative software Computer architecture Context modeling Costs Production systems Software design Software systems Standards development architectural design decision architectural knowledge architecture views decision view Abstract: Software development has to deal with many challenges-increasing system complexity, requests for better quality, the burden of maintenance operations, distributed production, and high staff turnover, to name just a few. Increasingly, software companies that strive to reduce their products' maintenance costs demand flexible, easy-to-maintain designs. Software architecture constitutes the cornerstone of software design, key for facing these challenges. Several years after the "software crisis" began in the mid-1970s, software architecture practice emerged as a mature (although still growing) discipline, capable of addressing the increasing complexity of new software systems. Notes: Tool, not behavior Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 7856 Author: Falessi, Davide, Cantone, Giovanni, Kazman, Rick and Kruchten, Philippe Year: 2011 Title: Decision-making techniques for software architecture design: A comparative survey Journal: ACM Comput. Surv. Volume: 43 Issue: 4 Pages: 1-28 Short Title: Decision-making techniques for software architecture design: A comparative survey ISSN: 0360-0300 DOI: 10.1145/1978802.1978812 Legal Note: 1978812 Abstract: The architecture of a software-intensive system can be defined as the set of relevant design decisions that affect the qualities of the overall system functionality; therefore, architectural decisions are eventually crucial to the success of a software project. The software engineering literature describes several techniques to choose among architectural alternatives, but it gives no clear guidance on which technique is more suitable than another, and in which circumstances. As such, there is no systematic way for software engineers to choose among decision-making techniques for resolving tradeoffs in architecture design. In this article, we provide a comparison of existing decision-making techniques, aimed to guide architects in their selection. The results show that there is no “best” decision-making technique; however, some techniques are more susceptible to specific difficulties. Hence architects should choose a decision-making technique based on the difficulties that they wish to avoid. This article represents a first attempt to reason on meta-decision-making, that is, the issue of deciding how to decide. Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 7902 Author: Silva, Italo Carlo Lopes, Brito, Patrick H. S., Neto, Baldoino F. dos S., Costa, Evandro and Silva, Andre Almeida Year: 2015 Title: A decision-making tool to support architectural designs based on quality attributes Conference Name: Proceedings of the 30th Annual ACM Symposium on Applied Computing Conference Location: Salamanca, Spain Publisher: ACM Pages: 1457-1463 DOI: 10.1145/2695664.2695928 Place Published: 2695928 Abstract: The success of a software project is strongly related with architectural design. However, designing the right Software Architecture is a very subjective task and takes a long time, being much influenced by architect's experience and the quality of requirements engineering. This architectural knowledge, usually, is not documented, since it is considered tacit knowledge of architects or other stakeholders, and eventually dissipates. The objective of this paper is to present a tool that supports young architects by recommending a suitable architectural style, based on the system's requirements, particularly the quality attributes of the system. The tool encompasses both trade-off resolution over quality attributes and recommendation of architectural styles based on quality attributes. The proposed solution has been evaluated in the context of a specific domain of Learning Management System (LMS), in order to illustrate the tool support in the execution of an architectural design process. Notes: Tool Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 8030 Author: Eug, Marco, #234, Beneditto, nio Madeira Di, Cl, #225 and Werner, udia Maria Lima Year: 2012 Title: A declarative approach for software compositional reconfiguration Conference Name: Proceedings of the 11th International Workshop on Adaptive and Reflective Middleware Conference Location: Montreal, Quebec, Canada Publisher: ACM Pages: 1-6 DOI: 10.1145/2405679.2405686 Place Published: 2405686 Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 9387 Author: Willhoft, B. and Willhoft, R. Year: 2017 Title: Decoding Software Design Journal: Computing in Science & Engineering Volume: 19 Issue: 3 Pages: 86-87 Short Title: Decoding Software Design ISSN: 1521-9615 DOI: 10.1109/MCSE.2017.41 Keywords: Decoding Design methodology Software engineering book review scientific computing software design Abstract: Blaine Willhoft and Rob Willhoft review "Software Design Decoded: 66 Ways Experts Think" by Marian Petre and André van der Hoek, a collection of short, one-paragraph observations on the habits that successful engineers have developed or learned over time. Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 8916 Author: Uzunov, A. V., Falkner, K. and Fernandez, E. B. Year of Conference: 2013 Title: Decomposing Distributed Software Architectures for the Determination and Incorporation of Security and Other Non-functional Requirements Conference Name: 2013 22nd Australian Software Engineering Conference Pages: 30-39 Date: 4-7 June 2013 Short Title: Decomposing Distributed Software Architectures for the Determination and Incorporation of Security and Other Non-functional Requirements ISBN: 1530-0803 DOI: 10.1109/ASWEC.2013.14 Keywords: distributed processing security of data software architecture systems analysis NFR architectural decomposition decomposing distributed software architectures modern distributed systems nonfunctional requirements security Analytical models Computer architecture Protocols Resource management Software distributed systems non-functional requirements software engineering threat modelling Abstract: Non-functional requirements (NFRs) such as security, reliability and performance play a crucial role in the development of modern distributed systems. The burden of incorporating NFRs into a system's architecture, as well the determination of new design-level NFRs, can be greatly eased by the use of a structured approach providing guidance to developers. Such structured approaches, however, require equally structured system characterisations. This is especially important for distributed systems, which are inherently complex and multi-faceted. In this paper we propose a form of characterisation which we term architectural decomposition, and present a multi-level conceptual framework for decomposing distributed software architectures. Using the framework for decomposing architectures can help guide the incorporation and, via complementary analysis processes, the determination of NFRs at the architectural level. We describe each of the levels of the framework in turn, propose a complementary analysis process for security based on threat modelling, as well as a process for using the framework itself, and demonstrate the utility of our approach via an example derived from a real-life distributed architecture. Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9454 Author: Chang, H. F. and Lu, S. C. Y. Year of Conference: 2009 Title: Decomposition and Traceability in Software Design Conference Name: 2009 33rd Annual IEEE International Computer Software and Applications Conference Volume: 2 Pages: 13-18 Date: 20-24 July 2009 Short Title: Decomposition and Traceability in Software Design ISBN: 0730-3157 DOI: 10.1109/COMPSAC.2009.201 Keywords: object-oriented programming program diagnostics software maintenance software quality AD-based software design traceability axiomatic design theory decomposition method functional dependency object-oriented software design shorter delivery time software maintainability Application software Computer applications Computer science Design engineering Engineering management Process design Software design Software development management Software systems USA Councils Axiomatic Design Complex Software Design Conceptual Design Decision Making Object Oriented Design Abstract: Decomposition is a common practice in design of technical systems to manage abstractions and to create components that can be developed separately. However, the hierarchical decomposition methods used in current software design are unable to control the dependency and provide the traceability of decisions effectively. As the difficulty of software systems rises along with increasing demands for more function, lower cost, higher quality and shorter delivery time, this shortcoming has become a major challenge in the software design community. One reason for this shortcoming is the failure of clearly differentiating between the functional and physical notions during the design process. To remedy this deficiency, we employ the axiomatic design (AD) theory developed from engineering design to augment object-oriented software design. This paper explains the features of axiomatic design approach and compare it with traditional software design methods. A case study that compares our proposed AD-based software design results with that from traditional object-oriented design approaches is included to demonstrate its applications and benefits in software design. The results show that explicitly managing functional dependencies at early design stages and focusing on decision traceability along the design process can lead to better software systems with higher quality and maintainability. Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 7628 Author: Valdeón, J. M. C., Cortés, A. R. and Toro, M. Year of Conference: 2016 Title: Defeasible Argumentation of Software Architectures Conference Name: 2016 13th Working IEEE/IFIP Conference on Software Architecture (WICSA) Pages: 115-121 Date: 5-8 April 2016 Short Title: Defeasible Argumentation of Software Architectures DOI: 10.1109/WICSA.2016.48 Keywords: reasoning about programs software architecture Hastings method Twitter defeasible argumentation dialogical structure eBay legal reasoning scientific reasoning software architectural evaluation Cognition Computer architecture Context Pipelines Servers Software architectures architectural evaluation argumentation schemes design rationale Abstract: Defeasible argumentation is typical of legal and scientific reasoning. A defeasible argument is one in which the conclusion can be accepted tentatively in relation with the evidence known so far, but may need to be retracted as new evidence comes in. This paper analyses the role of defeasible argumentation in the explanation and evaluation of architectural decisions. We analyse technical explanations offered by engineers at Twitter and eBay about several architectural decisions adopted in those systems. We generalize these examples in four argumentation schemes. We also study the typical case of reasoning with a formal model of an architecture, and we infer a fifth argumentation scheme. Finally, we apply Hastings' method of attaching a set of critical questions to each scheme. We show that the existence of critical questions reveals that the inferred schemes are defeasible: in argumentation theory, if a respondent asks one of the critical questions matching a scheme and the proponent of an argument fails to offer an adequate answer, the argument defaults and the conclusion is retracted. This dialogical structure is the basis of typical architectural evaluations. We conclude that the provided evidence supports the hypothesis that defeasible argumentation is employed in architectural evaluation. In this context, a rich catalogue of argumentation schemes is a useful tool for the architect to organize his or her reasoning, critical questions assist the architect in identifying the weak points of his or her explanations, and provide the evaluation team with a checklist of issues to be raised. Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 7986 Author: Abowd, Gregory D. Year: 1995 Title: Defining reference models and software architectural styles for cooperative systems Journal: SIGOIS Bull. Volume: 15 Issue: 3 Pages: 4-5 Short Title: Defining reference models and software architectural styles for cooperative systems ISSN: 0894-0819 DOI: 10.1145/201947.201951 Legal Note: 201951 Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8678 Author: Shum, Simon Buckingham and Hammond, Nick Year: 1994 Title: Delivering HCI modelling to designers: A framework and case study of cognitive modelling Journal: Interacting with Computers Volume: 6 Issue: 3 Pages: 314-341 Date: 9// Short Title: Delivering HCI modelling to designers: A framework and case study of cognitive modelling ISSN: 0953-5438 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0953-5438(94)90019-1 Keywords: Human-computer interaction cognitive modelling evaluation Abstract: The human-computer interaction (HCI) research community is generating a large number of usability-oriented models and design frameworks. However, a critical factor which will determine whether any of these achieve significant penetration into the real world of software design is the effort required by practitioners to understand and apply them. In short, analytic tools for usability design must themselves be usable. In response to this challenge, we present a framework which identifies four different ‘gulfs’ between user-centred modelling and design approaches, and their intended users. These gulfs are potential opportunities to support designers if a given analytic approach can be encapsulated in appropriate forms. We then illustrate the framework's application with a concrete example. An evaluation is reported which investigates gulfs associated with an approach which uses an expert system to automate cognitive modelling for human factors designers. An early prototype was evaluated in order to assess the knowledge required to use it. The study demonstrates that whilst this tool does shield users from the complexities of the underlying modelling, they need to understand the way in which it builds its description of the task and user interface. Implications for bridging the different gulfs are then considered. Notes: framework URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0953543894900191 Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 8102 Author: Rieckmann, Marianne, Fraser, Daniel, Chiprianov, Vanea, Szabo, Claudia and Falkner, Katrina Year: 2014 Title: Demonstration of Model-driven Performance Prediction of Distributed Real-time Embedded Systems of Systems Conference Name: Proceedings of the 2014 European Conference on Software Architecture Workshops Conference Location: Vienna, Austria Publisher: ACM Pages: 1-4 DOI: 10.1145/2642803.2642837 Place Published: 2642837 Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 7962 Author: Galster, Matthias Year: 2010 Title: Describing variability in service-oriented software product lines Conference Name: Proceedings of the Fourth European Conference on Software Architecture: Companion Volume Conference Location: Copenhagen, Denmark Publisher: ACM Pages: 344-350 DOI: 10.1145/1842752.1842815 Place Published: 1842815 Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 8861 Author: Kaplanski, P. Year of Conference: 2010 Title: Description logic based generator of data centric applications Conference Name: 2010 2nd International Conference on Information Technology, (2010 ICIT) Pages: 53-56 Date: 28-30 June 2010 Short Title: Description logic based generator of data centric applications Keywords: formal logic formal specification inference mechanisms ontologies (artificial intelligence) user interfaces data centric applications data management description logic based generator description logic reasoner ontology management systems user application specification user interface Generators description logic design pattern model view controller software architecture software engeenering Abstract: The knowledge stored in Ontology Management Systems (OMS) that originally has the form of expressions, can be seen as a user application specification or as knowledge provided by an expert. The generator of applications discussed in this paper is defined as a program that automatically generates an application that meets a certain specification stored in OMS. It is shown that it is possible to build a user interface for data management with an algorithm that crawls over taxonomy inferred by the description logic reasoner. Finally, an example prototype of a medical application will be discussed to prove the feasibility of the proposed approach. Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9184 Author: Qiao, Yingxu and Yang, Hongguo Year of Conference: 2010 Title: Design and application of expert system for coal mine safety Conference Name: 2010 Second IITA International Conference on Geoscience and Remote Sensing Volume: 1 Pages: 452-454 Date: 28-31 Aug. 2010 Short Title: Design and application of expert system for coal mine safety DOI: 10.1109/IITA-GRS.2010.5603158 Keywords: coal expert systems fault diagnosis inference mechanisms mining coal mine safety expert system function detection inference mechanism knowledge base system software design Cognition Safety User interfaces Workstations Inference Engine Abstract: Based on the analyses of the Supervison Workstations of coal mine safety, the shortcomings in traditional methods for fault diagnosis and the promising usage of expert system for the fault diagnosis is constructed. The aim for building the expert system is to make the testing and maintaining equipment for the supervison working better. This paper introduces a kind of expert system based on function detection, expounds general design idea of the system and structure of knowledge base, build inference mechanism and software design, and brief analyzes the feature of this expert system. Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9616 Author: Henry, T., Laurence, Ishak and Jie, F. Year of Conference: 2017 Title: Design and construction of color sensor based optical sorting machine Conference Name: 2017 5th International Conference on Instrumentation, Control, and Automation (ICA) Pages: 36-40 Date: 9-11 Aug. 2017 Short Title: Design and construction of color sensor based optical sorting machine DOI: 10.1109/ICA.2017.8068409 Keywords: assembling automatic optical inspection image colour analysis inspection materials handling equipment optical sensors production engineering computing quality control automatic optical color sorting machine bulk items color identification color sensor based optical sorting machine commisioning defect removal efficiency final assembled programmed machine high-quality inspection inspected items machine capability testing machine construction machine requirements determination manual sorting quality standards recovery efficiency software design sorting capability Color Image color analysis Optical design Optical filters Optical imaging Sorting sensor sorting machine Abstract: Quality plays significant role to stay competitive in the market, especially in industries that many new products enter and leave themarket. The basic requirement is to ensure that only products meet the quality standards can be released, and this is possible by implementing high-quality inspection to sort the products. However, manual sorting of bulk items is very difficult due to a large number of inspected items. Thus, automatic optical color sorting machine could be an answer to solve the problem. The aim of the study is to design and construct a color sensor based optical sorting machine and was carried out through several stages; problem identification, research purpose formulation, literature review, machine requirements determination, machine and software design, machine construction, commissioning, machine capability testing, and conclusion. Some capabilities of final assembled and programmed machine were tested, from color identification, ejection, and sorting. The experiments show that the machine is capable of correctly detecting 74.75% of good materials, without false detection of the bad materials, while on the other hand the machine successfully ejecting 94.02% of the materials marked to be ejected. The sorting capability of this machine reached recovery efficiency of 67.41%, and defect removal efficiency of 85.07%. Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9636 Author: Xia, Feifei and Zhang, Guangnian Year of Conference: 2009 Title: Design and implementation of a Java-based search engine algorithm analysis system Conference Name: 2009 4th International Conference on Computer Science & Education Pages: 1040-1043 Date: 25-28 July 2009 Short Title: Design and implementation of a Java-based search engine algorithm analysis system DOI: 10.1109/ICCSE.2009.5228477 Keywords: Java Web sites search engines software architecture Eclipse RCP software design approach Java multi-thread Java-based search engine algorithm analysis system SEOAdvisor Web pages Website search engine results page statistical principles Algorithm design and analysis Computer architecture Computer science Computer science education Libraries Programming profession Software design ranking factor search engine optimization Abstract: In this article, one system used to auto analyzing and verifying search engine algorithm via using statistical principles and comparisons is suggested, and we call it as SEOAdvisor. The system can predict and verify ranking algorithm used in popular search engines via capturing and comparing Web pages listed on top of search engine results page (SERP) automatically. With this system, search engine optimization experts can let Website getting high ranking via optimizing website. During the implementation of SEOAdvisor, we use Eclipse RCP software design approach, Java multi-thread, and other advanced programming technologies. Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9102 Author: Mohammed, P. and Mohan, P. Year of Conference: 2011 Title: The Design and Implementation of an Enculturated Web-Based Intelligent Tutoring System for Computer Science Education Conference Name: 2011 IEEE 11th International Conference on Advanced Learning Technologies Pages: 501-505 Date: 6-8 July 2011 Short Title: The Design and Implementation of an Enculturated Web-Based Intelligent Tutoring System for Computer Science Education ISBN: 2161-3761 DOI: 10.1109/ICALT.2011.156 Keywords: computer science education cultural aspects intelligent tutoring systems ITS Internet-ready devices cultural-awareness deficiency digital learning environments e-Learning enculturated Web-based intelligent tutoring system Context Cultural differences Electronic learning Materials Programming profession Culture Experimentation Software Design Abstract: Accommodating for learner diversity based on cultural backgrounds has not yet been a major personalisation focus until recently. Increasing numbers of Internet-ready devices have propelled e-Learning forward such that these deficiencies in cultural-awareness can no longer remain unattended. Despite being investigated from an instructional design standpoint, the enculturation of digital learning environments has largely been theorized, necessitating manual enculturation by experts, instructors and even students. Consequently, enculturated learning environments are limited in practice. In this paper, a preliminary design for building a web-based Intelligent Tutoring System (ITS) is described together with the features and intended functionality of the various components. This work contributes a practical approach that was implemented and evaluated using two concrete systems within the domain of Computer Science education. An analysis of the findings and empirical evidence reported in the study supports the viability of the approach taken and reveals that intelligent tutoring systems benefit from enculturation. Reference Type: Book Section Record Number: 8653 Author: Mulpeter, T. and Guyot, O. Year: 2000 Title: Design and implementation of an on-line optimizing control system for processing the sadiola hill oxidised gold ore Editor: Paolo, Massacci Book Title: Developments in Mineral Processing Publisher: Elsevier Volume: Volume 13 Pages: C3-45-C3-54 Short Title: Design and implementation of an on-line optimizing control system for processing the sadiola hill oxidised gold ore ISBN: 0167-4528 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0167-4528(00)80015-0 Keywords: optimizing control expert system Sadiola OCS software Abstract: Sadiola Hill mine is located in the sub-Saharan part of Mali. In its first two years of operations, Sadiola Hill mine had already exceeded expectations with respect to profitability, plant capacity, metallurgical recovery, cash costs and social integration into the area. The advanced control system installed by the authors has been a major contributor in the substantial throughput of the mill over the design tonnage with no loss of recovery. The run-of-mine ore at Sadiola consists of soft clays with a varying percentage of grit, producing a high viscosity slurry. The percentage of grit fed to the plant varies on an hourly basis. This combination was expected to have a large impact on the milling circuit and determined that the early installation of an expert mill control system would be advantageous. Svedala Cisa OCS©, was selected as the most suitable support software. The operational rules and control philosophy are housed in the OCS© graphic-oriented fuzzy expert system while a model-based Soft Sensor has the remarkable ability to detect the variations in grit in the feed. Designed during the second half of 1996, commissioning of the system began in March 1997, the OCS was fully on-line by September. With the implementation of the optimising control strategy a throughput of 5.0 million t relative to the target of 4.4 million t was achieved for the 1998-operating year. The Sadiola project confirms that advanced process control techniques are among the most cost-and time-effective methods of improving metallurgical plant performance. The recipe that worked at Sadiola is a mix of metallurgical expertise, proper software selection, adequate design of control philosophy, and excellent plant support and follow-up. The early decision, design and installation of the mill control system have resulted in an enhanced Return on Investment. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167452800800150 Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9136 Author: Tao, Peng, Lianying, Sun and Hong, Bao Year of Conference: 2010 Title: Design and implementation of ATM simulation system based on MVC pattern Conference Name: 2010 International Conference on Educational and Information Technology Volume: 1 Pages: V1-328-V1-331 Date: 17-19 Sept. 2010 Short Title: Design and implementation of ATM simulation system based on MVC pattern DOI: 10.1109/ICEIT.2010.5607693 Keywords: authorisation automatic teller machines computer science education digital simulation educational courses graphical user interfaces object-oriented programming software architecture ATM simulation system MVC pattern group discussion model-view-controller pattern role-based access control principle software design and development course teaching teaching reform Asynchronous transfer mode Biological system modeling Computational modeling Databases ATM system MVC software design and development teaching case Abstract: The Model-View-Controller (MVC) pattern style separates software into models representing core functionality, views which display the models to the user, and controllers which let the user change the models. Although more sophisticated architectures have since been developed, MVC is interesting to explore because its simplicity makes it more acceptable to practitioners and it is beginning to be come well-known in industry. This paper presents teaching reform and practice of the course - “software design and development”, using the methods of case analysis and group discussion. In the teaching reform, the teaching case, ATM simulation system based MVC design pattern was illustrated. The usage of MVC pattern was illustrated. Moreover, the ways to deal with business rules variation were also described and compared with each other. At last, the problem of permission management was explained based on role-based access control principle. Students are very familiar with the domain of this system and so teaching effect can be improved. Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9472 Author: Wu, C. and Wang, B. Year of Conference: 2008 Title: Design and Implementation of Embedded Ethernet Accessing in Data Collection and Processing System Based on ADSP-BF533 Conference Name: 2008 International Conference on Embedded Software and Systems Symposia Pages: 271-274 Date: 29-31 July 2008 Short Title: Design and Implementation of Embedded Ethernet Accessing in Data Collection and Processing System Based on ADSP-BF533 DOI: 10.1109/ICESS.Symposia.2008.45 Keywords: embedded systems local area networks software architecture ADSP-BF533 Linux driver module data collection embedded Ethernet accessing embedded system hardware architecture industrial Ethernet control industry control rapid development Application software Control systems Data engineering Design engineering Electrical equipment industry Ethernet networks Hardware Protocols Signal analysis TCPIP BF533 socket uClinux Abstract: With the rapid development of embedded system, it takes an important role in the industrial Ethernet control domain. Joining a project, this paper presents a cost-effective and high performance scheme of Ethernet accessing in data collection and processing system which based on ADSP-BF533. Implementation of hardware and software architecture is provided, and then the method for programming the driver module in Linux is introduced. At last a feasible solution for acquiring data in industrial locale is proposed. It has proved it can work effectively and reliably in application, and satisfy the application request. So it has very good reference significance in the field of industry control. Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9069 Author: Guoxiong, H., Li, H. and Xinghe, Y. Year of Conference: 2011 Title: The design and implementation of ordering system based on ARM Conference Name: 2011 International Conference on Electronics, Communications and Control (ICECC) Pages: 1079-1082 Date: 9-11 Sept. 2011 Short Title: The design and implementation of ordering system based on ARM DOI: 10.1109/ICECC.2011.6066338 Keywords: customer services embedded systems marketing microprocessor chips mobile computing order processing ARM9 S3C24410 WinCE operating system migration beverage automation business efficiency embedded handheld wireless ordering system food automation manpower catering cost software development Educational institutions Flash memory Handheld computers SDRAM Servers Software Wireless communication ARM Embedded System order dishes wince Abstract: In order to improve business efficiency and save manpower catering costs, and to attain food and beverage automation, we design and accomplish a new embedded handheld wireless ordering system based on ARM9 S3C24410. The system completed the wince operating system migration and software development based on the S3C2410. Paper describes in details the system's hardware and software design and implementation. The test shows that the system has the characteristics of low cost, friendly UI, easy to operate, powerful function, easy to update and maintain. It has a positive role in improving the quality of service has a positive role in promoting. Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9592 Author: Lin, Z., Meng, D. and Zhong, Q. Year of Conference: 2011 Title: Design and Implementation of OTG Communication System Terminal Based on USB Conference Name: 2011 International Conference on Control, Automation and Systems Engineering (CASE) Pages: 1-4 Date: 30-31 July 2011 Short Title: Design and Implementation of OTG Communication System Terminal Based on USB DOI: 10.1109/ICCASE.2011.5997526 Keywords: microcontrollers mobile communication peripheral interfaces power aware computing program debugging protocols software architecture CodeWarrior IDE MCF52223 MCU OTG communication system terminal OTG drive software OTG software architecture USB host function USB on-the-go communication system terminal USB peripheral function initialization mode judgement software interface circuit design portable device power management circuit role switch protocol software packet software debugging Hardware Plugs Resistors Software Switches Universal Serial Bus Abstract: To mobile communication requirement of portable device, a USB On-The-Go (OTG) communication system terminal, based on Freescale's 32-bit MCU - MCF52223, is designed in the paper. The system terminal can implement USB host function and USB peripheral function. The system design includes software part and hardware part. The hardware design includes power management circuit and interface circuit design. The OTG software on the IDE of CodeWarrior is designed by component thinking. Firstly, we build the OTG software architecture and analyze its structural characteristics. Secondly, initialization mode judgement software, OTG drive software, host/peripheral software packet and role switch protocol software packet also are designed on the basis of software architecture. Finally, the debugging result is shown in the paper. The result shows that the system terminal can implement not only host function but also peripheral function and has stable performance. Meanwhile, the design also provides a guide to application terminal design based on USB OTG. Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8240 Author: Szykman, Simon and Sriram, Ram D. Year: 2006 Title: Design and implementation of the Web-enabled NIST design repository Journal: ACM Trans. Internet Technol. Volume: 6 Issue: 1 Pages: 85-116 Short Title: Design and implementation of the Web-enabled NIST design repository ISSN: 1533-5399 DOI: 10.1145/1125274.1125278 Legal Note: 1125278 Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9422 Author: Changyuan, Wang and Jing, Zhang Year of Conference: 2010 Title: Design and implementation of Weapons Fault Diagnosis Expert System Platform Conference Name: 2010 International Conference on Computer Application and System Modeling (ICCASM 2010) Volume: 7 Pages: V7-578-V7-581 Date: 22-24 Oct. 2010 Short Title: Design and implementation of Weapons Fault Diagnosis Expert System Platform ISBN: 2161-9069 DOI: 10.1109/ICCASM.2010.5620629 Keywords: expert systems fault diagnosis knowledge representation military computing object-oriented programming user interfaces weapons complex knowledge representation method component based software design reusable expert system user interface weapons fault weapons fault diagnosis expert system platform Cognition expert system platform weapon and equipment Abstract: By analyzing the distinguishing features of the current popular weapons fault diagnosis expert system, as well as using component-based software design and complex knowledge representation methods, this paper proposes a solution of overall design and a description of user interfaces about the Weapons Fault Diagnosis Expert System Platform. It studies and discusses the complex knowledge representation about the reusable expert system. The implementation essentials in a variety of reasoning mechanisms are also discussed. It is proved that, a special weapons fault diagnosis expert system can be generated using this expert system platform and the special knowledge of the weapons fault. Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9393 Author: Yue, Youjun, Li, Xiang, Wang, Zongqiang and Zong, Qun Year of Conference: 2011 Title: Design and realization of multi-function car-carry fault diagnosis system Conference Name: Proceedings 2011 International Conference on Transportation, Mechanical, and Electrical Engineering (TMEE) Pages: 1949-1952 Date: 16-18 Dec. 2011 Short Title: Design and realization of multi-function car-carry fault diagnosis system DOI: 10.1109/TMEE.2011.6199596 Keywords: SQL automobiles design engineering expert systems fault diagnosis fault trees inference mechanisms interactive systems mechanical engineering computing user interfaces FTA SQLite database automotive engine body parts chassis systems electrical equipment expert system inference engine fault tree analysis inference machine interactive search method interpreter program multifunction car-carry fault diagnosis system design multifunction car-carry fault diagnosis system realization preset text reasoning mechanism system human-machine interface operating results vehicle fault diagnosis expert knowledge base vehicle status monitoring module design Databases Engines Vehicles Expert System fault tree Abstract: The present study fist proposed the structure of a multi-function car-carry fault diagnosis system, and the design of vehicle status monitoring module. Secondly, this paper analyzed the design of vehicle fault diagnosis expert knowledge base, inference machine and interpreter program. The paper used fault tree analysis (FTA) to establish fault tree of automotive engine, chassis systems, body parts and electrical equipment, then simplified the fault tree to form fault diagnosis rules, and establishes car-carry fault diagnosis expert system knowledge base. In its software implementation, SQLite database is used to save and manage diagnostic rules. Expert system inference engine uses an interactive search method based adopt reasoning mechanism. The expert system uses preset text to realize explanation. Finally, this paper discusses hardware and software design of the fault diagnosis system, and demonstrates the system's human-machine interface operating results. Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 8842 Author: Liu, Y. Year of Conference: 2016 Title: The Design and Realization of the Automatic Generation System of 2D Animation Conference Name: 2016 International Conference on Intelligent Transportation, Big Data & Smart City (ICITBS) Pages: 475-478 Date: 17-18 Dec. 2016 Short Title: The Design and Realization of the Automatic Generation System of 2D Animation DOI: 10.1109/ICITBS.2016.109 Keywords: art artificial intelligence computer animation 2.5 dimensional layer space 2D animation 3D animation animation script artificial intelligence technology automatic generation system cartoon art computer aided animation creative industry significance cultural significance film art research field frame display one-dimensional discrete spatial two-dimensional continuous spatial Big Data Smart cities Transportation automatic generation knowledge storage layer planning software design Abstract: Automatically generation of full life cycle computer aided animation is a combination of a cartoon art, artificial intelligence technology and film art research field. In 3D animation automatically generated there has been progress, this paper attempts to expand it to the field of two-dimensional animation, this paper puts forward a 2D animation auto generation technology. For the two-dimensional animation features, this paper designed a series of innovative technologies and methods, in principle realized from the whole process of animation script to the two-dimensional animation automatic conversion, and has developed a prototype system to verify the design idea. This topic has the important scientific research significance, the cultural significance and the creative industry significance. According to the characteristics of two-dimensional animation frame by frame display, this paper will automatically generating 2D animation design established in two-dimensional continuous spatial (horizontal and vertical) and one-dimensional discrete spatial (depth) of 2.5 dimensional layer space. Layer is the frame of the drawing carrier, in the two-dimensional animation of the planning and generation process plays a key role. 2.5 dimensional layer space is a layer of multiple layers, so the expression of animation elements in the 2.5 dimensional space and three-dimensional space is completely different. This makes the automatic generation of 2D animation can not fully follow the research ideas of the automatic generation of 3D animation, it is needed to design some new techniques for the characteristics of 2D animation. This is a challenge, but also has important research value. Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9344 Author: Garcia, J. G., Ortega, J. G., Nieto, L. N. and Garcia, A. S. Year of Conference: 2007 Title: Design and Validation of an Open Architecture for an Industrial Robot Conference Name: 2007 IEEE International Symposium on Industrial Electronics Pages: 2004-2009 Date: 4-7 June 2007 Short Title: Design and Validation of an Open Architecture for an Industrial Robot ISBN: 2163-5137 DOI: 10.1109/ISIE.2007.4374915 Keywords: control system CAD force control industrial manipulators open systems robot programming software architecture complex programming control design industrial manipulator industrial robot manipulator interaction model-based control open software architecture open software platforms robotic manipulator systems sensor-based control simulation functions Computer architecture Electrical equipment industry Functional programming Manipulators Robot sensing systems Service robots Software systems Abstract: In the improvement of robotic manipulator systems, open software platforms play an important role in control design of robots, especially where new techniques, as force control, want to be included. A good platform can provide both simulation functions that speed up the development of different algorithms and experimentation functions which include complex programming and huge data collection. This paper presents a new open software architecture for an industrial manipulator that permits easy implementation of model-based and sensor-based control concepts. In addition, it proves to be interesting for robotics research since it allows the integration of standard industrial components. The entire system has been successfully developed, implemented, and demonstrated for a robotic task which required the interaction between the manipulator and an unknown environment. Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9547 Author: Pollard, A. M. and McGee, T. G. Year of Conference: 2011 Title: Design considerations for a Guidance, Navigation, and Control sensor system for a robotic lunar lander Conference Name: 2011 Aerospace Conference Pages: 1-10 Date: 5-12 March 2011 Short Title: Design considerations for a Guidance, Navigation, and Control sensor system for a robotic lunar lander ISBN: 1095-323X DOI: 10.1109/AERO.2011.5747339 Keywords: aerospace robotics aircraft landing guidance planetary rovers position measurement robotic assembly International Lunar Network assembly design control sensor system navigation sensor technologies position measurements robotic lunar lander guidance robotic lunar lander navigation Assembly Cameras Moon Navigation Optical sensors Robot sensing systems Surface treatment Abstract: With the goal of developing a preliminary hardware and software design of a Guidance, Navigation and Control Subsystem of a robotic lunar lander for various potential missions including the International Lunar Network (ILN), navigation sensor technologies are researched and their maturity is assessed. The results of the broad technology assessment are compared with requirements generated from known or estimated design constraints, modeling and simulation results, and subject-matter expert consultations to validate the assembly design. The results identify the current baseline and some alternative components for the lander. The nominal sensor configuration baselines assume that precision landing is desired for the mission even though some of the mission concepts, including the ILN mission, could be achieved without precision landing. In these cases, the specific sensors used for precision terrain relative position measurements are removed from the configuration. Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9620 Author: Parthipan, S., Senthil Velan, S. and Babu, C. Year of Conference: 2014 Title: Design level metrics to measure the complexity across versions of AO software Conference Name: 2014 IEEE International Conference on Advanced Communications, Control and Computing Technologies Pages: 1708-1714 Date: 8-10 May 2014 Short Title: Design level metrics to measure the complexity across versions of AO software DOI: 10.1109/ICACCCT.2014.7019400 Keywords: Java aspect-oriented programming computational complexity educational administrative data processing software maintenance software metrics software quality AO software AspectJ aspect oriented software design design level metrics quality attributes quantitative assessment software development methodology software metric university automation system version complexity Complexity theory Software Abstract: Software metric plays a vital role in quantitative assessment of any specific software development methodology and its impact on the maintenance of software. It can also be used to indicate the degree of interdependence among the components by providing valuable feedback about quality attributes such as maintainability, modifiability and understandability. The effort for software maintenance normally has a high correlation with the complexity of its design. Aspect Oriented Software Design is an emerging methodology that provides powerful new techniques to improve the modularity of software from its design. In this paper, evaluation model to capture the symptoms of complexity has been defined consisting of metrics, artifacts and elements of complexity. A tool to automatically capture these metrics across different versions of a case study application, University Automation System has been developed. The values obtained for the proposed metrics are used to infer on the complexity of Java and AspectJ implementations of the case study application. These measurements indicate that AspectJ implementations are less complex compared to the Java implementations and there by positively influencing the maintainability of software. Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8444 Author: Xia, Yongquan, Shen, Han and Dong, Xiangying Year: 2011 Title: The Design of 3G Mobile Video Surveillance System Based On J2ME Platform Journal: Procedia Engineering Volume: 15 Pages: 2423-2427 Date: // Short Title: The Design of 3G Mobile Video Surveillance System Based On J2ME Platform ISSN: 1877-7058 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2011.08.455 Keywords: 3G Mobile Video Surveillance J2ME Platform Wireless Networks Abstract: The moving video surveillance system plays an important role in many fields, a moving video surveillance system based on 3G wireless network is proposed in this paper. The increasing bandwidth of 3G wireless networks provides us with implementing the moving video monitoring in 3G mobile. The J2ME platform is applied in 3G mobile video monitoring software design because of the outstanding mobile application development platform and cross-platform advantage. The design of mobile video surveillance is discussed and presents a mobile client development details. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1877705811019564 Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 8292 Author: Esteban, Gonzalo, Fern, Camino, #225, ndez, Conde, Miguel A., Matell, Vicente and #225 Year: 2013 Title: Design of a haptic simulator framework for modelling surgical learning systems Conference Name: Proceedings of the First International Conference on Technological Ecosystem for Enhancing Multiculturality Conference Location: Salamanca, Spain Publisher: ACM Pages: 87-94 DOI: 10.1145/2536536.2536551 Place Published: 2536551 Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8741 Author: Van Den Bossche, Bruno, Van Hoecke, Sofie, Danneels, Chris, Decruyenaere, Johan, Dhoedt, Bart and De Turck, Filip Year: 2008 Title: Design of a JAIN SLEE/ESB-based platform for routing medical data in the ICU Journal: Computer Methods and Programs in Biomedicine Volume: 91 Issue: 3 Pages: 265-277 Date: 9// Short Title: Design of a JAIN SLEE/ESB-based platform for routing medical data in the ICU ISSN: 0169-2607 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cmpb.2008.05.003 Keywords: Intensive Care Units Computer assisted decision making Software architectures Computer systems evaluation High performance computing Abstract: The importance of computer aided decision making is continuously increasing. In the ICU, medical decision support services gather and process medical data of patients and present results and suggestions to the medical staff. The medical decision support services can monitor for example blood pressure, creatinine levels or the usage of antibiotics. If certain levels are crossed, they raise alerts so that the medical staff can take appropriate actions if required. This significantly reduces the amount of data needing to be processed by the medical staff. To handle the large amount of data that is generated by the ICU on a daily basis, a platform for routing and processing this data is necessary. In this paper we propose a platform based on JAIN SLEE and an Enterprise Service Bus. The platform takes care of the routing of the data to the appropriate services and allows to easily deploy and manage services. In this paper, we present the design details and the evaluation results. Furthermore, it is shown that the platform is capable of routing and processing all the events generated by the ICU within strict time constraints. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0169260708001235 Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9360 Author: Lin, Z., Meng, M. Q. H., Chen, W., Liang, H. and Liu, X. Year of Conference: 2007 Title: Design of a PDA-based telerobotic system Conference Name: 2007 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Biomimetics (ROBIO) Pages: 1563-1567 Date: 15-18 Dec. 2007 Short Title: Design of a PDA-based telerobotic system DOI: 10.1109/ROBIO.2007.4522397 Keywords: client-server systems control system CAD graphical user interfaces mobile robots notebook computers radio networks software architecture telerobotics transport protocols PDA-based telerobotic system Sony AIBO robot TCP UDP client-server software architecture graphic user interface mobile robot wireless network Computer architecture Costs Feedback Insulation Network servers Personal digital assistants Wireless networks Internet Robot Teleoperation Telerobotic Telerobotic System Abstract: Teleoperation system plays an important role in executing tasks under hazardous environments. Unfortunately, most of the traditional teleoperation systems are expensive and bulky thus not suitable to provide real-world services. This paper introduces a novel architecture for the teleoperation of mobile robot based on Personal Digital Assistant(PDA) with mobility, facility and low cost. The architecture mainly consists of a Sony AIBO robot and a PDA, which communicate with each other via wireless network. A client-server software architecture is employed, in which the client software is insulated from the low-level details of the server. TCP and UDP are respectively used to transmit control commands and feedback information to meet the different needs of the two kinds data. A friendly Graphic User Interface is also designed to make the teleoperation as maneuverable as possible. This architecture is implemented finally.The experiment results well demostrate the feasibility and effectiveness of such a PDA-based telerobotic architecture. Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9433 Author: Naeem, W., Xu, T., Sutton, R. and Chudley, J. Year of Conference: 2006 Title: Design of an Unmanned Catamaran with Pollutant Tracking and Surveying Capabilities Conference Name: 2006 UKACC Control 2006 Mini Symposia Pages: 99-113 Date: 31-31 Aug. 2006 Short Title: Design of an Unmanned Catamaran with Pollutant Tracking and Surveying Capabilities Keywords: fault tolerance linear quadratic Gaussian control marine vehicles mobile robots remotely operated vehicles sensor fusion telerobotics Springer fault tolerant multi-sensor data fusion navigational sensors pollutant tracking surveying capabilities unmanned catamaran unmanned surface vehicle guidance and control linear quadratic Gaussian multi-sensor data fusion navigation Abstract: An unmanned catamaran named Springer is being developed by the Marine and Industrial Dynamic Analysis Research Group at the University of Plymouth to conduct environmental and geographical surveys in shallow waters. An equally important secondary role envisaged for Springer is as a platform for other marine research groups to test their own systems onboard the vehicle. This paper highlights Springer hardware and software architecture including various navigational sensors, speed controller and an environmental monitoring unit. Details regarding the development of a fault tolerant multi-sensor data fusion technique are also outlined. Moreover, control strategy based on a linear quadratic Gaussian with loop transfer recovery theory is presented which would be implemented in Springer for track keeping Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9077 Author: Chen, X. l. and Yang, Y. w. Year of Conference: 2012 Title: Design of bus vehicle monitoring terminal design on S3C6410 Conference Name: World Automation Congress 2012 Pages: 1-4 Date: 24-28 June 2012 Short Title: Design of bus vehicle monitoring terminal design on S3C6410 ISBN: 2154-4824 Keywords: Embedded GPRS GPS Linux Vehicle Monitoring Video Surveillance Abstract: This paper introduces a design of the embedded bus vehicle monitoring terminal. The terminal includes two parts: bus monitoring remote monitoring and its monitoring of passenger car. The design played a good role for the current bus operators on bus real-time monitoring and management, also solved by bus in the driving process problems can not get timely feedback problem. These articles emphatically elaborated the system hardware and software design, each function module and in the bus vehicle terminal monitoring system function. This design experiments many times, and achieved good results. Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9637 Author: Yin, Qun and Zhang, Jianbo Year of Conference: 2014 Title: Design of cloud services platform based on JSON Conference Name: 2014 9th International Conference on Computer Science & Education Pages: 560-565 Date: 22-24 Aug. 2014 Short Title: Design of cloud services platform based on JSON DOI: 10.1109/ICCSE.2014.6926524 Keywords: cloud computing project management software metrics software quality JCFXBL platform JSON cloud service platform design data services development phase implementation phase software design software development complexity software development management software quality improvement systems integration projects Computers Context Cryptography Integrated circuits Simple object access protocol management software platform Abstract: With the increasing range of software development and applications, the scale of software development is becoming larger and larger. The larger software's scale is the more possible failed in the phase of design, development, and implementation in software. As a starting point to improve the management and development of software, this paper designs a service platform for data services - JCFXBL. JCFXBL is mainly used to solve two issues, one is the management of software development, and the other is the technology of software development. In combination with two the practical application cases based on JCFXBL, from software development, software design, project management, the article describes the role of JCFXBL platform in the “Project Management” and “systems integration projects”, and verifies that JCFXBL platform can reduce the complexity of software development, improve software quality and solve software development, management issues, by actual software development. Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9004 Author: Zhang, J. a., Jiang, Y. l. and Zhang, N. Year of Conference: 2011 Title: Design of common task based parallel platform for power system analysis and stability assessment Conference Name: 2011 3rd International Conference on Computer Research and Development Volume: 1 Pages: 261-265 Date: 11-13 March 2011 Short Title: Design of common task based parallel platform for power system analysis and stability assessment DOI: 10.1109/ICCRD.2011.5764016 Keywords: file servers load dispatching parallel processing power grids power system analysis computing power system reliability power system stability software maintenance task analysis workstations calculation interface computation management service computation workstations configuration service console workstations data server database service electrical power dispatching centre file transfer service hardware management interconnected subsystems large scale network multiple analysis systems power grid reliability power system analysis raw data service result processing interface stability assessment task based parallel platform task dispatching service task partitioning interface task partitioning program Databases Dispatching Hardware Power system dynamics distributed processing multi-core processing parallel platform power system software architecture Abstract: Power system is tending to form a large scale network with numerous interconnected subsystems. In order to maintain the reliability and stability of the power grid, multiple analysis systems with specific hardware platforms are implemented in the electrical power dispatching centre, which makes the software maintenance and hardware management more complicated and ponderous. This paper describes a common task based parallel platform for power system analysis and stability assessment, in which multiple analysis systems and applications can be implemented respectively by sharing the same hardware and support software. The computers in the platform are assigned as data server, computation workstations or console workstations. There are two roles for the computation workstations, one is assumed the manager, and the others are assumed the node. The support software includes 9 programs: file transfer service, configuration service, database service, raw data service, task partitioning interface, task dispatching service, calculation interface, result processing interface and computation management service. Analysis systems and applications can easily be integrated into the platform by development of 3 programs: the task partitioning program, the calculation program and the result processing program. The parallel platform is designed to meet the needs of different applications, by which the hardware costs are reduced and the development cycle is shortened. It is also beneficial to enhance the reliability of power system operations. Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8718 Author: Katalinic, Branko Year: 1992 Title: Design of Control Structures for Complex Flexible Manufacturing Systems Journal: IFAC Proceedings Volumes Volume: 25 Issue: 8 Pages: 26-33 Date: 6// Short Title: Design of Control Structures for Complex Flexible Manufacturing Systems ISSN: 1474-6670 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S1474-6670(17)54043-4 Keywords: FMS CIM design control structure scheduling planning optimisation expert system logistic control strategy Abstract: Mcidern FMS are composed from standard system components (machine tools, AGV, robots, storage, tools,.) which are possible to buy on the world market. But the system components alone cannot guarantee the functionality of FMS. The efficiency of FMS directly depend on FMS hardware and software design and on the ideas which are implemented. To realize the most complex FMS with limited resources and a lot of bottelnecks it is necessary to design and implement sophisticated algorithms to build up FMS working-scenarios and to solve the conflict situation and control such a system. This paper describes one new concept/method of designing control structures for most complex modern FMS. The method is successfully implemented and verified in practice in one new Austrian factory as a part of CIM solution. The method is based on queue theory and priority structure. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1474667017540434 Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 8829 Author: Jigang, Duan Year of Conference: 2011 Title: Design of digital 2DOF servo system of shipboard tracking radar Conference Name: Proceedings of 2011 IEEE CIE International Conference on Radar Volume: 2 Pages: 1825-1829 Date: 24-27 Oct. 2011 Short Title: Design of digital 2DOF servo system of shipboard tracking radar ISBN: 1097-5764 DOI: 10.1109/CIE-Radar.2011.6159927 Keywords: fibre optic gyroscopes radar tracking ships target tracking MATLAB/Simulink all digital servo system digital 2DOF servo system digital current loop feedforward controller fiber optic gyroscope freedom controller structure hardware and software design inertial angular rate sensor mathematical model sensitivity function analysis shipboard tracking radar two degrees of freedom velocity loop DSP dynamic performance Abstract: All-digital servo system of shipboard tracking radar based on 2DOF (two degrees of freedom) system theory is designed in the paper. The paper puts forward a method of obtaining the feedforward controller of the two degrees of freedom system based on the step response curve of one degree of freedom system. The mathematical model of the servo system is established using MATLAB/Simulink, the two degrees of freedom velocity loop is designed, and the simulation results show that two degrees of freedom controller structure has significant role of enhancing the dynamic performance of the velocity loop, sensitivity function analysis verifies the robustness of the velocity loop. The hardware and software design of the servo system are Completed based on TMS320F28335 DSP, FOG (Fiber Optic Gyroscope) serves as inertial angular rate sensor of the velocity loop, the digital current loop is realized. Isolation experiment and tracking simulated moving target experiment are carried out, the experimental results show that the servo system has good dynamic performance and good disturbance attenuation capability. Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9562 Author: Shella Arrum, Wardhani, Richard Karel Willem, Mengko and Agung Wahyu, Setiawan Year of Conference: 2016 Title: Design of drug-pregnancy alerting system to prevent harmful drug effect for pregnant women Conference Name: 2016 6th International Conference on System Engineering and Technology (ICSET) Pages: 67-71 Date: 3-4 Oct. 2016 Short Title: Design of drug-pregnancy alerting system to prevent harmful drug effect for pregnant women DOI: 10.1109/ICSEngT.2016.7849625 Keywords: Internet decision making decision support systems drug delivery systems drugs medical administrative data processing medical computing Adora Pharmacies Apache Web server DSS MySQL database PHP programming language Web-based application XAMPP package decision making system drug administration drug delivery drug-pregnancy alerting system harmful drug effect medical personnel medication administration errors pregnant women software DPAS-FPW system software design pregnancy alerting sytems teratogenic effects warning systems Alarm systems Hospitals Manuals Personnel Pregnancy Software Drug-Pregnancy Alerting Systems adverse drug prevention systems for pregnant women alert system to the drug for pregnant women Abstract: A small number of drugs that have teratogenic effects would be fatal and should not be given to a pregnant woman, so be required a software that can provide information with warning systems to reduce medication administration errors in pregnant women. System software Design Pregnancy Alerting Sytems For Pregnant Women (DPAS-FPW) is a web-based application that has been developed with the PHP programming language using XAMPP package consisting of Apache web server, PHP and MySQL database. This system is also a DSS (Decision-Making System), which serves to help users make decisions. Do comparative speed and accuracy of decision-making by medical personnel using the test case study with manual and with the help of software DPAS-FPW. Tests conducted at 50 medical personnel consisting of 26 general practioners and 24 pharmacists who are in Adora Pharmacies, Adika Pharmacies and Dustira Hospital. Do also test implementations DPAS-FPW on 20 pregnant women who get a prescription from the hospital. Dustira. Parameter tests conducted is how long processing time and accuracy in reaching a decision in drug delivery. From the test results can be concluded from the overall evaluation of the accuracy of medical personnel in answering a case study using the software DPAS-FPW compared with the manual method are respectively 241 and 181 the true answer. With the manually method within the range of 10-95 minutes, while with the help of DPAS-FPW lead time is only 4-9 minutes. In the implementation of the test results DPAS-FPW in pregnant women who have been prescribed the use DPAS-FPW can detect three pieces of drug administration is wrong in prescriptions given to pregnant women, the average processing time is done relatively quickly with just over 3:25 minutes. Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9045 Author: Qinghua, Shang, Zhanyong, Yin, Jinjia, Li and Chenggong, Ding Year of Conference: 2011 Title: The design of single loop adjuster based on the wireless network Conference Name: Proceedings of 2011 6th International Forum on Strategic Technology Volume: 2 Pages: 953-956 Date: 22-24 Aug. 2011 Short Title: The design of single loop adjuster based on the wireless network DOI: 10.1109/IFOST.2011.6021178 Keywords: hardware-software codesign microprocessor chips centralized control digital adjuster hardware-and-software design industrial control microprocessor remote supervisory computer single loop adjuster single loop adjustment wireless mode wireless network Antennas Computers Robots hardware remote control software Abstract: Single loop adjuster which is realized as a digital adjuster with the function of single loop adjustment by microprocessor, has a vital role in industrial control. This paper puts forward a method of using wireless mode, which sets the injunction to single loop adjuster on remote supervisory computer for centralized control, and has a deep research on hardware and software design of specific system. Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9109 Author: Yaling, Wang, Zhijie, Luo, Guangdong, Qiu and Guofu, Zhou Year of Conference: 2015 Title: Design of Smart Watch system based on E-paper Conference Name: 10th IEEE International Conference on Nano/Micro Engineered and Molecular Systems Pages: 327-330 Date: 7-11 April 2015 Short Title: Design of Smart Watch system based on E-paper DOI: 10.1109/NEMS.2015.7147437 Keywords: Bluetooth electronic paper hardware-software codesign mobile computing watches wearable computers Bluetooth 4.0 module E-paper IIC interface acceleration sensor human health microprocessor pedometer function smart watch system wearable devices Acceleration Hardware Real-time systems Smart phones Software design Abstract: Smart Smart Watch is one of wearable devices which have become the current hot spot now. This paper simply introduces the development and application of the Smart Watch, the principles and characteristics of E-paper technology, and then proposes a design plan of the Smart Watch based on E-paper technology and shows the hardware and software design of the system. The microprocessor of the system communicates with Bluetooth 4.0 module through serial interface and display port information timely, receives information from the Acceleration Sensor through IIC interface and transmits the processed information to E-paper display to achieve pedometer function that will play a very important role in human health and life. Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 8813 Author: Prasetyo, N. A. and Bandung, Y. Year of Conference: 2015 Title: A design of software requirement engineering framework based on knowledge management and Service-Oriented Architecture Decision (SOAD) modeling framework Conference Name: 2015 International Conference on Information Technology Systems and Innovation (ICITSI) Pages: 1-6 Date: 16-19 Nov. 2015 Short Title: A design of software requirement engineering framework based on knowledge management and Service-Oriented Architecture Decision (SOAD) modeling framework DOI: 10.1109/ICITSI.2015.7437708 Keywords: decision making knowledge management service-oriented architecture SOAD modeling framework architectural design decision making knowledge processing knowledge-dissapear problem service-oriented architecture decision modeling framework software design phase software requirement engineering framework design sofware development methods Knowledge engineering Organizations Requirements engineering Stakeholders knowledge management in requirement engineering Abstract: Sofware development methods can be varied. One of them is in-house software development method. Here, programmer's knowledge takes the important role in successful development processes, especially in requirement engineering stage. In this stage, requirement is neeeded to be identified, analyzed, specified, and validated to ensure that developed software meets stakeholder needs. Organizations need to make effort in managing programmer's knowledge about requirement engineering, so they will not need to deal with knowledge-dissapear problem. Many researches in knowledge management area propose solutions to deal with this problem. Inspired by concept of knowledge processing, SOAD modeling framework is proposed to help software architect in making decision in software design phase. It gives detail description about how knowledge can be processed and utilized to support software architect in making architectural design decision. However, SOAD is proposed for software design stage, instead of requirement engineering stage. This difference position brings consequences that we need to tailor the framework so we can utilize it in requirement engineering stage. In this paper, we propose a design of framework for requirement engineering by adopting the concept of knowledge management and also tailoring The Service-Oriented Architecture Decision (SOAD) modeling framework. Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8763 Author: Kim, S. J., Suh, N. P. and Kim, S. G. Year: 1991 Title: Design of Software System Based on Axiomatic Design Journal: CIRP Annals Volume: 40 Issue: 1 Pages: 165-170 Date: // Short Title: Design of Software System Based on Axiomatic Design ISSN: 0007-8506 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0007-8506(07)61959-3 Keywords: Software Design Axioms Abstract: The ability to utilize the fully automated flexible manufacturing systems (FMS) or develop a reliable computer-integrated manufacturing (CIM) system will depend on our ability to develop reliable and reusable softwares for large complex systems on a timely basis. To date, software design has not gone beyond the ad hoc trail-and-error stage. Consequently, the development of software is slow, expensive, unreliable, and unmanageable. The purpose of this paper is to provide a scientific basis for designing software. The approach used here is the axiomatic design, which is based on two design axioms: the Independence Axiom and the Information Axiom. The axiomatic approach is based on the recognition of the following common elements in design: the existence of independent domains (i.e., the consumer domain. the functional domain, the physical domain, and the process domain); the need to map between various domains during the design process: the decomposition of the characteristic vectors (i.e., functional requirements, design parameters, and process variables) in their respective domains: the zigzagging required between the domains for decomposition; and the need to satisfy the design axioms during the design process. The axiomatic approach discussed in this paper provides decision making tools for software design in addition to systematic means of knowledge and data representation, synthesis and analysis of software, and the construction of the module-junction structure diagram. Notes: framework, not behavior URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0007850607619593 Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8764 Author: Kim, Sun-Jae, Suh, Nam P. and Kim, Sang-Gook Year: 1991 Title: Design of software systems based on axiomatic design Journal: Robotics and Computer-Integrated Manufacturing Volume: 8 Issue: 4 Pages: 243-255 Date: // Short Title: Design of software systems based on axiomatic design ISSN: 0736-5845 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0736-5845(91)90036-R Abstract: The ability to utilize fully automated flexible manufacturing systems (FMS) or develop reliable computer-integrated manufacturing (CIM) systems will depend on our ability to develop reliable and reusable software for large complex systems on a timely basis. To date, software design has not gone very far beyond the ad hoc trial-and-error stage. Consequently, the development of software is slow, expensive, unreliable, and unmanageable. The purpose of this paper is to provide a scientific basis for designing software. The approach used here is that of axiomatic design, which is based on two design axioms: the Independence Axiom and the Information Axiom. The axiomatic approach is based on the recognition of the following common elements in design: the existence of independent domains (i.e. the consumer domain, the functional domain, the physical domain, and the process domain); the need to map between various domains during the design process; the decomposition of the characteristic vectors (i.e. functional requirements, design parameters, and process variables) in their respective domains; the zig-zagging required between the domains for decomposition; and the need to satisfy the design axioms during the design process. The axiomatic approach discussed in this paper provides decision making tools for software design in addition to systematic means of knowledge and data representation, synthesis and analysis of software, and the construction of the module-junction structure diagram. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/073658459190036R Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9408 Author: Berendsen, F. F., Marstal, K., Klein, S. and Staring, M. Year of Conference: 2016 Title: The Design of SuperElastix — A Unifying Framework for a Wide Range of Image Registration Methodologies Conference Name: 2016 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition Workshops (CVPRW) Pages: 498-506 Date: June 26 2016-July 1 2016 Short Title: The Design of SuperElastix — A Unifying Framework for a Wide Range of Image Registration Methodologies DOI: 10.1109/CVPRW.2016.69 Keywords: C++ language image registration software engineering user interfaces C++ SUPERelastix algorithmic network functional registration components generic component handshake mechanism high-level user interface mathematical registration role-based software design Algorithm design and analysis Measurement Optimization Software Software algorithms Splines (mathematics) Transforms Abstract: A large diversity of image registration methodologies has emerged from the research community. The scattering of methods over toolboxes impedes rigorous comparison to select the appropriate method for a given application. Toolboxes typically tailor their implementations to a mathematical registration paradigm, which makes internal functionality nonexchangeable. Subsequently, this forms a barrier for adoption of registration technology in the clinic. We therefore propose a unifying, role-based software design that can integrate a broad range of functional registration components. These components can be configured into an algorithmic network via a single highlevel user interface. A generic component handshake mechanism provides users feedback on incompatibilities. We demonstrate the viability of our design by incorporating two paradigms from different code bases. The implementation is done in C++ and is available as open source. The progress of embedding more paradigms can be followed via https://github.com/kaspermarstal/SuperElastix. Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9560 Author: Merritt, J. C. and Monroe, F. E. Year of Conference: 1988 Title: Design of table-driven ATE models in a simulation environment Conference Name: 1988. IMTC-88. 5th IEEE Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference Pages: 27-31 Date: 20-22 Apr 1988 Short Title: Design of table-driven ATE models in a simulation environment DOI: 10.1109/IMTC.1988.10813 Keywords: automatic test equipment digital simulation electronic equipment testing modules programming environments weapons IEEE-488 instrument-simulation models TPS integration US Air Force weapons systems command-level programmability dedicated automatic test equipment electronics modules simulation environment table-driven ATE models test program set top-down software design Application software Instruments Software debugging Software design Software testing Software tools System testing Abstract: A set of generic IEEE-488 instrument-simulation models is described. The evolution of the design from earlier, less flexible, dedicated automatic test equipment (ATE) models is traced, along with the driving interface requirements and application environment. The higher-level application environment, in support of test program set (TPS) development for electronics modules used in US Air Force weapons systems, is also explained. The ATE models play a key role as part of a functional-unit-under-test (UUT) simulation tool, used during TPS integration to assist in software debug/test and modification. The top-down software design of a typical instrument model is presented, with emphasis on the functional and reusable nature of the model template. Equipment characteristic tables isolate interface and command-level programmability features from executable code. Potential applications for the ATE simulation approach are summarized, and benefits of using the approach are related with respect to increased capabilities, faster integration time, and ease of model control Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 8797 Author: Xue, X., Cheng, X., Xu, B., Zheng, Y. and Wang, P. Year of Conference: 2016 Title: Design of Testing & Identification System of Electronic Recycling Equipment for Certain Missile Based on Support Vector Machine Conference Name: 2016 9th International Symposium on Computational Intelligence and Design (ISCID) Volume: 1 Pages: 307-310 Date: 10-11 Dec. 2016 Short Title: Design of Testing & Identification System of Electronic Recycling Equipment for Certain Missile Based on Support Vector Machine DOI: 10.1109/ISCID.2016.1077 Keywords: expert systems fault diagnosis inference mechanisms maintenance engineering military computing military equipment missiles recycling support vector machines SVM electronic recycling equipment expert system inference machine fault diagnosis expert system general technical plan hardware design host computer maintainability appraisal system maintenance cost missile module unit reusable resources slave computer testing system software design support vector machine systematic analysis Computational intelligence Decision support systems Handheld computers SVM Expert System Testing & Appraisal Abstract: Given the fact of unscientific treatment of electronic recycling equipment in a type of missile and mass waste of reusable resources, and basing on in-depth study of the characteristics of faults with electronic recycling equipment in such missile, systematic analysis is made regarding fundamental principles of maintainability appraisal of electronic recycling equipment in such missile, with general technical plan for maintainability appraisal system integrating testing by slave computer, fault locating with host computer and calculation of maintenance cost proposed, and innovative method for locating the fault in module unit or key component by embedding support vector machine(SVM) into expert system inference machine, and fault diagnosis expert system is contrived based on SVM, together with scheme of hardware and software design offered for slave computer testing system, intending to guide and for reference in the development of maintainability appraisal system for electronic recycling equipment in other types of missiles. Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 8810 Author: Li, W., Xu, G., Tong, H. and Xu, Y. Year of Conference: 2007 Title: Design of Vehicle Control Unit Based on DSP for a Parallel HEV Conference Name: 2007 IEEE International Conference on Automation and Logistics Pages: 1597-1601 Date: 18-21 Aug. 2007 Short Title: Design of Vehicle Control Unit Based on DSP for a Parallel HEV ISBN: 2161-8151 DOI: 10.1109/ICAL.2007.4338827 Keywords: control system synthesis digital control digital signal processing chips hybrid electric vehicles optimisation complex optimization algorithms digital signal processor energy management strategy hardware design hybrid electric vehicle parallel HEV software design vehicle control unit design Automatic control Control systems Digital signal processing Digital signal processors Energy management Hardware Real time systems Signal processing algorithms DSP TMS320F2812 automatic code generation Abstract: This paper presents a DSP based vehicle control unit (VCU) for hybrid electric vehicle (HEV). Digital signal processor (DSP) based real time controller plays a key role in HEV system operation. It provides an efficient platform to run complex optimization algorithms for energy management strategy. First, the hardware design of VCU is introduced in detail. Then software design of VCU and C code automatic generation technical based on RTW are discussed. A flexible and configurable method is described to automatically deploy the Simulink-model into the VCU. Experimental results have demonstrated the reliability of hardware design and flexibility of software design of the proposed VCU. Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9056 Author: Zhu, Yao-lin, Zhang, Gao-qiang, Zhu, Lei and Xu, Jin Year of Conference: 2011 Title: Design of wireless multi-point temperature transmission system based on nRF24L01 Conference Name: 2011 International Conference on Business Management and Electronic Information Volume: 3 Pages: 780-783 Date: 13-15 May 2011 Short Title: Design of wireless multi-point temperature transmission system based on nRF24L01 DOI: 10.1109/ICBMEI.2011.5920375 Keywords: microcontrollers microprocessor chips radio transceivers radiofrequency integrated circuits temperature sensors C8051F340 microcontroller DS18B20 RF chip nRF24L01 bandwidth 2.4 GHz complex wiring data reliability data security digital temperature sensor hardware design industrial production software design wireless multipoint temperature transmission wireless transceiver Registers Temperature distribution Timing Wireless communication Wireless sensor networks C8051F340 nRF24L01 temperature transmission Abstract: Temperature transmission technology plays an important role in the industrial production, but the security and reliability of data can not be guaranteed because of its difficult and complex wiring. As for these problems, this paper puts forward a wireless multi-point temperature transmission system with RF chip nRF24L01 for 2.4GHz band and high-precision 1-Wire bus digital temperature sensor DS18B20, and the system's hardware and software design is also discussed in this paper. The system can realize a real-time temperature transmission with C8051F340 microcontroller and the wireless transceiver nRF24L01. At the same time, the wireless transmission system can be achieved with low complexity and low cost. The test results show that the system has high accuracy and wide temperature range, which can reliably realize wireless data transmission. Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 8956 Author: Korkua, S. K. and Thinsurat, K. Year of Conference: 2013 Title: Design of ZigBee based WSN for smart demand responsive home energy management system Conference Name: 2013 13th International Symposium on Communications and Information Technologies (ISCIT) Pages: 549-554 Date: 4-6 Sept. 2013 Short Title: Design of ZigBee based WSN for smart demand responsive home energy management system DOI: 10.1109/ISCIT.2013.6645919 Keywords: Zigbee energy conservation energy management systems home automation protocols smart power grids system-on-chip wireless sensor networks CC2430 system on chip TOU pricing Thailand ZigBee based WSN ZigBee-IEEE 802.15.4 based wireless communication base station communication protocol energy saving smart demand responsive home energy management system smart grid time-of-use pricing wireless home energy management application wireless sensor network Electricity Energy management Home appliances Monitoring Demand Responsive Management Energy Efficiency Residential Sector Abstract: In order to enable the demand responsive program which is in the extension of the smart grid, a smart and wireless home energy management application plays a key important role. Therefore, in this paper, first the smart demand responsive energy management system under ZigBee/IEEE 802.15.4 based wireless communication is proposed. As the focus of this paper, the hardware design and implementation of a multiple nodes ZigBee based wireless sensor network are discussed. The communication protocol and software design for both wireless sensor network node and base station based on the CC2430 system on chip are also presented in detail. The analysis of demand response potential in term of time-of-use (TOU) pricing without enabling technology program in Thailand scenario is also investigated. Finally, by using the proposed load characterization and load prioritization under the concept of smart home energy management system, the bill savings benefits of demand responsive program can be proved while the target of energy saving is also achieved. Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8137 Author: Riehle, Dirk Year: 2009 Title: Design pattern density defined Journal: SIGPLAN Not. Volume: 44 Issue: 10 Pages: 469-480 Short Title: Design pattern density defined ISSN: 0362-1340 DOI: 10.1145/1639949.1640125 Legal Note: 1640125 Abstract: Design pattern density is a metric that measures how much of an object-oriented design can be understood and represented as instances of design patterns. Expert developers have long believed that a high design pattern density implies a high maturity of the design under inspection. This paper presents a quantifiable and observable definition of this metric. The metric is illustrated and qualitatively validated using four real-world case studies. We present several hypotheses of the metric’s meaning and their implications, including the one about design maturity. We propose that the design pattern density of a maturing framework has a fixed point and we show that if software design patterns make learning frameworks easier, a framework’s design pattern density is a measure of how much easier it will become. Notes: more about understanding design Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 8138 Author: Riehle, Dirk Year: 2009 Title: Design pattern density defined Conference Name: Proceedings of the 24th ACM SIGPLAN conference on Object oriented programming systems languages and applications Conference Location: Orlando, Florida, USA Publisher: ACM Pages: 469-480 DOI: 10.1145/1640089.1640125 Place Published: 1640125 Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8446 Author: Bafandeh Mayvan, Bahareh and Rasoolzadegan, Abbas Year: 2017 Title: Design pattern detection based on the graph theory Journal: Knowledge-Based Systems Volume: 120 Pages: 211-225 Date: 3/15/ Short Title: Design pattern detection based on the graph theory ISSN: 0950-7051 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.knosys.2017.01.007 Keywords: Design pattern detection Pattern signature Graph theory Semantic graph Abstract: Design patterns are strategies for solving commonly occurring problems within a given context in software design. In the process of re-engineering, detection of design pattern instances from source codes can play a major role in understanding large and complex software systems. However, detecting design pattern instances is not always a straightforward task. In this paper, based on the graph theory, a new design pattern detection method is presented. The proposed detection process is subdivided into two sequential phases. In the first phase, we concern both the semantics and the syntax of the structural signature of patterns. To do so, the system under study and the patterns asked to be detected, are transformed into semantic graphs. Now, the initial problem is converted into the problem of finding matches in the system graph for the pattern graph. To reduce the exploration space, based on a predetermined set of criteria, the system graph is broken into the possible subsystem graphs. After applying a semantic matching algorithm and obtaining the candidate instances, by analyzing the behavioral signature of the patterns, in the second phase, final matches will be obtained. The performance of the suggested technique is evaluated on three open source systems regarding precision and recall metrics. The results demonstrate the high efficiency and accuracy of the proposed method. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0950705117300084 Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9186 Author: Shakya, B. and Nantajeewarawat, E. Year of Conference: 2013 Title: A design pattern knowledge base and its application to sequence diagram design Conference Name: 2013 International Computer Science and Engineering Conference (ICSEC) Pages: 179-184 Date: 4-6 Sept. 2013 Short Title: A design pattern knowledge base and its application to sequence diagram design DOI: 10.1109/ICSEC.2013.6694775 Keywords: Java Unified Modeling Language knowledge representation languages object-oriented methods ontologies (artificial intelligence) software engineering Java expert system shell OWL UML sequence diagram Unified Modelling Language design pattern knowledge base object interaction ontology Web language operation contract sequence diagram design software design Concrete Context Contracts Indexes Knowledge based systems Production facilities Design pattern object interaction design ontology rule-based system sequence diagram Abstract: A design pattern describes a problem that commonly occurs in software design and provides the core of a tested and proven solution to that problem. It suggests an appropriate object responsibility assignment and provides guidelines on how to make changes in the state of objects in terms of object interaction. This research presents a framework for constructing a design pattern knowledge base. The structures of design patterns are represented using Ontology Web Language (OWL) and the design solutions suggested by design patterns are represented as rules in Java Expert System Shell. We demonstrate how the obtained knowledge base is employed to construct a UML sequence diagram from requirements specified in the form of an operation contract. Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 8012 Author: Hasso, Sargon and Carlson, Carl Year: 2013 Title: Design patterns as first-class connectors Conference Name: Proceedings of the 2nd annual conference on Research in information technology Conference Location: Orlando, Florida, USA Publisher: ACM Pages: 37-42 DOI: 10.1145/2512209.2512219 Place Published: 2512219 Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9602 Author: Froyd, J., Layne, J., Fowler, D. and Simpson, N. Year of Conference: 2007 Title: Design patterns for faculty development Conference Name: 2007 37th Annual Frontiers In Education Conference - Global Engineering: Knowledge Without Borders, Opportunities Without Passports Pages: T1J-1-T1J-5 Date: 10-13 Oct. 2007 Short Title: Design patterns for faculty development ISBN: 0190-5848 DOI: 10.1109/FIE.2007.4418037 Keywords: continuing professional development STEM faculty members appreciative inquiry decoding design patterns diffusion faculty development Computer architecture Context modeling Education Educational programs Feedback Pattern recognition Portfolios Proposals Software design Abstract: Faculty development opportunities related to learning and teaching have common characteristics - every case is not new. Other disciplines, such as architecture and software design, have recognized commonalities within their fields and responded with use of "design patterns." In this paper, the authors identify three useful design patterns that have emerged in research on successful faculty development activities as models for thinking and communicating about contexts, challenges and responses in faculty development practice and outcomes. Three design patterns that have evolved in faculty development are diffusion, appreciative inquiry, and decoding the disciplines. Identification, delineation, and utilization of design patterns in faculty development have several potential benefits to STEM faculty members. First, the process promotes a paradigm shift from thinking of faculty development challenges as isolated occurrences to one that uses commonality to ease development of new activities and build on previous contributions. Second, it motivates greater application of the learning literature to faculty development by emphasizing analysis and feedback on what is going well and what can be learned from success before addressing change. Finally, it provides a way for faculty developers to think about challenges in their profession using processes familiar to them within their areas of disciplinary expertise. Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 8061 Author: Zamora, Paula Gomez and Do, Ellen Yi-Luen Year of Conference: 2009 Title: Design patterns in creative design processes Conference Name: Proceedings of the seventh ACM conference on Creativity and cognition Conference Location: Berkeley, California, USA Publisher: ACM Pages: 373-374 Short Title: Design patterns in creative design processes DOI: 10.1145/1640233.1640307 Place Published: 1640307 Abstract: The paper presents the analysis of nine architects design processes with different design experience and expertise levels. The main goal is to visualize and analyze patterns between their design processes, design phases, design iterations, and software used to support creative process in every design phase. This study focused on four major components for analysis: lengths of design processes, naming of design phases, flows of design directions, and the number and types of software used in each phase. The future goal is to investigate whether specific software capabilities would increase or hinder creative behavior patterns during the design process. Notes: mostly students... 'File' Atttachments: internal-pdf://3415529326/Design patterns in creative design processes.pdf Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 8232 Author: Mel, #211, Cinn, #233, ide and Fagan, Paddy Year: 2006 Title: Design patterns: the devils in the detail Conference Name: Proceedings of the 2006 conference on Pattern languages of programs Conference Location: Portland, Oregon, USA Publisher: ACM Pages: 1-9 DOI: 10.1145/1415472.1415511 Place Published: 1415511 Abstract: The application of a design pattern in an industrial context is frequently a much more involved task than is described the pattern description itself. In this experience paper we report on a number of problems encountered in the application of several common patterns in commercial software systems. The problems we examine range in nature from details of the runtime environment that hamper pattern implementation (Singleton), to the software upgrade process breaking a pattern’s promise (Abstract Factory), to the consequences of the tight source code coupling produced by pattern application (Facade). Our conclusion is that while design patterns are indeed useful in industrial software development, there are more potential pitfalls in this area than is generally realised. In applying a design pattern, more must be taken into account than just the design context into which the pattern fits; issues to do with the low-level runtime environment as well as the higher-level software architecture, software process and social environment also play a role. 1. Notes: focus on patterns, not decision and behavior Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8550 Author: Ball, Linden J., Onarheim, Balder and Christensen, Bo T. Year: 2010 Title: Design requirements, epistemic uncertainty and solution development strategies in software design Journal: Design Studies Volume: 31 Issue: 6 Pages: 567-589 Date: 11// Short Title: Design requirements, epistemic uncertainty and solution development strategies in software design ISSN: 0142-694X DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.destud.2010.09.003 Keywords: software design design strategy uncertainty mental simulation design requirements Abstract: This paper investigates the potential involvement of “epistemic uncertainty” in mediating between complex design requirements and strategic switches in software design strategies. The analysis revealed that the designers produced an initial “first-pass” solution to the given design brief in a breadth-first manner, with this solution addressing several easy-to-handle requirements. The designers then focused on adding relatively complex-to-handle requirements to this initial solution in what appeared to be a depth-first manner, as reflected, for example, by detailed mental simulations that spanned many transcript segments. Furthermore, such depth-first development of complex requirements was linked to increases in epistemic uncertainty, a finding that supports the predicted role of uncertainty in mediating between complex requirements and depth-first design. Overall these findings support a view of software design as involving a mixed breadth-first and depth-first solution development approach, with strategic switching to depth-first design being triggered by requirement complexity and being mediated by associated feelings of uncertainty. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0142694X10000657 'File' Attachments: internal-pdf://3088841241/Design requirements, epistemic uncertainty and.pdf Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 8023 Author: Peckham, Joan Year: 2007 Title: Design techniques for the support of interdisciplinary research Conference Name: Proceedings of the 2007 Symposium on Science of Design Conference Location: Arcata, California, USA Publisher: ACM Pages: 7-8 DOI: 10.1145/1496630.1496635 Place Published: 1496635 Reference Type: Book Section Record Number: 7501 Author: Piirainen, Kalle A. and Briggs, Robert O. Year: 2011 Title: Design Theory in Practice – Making Design Science Research More Transparent Editor: Jain, Hemant, Sinha, Atish P. and Vitharana, Padmal Book Title: Service-Oriented Perspectives in Design Science Research: 6th International Conference, DESRIST 2011, Milwaukee, WI, USA, May 5-6, 2011. Proceedings Place Published: Berlin, Heidelberg Publisher: Springer Berlin Heidelberg Pages: 47-61 Short Title: Design Theory in Practice – Making Design Science Research More Transparent ISBN: 978-3-642-20633-7 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-20633-7_4 Label: Piirainen2011 Abstract: Design Science Research seeks to develop new generalizable knowledge about design processes, design products, and designed artifacts while solving organizational problems with new work practices based on information technology. However, the ability of Design Science Research to generate knowledge has been challenged by some scholars, due weak connection of the designed artifact to the knowledge base. Design Theories offer a promising approach to codify and generalize some aspects of the knowledge created, in particular that pertaining to design processes and products for a given class of information technology-based solutions. We present a case example to support our argument that Design Theory can be integrated into the context of Design Science Research to make the connection between the design and the knowledge base more transparent, rendering it easier to defend the rigor and generalizablity of the knowledge Design Science Research yields. URL: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-20633-7_4 Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8505 Author: Muñoz, A. H., Chiang, L. E. and De la Jara, E. A. Year: 2014 Title: A design tool and fabrication guidelines for small low cost horizontal axis hydrokinetic turbines Journal: Energy for Sustainable Development Volume: 22 Pages: 21-33 Date: 10// Short Title: A design tool and fabrication guidelines for small low cost horizontal axis hydrokinetic turbines ISSN: 0973-0826 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.esd.2014.05.003 Keywords: Turbine Turbem Off-grid Cost Abstract: Small scale and low cost hydrokinetic turbines can effectively contribute to solve energy deficits in developing countries, particularly in isolated communities, but some obstacles remain before they become a cost effective solution. This work reports on a methodology for designing and fabricating the main parts of small scale horizontal axis hydrokinetic turbines (HAHT) optimized for a specific site or operation conditions. A suitable software design tool, and low cost fabrication methods within reach and understanding of less developed communities are the basis of this methodology. A free and open source software package called Turbem developed by the authors allows a non-expert user to enter a minimum set of parameters and to obtain the complete optimal rotor geometry of the HAHT, with its estimated performance curves and maximum stresses. Turbem uses a combined approach of BEM theory and pseudo-gradient root finding for rotor optimal design, and classical solid mechanics for preliminary structural verification. The geometric information generated is sufficient for fabricating the rotor by a wide range of methods, ranging from hand carving up to CNC machining. In the latter case, Turbem generates CNC programs that are downloadable to any standard CNC machine, for direct fabrication of the blades and hub, or blade section templates as well. Hence, a technically sound rotor can be fabricated at a very low cost using wood as core and applying external layups of fiberglass with epoxy resin, as described herein. Using this methodology, small scale, cost effective HAHTs can be custom designed to take full advantage of specific site stream velocities and bathymetry. A 5 kW (nominal) hydrokinetic turbine was successfully designed, fabricated and field tested in order to validate and improve this methodology. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0973082614000453 Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 8168 Author: Ko, Andrew J. and Chilana, Parmit K. Year: 2011 Title: Design, discussion, and dissent in open bug reports Conference Name: Proceedings of the 2011 iConference Conference Location: Seattle, Washington, USA Publisher: ACM Pages: 106-113 DOI: 10.1145/1940761.1940776 Place Published: 1940776 Abstract: While studies have considered computer-mediated decision-making in several domains, few have considered the unique challenges posed in software design. To address this gap, a qualitative study of 100 contentious open source bug reports was performed. The results suggest that the immeasurability of many software qualities and conflicts between achieving original design intent and serving changing user needs led to a high reliance on anecdote, speculation, and generalization. The visual presentation of threaded discussions aggravated these problems making it difficult to view design proposals and comparative critiques. The results raise several new questions about the interaction between authority and evidence in online design discussions. Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 7968 Author: Zimmermann, Olaf Year: 2016 Title: Designed and delivered today, eroded tomorrow?: towards an open and lean architecting framework balancing agility and sustainability Conference Name: Proccedings of the 10th European Conference on Software Architecture Workshops Conference Location: Copenhagen, Denmark Publisher: ACM Pages: 1-1 DOI: 10.1145/2993412.3014339 Place Published: 3014339 Abstract: Architecting for cost-effectiveness, longevity and endurance has multiple, often conflicting dimensions. For instance, agile practices emphasize the need for speed in software design, development and delivery, but do not necessarily prioritize mid- to long-term qualities such as extensibility and knowledge preservation. Risk- and cost-driven architecture design methods, pragmatic modeling, and technical debt management can help practicing architects to focus their efforts, but have to be tailored to be effective (e.g., according to project context, organizational constraints, and cultural factors). Architectural styles such as service-oriented architectures and its currently trending microservices incarnation promise to improve flexibility and maintainability through their principles and patterns, but still have to prove their cost-benefit efficiency in the long run (e.g., over the multi-decade lifetime of business information systems). This keynote presentation distills a set of open, lean and sustainable architecture practices and techniques from industrial experiences and existing work in the software architecture literature, and reports on the progress towards blending these practices and techniques into a comprehensive, yet comprehensible architecture framework. The featured assets include quality stories [1], C4 architecture modeling [2], decision sharing with Y-statements [3], architecturally evident coding styles [4], architectural refactoring [1], (micro-)services principles and patterns [5], and architecture roadmapping [6]. Examples drawn from actual case studies in multiple business sectors and industries demonstrate the applicability of these practices and techniques. The presentation concludes with a discussion of the changes to the role of the software architect in the digital age [7]. These ongoing changes drive the identification of research problems and challenges for the practical adoption and lasting impact of the practices and techniques in the framework (and other contributions to the body of knowledge on sustainable architectures). Notes: keynote, not research Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9147 Author: Taylor, P. Year of Conference: 2000 Title: Designerly thinking: what software methodology can learn from design theory Conference Name: Proceedings International Conference on Software Methods and Tools. SMT 2000 Pages: 107-116 Date: 2000 Short Title: Designerly thinking: what software methodology can learn from design theory DOI: 10.1109/SWMT.2000.890426 Keywords: design engineering history social aspects of automation software engineering academic design architecture design act design expertise design languages design science design theory designerly thinking engineering process holistic views industrial design modern software product development non-software domains social context software creation software methodology Computer architecture Computer science Construction industry Design methodology Process design Software design Software quality Abstract: Design lies at the core of software creation and construction. Software methodology has traditionally conceptualised design as an engineering process, and attempted to express the design act as process steps and model transformations. The paper examines design from the rather different perspective of the non-software domains: architecture, industrial design and the academic design disciplines that have spawned `design science'. This community dealt with design methods in the 1960s and 70s, and has subsequently moved on to more relative and holistic views of design that integrate artefact and context closely. Three themes dominate the comparative exclusion into this territory: the inappropriateness of process to prescribe the act of synthesis, the need to consider the product's wider context including its history and social context, and the need to legitimise and manage internal ways of transferring designs, design expertise and design languages. A case is made for a broader based notion of software design, a kind of `designerly thinking' to help balance the intense demands on modern software product development, quality, and use Notes: not about software development Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 8285 Author: Billings, Jay J., Elwasif, Wael R., Hively, Lee M., Bernholdt, David E., John M. Hetrick, III and Bohn, Tim Year: 2009 Title: Designing a component-based architecture for the modeling and simulation of nuclear fuels and reactors Conference Name: Proceedings of the 2009 Workshop on Component-Based High Performance Computing Conference Location: Portland, Oregon Publisher: ACM Pages: 1-4 DOI: 10.1145/1687774.1687780 Place Published: 1687780 Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8570 Author: Dragoni, E., Goglio, L. and Kleiner, F. Year: 2010 Title: Designing bonded joints by means of the JointCalc software Journal: International Journal of Adhesion and Adhesives Volume: 30 Issue: 5 Pages: 267-280 Date: 7// Short Title: Designing bonded joints by means of the JointCalc software ISSN: 0143-7496 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijadhadh.2009.11.002 Keywords: Epoxy Stress analysis Joint design Software Abstract: This paper describes the theoretical framework, the experimental background and the software implementation of the computer package JointCalc for the strength analysis and design of adhesively bonded joints. Developed by Henkel AG in collaboration with three Italian Universities, JointCalc was designed to be accessible to non-experts, intuitive for occasional users and also general enough to include most of the joint configurations encountered in practice. For the calculation of adhesive stresses, JointCalc implements the analytical elastic solutions available in the literature for the fundamental joint geometries (single and double-lap joints, single and double-strap joints, peel joints and cylindrical joints). A key aspect of JointCalc is the experimental failure criterion adopted, represented by an admissible region in the peel-shear stress plane. The implementation required the creation of an experimental database, specifically built for the set of 14 adhesives (mostly epoxies) considered. A distinguished asset of JointCalc is its intuitive graphical interface that enables the user to choose the desired joint configuration, input the data and examine the results in a straightforward way. Since its appearance in 2003, JointCalc has been applied to the design of bonded assemblies covering a wide spectrum of industrial applications. Three of those applications (a seat back mounting, a shear punch solenoid and a screening device) are presented at the end of the paper as case studies. The disclosed data show that, provided that thoughtful engineering judgement is applied to idealize the real joints, JointCalc strength predictions closely match the experimental findings. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0143749610000254 Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8705 Author: Norcio, A. F. and Chmura, L. J. Year: 1988 Title: Designing complex software Journal: Journal of Systems and Software Volume: 8 Issue: 3 Pages: 165-184 Date: 6// Short Title: Designing complex software ISSN: 0164-1212 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0164-1212(88)90020-9 Abstract: Since 1978, the goal of the Software Cost Reduction (SCR) project has been to demonstrate the effectiveness of certain software engineering techniques for developing complex software. The application is the redevelopment of the operational flight program for the A-7E aircraft. Also since then, the Software Technology Evaluation (STE) project has been monitoring SCR project activity in order to provide an objective evaluation of the SCR methodology. SCR project activity data are collected from SCR personnel on a weekly basis. Over 55000 hours of SCR design, code, test and other activity data have been captured and recorded in a computer data base. Analyses of SCR module design data show that there are parameters that can be used to characterize and predict design progress. One example is the ratio between cumulative design discussing activities and cumulative design creating activities. This ratio is referred to as the Progress Indicator Ratio (PIR) and seems to be an accurate metric for design completeness. This and other results suggest that discussion activity among software engineers may play a major role in the software design process and may be a leading indicator of design activity progress. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0164121288900209 Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8407 Author: Hunter, Beverly Year: 1989 Title: Designing educational software for the information age: Dilemmas and paradoxes Journal: Education and Computing Volume: 5 Issue: 1–2 Pages: 111-117 Date: // Short Title: Designing educational software for the information age: Dilemmas and paradoxes ISSN: 0167-9287 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0167-9287(89)80019-6 Keywords: Educational software Economic and organizational design constraints Learning environments Interaction Learning processes Teachers' rôle Knowledge representation Collaborative learning Evaluation methods Curriculum reform Cognitive processes Technological capabilities Abstract: Design considerations of the developer of educational software are predominantly concerned with economic and organizational arrangements for disseminating educational materials to schools. As a consequence, design considerations concerning educational needs, pedagogical research or technological opportunities have relatively little impact on software design. This paper identifies considerations concerning:u- interaction among learners, teachers, software and learning environments; - learning processes; - teachers' rôles; - effects of knowledge representation on learning and understanding; - collaborative learning; - evaluation methods; - curriculum reform; - research on cognitive processes; - technological capabilities. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167928789800196 Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9295 Author: Tayebi, S. Rohollah Moosavi, Ostadzadeh, S. Shervin and Mazaheri, S. Year of Conference: 2010 Title: Designing enterprise operating system with PRINCE2 framework Conference Name: 2010 International Conference on Computer and Communication Technologies in Agriculture Engineering Volume: 3 Pages: 479-482 Date: 12-13 June 2010 Short Title: Designing enterprise operating system with PRINCE2 framework ISBN: 2161-1092 DOI: 10.1109/CCTAE.2010.5544345 Keywords: information systems operating systems (computers) organisational aspects project management software development management IT projects management PRINCE2 framework enterprise architecture enterprise operating system design information driven organization Estimation Enterprise Operating System (EOS) Modeling PRINCE2 Software architecture software project management Abstract: Substantially, the operating system (OS) is most important entity in the typical information-driven organization. Sometimes, some organizations want to design and develop it themselves. Reason of this, may be has some parameters like security, controllable, manageable and etc. An OS cannot be an island unto itself; it must work with the rest of the enterprise. On the other word, enterprise wide applications require an Enterprise Operating System (EOS). Enterprise Architecture (EA) has proven to be the best option for development and maintenance of enterprise operating systems. In this respect, EOS Framework has been widely accepted as a standard scheme for identifying and organizing descriptive representations that have prominent roles in enterprise-wide OS development. Moreover, there is a remarkable need for IT projects management. In this respect, PRINCE2 has been best option for software project management. So, in this paper, we intend to use PRINCE2 to manage stages of enterprise operating systems base on EOS Framework. The suggested model helps developers to design operating systems more effective and efficient. Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 8075 Author: Montresor, Alberto Year: 2012 Title: Designing extreme distributed systems: challenges and opportunities Conference Name: Proceedings of the 8th international ACM SIGSOFT conference on Quality of Software Architectures Conference Location: Bertinoro, Italy Publisher: ACM Pages: 1-2 DOI: 10.1145/2304696.2304698 Place Published: 2304698 Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9427 Author: Ananny, M. and Winters, N. Year of Conference: 2007 Title: Designing for development: Understanding One Laptop Per Child in its historical context Conference Name: 2007 International Conference on Information and Communication Technologies and Development Pages: 1-12 Date: 15-16 Dec. 2007 Short Title: Designing for development: Understanding One Laptop Per Child in its historical context DOI: 10.1109/ICTD.2007.4937397 Keywords: public domain software software development management systems analysis Pool-Schiller questions one laptop per child software design textual analysis Broadcasting Computer science education Computer vision Context Educational technology Guidelines History Information analysis Materials science and technology Portable computers Abstract: We argue that the One Laptop Per Child (OLPC) can be better understood by examining the general history of development communication and, specifically, through a historical debate between communication scholars Ithiel de Sola Pool and Herbert Schiller. Although originally conducted around broadcast media, the Pool-Schiller conversation identifies questions still relevant to contemporary information and communication for development (ICT4D) projects like the OLPC. Our analysis of their debate identifies five key questions we can apply to the OLPC or any given ICTD4D project: where does change happen? How does change happen? What obligations do designers and researchers have as change agents? What is the role of technology in change? What is the relationship between change, technology and international development? Equipped with this framework, we argue that one place to see OLPC's answers to these Pool-Schiller questions - and, thus, an understanding of OLPC development ideologies - can be found in a textual analysis of the OLPC software design guidelines. This preliminary analysis suggests that OLPC sees the child as the agent of change and the network as the mechanism of change. Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 8183 Author: Ellis, Jason B. and Bruckman, Amy S. Year: 2001 Title: Designing palaver tree online: supporting social roles in a community of oral history Conference Name: Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Conference Location: Seattle, Washington, USA Publisher: ACM Pages: 474-481 DOI: 10.1145/365024.365317 Place Published: 365317 Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8616 Author: de Souza, M. A. F. and Ferreira, M. A. G. V. Year: 2002 Title: Designing reusable rule-based architectures with design patterns Journal: Expert Systems with Applications Volume: 23 Issue: 4 Pages: 395-403 Date: 11// Short Title: Designing reusable rule-based architectures with design patterns ISSN: 0957-4174 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0957-4174(02)00075-1 Keywords: Rule-based systems Reuse in rule-based systems Design patterns Abstract: Rule-based systems or production systems still have great importance in the construction of knowledge systems. In these systems, the domain expertise to solve a problem is encoded in the form of ‘if–then’ rules, enabling a modular description of the knowledge, thus facilitating its maintenance and updating. Although they have been extensively described in the Artificial Intelligence literature, their design process is at times repeated because of the lack of common software architecture and the restrictions offered by some off-the-shelf libraries and systems. This paper proposes a reusable architecture for rule-based systems described through design patterns. The aim of these patterns is to constitute a design catalog that can be used by designers to understand and create new rule-based systems, thus promoting reuse in these systems. Additionally, the use of the described patterns in the design of an intelligent tutoring system architecture is exemplified. Notes: Pattern description URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0957417402000751 Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 8269 Author: Chilana, Parmit K., Ko, Andrew J. and Wobbrock, Jacob O. Year: 2009 Title: Designing software for unfamiliar domains Conference Name: Proceedings of the 2009 ICSE Workshop on Cooperative and Human Aspects on Software Engineering Publisher: IEEE Computer Society Pages: 22 DOI: 10.1109/chase.2009.5071405 Place Published: 1572208 Abstract: In recent years, software has become indispensable in complex domains such as science, engineering, biomedicine, and finance. Unfortunately, software developers and user researchers, who are usually experts in programming and Human-Computer Interaction (HCI) methods, respectively, often find that the insight needed to design for complex domains only comes with years of domain experience. How can everyone on a software design team acquire just enough knowledge to design effective software, especially user interfaces, without having to become domain experts? We are performing a series of studies to investigate this question, with the ultimate goal of designing tools to help software teams better capture, manage and explore domain knowledge. Notes: just summary, no actual studies 'File' Attachments: internal-pdf://0720343905/Designing software for unfamiliar domains.pdf Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9554 Author: Chilana, P. K., Ko, A. J. and Wobbrock, J. O. Year of Conference: 2009 Title: Designing software for unfamiliar domains Conference Name: 2009 ICSE Workshop on Cooperative and Human Aspects on Software Engineering Pages: 22-22 Date: 17-17 May 2009 Short Title: Designing software for unfamiliar domains DOI: 10.1109/CHASE.2009.5071405 Keywords: object-oriented programming user interfaces knowledge management software design unfamiliar domain user interface Bioinformatics Biomedical engineering Design engineering Finance Jacobian matrices Programming profession Software tools Usability Abstract: In recent years, software has become indispensable in complex domains such as science, engineering, biomedicine, and finance. Unfortunately, software developers and user researchers, who are usually experts in programming and human-computer interaction (HCI) methods, respectively, often find that the insight needed to design for complex domains only comes with years of domain experience. How can everyone on a software design team acquire just enough knowledge to design effective software, especially user interfaces, without having to become domain experts? We are performing a series of studies to investigate this question, with the ultimate goal of designing tools to help software teams better capture, manage and explore domain knowledge. Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8739 Author: Torresan, Silvia, Critto, Andrea, Rizzi, Jonathan, Zabeo, Alex, Furlan, Elisa and Marcomini, Antonio Year: 2016 Title: DESYCO: A decision support system for the regional risk assessment of climate change impacts in coastal zones Journal: Ocean & Coastal Management Volume: 120 Pages: 49-63 Date: 2// Short Title: DESYCO: A decision support system for the regional risk assessment of climate change impacts in coastal zones ISSN: 0964-5691 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2015.11.003 Keywords: Decision support systems (DSS) Risk assessment Climate change adaptation Multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) Geographic information systems (GIS) Abstract: Several decision support systems were developed in recent years to encourage climate adaptation planning in coastal areas, especially at a national to global scale. However, few prototypes are easy to use and accessible for decision-makers to evaluate and manage risks locally. DESYCO is a GIS based decision support system specifically designed to better understand the risks that climate change poses at the regional/subnational scale (e.g. the effect of sea level rise and coastal erosion on human assets and ecosystems) and set the context of strategic adaptation planning within Integrated Coastal Zone Management. It implements a Regional Risk Assessment (RRA) methodology allowing the spatial assessment of multiple climate change impacts in coastal areas and the ranking of key elements at risk (beaches, wetlands, protected areas, urban and agricultural areas). The core of the system is a Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA) model used to operationalize the steps of the RRA (hazard, exposure, susceptibility, risk and damage assessment) by integrating a blend of information from climate scenarios (global/regional climate projections and hydrodynamic/hydrological simulations) and from non-climate vulnerability factors (physical, environmental and socio-economic features of the analysed system). User-friendly interfaces simplify the interaction with the system, providing guidance for risk mapping, results communication and understanding. DESYCO was applied to low-lying coastal plains and islands (the North Adriatic Sea, the Gulf of Gabes and the Republic of Mauritius), river basins and groundwater systems (Upper Plain of Veneto and Friuli-Venezia Giulia, Marche Region). The paper presents the RRA methodology, the structure of DESYCO and its software architecture, showing the capabilities of the tool to support decision making and climate proofing in a wide range of situations (e.g. shoreline planning, land use and water resource management, flood risk reduction). URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0964569115300545 Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 7908 Author: Maur, #237, Aniche, cio, Aur, Marco, #233, Gerosa, lio and Treude, Christoph Year: 2016 Title: Developers' Perceptions on Object-Oriented Design and Architectural Roles Conference Name: Proceedings of the 30th Brazilian Symposium on Software Engineering Conference Location: Maringá, Brazil Publisher: ACM Pages: 63-72 DOI: 10.1145/2973839.2973846 Place Published: 2973846 Abstract: Software developers commonly rely on well-known software architecture patterns, such as MVC, to build their applications. In many of these patterns, classes play specific roles in the system, such as Controllers or Entities, which means that each of these classes has specific characteristics in terms of object-oriented class design and implementation. Indeed, as we have shown in a previous study, architectural roles are different from each other in terms of code metrics. In this paper, we present a study in a software development company in which we captured developers' perceptions on object-oriented design aspects of the architectural roles in their system and whether these perceptions match the source code metric analysis. We found that their developers do not have a common perception of how their architectural roles behave in terms of object-oriented design aspects, and that their perceptions also do not match the results of the source code metric analysis. This phenomenon also does not seem to be related to developers' experience. We find these results alarming, and thus, we suggest software development teams to invest in education and knowledge sharing about how their system's architectural roles behave. Notes: Source code roles Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8628 Author: Perini, Anna and Susi, Angelo Year: 2004 Title: Developing a decision support system for integrated production in agriculture Journal: Environmental Modelling & Software Volume: 19 Issue: 9 Pages: 821-829 Date: 9// Short Title: Developing a decision support system for integrated production in agriculture ISSN: 1364-8152 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsoft.2003.03.001 Keywords: Software design Agent-oriented software engineering Agriculture Integrated production Decision support system Artificial intelligence Abstract: Recent approaches in building decision support systems (DSS) for agriculture, and more generally for environmental problems, tend to adopt a “systemic” approach. That is to say, a problem is analyzed in terms of all the knowledge, the data and the responsibilities it depends on. So, the proposed applications aim to be integrated in larger information systems by exploiting the fact that different organizations may manage information sources and resources that are relevant to problem solutions. The paper focuses on design issues faced during the development of a DSS to be used by technicians of the advisory service performing pest management according to an integrated production approach. Designing this type of system requires analyzing two main dimensions of complexity basically: the organizational dimension dealing with all the dependencies between the domain stakeholders, and the technical dimension concerning the study of natural plant protection techniques. These considerations motivate the choice of an agent-oriented methodology for software development. The methodology, called Tropos, plays a central role in early requirement analysis and allows deriving a system’s functional and non-functional requirements from a deep understanding of the domain stakeholders’ goals and of their dependencies. Two components of the system have been implemented using web technologies and they are currently under evaluation. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1364815203002007 Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 8953 Author: Grundy, J. and Hosking, J. Year of Conference: 2000 Title: Developing adaptable user interfaces for component-based systems Conference Name: Proceedings First Australasian User Interface Conference. AUIC 2000 (Cat. No.PR00515) Pages: 17-25 Date: 2000 Short Title: Developing adaptable user interfaces for component-based systems DOI: 10.1109/AUIC.2000.822060 Keywords: adaptive systems software architecture software reusability subroutines user interfaces adaptable user interfaces component-based systems extended component-based software architecture multiple-component user interfaces reuse situations software components subtasks user interface aspects user preferences Application software Collaborative work Computer architecture Computer science Information systems Abstract: Developing software components with user interfaces that can be adapted to diverse reuse situations is challenging. Examples of such adaptations include extending, composing and reconfiguring multiple-component user interfaces, and adapting component user interfaces to particular user preferences, roles and subtasks. We describe our recent work in facilitating such adaptation via the concept of “user interface aspects”, which facilitate effective component user interface design and realisation using an extended component-based software architecture Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8488 Author: Grundy, John and Hosking, John Year: 2002 Title: Developing adaptable user interfaces for component-based systems Journal: Interacting with Computers Volume: 14 Issue: 3 Pages: 175-194 Date: 4// Short Title: Developing adaptable user interfaces for component-based systems ISSN: 0953-5438 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0953-5438(01)00049-2 Keywords: Adaptive user interfaces Component-based user interfaces Software architectures for user interfaces Abstract: Software components are becoming increasingly popular design and implementation technologies that can be plugged and played to provide user-enhanceable software. However, developing software components with user interfaces that can be adapted to diverse reuse situations is challenging. Examples of such adaptations include extending, composing and reconfiguring multiple component user interfaces, and adapting component user interfaces to particular user preferences, roles and subtasks. We describe our recent work in facilitating such adaptation via the concept of user interface aspects, which support effective component user interface design and realisation using an extended, component-based software architecture. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0953543801000492 Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9304 Author: Stratton, W. C., Sibol, D. E., Lindvall, M., Ackermann, C. and Godfrey, S. Year of Conference: 2009 Title: Developing an approach for analyzing and verifying system communication Conference Name: 2009 IEEE Aerospace conference Pages: 1-13 Date: 7-14 March 2009 Short Title: Developing an approach for analyzing and verifying system communication ISBN: 1095-323X DOI: 10.1109/AERO.2009.4839620 Keywords: aerospace computing satellite communication software architecture software performance evaluation software reliability Consultative Committee for Space Data Systems DynSAVE Dynamic Software Architecture Visualization and Evaluation File Delivery Protocol JHU/APL Common Ground System aerospace domain communication channel reliability data exchange information control low level network traffic recording nonintrusive monitoring raw communication records system communication system-of-systems tight resource constraints Aerodynamics Bandwidth Communication channels Communication system control Control systems Data systems Data visualization Monitoring Telecommunication traffic Abstract: Prominent characteristics of systems in the aerospace domain are that they are inherently complex, they must operate under tight resource constraints, and are often parts of a larger system of systems that must be reliable. These systems communicate with each other to exchange data and control information to together fulfill a larger task. In such a setup, the reliability of the communication channel plays a central role in the reliability of the entire system of systems and thus determines the success of fulfilling the larger task. Ensuring such a reliable communication is difficult due to several reasons: (1) the systems are developed independently by different teams at different locations, (2) the specification of the expected communication behavior is ambiguous, and (3) issues in the communication are often subtle and remain uncovered for a long time with the effect that bandwidth and other precious resources are wasted. We are proposing an approach called Dynamic Software Architecture Visualization and Evaluation (DynSAVE) to detect problems in the communication between systems by analyzing their communication behavior. The approach is divided into three main steps. The first step is the non-intrusive monitoring and recording of low level network traffic, the second step converts these raw communication records into meaningful messages, and the third step visualizes this abstracted information in such a way that issues can be detected. In this paper we discuss how the approach was applied to the Consultative Committee for Space Data Systems (CCSDS) File Delivery Protocol (CFDP), which is used for satellite communication by the JHU/APL Common Ground System. The approach has proven to be useful for understanding the communication behavior and uncovering subtle issues due to emerging system behaviors. Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 8053 Author: Ammon, Danny, Hoffmann, Dirk, Jakob, Tobias and Finkeissen, Ekkehard Year: 2008 Title: Developing an architecture of a knowledge-based electronic patient record Conference Name: Proceedings of the 30th international conference on Software engineering Conference Location: Leipzig, Germany Publisher: ACM Pages: 653-660 DOI: 10.1145/1368088.1368180 Place Published: 1368180 Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9400 Author: Ammon, D., Hoffmann, D., Jakob, T. and Finkeissen, E. Year of Conference: 2008 Title: Developing an architecture of a knowledge-based electronic patient record Conference Name: 2008 ACM/IEEE 30th International Conference on Software Engineering Pages: 653-660 Date: 10-18 May 2008 Short Title: Developing an architecture of a knowledge-based electronic patient record ISBN: 0270-5257 DOI: 10.1145/1368088.1368180 Keywords: decision support systems expert systems knowledge engineering knowledge management medical information systems software architecture clinical decision support clinical documentation computer-based knowledge management encyclopedic representation encyclopedic sources knowledge instantiation knowledge-based electronic patient record knowledge-intensive domain medical knowledge structural knowledge base model Computer architecture Documentation Medical expert systems Medical services Medical treatment Navigation Paramagnetic resonance Permission benefits electronic patient record health care kads Abstract: Medicine as knowledge-intensive domain has been the subject of various approaches of computer-based knowledge management. Most of them concentrated on the design and implementation of expert systems for clinical decision support. Today, medical knowledge bases are implemented for various purposes, including encyclopedic sources of information for clinicians. We present a prototypical development of architecture for an electronic patient record which structurally depends on such an encyclopedic representation and is therefore knowledge-based. Using the KADS approach for knowledge engineering, three modeling steps and architectural parts could be identified, definition of basic concepts, the structural knowledge base model, and the interactive process of knowledge instantiation which constitutes clinical documentation. Furthermore, we present an analysis of possible benefits of a knowledge-based electronic patient record in health care as well as in adjacent fields. Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8443 Author: Chen, Wenjun, He, Bin, Zhang, Lei and Nover, Daniel Year: 2016 Title: Developing an integrated 2D and 3D WebGIS-based platform for effective landslide hazard management Journal: International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction Volume: 20 Pages: 26-38 Date: 12// Short Title: Developing an integrated 2D and 3D WebGIS-based platform for effective landslide hazard management ISSN: 2212-4209 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2016.10.003 Keywords: Landslide hazard Landslide multi-level management Landslide emergency response 2D and 3D WebGIS Web service integration Abstract: Collaborative effort for the improvement of landslide database is important during the long-term risk reduction process in large hilly and mountainous regions. This paper presents a novel 2D and 3D WebGIS-based platform for landslide multi-level management and emergency response. The scalable network architecture and three-tier software architecture are designed to support survey data improvement performed by geological surveys in different administrative levels, fast spatial decision support for rescue and evacuation after sudden hazard incidents, as well as prevention information for public access. The web service integration is widely applied in the platform, and proved useful for keeping landslide-related information consistent and up-to-date, since it relies on joint efforts from different government departments with expertise, rather than the local and independent storage pattern. The combined utilization of 2D and 3D WebGIS takes advantage of their respective superiorities, and generates a superior display and analytic web environment for local decision-makers. The 2D map in ArcGIS Flexviewer is mainly for hazard query, spatial statistics and map overlaying analysis during routines, while the 3D scene in Skyline ActiveX component is useful in terrain exploration, rainfall situation analysis and sketch map plotting in emergencies. After elaborating the main modules and key algorithms, the user-friendly platform has been experimented and accepted by three levels of geological surveys in Zhejiang Province, China, and presented as an integrated WebGIS environment for effective landslide hazard management in large prone areas. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2212420916303235 Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 7528 Author: Soliman, M., Galster, M. and Riebisch, M. Year of Conference: 2017 Title: Developing an Ontology for Architecture Knowledge from Developer Communities Conference Name: 2017 IEEE International Conference on Software Architecture (ICSA) Pages: 89-92 Date: 3-7 April 2017 Short Title: Developing an Ontology for Architecture Knowledge from Developer Communities DOI: 10.1109/ICSA.2017.31 Keywords: ontologies (artificial intelligence) software architecture software quality software reusability Stack Overflow architectural knowledge concepts architecture-relevant information coding problems inter-coder reliability tests online developer communities ontology qualitative analyses reusable knowledge quality structure architectural knowledge Computer architecture Encoding Ontologies Reliability Semantics Software architecture design decisions architecture knowledge developer communities Abstract: Software architecting is a knowledge-intensive activity. However, obtaining and evaluating the quality of relevant and reusable knowledge (and ensuring that this knowledge is up-to-date) requires significant effort. In this paper, we explore how online developer communities (e.g., Stack Overflow), traditionally used by developers to solve coding problems, can help solve architectural problems. We develop an ontology that covers architectural knowledge concepts in Stack Overflow. The ontology provides a description of architecture-relevant information to represent and structure architectural knowledge in Stack Overflow. The ontology is empirically grounded through qualitative analyses of different Stack Overflow posts, as well as inter-coder reliability tests. Our results show that the architecture knowledge ontology in Stack Overflow captures architecture-relevant information and supports achieving practitioners' requirements and concerns. 'File' Atttachments: internal-pdf://2075461472/Developing an Ontology for Architecture Knowle.pdf Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9112 Author: Salam, M. and Khan, S. U. Year of Conference: 2016 Title: Developing green and sustainable software: Success factors for vendors Conference Name: 2016 7th IEEE International Conference on Software Engineering and Service Science (ICSESS) Pages: 1059-1062 Date: 26-28 Aug. 2016 Short Title: Developing green and sustainable software: Success factors for vendors DOI: 10.1109/ICSESS.2016.7883248 Keywords: green computing outsourcing software engineering software houses sustainable development CSF GSE SLR process critical success factors e-waste management global software engineering green evaluator green software design green software engineering green-and-sustainable software development low-carbon emission paperless communication power-saving software strategies requirements filtration resource utilization software coding software development multisourcing vendor organizations software development process software development project systematic literature review process Asia Automobiles Electronic waste Green products Libraries Software Sulfur hexafluoride Critical Success factors (CSFs) Green and sustainable software Systematic Literature Review Vendors Abstract: Software plays an important role in various aspects of our life. However, recent software development practices have substantial negative impacts (direct and indirect) on economy, society, human beings, and environment. To cope with these issues the concept of Green Software Engineering has boomed recently. Green and sustainable software development aims to create green software that meets the needs of current and future users while minimizing its negative impacts on the environment and society. Green software development is getting attention in Global Software Engineering (GSE). Software development multi-sourcing vendor organizations have focused on the adaptation of green practices in software development projects. The objectives of this study are to identify and scrutinize a list of critical success factors (CSFs) for vendors in the development of green and sustainable software. The required data for conducting the study was taken, via systematic literature review (SLR) process, from a sample of 74 research papers. The SLR findings reveal that `green software design and efficient coding', `power-saving software strategies ', `low carbon emission throughout the software development process', `efficient resource utilization', `paperless communication', `filtration of requirements through green evaluator and e-waste management' are the critical factors to be implanted by vendors in the development of green and sustainable software. Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 8914 Author: Ramachandran, M. and Jamnal, G. S. Year of Conference: 2014 Title: Developing reusable .NET software components Conference Name: 2014 Science and Information Conference Pages: 991-996 Date: 27-29 Aug. 2014 Short Title: Developing reusable .NET software components DOI: 10.1109/SAI.2014.6918306 Keywords: computational complexity object-oriented programming software metrics software reusability .NET family .NET reuse guider framework CBSE binary component built-in software development component based software engineering design principals domain expertise guidelines based component development plug and play device prototype component guider tool reusable .NET software components reuse analysis reuse guidelines based framework reuse knowledge software complexity software development software industry Complexity theory Guidelines Industries Measurement Programming Software Software engineering GSE Software Design Knowledge Software Guidelines Software Reuse Abstract: Software Development with reuse and for reuse is the foundation of CBSE (Component based software engineering) which allow faster development at lower cost and better usability. A reusable software component works as a plug and play device, which abstract the software complexity and increase performance. Software reuse guidelines have been addressing the issue of capturing best practices, for a long while software industry has collected the enormous wealth of knowledge, experience, domain expertise, design principals & heuristics, hypothesis, algorithms, and experimental results. However, there is no rock solid and mature software component development guidelines defined for the current technologies such as .NET. This paper presents reuse guidelines based framework (known as .NET Reuse Guider) for guidelines based component development for reuse in .NET family. We have demonstrated our approach by designing a binary component as part of development for reuse based on our own .NET Reuse Guider framework. This paper also provides a number reuse analysis and metrics and a prototype component guider tool which sits on top of the .NET architecture with built-in software development & reuse knowledge. Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8645 Author: van der Meijden, M. J., Tange, H., Troost, J. and Hasman, A. Year: 2001 Title: Development and implementation of an EPR: how to encourage the user Journal: International Journal of Medical Informatics Volume: 64 Issue: 2–3 Pages: 173-185 Date: 12// Short Title: Development and implementation of an EPR: how to encourage the user ISSN: 1386-5056 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S1386-5056(01)00208-8 Keywords: Attitude to computers Software design Medical records systems Computerized Questionnaires Interviews User satisfaction Abstract: This paper reports on the role users played in the design and development of an electronic patient record. Two key users participated in the project team. All future users received questionnaires and a selection of them was interviewed. Before starting the development of the EPR, the attitude of users towards electronic record keeping, their satisfaction with the paper clinical records, their knowledge of computers, and their needs and expectations of computer applications in health care were measured by means of a questionnaire. The results of the questionnaire were supplemented with in-depth interviews. Users had a neutral attitude towards electronic record keeping. They were more positive about data entry of the paper records than data retrieval. During the development phase, but prior to the implementation of the EPR, a second questionnaire measured satisfaction with the paper records. Satisfaction appeared to be related to self-rated computer experience. Inexperienced computer users tended to be more positive about the paper records. In general, respondents did not have many expectations about electronic record keeping. A second series of interviews zoomed in on the expectations users had. Except for more concise reporting no beneficial effects of electronic record keeping were expected. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1386505601002088 Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 8848 Author: Ma, Jiwei, Lun, Cuifen, Lin, Zhipeng, Ma, Jimei, Wang, Jian and Liu, Shiguang Year of Conference: 2010 Title: The development and implementation of full-automatic solar panels packaging equipment control system Conference Name: 2010 International Conference on Computer and Communication Technologies in Agriculture Engineering Volume: 2 Pages: 274-278 Date: 12-13 June 2010 Short Title: The development and implementation of full-automatic solar panels packaging equipment control system ISBN: 2161-1092 DOI: 10.1109/CCTAE.2010.5544892 Keywords: control engineering computing control systems hardware-software codesign interference packaging machines signal detection temperature control three-term control PID control anti-interference measures control function control output devices dual MCU environmental temperature control full-automatic solar panels packaging equipment control system hardware design parallel detection software design Converters Robustness Temperature measurement Temperature sensors dual CPU expert PID packaging equipment reliability solar panel Abstract: The hardware and software design method of a full-automatic solar panel packaging equipment control system is presented in this paper. As the hardware core adopts the dual MCU with parallel detection and control function, the input signal and output signal is effectively separated and it also meets the system's demand to detect a great deal of input signal and control output devices. By adopting expert PID control algorithm to control the required environmental temperature at all levels of technology process, the system is further improved dynamically and statically, and it is more reliable and efficient through a series of anti-interference measures of hardware and software. Compared to traditional PLC control, the system cost is greatly reduced, and more advanced and complex control algorithms can be easily achieved, which results to higher precision and better robust. Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 7992 Author: Pidgeon, Christopher W. and Freeman, Peter A. Year: 1985 Title: Development concerns for a software design quality expert system Conference Name: Proceedings of the 22nd ACM/IEEE Design Automation Conference Conference Location: Las Vegas, Nevada, USA Publisher: IEEE Press Pages: 562-568 Place Published: 317946 Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9406 Author: Pidgeon, C. W. and Freeman, P. A. Year of Conference: 1985 Title: Development Concerns for a Software Design Quality Expert System Conference Name: 22nd ACM/IEEE Design Automation Conference Pages: 562-568 Date: 23-26 June 1985 Short Title: Development Concerns for a Software Design Quality Expert System ISBN: 0738-100X DOI: 10.1109/DAC.1985.1585999 Keywords: Automata Computer architecture Costs Expert systems Humans Productivity Software design Software engineering Technology transfer Visualization Abstract: This paper presents some developmental concerns for an expert system in the domain of software design. We discuss the context for such a system and explore the synergism between the human designer and automaton. A gross architecture for the automation is given. A scenario of interaction between the designer and automaton is presented. Notes: Not fitting - tool development Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9330 Author: Honggang, Li and Shengchun, Yang Year of Conference: 2011 Title: Development modeling of software based on performance process Conference Name: 2011 IEEE 2nd International Conference on Software Engineering and Service Science Pages: 397-400 Date: 15-17 July 2011 Short Title: Development modeling of software based on performance process ISBN: 2327-0586 DOI: 10.1109/ICSESS.2011.5982336 Keywords: quality of service software performance evaluation Web 2.0 Web services business oriented composition techniques software as a service software development modeling software performance engineering development process Programming Semantics Software Streaming media Syntactics Unified modeling language SDP architecture modeling performance Abstract: In particular, an early integration of performance specifications in the SDP has been recognized during the last few years as an effective approach to improve the overall quality of a software. Performance related problems are becoming more and more strategic in the software development, especially recently with the advent of Web Services and related business-oriented composition techniques (software as a service, Web 2.0, orchestration, choreography, etc.). The goal of our work is the definition of a software development process that integrates performance evaluation and prediction. The software performance engineering development process (SPEDP) we specify is focused on performance, which plays a key role driving the software development process, thus implementing a performance/QoS-driven (software) development process. More specifically, in this paper our aim is to formally define the SPEDP design process, posing particular interest on the basis, on the first step of SPEDP, the software/system architecture design, modeling and/or representation. We define both the diagrams to use and show how to model the structure of the software architecture, its behavior and performance requirements. This is the first mandatory step for the automation of the SPEDP into a specific tool. Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8470 Author: Girgenti, Andrea, Giorgetti, Alessandro, Citti, Paolo and Romanelli, Marco Year: 2015 Title: Development of a Custom Software for Processing the Stress Corrosion Experimental Data through Axiomatic Design Journal: Procedia CIRP Volume: 34 Pages: 250-255 Date: // Short Title: Development of a Custom Software for Processing the Stress Corrosion Experimental Data through Axiomatic Design ISSN: 2212-8271 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procir.2015.07.064 Keywords: Software design Axiomatic Design data post-processing Abstract: The economical sustainability and the integrity of oil field equipment depend on the choice of the best material for the working conditions. In oil wells, many environmental corrosion phenomena take place and affect the structural integrity of metallic parts and equipment. In order to investigate material properties in presence of corrosive environments and applied stresses, many laboratories have arisen and many experimental techniques have been developed and setup in order to collect data about the behaviour of corrosion resistant alloys. Available data are traditionally gathered into text files which are difficult to analyze and process since a widespread commercial software does not exist for automated data processing and reporting. Each laboratory has to develop their own tools in order to perform the data post processing for stress corrosion experiments. In this paper, the Axiomatic Design method has been employed in order to develop a custom software for data post processing of the stress corrosion tests. The application of the Axiomatic Design has a key role in defining the software architecture, avoiding useless solutions and improving code optimization from the earliest phases. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2212827115008239 Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8629 Author: Li, Shuliang Year: 2000 Title: The development of a hybrid intelligent system for developing marketing strategy Journal: Decision Support Systems Volume: 27 Issue: 4 Pages: 395-409 Date: 1// Short Title: The development of a hybrid intelligent system for developing marketing strategy ISSN: 0167-9236 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0167-9236(99)00061-5 Keywords: Marketing strategy development Hybrid intelligent systems Decision support systems Expert systems Fuzzy logic Artificial neural networks Abstract: In this paper, the development of a hybrid intelligent system for developing marketing strategy is described. The hybrid system has been developed to: provide a logical process for strategic analysis; support group assessment of strategic marketing factors; help the coupling of strategic analysis with managerial intuition and judgement; help managers deal with uncertainty and fuzziness; and produce intelligent advice on setting marketing strategy. In this system, the strengths of expert systems, fuzzy logic and artificial neural networks (ANNs) are combined to support the process of marketing strategy development. Moreover, the advantages of Porter's five forces model and the directional policy matrices (DPM) are also integrated to assist strategic analysis. In the paper, the software architecture of the hybrid system is discussed in details. Particularly, the group assessment support module, the fuzzification of strategic factors, and the fuzzy reasoning for setting marketing strategy are addressed. In addition, the empirical field work on evaluating the hybrid system is also summarised. The empirical evidence indicates that the hybrid intelligent system is helpful and useful in supporting the development of marketing strategy. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167923699000615 Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9049 Author: Beneder, R., Lechner, M. and Schmitt, P. Year of Conference: 2017 Title: Development of a low-cost, open-source measurement equipment for undergraduate courses dedicated to embedded systems Conference Name: IEEE EUROCON 2017 -17th International Conference on Smart Technologies Pages: 187-192 Date: 6-8 July 2017 Short Title: Development of a low-cost, open-source measurement equipment for undergraduate courses dedicated to embedded systems DOI: 10.1109/EUROCON.2017.8011102 Keywords: distance learning educational courses electronic engineering computing electronic engineering education embedded systems public domain software University of Applied Sciences Technikum Wien analog signals communication interfaces degree programs digital signals electronic engineering embedded systems hardware & software design labor exercises low-cost open-source measurement equipment measurement equipment oscilloscopes prototype tests requirements specification undergraduate courses Field programmable gate arrays Graphical user interfaces Hardware Signal processing Voltage measurement Equivalent Time Sampling FPGA Oscilloscope Real Time Sampling Abstract: The University of Applied Sciences Technikum Wien offers various courses dedicated to electronic engineering and embedded systems hardware & software design. These courses are embedded in various degree programs such as full-time, part-time, and distance learning. The attendees of these courses train their skills and expertise on the basis of labor exercises, assignments, and tasks. Especially in degree programs with focus on technology it is mandatory to evaluate and verify analog & digital signals, signals of communication interfaces, and control signals to gain knowledge. Traditionally this is done by utilizing oscilloscopes and various measurement equipment. Due to the fact that only a limited amount of time is available at the university and not every student has constant access to the measurement equipment, it would be beneficial to provide tools to complete labor exercises, assignments, and tasks at home as well. This paper gives an overview of already available measurement equipment, highlights the minimum requirements specification for the oscilloscope, describes the developed hardware & software in detail and introduces results of the prototype tests. Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 8783 Author: Dehuai, Z., Gang, X., Jinming, Z. and Li, Li Year of Conference: 2007 Title: Development of a Mobile Platform for Security Robot Conference Name: 2007 IEEE International Conference on Automation and Logistics Pages: 1262-1267 Date: 18-21 Aug. 2007 Short Title: Development of a Mobile Platform for Security Robot ISBN: 2161-8151 DOI: 10.1109/ICAL.2007.4338763 Keywords: collision avoidance decision making mobile robots motion control WinCon-8k Windows CE automatic patrol solution differential driven wheels environmental sensing laptop PC platform mechanical design mobile robot platform modular software design motion tracking obstacle avoidance obstacle detection security robot sensors system shaft encoders ultrasonic sensors wireless networking Buildings Centralized control Communication system control Control systems Robot sensing systems Robotics and automation Security Sensor systems robot platform Abstract: With the development of society and economy, more and more high buildings and large mansions come forth, it is imperative to seek an automatic patrol solution. The development of a mobile robot platform is presented in this paper, which includes basic design principles, mechanical design, motion control, sensors system and implementation of modular software design. The hardware platform is equipped with two differential driven wheels including shaft encoders for motion tracking. The system also contained several ultrasonic sensors for obstacle detection and avoidance. A couple of cameras were equipped on the system to record and send the images/video of the environment back to the central control room. The control system is based on a novel controller WinCon-8k and laptop PC platform. The WinCon-8k is responsible for the movement of the system, environmental sensing and decision making. Windows CE is used for the function of wireless networking and communication with the central control room. Finally, a cooperative supermarket providing an extraordinary test bed permits to establish meaningful statistics over 3 months (from August 10 to November 13). Several experiments were conducted to verify the current capability of the mobile robot platform. From the results of experiments, the mobile platform shows satisfactory performance in motion control, positioning, patrolling and monitoring the environment. Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8667 Author: Thomas, Bruce and McClelland, Ian Year: 1996 Title: The development of a touch screen based communications terminal Journal: International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics Volume: 18 Issue: 1 Pages: 1-13 Date: 7// Short Title: The development of a touch screen based communications terminal ISSN: 0169-8141 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0169-8141(95)00025-9 Keywords: Touch screen Communication User involvement Interaction specification Work practice Organization Abstract: This paper discusses a successful attempt to improve the design of a communications terminal for professional applications involving significant improvements to customer and operator contact, and improving the level of operator focus during the design phase. This included visits to sites to capture requirements through interview and observation of working practices, and to get insight into typical communication tasks. A clear task focus was maintained during the design phase by using a dialogue description tool, the Task Action Description, developed in-house to support the integration of the dialogue specification, the graphic design and the software design. Customer and operator feedback on the design was obtained. The value of team work is also discussed. The success of the design can be attributed to a direct involvement of users in the development process and to the integration of human factors specialists, graphic designers, software engineers and marketing experts in the development team. The conclusions drawn highlight: (1) the importance of direct first hand exposure to the daily working environment of the operators by the team as a whole; (2) the problem of how to articulate operator requirements in such a form that they are taken into account in the design development; and (3) the progressive evolution of organisations and changes in work practices. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0169814195000259 Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 8932 Author: Wang, J., Sun, A., Su, W., Wang, J. and Liu, H. Year of Conference: 2012 Title: Development of an expert control strategy for controlling obstacle crossing of a high-voltage transmission line inspection robot Conference Name: 18th International Conference on Automation and Computing (ICAC) Pages: 1-5 Date: 7-8 Sept. 2012 Short Title: Development of an expert control strategy for controlling obstacle crossing of a high-voltage transmission line inspection robot Keywords: collision avoidance control engineering computing control system synthesis expert systems inference mechanisms inspection mobile robots power transmission lines programming languages CLIPS VC++ artificial intelligence automatic inspection crawling robot expert control strategy expert system based control strategy high-voltage transmission line inspection robot inference engine intelligent algorithms line faults obstacle crossing control remotely controlled inspection robot robot knowledge base rule based expert control system software design Control systems Databases Engines Robot sensing systems expert system knowledge base robot control Abstract: A rule based expert control system is designed for controlling a crawling robot to cross obstacles along highvoltage transmission lines. The objective of this study is to achieve automatic inspection of the line faults by using a remotely controlled inspection robot. The expert control strategy presented in the paper adopts the principles of artificial intelligence and embeds intelligent algorithms and strategies in the controller for the robot. The paper discusses the structure of the expert system based control strategy and the design methodology to derive the robot knowledge base and inference engine. VC++ and CLIPS are used as the programming languages for software design and implementation. The feasibility and practical applicability of the expert system are tested and verified through experimental study. The experimental results show that the control strategy works well with the satisfactory performance and has a great potential to be applied in practice. Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8493 Author: Liebowitz, Jay Year: 1986 Title: Development of an expert system prototype for determining software functional requirements for command management activities at NASA goddard Journal: Telematics and Informatics Volume: 3 Issue: 1 Pages: 47-79 Date: // Short Title: Development of an expert system prototype for determining software functional requirements for command management activities at NASA goddard ISSN: 0736-5853 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0736-5853(86)80037-5 Abstract: At NASA Goddard, the role of the command management system (CMS) is to transform general requests for spacecraft operations into detailed operational plans to be uplinked to the spacecraft. The CMS is part of the NASA Data System which entails the downlink of science and engineering data from NASA near-earth satellites to the user, and the uplink of command and control data to the spacecraft. Presently, it takes one to three years, with meetings once or twice a week, to determine functional requirements for CMS software design. As an alternative approach to the present technique of developing CMS software functional requirements, an expert system prototype was developed to aid in this function. Specifically, the knowledge base was formulated through interactions with domain experts, and was then linked to an existing expert system application generator called “Knowledge Engineering System.” Knowledge base development focused on four major steps: (1) develop the problem-oriented attribute hierarchy; (2) determine the knowledge management approach; (3) encode the knowledge base; and (4) validate, test, certify, and evaluate the knowledge base and the expert system prototype as a whole. Backcasting was accomplished for validating and testing the expert system prototype. Knowledge refinement, evaluation, and implementation procedures of the expert system prototype were then transacted. Notes: tool development URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0736585386800375 Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 8826 Author: Jingqiu, Shao and Far, B. H. Year of Conference: 2004 Title: Development of an intelligent system for architecture design and analysis [software architecture] Conference Name: Canadian Conference on Electrical and Computer Engineering 2004 (IEEE Cat. No.04CH37513) Volume: 1 Pages: 539-542 Vol.1 Date: 2-5 May 2004 Short Title: Development of an intelligent system for architecture design and analysis [software architecture] ISBN: 0840-7789 DOI: 10.1109/CCECE.2004.1345092 Keywords: inference mechanisms knowledge representation software architecture software quality software tools ADD architectural alternatives exploration architectural information attribute driven design method design process support tools intelligent software architecture design system knowledge base quality attributes reasoning mechanisms software architecture analysis user requirements Business communication Computer architecture Design engineering Information analysis Intelligent systems Knowledge engineering Maintenance engineering Software design Software maintenance Abstract: Software architecture plays a pivotal role in allowing an organization to meet its business goals, in terms of the early insights it provides into the system, the communication it enables among stakeholders, and the value it provides as a re-usable asset. Unfortunately, designing and analyzing architecture for a certain system is recognized as a hard task for most software engineers, because the process of collecting, maintaining, and validating architectural information is complex, knowledge-intensive, iterative, and error prone. The needs of software architectural design and analysis have led to a desire to create tools to support the process. This paper introduces an intelligent system, which serves the following purposes: to obtain meaningful nonfunctional requirements from users; to aid in exploring architectural alternatives; and to facilitate architectural analysis. Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9590 Author: Yun, S., Kim, C., Kim, J., Choi, M. T. and Kim, M. Year of Conference: 2007 Title: The Development of Easy Interaction Room Conference Name: RO-MAN 2007 - The 16th IEEE International Symposium on Robot and Human Interactive Communication Pages: 866-871 Date: 26-29 Aug. 2007 Short Title: The Development of Easy Interaction Room ISBN: 1944-9445 DOI: 10.1109/ROMAN.2007.4415206 Keywords: home automation intelligent robots mobile robots service robots software architecture software reusability ubiquitous computing cutting-edge technology easy interaction room development hardware infrastructure intelligent robotic service monolithic robot platform Collaboration Computer architecture Hardware Human robot interaction Pervasive computing Robotics and automation Abstract: This paper introduces the system development of the ubiquitous computing environment, called easy interaction room (EIR), in which humans can get intelligent robotic services with easy interaction. The room has been built to research the roles between the ubicomp environment and service robot in it. Also EIR system collaborates on a special home service with the monolithic robot platform. In this development, cutting-edge technologies are employed on the design and implementation of hardware infrastructure for the automated environment. Intelligent Robot Software Architecture, developed by CIR for reusable and extensible architecture, is used to build EIR's software architecture for rapid development. Preliminary correlations between EIR and a service robot have been designed and implemented on the architectures. Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8595 Author: Emond, Patrick D., Choi, Abram, O'Neill, John, Xie, Jason, Adachi, Rick and Gordon, Chris L. Year: 2009 Title: The Development of EERA: Software for Assessing Rheumatic Joint Erosions Journal: Canadian Association of Radiologists Journal Volume: 60 Issue: 2 Pages: 63-68 Date: 4// Short Title: The Development of EERA: Software for Assessing Rheumatic Joint Erosions ISSN: 0846-5371 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carj.2009.02.007 Keywords: Arthritis, Rheumatoid Magnetic resonance imaging Abstract: Objective The principal aim of this study was to create a segmentation program, to be used by nonmusculoskeletal or junior fellows, that defines the bones in the metacarpophalangeal joint in a dynamic 3-dimensional image that will lead to higher inter-reader agreement of bone erosion scores. Methods The second to fifth metacarpal head and phalangeal bases of 15 participants were rated according to the Rheumatoid Arthritis Magnetic Resonance Imaging Scoring system by one trained and one untrained reader. Two comparisons were made. The first comparison was between the 2 readers using only the traditional 2-dimensional magnetic resonance image set. The second comparison was between the 2 readers, with the untrained reader using a custom segmentation program with traditional 2-dimensional magnetic resonance image set. Results The software marginally increased inter-reader reliability with the exception of the second metacarpal head, for which reliability was increased substantially. Future work will concentrate on improving image acquisition, better delineate erosions from surrounding bone oedema, and address methods to directly determine erosion volumes. Conclusions Software designed to display dynamic 3-dimensional images enables a relatively untrained user to score the metacarpophalangeal joints in the hand for erosions equivalent to that produced by an expert using the manual methods. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0846537109000102 Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 8334 Author: Jos, #233, Mac, A., #237 and as Year: 2012 Title: Development of end-user-centered EUD software Conference Name: Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Interacción Persona-Ordenador Conference Location: Elche, Spain Publisher: ACM Pages: 1-2 DOI: 10.1145/2379636.2379660 Place Published: 2379660 Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 8883 Author: Choi, T., Do, H., Park, D. and Son, Y. Year of Conference: 2016 Title: Development of the software to build kinematics for module based robot automatically Conference Name: 2016 International Conference on Advanced Mechatronic Systems (ICAMechS) Pages: 96-99 Date: Nov. 30 2016-Dec. 3 2016 Short Title: Development of the software to build kinematics for module based robot automatically DOI: 10.1109/ICAMechS.2016.7813428 Keywords: control engineering computing robot kinematics robot programming software architecture software tools Cartesian space kinematics library module based robot software development software tool-set Companies Kinematics Libraries Manipulators Software kinematics building modular robot Abstract: Module based robot has long history. There are many module based robot in the market. Some companies sell those to be used in industrial application. However software technology is not doing catch up hardware performance. Company provide software tool-set, and user can build their own control system. Customers meet the limitation when they want to build kinematics library to control their robots in Cartesian space. It is clear that expertise in robotics is required to develop kinematics. In this article the novel software architecture to make kinematic library for module based robot automatically is introduced. Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 8200 Author: Denil, Joachim, Vangheluwe, Hans, Ramaekers, Pieter, Meulenaere, Paul De and Demeyer, Serge Year: 2011 Title: DEVS for AUTOSAR platform modelling Conference Name: Proceedings of the 2011 Symposium on Theory of Modeling & Simulation: DEVS Integrative M&S Symposium Conference Location: Boston, Massachusetts Publisher: Society for Computer Simulation International Pages: 67-74 Place Published: 2048484 Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 9161 Author: Mitchell, J. Year: 1989 Title: Diagnostic maintenance expert system for the hydraulic subsystem of a continuous miner Journal: IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications Volume: 25 Issue: 5 Pages: 841-845 Short Title: Diagnostic maintenance expert system for the hydraulic subsystem of a continuous miner ISSN: 0093-9994 DOI: 10.1109/28.41246 Keywords: expert systems maintenance engineering mining continuous miner diagnostic maintenance expert system hydraulic subsystem sensor interface software Application software Delay Diagnostic expert systems Equipment failure Hydraulic systems Machinery Mechanical sensors Mechanical systems Sensor phenomena and characterization Software design Abstract: An expert system is being developed for diagnostic maintenance of the hydraulic system of a continuous coal mining machine. Through the use of such a system, lengthy and costly delays due to equipment failure and repair can be significantly reduced. This type of equipment diagnostic system can be applied to the electrical and mechanical systems as well as other mining machinery. The functional requirements of the expert system, the approach to the problem, the application domain, a description of how the system works, its software design and sensor interface, and future plans for the continued development of this and other expert systems in mining are discussed Reference Type: Book Section Record Number: 7842 Author: Tofan, Dan, Galster, Matthias and Avgeriou, Paris Year: 2013 Title: Difficulty of Architectural Decisions – A Survey with Professional Architects Editor: Drira, Khalil Book Title: Software Architecture: 7th European Conference, ECSA 2013, Montpellier, France, July 1-5, 2013. Proceedings Place Published: Berlin, Heidelberg Publisher: Springer Berlin Heidelberg Pages: 192-199 Short Title: Difficulty of Architectural Decisions – A Survey with Professional Architects ISBN: 978-3-642-39031-9 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-39031-9_17 Label: Tofan2013 Abstract: Much research exists on architectural decisions, but little work describes architectural decisions in the real-world. In this paper, we present the results of a survey with 43 architects from industry. We study characteristics of 86 real-world architectural decisions and factors that contribute to their difficulty. Also, we compare decisions made by junior architects and senior architects. Finally, we compare good and bad architectural decisions. Survey results indicate that architectural decisions take an average time of eight working days. Dependencies between decisions and the effort required to analyze decisions are major factors that contribute to their difficulty. Compared to senior architects, junior architects spend a quarter of the time on making a decision. Good architectural decisions tend to include more decision alternatives than bad decisions. Finally, we found that 86% of architectural decisions are group decisions. URL: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-39031-9_17 Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8382 Author: Kling, Rob and Elliott, Margaret Year: 1994 Title: Digital library design for organizational usability Journal: SIGOIS Bull. Volume: 15 Issue: 2 Pages: 59-70 Short Title: Digital library design for organizational usability ISSN: 0894-0819 DOI: 10.1145/192611.192746 Legal Note: 192746 Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9374 Author: Klingensmith, M. W. Year of Conference: 1997 Title: Digital system debug techniques Conference Name: WESCON/97 Conference Proceedings Pages: 98-120 Date: 4-6 Nov 1997 Short Title: Digital system debug techniques ISBN: 1095-791X DOI: 10.1109/WESCON.1997.632325 Keywords: computer debugging program debugging software development management systems analysis Hewlett-Packard debug techniques development process digital system debug software development team productivity Digital integrated circuits Digital systems Hardware Manufacturing industries Productivity Programming Semiconductor device manufacture Software debugging Software design Springs Abstract: Hewlett-Packard's extensive experience working with digital system design teams, semiconductor manufacturers and industry design consultants has made HP the expert in digital system debug techniques. This paper, gives valuable insights from HP. HP share design for debug techniques that you can use to shorten your development process and improve team productivity. Learn how to design your hardware to simplify debug and performance characterization. Understand the needs of the software development team so that you can design digital hardware to help meet those needs. Architectural, hardware and software design considerations for debug will also be explored Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9389 Author: Patil, K. K. and Ahmed, S. T. Year of Conference: 2014 Title: Digital telemammography services for rural India, software components and design protocol Conference Name: 2014 International Conference on Advances in Electronics Computers and Communications Pages: 1-5 Date: 10-11 Oct. 2014 Short Title: Digital telemammography services for rural India, software components and design protocol DOI: 10.1109/ICAECC.2014.7002442 Keywords: Internet biological tissues cancer data analysis groupware health care mammography medical image processing patient monitoring software engineering telemedicine advanced ICT technology application cancer diagnosis design protocol digital TSS digital mammogram analysis digital telemammography service system doctor-patient ratio early breast cancer detection effective healthcare service end-to-end solution healthcare worker training low cost implementation model mammography screening mortality rate reduction remote expert consultation remote radiologist consultation rural India rural primary health care center patient rural service platform software architecture software component survival rate system architecture Breast cancer Medical diagnostic imaging Servers Sociology Digital Telemammography Remote cancer monitoring Abstract: Providing healthcare services in the rural parts of India is a big challenge mainly due to dismal doctor - patient ratio. Deadly diseases like cancer need experts to detect and diagnosis. Breast cancer, is the second major type of cancer found in women worldwide. Mammography screening has been proven to be most effective in reducing the mortality rate of breast cancer, with the application of advanced ICT technology to rural primary health care centers for breast cancer detection, will definitely help in early detection of breast cancer and hence increases the survival rate in women. The Digital “Telemammography Service System” - (TSS), is one such initiative to enable trained healthcare workers and patient from the rural primary health care center to consult experts/radiologist remotely at low cost and get done with their digital mammograms analyzed thoroughly. In this work, we present the software architecture and low cost implementation model for a Rural Service Platform to provide an end-to-end solution while touching the next billion under-served populations. In this paper, we mainly focused on the studies related to digital mammography, system architecture and software components to provide effective healthcare services to rural Indian women. Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 8306 Author: Hardy, John, Bull, Christopher, Kotonya, Gerald and Whittle, Jon Year: 2011 Title: Digitally annexing desk space for software development (NIER track) Conference Name: Proceedings of the 33rd International Conference on Software Engineering Conference Location: Waikiki, Honolulu, HI, USA Publisher: ACM Pages: 812-815 DOI: 10.1145/1985793.1985910 Place Published: 1985910 Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9036 Author: Hardy, J., Bull, C., Kotonya, G. and Whittle, J. Year of Conference: 2011 Title: Digitally annexing desk space for software development: NIER track Conference Name: 2011 33rd International Conference on Software Engineering (ICSE) Pages: 812-815 Date: 21-28 May 2011 Short Title: Digitally annexing desk space for software development: NIER track ISBN: 0270-5257 DOI: 10.1145/1985793.1985910 Keywords: data visualisation groupware software engineering CoffeeTable IDE NIER track digitally annexing desk space interactive desk software design process software development Collaboration Interviews Navigation Programming Software Visualization collaboration and collaborative construction collocation cscw software visualisation tabletop user interfaces Abstract: Software engineering is a team activity yet the programmer's key tool, the IDE, is still largely that of a soloist. This paper describes the vision, implementation and initial evaluation of CoffeeTable - a fully featured research prototype resulting from our reflections on the software design process. CoffeeTable exchanges the traditional IDE for one built around a shared interactive desk. The proposed solution encourages smooth transitions between agile and traditional modes of working whilst helping to create a shared vision and common reference frame - key to sustaining a good design. This paper also presents early results from the evaluation of CoffeeTable and offers some insights from the lessons learned. In particular, it highlights the role of developer tools and the software constructions that are shaped by them. Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 8947 Author: Ming, H., Chang, C. K. and Yang, J. Year of Conference: 2015 Title: Dimensional Situation Analytics: From Data to Wisdom Conference Name: 2015 IEEE 39th Annual Computer Software and Applications Conference Volume: 1 Pages: 50-59 Date: 1-5 July 2015 Short Title: Dimensional Situation Analytics: From Data to Wisdom DOI: 10.1109/COMPSAC.2015.199 Keywords: data handling knowledge management parallel processing (MR)2 paradigm DIKW hierarchy cognitive category decision making dimensional situation analytics functional MapReduce computing paradigm human centric situation studies knowledge transformation Computer science Context Electronic mail Ontologies Software design Data Information Knowledge MapReduce Ontology Situ framework Situation Analytics Situation theory Wisdom (DIKW) Abstract: In the late 80s, Ackoff first proposed a cognitive category upon the content of human mind, which included Data, Information, Knowledge and Wisdom, or DIKW. Since then, the DIKW hierarchy has attracted a flurry of further research studies. Its applications include ontology composition, decision making theory, domain specific engineering theory, software design thought process automation, etc., to name a few. Partially based on our previous work on human centric situation studies, we propose a dimensional situation analytics towards a new view on the DIKW hierarchy. By incorporating functional MapReduce computing paradigm, we present in this paper a novel (MR)2 paradigm, which refers to two consecutive MapReduce that cut across the boundaries between Data, Information, Knowledge and Wisdom. We argue that our (MR)2 paradigm promotes comprehensive decision making and therefore, offers new insights in knowledge transformation from data to wisdom. Notes: Some implementation not connected Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8535 Author: Engelsone, A., Campbell, S. L. and Betts, J. T. Year: 2007 Title: Direct transcription solution of higher-index optimal control problems and the virtual index Journal: Applied Numerical Mathematics Volume: 57 Issue: 3 Pages: 281-296 Date: 3// Short Title: Direct transcription solution of higher-index optimal control problems and the virtual index ISSN: 0168-9274 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apnum.2006.03.012 Keywords: Numerical methods Optimal control Direct transcription Abstract: Direct transcription methods are a popular approach for solving optimal control problems. They are sometimes able to solve problems that the classical numerical theory would suggest that they cannot solve. The dynamics of an equality constrained optimal control problem form a differential algebraic equation (DAE), and most numerical methods for solving these optimal control problems require solving this DAE for the states and algebraic variables, which would imply that the problem is unsolvable if this DAE is high index. We will demonstrate that direct transcription methods, which use a different approach, can successfully solve some higher index equality constrained optimal control problems and that the role of the index needs reinterpretation when using direct transcription methods. These results and observations have implications for software design and guidance provided to users. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0168927406000572 Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8157 Author: Clear, Tony Year: 2005 Title: Disciplined design practices: a role for refactoring in software engineering? Journal: SIGCSE Bull. Volume: 37 Issue: 4 Pages: 15-16 Short Title: Disciplined design practices: a role for refactoring in software engineering? ISSN: 0097-8418 DOI: 10.1145/1113847.1113853 Legal Note: 1113853 Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9237 Author: Jolak, R., Umuhoza, E., Ho-Quang, T., Chaudron, M. R. V. and Brambilla, M. Year of Conference: 2017 Title: Dissecting Design Effort and Drawing Effort in UML Modeling Conference Name: 2017 43rd Euromicro Conference on Software Engineering and Advanced Applications (SEAA) Pages: 384-391 Date: Aug. 30 2017-Sept. 1 2017 Short Title: Dissecting Design Effort and Drawing Effort in UML Modeling DOI: 10.1109/SEAA.2017.55 Keywords: Unified Modeling Language formal verification UML modeling cognitive activities design effort drawing effort layouting notation expression software development software models Computational modeling Layout Mathematical model Software Software engineering Tools Empirical Software Engineering Layouting Effort Modeling Effort Software Design Software Modeling UML Abstract: One argument in the discussion about the adoption of UML in industry is the supposedly large effort it takes to do modeling. Our study explores how the creation of UML models can be understood to consist of different cognitive activities: (i) designing: thinking about the design (ideation, key-design decision making), (ii) notation expression: expressing a design in a modeling notation and (iii) layouting: the spatial organization of model elements in a diagram. We explain that these different subactivities relate to different short-term and long-term benefits of modeling. In this study we present two controlled experiments with a total of 100 subjects creating models for a small system. In these experiments we focus on software models as represented through UML class diagram. Our results show that at least 56% of the effort spent on creating a class model is actually due to designing. Notation expression is around 41% of the model creation effort and layouting is in the order of 3%. This finding suggests that a significant part of creating models is devoted to design thinking about the problem. Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 7622 Author: Sobernig, S. and Zdun, U. Year of Conference: 2016 Title: Distilling Architectural Design Decisions and Their Relationships Using Frequent Item-Sets Conference Name: 2016 13th Working IEEE/IFIP Conference on Software Architecture (WICSA) Pages: 61-70 Date: 5-8 April 2016 Short Title: Distilling Architectural Design Decisions and Their Relationships Using Frequent Item-Sets DOI: 10.1109/WICSA.2016.9 Keywords: data mining software architecture architectural knowledge artifact data-mining distilled decision frequent item-sets guidance model reusable architectural decision model Computer architecture Context Decision making Documentation Encoding Software Systematics architectural design decision design-decision relationship reusable architectural design-decision model Abstract: Much attention is paid nowadays to software architecture of a system as a set of design decisions providing the rationale for the system design. To document and share proven architectural design decisions, decisions made in concrete development projects are mined and distilled into reusable architectural decision models (a.k.a. guidance models). The available distillation approaches, however, remain ad hoc and biased towards the personal experience of few expert architects. Relationships between distilled decisions are not systematically explored. We propose an approach for distilling reusable architectural design decisions with emphasis on their relationships. Architectural knowledge artifacts (e.g., architecture documentation, interviews) are systematically coded for the occurrence of architectural design decisions and their details. Co-occurrences of coded design decisions are then processed for different relationship types using an established data-mining technique: frequent item-sets. The distilled relationships enter the construction of a reusable architectural decision model and contribute to organizing the design space based on empirical data (i.e., frequency patterns of co-occurrences). We report on distilling design-decision relationships from decision data collected during a three-year project on language architectures of 80 UML-based domain-specific modeling languages. Notes: Relation between decisions, however no behavior focus Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9185 Author: Sobernig, S. and Zdun, U. Year of Conference: 2016 Title: Distilling Architectural Design Decisions and Their Relationships Using Frequent Item-Sets Conference Name: 2016 13th Working IEEE/IFIP Conference on Software Architecture (WICSA) Pages: 61-70 Date: 5-8 April 2016 Short Title: Distilling Architectural Design Decisions and Their Relationships Using Frequent Item-Sets DOI: 10.1109/WICSA.2016.9 Keywords: data mining software architecture architectural knowledge artifact data-mining distilled decision frequent item-sets guidance model reusable architectural decision model Computer architecture Context Decision making Documentation Encoding Software Systematics architectural design decision design-decision relationship reusable architectural design-decision model Abstract: Much attention is paid nowadays to software architecture of a system as a set of design decisions providing the rationale for the system design. To document and share proven architectural design decisions, decisions made in concrete development projects are mined and distilled into reusable architectural decision models (a.k.a. guidance models). The available distillation approaches, however, remain ad hoc and biased towards the personal experience of few expert architects. Relationships between distilled decisions are not systematically explored. We propose an approach for distilling reusable architectural design decisions with emphasis on their relationships. Architectural knowledge artifacts (e.g., architecture documentation, interviews) are systematically coded for the occurrence of architectural design decisions and their details. Co-occurrences of coded design decisions are then processed for different relationship types using an established data-mining technique: frequent item-sets. The distilled relationships enter the construction of a reusable architectural decision model and contribute to organizing the design space based on empirical data (i.e., frequency patterns of co-occurrences). We report on distilling design-decision relationships from decision data collected during a three-year project on language architectures of 80 UML-based domain-specific modeling languages. Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 8331 Author: Badeig, Fabien, Pelorson, Quentin, Arias, Soraya, Drouard, Vincent, Gebru, Israel, Li, Xiaofei, Evangelidis, Georgios and Horaud, Radu Year: 2015 Title: A Distributed Architecture for Interacting with NAO Conference Name: Proceedings of the 2015 ACM on International Conference on Multimodal Interaction Conference Location: Seattle, Washington, USA Publisher: ACM Pages: 385-386 DOI: 10.1145/2818346.2823303 Place Published: 2823303 Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8686 Author: Elfes, Alberto Year: 1986 Title: A distributed control architecture for an autonomous mobile robot Journal: Artificial Intelligence in Engineering Volume: 1 Issue: 2 Pages: 99-108 Date: 10// Short Title: A distributed control architecture for an autonomous mobile robot ISSN: 0954-1810 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0954-1810(86)90054-3 Keywords: mobile robot software architecture sonar mapping autonomous navigation distributed problem-solving distributed control Abstract: This paper describes a Distributed Control Architecture for an autonomous mobile robot. We start by characterizing the Conceptual Levels into which the various problem-solving activities of a mobile robot can be classified. In sequence, we discuss a Distributed Control System that provides scheduling and coordination of multiple concurrent activities on a mobile robot. Multiple Expert Modules are responsible for the various tasks and communicate through messages and over a Blackboard. As a testbed, the architecture of a specific system for Sonar-Based Mapping and Navigation is presented, and a distributed implementation is described. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0954181086900543 Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8555 Author: Cannataro, Mario, Talia, Domenico and Trunfio, Paolo Year: 2002 Title: Distributed data mining on the grid Journal: Future Generation Computer Systems Volume: 18 Issue: 8 Pages: 1101-1112 Date: 10// Short Title: Distributed data mining on the grid ISSN: 0167-739X DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0167-739X(02)00088-2 Keywords: Knowledge discovery Distributed data mining Grid services Abstract: In many industrial, scientific and commercial applications, it is often necessary to analyze large data sets, maintained over geographically distributed sites, by using the computational power of distributed and parallel systems. The grid can play a significant role in providing an effective computational support for knowledge discovery applications. We describe a software architecture for geographically distributed high-performance knowledge discovery applications called Knowledge Grid, which is designed on top of computational grid mechanisms, provided by grid environments such as Globus. The Knowledge Grid uses the basic grid services such as communication, authentication, information, and resource management to build more specific parallel and distributed knowledge discovery tools and services. The paper discusses how the Knowledge Grid can be used to implement distributed data mining services. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167739X02000882 Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 8295 Author: Daily, Mike, Howard, Mike, Jerald, Jason, Lee, Craig, Martin, Kevin, McInnes, Doug and Tinker, Pete Year: 2000 Title: Distributed design review in virtual environments Conference Name: Proceedings of the third international conference on Collaborative virtual environments Conference Location: San Francisco, California, USA Publisher: ACM Pages: 57-63 DOI: 10.1145/351006.351013 Place Published: 351013 Abstract: In large distributed corporations, distributed design review offers the potential for cost savings, reduced time to market, and improved efficiency. It also has the potential to improve the design process by enabling wider expertise to be incorporated in design reviews. This paper describes the integration of several components to enable distributed virtual design review in mixed multi-party, heterogeneous multi-site 2D and immersive 3D environments. The system provides higher layers of support for collaboration including avatars, high fidelity audio, and shared artifact manipulation. The system functions across several interface environments ranging from CAVEs to Walls to desktop workstations. At the center of the software architecture is the Human Integrating Virtual Environment (HIVE) [6], a collaboration infrastructure and toolset to support research and development of multi-user, geographically distributed, 2D and 3D shared applications. The HIVE functions with VisualEyes software for visualizing 3D data in virtual environments. We also describe in detail the configuration and lessons learned in a two site, heterogeneous multi-user demonstration of the system between HRL Laboratories in Malibu, California and GM R&D in Warren, Michigan. Notes: Tool description Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 7864 Author: Rago, Alejandro, Vidal, Santiago, Diaz-Pace, J. Andres, Frank, Sebastian, Andr, #233 and Hoorn, van Year: 2017 Title: Distributed quality-attribute optimization of software architectures Conference Name: Proceedings of the 11th Brazilian Symposium on Software Components, Architectures, and Reuse Conference Location: Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil Publisher: ACM Pages: 1-10 DOI: 10.1145/3132498.3132509 Place Published: 3132509 Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8723 Author: Austin, Mark, Delgoshaei, Parastoo and Nguyen, Alan Year: 2015 Title: Distributed System Behavior Modeling with Ontologies, Rules, and Message Passing Mechanisms Journal: Procedia Computer Science Volume: 44 Pages: 373-382 Date: // Short Title: Distributed System Behavior Modeling with Ontologies, Rules, and Message Passing Mechanisms ISSN: 1877-0509 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2015.03.059 Keywords: Distributed System Modeling Ontologies Rule Checking Jena API Abstract: Modern societal-scale infrastructures (e.g., buildings, roads, railways, and power supplies) that are defined by spatially distributed network structures, concurrent subsystem-level behaviours, distributed control and decision making, and interdependencies among subsystems that are not always well understood. During both Hurricanes Katrina and Sandy, it quickly became evident a disturbance in one system can impact other networks in ways that are both unexpected and undesirable. Such outcomes put engineering designers and urban planners (decision makers) in a tough spot where quantitative decision-making regarding the adequacy of system infrastructure is complicated by the presence of newfound system interactions. This paper takes a first step toward providing designers and planners with computational support for simulation of distributed system behaviours with system-level interactions. We describe an experimental software prototype for distributed event-based system behaviour modelling with ontologies, rules checking and message passing mechanisms. Key features of the software architecture are demonstrated through the development of two scenarios: (1) A family interacting with a school system, and (2) Simulation of adjustments to the Washington DC Metro System schedule in response to a severe storm. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1877050915002951 Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 8296 Author: Edson Oliveira, Jr. and Allian, Ana P. Year: 2015 Title: Do Reference Architectures can Contribute to Standardizing Variability Management Tools? Conference Name: Proceedings of the 1st International Workshop on Exploring Component-based Techniques for Constructing Reference Architectures Conference Location: Montréal, QC, Canada Publisher: ACM Pages: 9-12 DOI: 10.1145/2755567.2755568 Place Published: 2755568 Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9499 Author: Oliveira, E. and Allian, A. P. Year of Conference: 2015 Title: Do reference architectures can contribute to standardizing variability management tools? Conference Name: 2015 1st International Workshop on Exploring Component-based Techniques for Constructing Reference Architectures (CobRA) Pages: 1-4 Date: 4-8 May 2015 Short Title: Do reference architectures can contribute to standardizing variability management tools? Keywords: open systems software architecture software product lines software reusability software tools VM tools interoperability mass customization product customization product derivation product standardization reference architectures software products variability management tool standardization Analytical models Computer architecture Documentation Industries Software Standardization Systematics Variability Management Tools Abstract: Variability Management (VM) is one of the core activities for the success of software reuse. Several VM tools developed in academia and industry support mass customization of new software products and decrease time to market. Despite of a signi cant number of VM tools, in most cases, industry has adopted different techniques for managing variability, including producing their own tools. Such a heterogeneity provides difficulties in establishing VM, product customization and derivation, and standardization. From another perspective, reference architectures (RA) are a special type of software architecture as it encompasses specific domain knowledge, making it easier the development, standardization and evolution of software systems. Concepts from reference architectures can mitigate the lacking of VM tools standardization. Therefore, this position paper presents a vision towards supporting architectural standardization of VM tools, through reference architectures, for achieving a well-recognized understanding of such a domain and promoting reuse of design expertise. In this context, the main contribution of this paper is providing a discussion with regard to reference architectures and variability management tools towards supporting answering the following research question: Do reference architectures can contribute to standardizing VM tools?". Such standardization is useful as it fosters interoperability and reuse. Notes: Focusing on tools Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 8210 Author: Yskout, Koen, Scandariato, Riccardo and Joosen, Wouter Year: 2015 Title: Do security patterns really help designers? Conference Name: Proceedings of the 37th International Conference on Software Engineering - Volume 1 Conference Location: Florence, Italy Publisher: IEEE Press Pages: 292-302 Place Published: 2818792 Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9367 Author: Yskout, K., Scandariato, R. and Joosen, W. Year of Conference: 2015 Title: Do Security Patterns Really Help Designers? Conference Name: 2015 IEEE/ACM 37th IEEE International Conference on Software Engineering Volume: 1 Pages: 292-302 Date: 16-24 May 2015 Short Title: Do Security Patterns Really Help Designers? ISBN: 0270-5257 DOI: 10.1109/ICSE.2015.49 Keywords: security of data software architecture realistically-sized banking system security pattern software design Banking Context IEEE catalogs Productivity Security Software Training Abstract: Security patterns are well-known solutions to security-specific problems. They are often claimed to benefit designers without much security expertise. We have performed an empirical study to investigate whether the usage of security patterns by such an audience leads to a more secure design, or to an increased productivity of the designers. Our study involved 32 teams of master students enrolled in a course on software architecture, working on the design of a realistically-sized banking system. Irrespective of whether the teams were using security patterns, we have not been able to detect a difference between the two treatment groups. However, the teams prefer to work with the support of security patterns. Notes: students Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 8784 Author: Ninh, A. Q. Year of Conference: 2014 Title: DocBot: A novel clinical decision support algorithm Conference Name: 2014 36th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society Pages: 6290-6293 Date: 26-30 Aug. 2014 Short Title: DocBot: A novel clinical decision support algorithm ISBN: 1094-687X DOI: 10.1109/EMBC.2014.6945067 Keywords: Internet decision making decision support systems electronic health records human computer interaction hypermedia markup languages medical computing software architecture user interfaces CDSS DocBot HTML interfaces Web-based clinical decision support system demographic information electronic health record analytics etiologically relevant binary decision questions medical assessments patient analysis patient information patient interaction preclinical form specialist referrals symptomatic information treatment plans Arrays Databases Diseases Medical diagnostic imaging Abstract: DocBot is a web-based clinical decision support system (CDSS) that uses patient interaction and electronic health record analytics to assist medical practitioners with decision making. It consists of two distinct HTML interfaces: a preclinical form wherein a patient inputs symptomatic and demographic information, and an interface wherein a medical practitioner views patient information and analysis. DocBot comprises an improved software architecture that uses patient information, electronic health records, and etiologically relevant binary decision questions (stored in a knowledgebase) to provide medical practitioners with information including, but not limited to medical assessments, treatment plans, and specialist referrals. Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 7853 Author: Ovaska, Eila and Raibulet, Claudia Year: 2010 Title: Doctoral Symposium of the European Conference on Software Architecture 2010 Conference Name: Proceedings of the Fourth European Conference on Software Architecture: Companion Volume Conference Location: Copenhagen, Denmark Publisher: ACM Pages: 1-3 DOI: 10.1145/1842752.1842754 Place Published: 1842754 Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9101 Author: Stettina, C. J., Heijstek, W. and Fægri, T. E. Year of Conference: 2012 Title: Documentation Work in Agile Teams: The Role of Documentation Formalism in Achieving a Sustainable Practice Conference Name: 2012 Agile Conference Pages: 31-40 Date: 13-17 Aug. 2012 Short Title: Documentation Work in Agile Teams: The Role of Documentation Formalism in Achieving a Sustainable Practice DOI: 10.1109/Agile.2012.7 Keywords: Unified Modeling Language software architecture software prototyping sustainable development system documentation RUP templates SAD group UML group agile software development agile teams documentation allocation documentation formalism role documentation work high-level software architecture iterative documentation practices low-level software design sustainable practice task specialization textual description textual documentation Documentation Encoding Software design Teamwork knowledge sharing organizational management and coordination process improvement project management software development Abstract: As its second guiding principle, agile software development promotes working software over comprehensive documentation. In this paper we investigate alignment between two different documentation practices and agile development. We report upon an experiment conducted to explore the impact of formalism and media type on various dimensions of documentation practice in agile teams. 28 students in 8 teams were divided into two groups: SAD and UML. Group SAD was to update and deliver their high-level software architecture in form of a textual description defined by RUP templates. Group UML was instructed to update and deliver their low-level software design in form of UML models. Our results show that iterative documentation practices led to more extensive and more detailed textual documentation. We found that writing documentation was perceived as a intrusive task leading to task specialization and allocation of documentation to less qualified team members. Consequently, this hampered collaboration within the team. Based in our findings, we suggest that if documentation is to be delivered with the project, producing documentation should be communicated and accepted by the team as a proper product. Furthermore, we argue that codification of internal development knowledge should be a non-intrusive task. Notes: just about documentation as a product Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8271 Author: Overmyer, S. P. Year: 1990 Title: DoD-Std-2167A and methodologies Journal: SIGSOFT Softw. Eng. Notes Volume: 15 Issue: 5 Pages: 50-59 Short Title: DoD-Std-2167A and methodologies ISSN: 0163-5948 DOI: 10.1145/101328.101338 Legal Note: 101338 Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8568 Author: Das, Sudeshna, Ray, Deepshikha and Banerjee, Mallika Year: 2011 Title: Does hallucination affect vigilance performance in schizophrenia? An exploratory study Journal: Asian Journal of Psychiatry Volume: 4 Issue: 3 Pages: 196-202 Date: 9// Short Title: Does hallucination affect vigilance performance in schizophrenia? An exploratory study ISSN: 1876-2018 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajp.2011.05.015 Keywords: Schizophrenia Auditory verbal hallucination Vigilance Abstract: The present study investigates the role of “auditory verbal hallucination” (AVH) in the attentional processes of individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia compared with healthy participants. The sample consisted of 26 participants diagnosed with schizophrenia divided into – “schizophrenia with hallucination” (N = 12) and “schizophrenia without hallucination” (N = 14). 13 matched healthy participants were taken. A general health questionnaire was used to screen out psychiatric morbidity in healthy participants. The presence and/or absence of AVH were substantiated through the administration of the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS). Only individuals having higher composite scores in the positive scale were included. Edinburgh Handedness Inventory was administered to all participants. Software designed to measure vigilance was used to assess attentional deficits in the three groups included in the study. The complexity of the “vigilance task” was varied across three parameters: (1) spatial position of the target stimulus and buffer, (2) frequency of the target stimulus and buffer and (3) colour of target stimulus and buffer. The performances of the 3 groups were compared statistically in terms of Hit, Miss and False Alarm scores. Results revealed that schizophrenia patients are deficient as compared to their healthy counterparts in the ability to focus on a specific target while inhibiting non-relevant information across all conditions. Also, schizophrenia patients who have AVH are relatively more deficient as compared to the schizophrenia patients without AVH. It can be concluded that perceptual abnormality in schizophrenia patients with hallucination has an additional negative impact on attentional processes. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1876201811000761 Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8640 Author: Kang, Soon Ju and Chien, Sung Il Year: 1998 Title: Domain-specific design of a non-destructive health monitoring expert system Journal: Expert Systems with Applications Volume: 14 Issue: 3 Pages: 385-397 Date: 4// Short Title: Domain-specific design of a non-destructive health monitoring expert system ISSN: 0957-4174 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0957-4174(97)00091-2 Abstract: This paper introduces a signal-to-symbol transformation model and proposes a corresponding software architecture for implementing an event-synchronous flaw signal diagnostic mechanism in a health monitoring expert system. In the proposed concept, to filter out input signal data effectively, and to modularize the process of knowledge processing and elicitation, the task of inspection can be delegated to two knowledge spaces each of which has a proper knowledge processing scheme to match the properties of its own task. The task for representing signal-specific knowledge which detects the signal patterns (events) leading to any harmful flaw is implemented by integrating a symbolic representation and syntactic parsing concept based on fuzzy set theory. The task for domain-specific knowledge evaluating the characteristics of the events is built based upon a rule-based expert system concept on the top of the fuzzy symbolic processing architecture. To propose a guideline of system integration, the signal-specific knowledge and domain-specific knowledge are conceptually modeled using object-oriented abstraction hierarchy. The proposed architecture has been verified by implementing a prototype which was developed to automatically interpret non-destructive evaluation signals for inspecting health of tubes used in nuclear power plants. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0957417497000912 Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 8073 Author: Schefer-Wenzl, Sigrid and Feiertag, Katharina Year: 2014 Title: A Domain-Specific Language for XML Security Standards Conference Name: Proceedings of the 2014 European Conference on Software Architecture Workshops Conference Location: Vienna, Austria Publisher: ACM Pages: 1-7 DOI: 10.1145/2642803.2642821 Place Published: 2642821 Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 9029 Author: Hayes-Roth, B., Pfleger, K., Lalanda, P., Morignot, P. and Balabanovic, M. Year: 1995 Title: A domain-specific software architecture for adaptive intelligent systems Journal: IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering Volume: 21 Issue: 4 Pages: 288-301 Short Title: A domain-specific software architecture for adaptive intelligent systems ISSN: 0098-5589 DOI: 10.1109/32.385968 Keywords: adaptive systems blackboard architecture mobile robots office automation reconfigurable architectures software agents software engineering software reusability adaptive intelligent systems application configuration method application system development automatic configuration domain-specific software architecture expertise decomposition functional requirements highly reusable components intelligent agents layered architecture library components selection mobile office robots pipe and filter architecture reference architecture software engineering principles software reuse system reconfiguration Application software Computer architecture Decision support systems Filters Intelligent systems Software architecture Software libraries Teleworking Abstract: A good software architecture facilitates application system development, promotes achievement of functional requirements, and supports system reconfiguration. We present a domain-specific software architecture (DSSA) that we have developed for a large application domain of adaptive intelligent systems (AISs). The DSSA provides: (a) an AIS reference architecture designed to meet the functional requirements shared by applications in this domain, (b) principles for decomposing expertise into highly reusable components, and (c) an application configuration method for selecting relevant components from a library and automatically configuring instances of those components in an instance of the architecture. The AIS reference architecture incorporates features of layered, pipe and filter, and blackboard style architectures. We describe three studies demonstrating the utility of our architecture in the subdomain of mobile office robots and identify software engineering principles embodied in the architecture Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9189 Author: Zhang, R., Han, H. and Liang, Xiuxia Year of Conference: 2012 Title: Driving special interest group via project & cultivating talents to be expert in one thing and good at many Conference Name: 2012 International Symposium on Information Technologies in Medicine and Education Volume: 1 Pages: 199-203 Date: 3-5 Aug. 2012 Short Title: Driving special interest group via project & cultivating talents to be expert in one thing and good at many DOI: 10.1109/ITiME.2012.6291280 Keywords: educational institutions further education Qilu undergraduate contest Shandong province key laboratory of digital media college students employment foreign language higher education popularization progress software design special interest group talent cultivation universities Training expert in one thing and good at many project-driven Abstract: On the difficult problem of college students employment, we deeply analyze questions in the popularization progress of our country's higher education, and difference between talents needed and those trained in university. Then, according to our own advantages, we present talents training model of “driving special interest group via project & cultivating talents to be expert in one thing and good at many” based on the mode of “good foundation and wide knowledge”. Over the years, Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Digital Media has developed a new route for practicing the model, which is to organize and cultivate the students by the mode of “driving special interest group via project” relying on the advantages of research, project, equipment and personnel. More significantly, the model has now been populated in many universities through the competition of Qilu Undergraduate Contest on Software Design and Foreign Language. Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8367 Author: Sheard, Tim, Benaissa, Zine-el-abidine and Pasalic, Emir Year: 1999 Title: DSL implementation using staging and monads Journal: SIGPLAN Not. Volume: 35 Issue: 1 Pages: 81-94 Short Title: DSL implementation using staging and monads ISSN: 0362-1340 DOI: 10.1145/331963.331975 Legal Note: 331975 Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 8368 Author: Sheard, Tim, Benaissa, Zine-el-abidine and Pasalic, Emir Year: 1999 Title: DSL implementation using staging and monads Conference Name: Proceedings of the 2nd conference on Domain-specific languages Conference Location: Austin, Texas, USA Publisher: ACM Pages: 81-94 DOI: 10.1145/331960.331975 Place Published: 331975 Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9564 Author: Li, L. Year of Conference: 2014 Title: DSP based digital control system implementation of permanent magnet synchronous motor Conference Name: The 26th Chinese Control and Decision Conference (2014 CCDC) Pages: 3527-3531 Date: May 31 2014-June 2 2014 Short Title: DSP based digital control system implementation of permanent magnet synchronous motor ISBN: 1948-9439 DOI: 10.1109/CCDC.2014.6852790 Keywords: PI control control system synthesis digital control digital signal processing chips machine vector control permanent magnet motors synchronous motors AC servo system C language CCS_3.3 DSP based digital control system implementation PI controller design PMSM TMS320F2812 DSP controller board drive board permanent magnet synchronous motor vector control Algorithms Control systems Digital signal processing Software Space vector pulse width modulation DSP hardware circuits design software design Abstract: The permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) with high efficiency, high power factor, high control accuracy, high torque inertia, larger speed range and good torque smoothness, and a series of advantages, is playing a very important role in AC servo system. Based on vector control, a PI controller is designed to improve the control performance of permanent magnet synchronous motor. In order to realize the designed controller, a controller board based on TMS320F2812 DSP and a drive board is designed, the software is developed in C language on CCS_3.3 and the experimental results are debugged on the hardware platforms with software systems. The experimental results shows that the steady-state accuracy of the controller designed is higher and the overshoot is very small, which demonstrate the effectiveness of the controller designed in this paper and lay a software and hardware foundation for further study. Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9249 Author: Xue, Lin Year of Conference: 2010 Title: Dynamic software design of portable data acquisition system Conference Name: 2010 2nd International Conference on Computer Engineering and Technology Volume: 6 Pages: V6-535-V6-538 Date: 16-18 April 2010 Short Title: Dynamic software design of portable data acquisition system DOI: 10.1109/ICCET.2010.5486084 Keywords: Unified Modeling Language data acquisition software reusability component model computer technology domain model dynamic model dynamic software design embedded-based portable data acquisition system generation object-oriented analysis software model system case model Communication system control Current measurement Design methodology Displays Instruments Object oriented modeling Software design Space technology data acquisition system dynamic software model portable Abstract: With the development of computer technology, the role data acquisition system played in equipment check system is particularly prominent. Embedded-based portable data acquisition system generation makes the function of the data acquisition system further expanded. Based on the object-oriented analysis and design methods, this paper uses software reuse ideas and a unified modeling language, component technology to design the portable data acquisition system software model, and carry out a certain amount of research of the system case model, domain model, dynamic model and component model. Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8615 Author: Cao, Jian, Wang, Jie, Zhang, Shensheng and Li, Minglu Year: 2004 Title: A dynamically reconfigurable system based on workflow and service agents Journal: Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence Volume: 17 Issue: 7 Pages: 771-782 Date: 10// Short Title: A dynamically reconfigurable system based on workflow and service agents ISSN: 0952-1976 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engappai.2004.08.030 Keywords: Autonomic computing Service Service agent Workflow Abstract: Most mission critical software systems are being built by integrating multiple distributed components. A software service, which is self-described and managed, and can be discovered and invoked dynamically through the Internet, provides a new paradigm for the composition of software systems. As a consequence, services and service-oriented software architecture will play fundamental roles in autonomic computing, which promotes the concept of self-management for software systems. To support self-managed and service-based software systems, a critical issue is how to deal with the service-oriented architecture to support dynamically reconfiguration. A service-based dynamically reconfigurable system framework for supporting future self-managed software systems was proposed in the paper. In the framework, a service agent represents an intelligent service broker that offers a self-managed and integrated service to respond to the requests from the environment adaptively. A workflow engine in this framework coordinates these service agents to implement particular business functions. The structure of the service agent, including its plan model, the relevant reconfiguration method and a service optimization mechanism, were discussed in the paper. A case study and an implementation were also presented. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0952197604001150 Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8403 Author: Jahnke, Isa Year: 2010 Title: Dynamics of social roles in a knowledge management community Journal: Computers in Human Behavior Volume: 26 Issue: 4 Pages: 533-546 Date: 7// Short Title: Dynamics of social roles in a knowledge management community ISSN: 0747-5632 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2009.08.010 Keywords: Socio-Technical Communities Roles Social structures Community change Design-based research Qualitative paradigm Abstract: With the emergence of community-oriented Information and Communication Technology (ICT) applications, e.g., Wikipedia, the popularity of socio-technical phenomena in society has increased. This development emphasises the need to further our understanding of how computer-supported social group structures change over time and what forms emerge. This contribution presents the results of a qualitative field study of a Socio-Technical Community (STC). The STC is described from its founding (in 2001) to its sustainable development (in 2006) as well as its transformation phase (2007–2008). The design-based research approach revealed changes of social structures by social roles within the STC over time. The central conclusion is that such STC’s – networks of computer-mediated communication and human interaction – evolve a specific kind of social structure, which is formal rather than informal. The results indicate that a group evolves from an informal trust-based community with few formal roles to a STC where the social mechanisms, and not the software architecture, supports knowledge management processes. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0747563209001411 Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9310 Author: Abajian, V., Mahe, S. A., Matte-Tailliez, O. and Ghitalla, F. Year of Conference: 2008 Title: E-Archaeology+: An integrated expert system dedicated to Archaeology Conference Name: 2008 3rd International Conference on Information and Communication Technologies: From Theory to Applications Pages: 1-4 Date: 7-11 April 2008 Short Title: E-Archaeology+: An integrated expert system dedicated to Archaeology DOI: 10.1109/ICTTA.2008.4529903 Keywords: archaeology expert systems system documentation Syria Vicken Abajian archaeology data capture e-archaeology integrated documentation theory integrated expert system Automation Data mining Documentation Electronic learning Management information systems Process design Project management Spatial databases Web server database electronic archaeology information system software design text-mining web-mining Abstract: E-archaeology is a project born in Syria and developed initially by Vicken Abajian. The project is related to document antiquities and monuments management. Globally, E-archaeology appears as an expert system of archaeology data capture, storage and analysis. We can experiment with it in the large in a particularly complex, archeologically speaking, country: Syria with an interesting international activity. It is design to improve communication between archaeologists working in museums, archaeological sites and research departments. Hence, a network of databases is put forward with an original conceptual structure scheme called Integrated Documentation Theory to integrate all the information about the antiquities and the possibility of tracking it. E-archeology is not only a data bases manager: different additional features are to be added to introduce e-learning, web data mining, graphical tools and friendly user-interfaces. Thus appears E-archaeology+ which aims to be a universal tool with up to date high technology. Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8706 Author: Berrocal, Javier, Garcia-Alonso, Jose, Vicente-Chicote, Cristina, Hernández, Juan, Mikkonen, Tommi, Canal, Carlos and Murillo, Juan M. Year: 2017 Title: Early analysis of resource consumption patterns in mobile applications Journal: Pervasive and Mobile Computing Volume: 35 Pages: 32-50 Date: 2// Short Title: Early analysis of resource consumption patterns in mobile applications ISSN: 1574-1192 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pmcj.2016.06.011 Keywords: Mobile software architecture Resource consumption Resource estimation Mobile-centric Abstract: Mobile device capabilities have increased tremendously in recent years, and the complexity of the applications executed in these devices has evolved accordingly. However, despite the efforts made by mobile manufactures, resource consumption, particularly battery and data traffic, are still limiting factors for mobile applications. The most important aspects determining the consumption of a mobile application is its software architecture and its behaviour. Hence, by comparing the resource consumption of different software architectures before an application is built, mobile developers can make decisions that are better informed. This work presents the consumption analysis of two applications, each of them built with two different architectures in order to identify under which situation each architecture is more efficient. In addition, by generalizing the analysis of the two applications, a conceptual framework is created with which to analyse the consumption pattern of applications in their early development phases. This conceptual framework will allow mobile developers to estimate the resource consumption of their applications under different conditions of software architecture and usage scenarios, providing them with information relevant for decision making. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1574119216300797 Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 9471 Author: Karimpour, J., Isazadeh, A. and Izadkhah, H. Year: 2013 Title: Early performance assessment in component-based software systems Journal: IET Software Volume: 7 Issue: 2 Pages: 118-128 Short Title: Early performance assessment in component-based software systems ISSN: 1751-8806 DOI: 10.1049/iet-sen.2011.0143 Abstract: Most techniques used to assess the qualitative characteristics of software are done in testing phase of software development. Assessment of performance in the early software development process is particularly important to risk management. Software architecture, as the first product, plays an important role in the development of the complex software systems. Using software architecture, quality attributes (such as performance, reliability and security) can be evaluated at the early stages of the software development. In this study, the authors present a framework for taking the advantages of architectural description to evaluate software performance. To do so, the authors describe static structure and architectural behaviour of a software system as the sequence diagram and the component diagram of the Unified Modelling Language (UML), respectively; then, the described model is automatically converted into the 'interface automata', which provides the formal foundation for the evaluation. Finally, the evaluation of architectural performance is performed using 'queuing theory'. The proposed framework can help the software architect to choose an appropriate architecture in terms of quality or remind him/her of making necessary changes in the selected architecture. The main difference among the proposed method and other methods is that the proposed method benefits the informal description methods, such as UML, to describe the architecture of software systems; it also enjoys a formal and lightweight language, called 'interface automata' to provide the infrastructure for verification and evaluation. Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8483 Author: Zheng, Kai, Vydiswaran, V. G. Vinod, Liu, Yang, Wang, Yue, Stubbs, Amber, Uzuner, Özlem, Gururaj, Anupama E., Bayer, Samuel, Aberdeen, John, Rumshisky, Anna, Pakhomov, Serguei, Liu, Hongfang and Xu, Hua Year: 2015 Title: Ease of adoption of clinical natural language processing software: An evaluation of five systems Journal: Journal of Biomedical Informatics Volume: 58, Supplement Pages: S189-S196 Date: 12// Short Title: Ease of adoption of clinical natural language processing software: An evaluation of five systems ISSN: 1532-0464 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbi.2015.07.008 Keywords: Usability Human–computer interaction User-computer interface [L01.224.900.910] Software design [L01.224.900.820] Software validation [L01.224.900.868] Natural language processing [L01.224.065.580] Abstract: AbstractObjective In recognition of potential barriers that may inhibit the widespread adoption of biomedical software, the 2014 i2b2 Challenge introduced a special track, Track 3 – Software Usability Assessment, in order to develop a better understanding of the adoption issues that might be associated with the state-of-the-art clinical NLP systems. This paper reports the ease of adoption assessment methods we developed for this track, and the results of evaluating five clinical NLP system submissions. Materials and methods A team of human evaluators performed a series of scripted adoptability test tasks with each of the participating systems. The evaluation team consisted of four “expert evaluators” with training in computer science, and eight “end user evaluators” with mixed backgrounds in medicine, nursing, pharmacy, and health informatics. We assessed how easy it is to adopt the submitted systems along the following three dimensions: communication effectiveness (i.e., how effective a system is in communicating its designed objectives to intended audience), effort required to install, and effort required to use. We used a formal software usability testing tool, TURF, to record the evaluators’ interactions with the systems and ‘think-aloud’ data revealing their thought processes when installing and using the systems and when resolving unexpected issues. Results Overall, the ease of adoption ratings that the five systems received are unsatisfactory. Installation of some of the systems proved to be rather difficult, and some systems failed to adequately communicate their designed objectives to intended adopters. Further, the average ratings provided by the end user evaluators on ease of use and ease of interpreting output are −0.35 and −0.53, respectively, indicating that this group of users generally deemed the systems extremely difficult to work with. While the ratings provided by the expert evaluators are higher, 0.6 and 0.45, respectively, these ratings are still low indicating that they also experienced considerable struggles. Discussion The results of the Track 3 evaluation show that the adoptability of the five participating clinical NLP systems has a great margin for improvement. Remedy strategies suggested by the evaluators included (1) more detailed and operation system specific use instructions; (2) provision of more pertinent onscreen feedback for easier diagnosis of problems; (3) including screen walk-throughs in use instructions so users know what to expect and what might have gone wrong; (4) avoiding jargon and acronyms in materials intended for end users; and (5) packaging prerequisites required within software distributions so that prospective adopters of the software do not have to obtain each of the third-party components on their own. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1532046415001483 Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 8778 Author: Jalbert, J., Shevenell, M., Chappel, S., Welsh, R. and Blidberg, R. Year of Conference: 1988 Title: EAVE III-untethered AUV submersible Conference Name: OCEANS '88. A Partnership of Marine Interests. Proceedings Pages: 1259-1264 vol.4 Date: 31 Oct-2 Nov 1988 Short Title: EAVE III-untethered AUV submersible DOI: 10.1109/OCEANS.1988.23696 Keywords: automatic guided vehicles computerised control marine systems EAVE III adaptable autonomous testbed automated decision making autonomous underwater vehicle intervehicle communication multivehicle cooperation sensor subsystems software architecture untethered AUV submersible vehicle performance Automatic testing Automotive engineering Decision making Design engineering Laboratories Remotely operated vehicles Sensor phenomena and characterization Sensor systems Systems engineering and theory Underwater vehicles Abstract: The Marine Systems Engineering Laboratory of the University of New Hampshire designed and constructed two untethered AUV (autonomous underwater vehicle) submersibles (referred to as EAVE III) in 1987. These vehicles were designed as testbeds for the investigation and demonstration of several concepts including multivehicle cooperation, intervehicle communication, and automated decision making. These vehicles are designed such that additional sensors and software can be included to augment the system and make it an adaptable autonomous testbed. The authors describe the basic system hardware and software architecture as well as the existing sensor subsystems. They describe results of underwater tests conducted in the fall of 1987 with respect to preliminary sensor and vehicle performance. They also describe plans for future developments and important concept tests of these vehicles Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8394 Author: Shneiderman, Ben and Carroll, John M. Year: 1988 Title: Ecological studies of professional programmers Journal: Commun. ACM Volume: 31 Issue: 11 Pages: 1256-1258 Short Title: Ecological studies of professional programmers ISSN: 0001-0782 DOI: 10.1145/50087.214900 Legal Note: 214900 Abstract: For over two decades, software psychology researchers have been developing insights to software productivity and quality by investigating builders and users of software. This research has been diverse in both its approach and its impacts. It has introduced systematic behavioral measurement into the software development process and into research on new software techniques and technologies, and has also opened up new social and cognitive interpretations of software processes [5, 12]. We now see evidence of a new thrust in software psychology coming to the fore, one in which usability researchers are direct participants in the definition and creation of new software artifacts. We call this paradigm Ecological Design, to emphasize (1) that realistic software situations are being confronted on their own terms, and (2) that the work is directed toward design results, not merely toward evaluation and description in the service of design goals. The reorientation towards studying teamwork was prompted in 1971 by Weinberg and followed by a few researchers at that time, but the movement has accelerated with the recent and intense interest in computer supported collaborative work [15]. This was apparent in the papers presented at the two workshops on Empirical Studies of Programmers [10, 13]. An accompanying shift has also occurred in the software engineering community. The traditional waterfall model of software development with the precise specification of a provable topdown design is giving way to newer exploratory styles of program development that emphasize rapid prototyping and iterative refinement. The shift from product to process also puts greater emphasis on team organization, group processes, management policies, reusability, development tools, design methods, debugging strategies, and maintenance [6]. The three papers in this special section exemplify this new paradigm. Rosson, Maass, and Kellogg and Curtis, Krasner, and Iscoe describe highly qualitative studies of professional designers that produced specific technical proposals for improving software tools and the coordination of project management, an assessment of major bottlenecks, and a new framework for thinking about software design as a learning and communication process. Soloway, Pinto, Letovsky, Littman, and Lampert describe the design and exploration of software documentation that grew out of similarly qualitative studies of program maintenance. We caution that this research paradigm is still in its infancy: setting design requirements and developing prototypes are not traditional activities of psychological researchers. These roles are still emerging, still being reconciled with the earlier paradigms. The particular projects highlighted here are only the beginning; the field continues to evolve, as more researchers are attracted, as more topics are explored, as more methods are developed. Thus, despite the shortcomings of any particular project, the trajectory of this paradigm seems clear to us: it is the development of ideas that directly impact productivity and quality in software. Indeed, part of our intention in presenting this special section is to encourage more and more rapid development of the new paradigm. Notes: several studies, not a single one... Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9269 Author: Tomášek, M. and Trelová, J. Year of Conference: 2012 Title: An e-commerce applications based on the multi-agent system Conference Name: 2012 IEEE 10th International Conference on Emerging eLearning Technologies and Applications (ICETA) Pages: 391-394 Date: 8-9 Nov. 2012 Short Title: An e-commerce applications based on the multi-agent system DOI: 10.1109/ICETA.2012.6418298 Keywords: consumer behaviour distributed processing electronic commerce multi-agent systems software agents software architecture autonomous functional components consumer buying behavior application distributed computational system distributed computational system abstractions e-commerce applications interaction patterns multiagent system Computer architecture Internet Marketing and sales Mobile agents Multiagent systems User interfaces Abstract: In this paper we describe a multi-agent system which implements distributed computational system. The software architecture identifies distributed locations as abstractions of distributed computational system and various software agents as abstractions of different autonomous functional components. The interactions among agents within a system are the most critical for the application. Most common and one of the elementary types of e-commerce applications is consumer buying behavior. We propose a model of a general consumer buying behavior application using general multi-agent system to examine its expressiveness. By identifying specific roles of software agents and designing new specific interaction patterns for them we implement the commercial model. Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 7960 Author: Clements, Paul C. Year: 2007 Title: An Economic Model for Software Architecture Decisions Conference Name: Proceedings of the First International Workshop on The Economics of Software and Computation Publisher: IEEE Computer Society Pages: 1 DOI: 10.1109/esc.2007.2 Place Published: 1268997 Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9448 Author: Clements, P. C. Year of Conference: 2007 Title: An Economic Model for Software Architecture Decisions Conference Name: 2007 First International Workshop on the Economics of Software and Computation Pages: 1-1 Date: 20-26 May 2007 Short Title: An Economic Model for Software Architecture Decisions DOI: 10.1109/ESC.2007.2 Keywords: decision making product development simulation languages software architecture software cost estimation software reusability economic modeling language software product line Application software Assembly Computer architecture Cost function Documentation Software design Software engineering Software testing Abstract: Software architecture is touted as essential for system development, but its benefits are almost never quantified. Further, architects are faced with decisions about architecture (such as deciding when an architecture has outlived its usefulness) that should be answered on an economic basis. This paper presents an simple economic modeling language that has been useful in the realm of software product lines, and argues that a similar language would be equally useful in the realm of architecture decision-making. Notes: economic not interest Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8858 Author: Booch, G. Year: 2007 Title: The Economics of Architecture-First Journal: IEEE Software Volume: 24 Issue: 5 Pages: 18-20 Short Title: The Economics of Architecture-First ISSN: 0740-7459 DOI: 10.1109/MS.2007.146 Keywords: economics software architecture agile software development process architecture-first approach software life cycle software-intensive system architecture Acceleration Command and control systems Companies Computer architecture Costs Defense industry History Intellectual property Investments Resilience best practices software economics Abstract: Architecture is an artifact that's governed throughout the software life cycle - from conception through development to deployment and finally evolution, then to adaptation, assimilation, replacement, or abandonment. Similarly, the architect, either as an individual, a role, or a team, lovingly crafts, grows, and governs that architecture as it emerges from the thousands of individual design decisions of which it's composed. In this sense, an architecture-first approach appears to be a reflection of sound development practices. Now, strict agilists might counter that an architecture-first approach is undesirable because we should allow a system's architecture to emerge over time. More than just a reflection, however, a software development process that swirls around the growth of a software-intensive system's architecture has considerable material value. Notes: More overall structure and growing of architecture, not focused enough Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9221 Author: Hiwatashi, T. Year of Conference: 1999 Title: EDA Roadmap in Japan Conference Name: Design Automation Conference, 1999. Proceedings of the ASP-DAC '99. Asia and South Pacific Pages: 5 suppl. Date: 18-21 Jan 1999 Short Title: EDA Roadmap in Japan DOI: 10.1109/ASPDAC.1999.760039 Keywords: consumer electronics electronic design automation integrated circuit design large scale integration technological forecasting Cyber-Giga-Chip EDA Roadmap EIAJ Japan To Be solutions algorithm design consumer portable information applications design methodologies design procedure domestic semiconductor industry hardware design physical implementation design product life cycle software design system LSI design time-to-market design style working group Algorithm design and analysis Design engineering Design methodology Electronic design automation and methodology Electronics industry Hardware Humans Time to market Abstract: The system LSI design in the future would be focused on an entire design procedure from algorithm design through physical implementation design. Revolutionary design methodologies are required from various aspects, such as software design accomplished in parallel with hardware design, built-in analog/sensor functionality of human interface and shorter time-to-market design style because of shorter product life cycle. Under the above situation, EDA Technical Committee in EIAJ (Electronic Industries Association of Japan) organized “EDA Vision Working Group” for investigation of desired design methodologies of system LSIs in 2002. Started in September 1996, the working group has completed “EDA Technology Roadmap Toward 2002”. The working group defined targeted system LSIs called “Cyber-Giga-Chip”, which will be widely used in consumer portable information applications, and would be the major products in domestic semiconductor industry. EDA needs and corresponding requirements are studied through detailed interviews with advanced experts of LSI designers as well as EDA engineers. “EDA Technology Roadmap Toward 2002” finally summarizes those EDA requirements into a set of roadmaps which indicates potential To Be solutions needed toward 2002 or beyond. In the session, some essential contents and results in “EDA Technology Roadmap Toward 2002” will be presented, and also successive activities with EDA Roadmap in Japan addressed Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8449 Author: Satish, C. J. and Mahendran, Anand Title: The effect of 3D visualization on mainframe application maintenance: A controlled experiment Journal: Journal of King Saud University - Computer and Information Sciences Short Title: The effect of 3D visualization on mainframe application maintenance: A controlled experiment ISSN: 1319-1578 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jksuci.2017.03.003 Keywords: Software maintenance Software engineering 3D software visualization Software design extraction Abstract: Code written in 1960’s and 80’s are still being maintained by large software organizations. Such legacy systems play a significant role in supporting various data immense applications in banking, manufacturing, retail marketing, health care domains etc. The software maintenance engineer for such large systems has to undergo not trivial tasks of identifying and understanding relevant parts of system related to the developer/maintainer goals. As these systems were written before the evolution of software engineering principles, there is no standard documentation available for such systems and even best coding practices were not followed during the development of these systems. Hence, maintenance of such systems is a challenging task for young software engineers who need to spend a lot of time in comprehending the system before fixing the errors. The lack of tools that support legacy code comprehension makes the maintenance process to be time consuming and tedious. Our research is focused on understanding the impact of 3D software visualization for change impact analysis tasks on the mainframe during the maintenance phase. To conduct this research we have constructed a 3D visualization tool which generates a three dimensional call graph for a system written in COBOL using non immersive virtual reality (VRML). We have conducted a controlled experiment to test the effectiveness of the tool on subjects performing change impact analysis tasks. Our results show that subjects who used the tool performed more the tasks more accurately and faster than the group that did not use the tool. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1319157817300708 Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 8278 Author: Shihab, Emad, Bird, Christian and Zimmermann, Thomas Year: 2012 Title: The effect of branching strategies on software quality Conference Name: Proceedings of the ACM-IEEE international symposium on Empirical software engineering and measurement Conference Location: Lund, Sweden Publisher: ACM Pages: 301-310 DOI: 10.1145/2372251.2372305 Place Published: 2372305 Abstract: Branching plays a major role in the development process of large software. Branches provide isolation so that multiple pieces of the software system can be modified in parallel without affecting each other during times of instability. However, branching has its own issues. The need to move code across branches introduces addition-al overhead and branch use can lead to integration failures due to conflicts or unseen dependencies. Although branches are used ex-tensively in commercial and open source development projects, the effects that different branch strategies have on software quality are not yet well understood. In this paper, we present the first empirical study that evaluates and quantifies the relationship between soft-ware quality and various aspects of the branch structure used in a software project. We examine Windows Vista and Windows 7 and compare components that have different branch characteristics to quantify differences in quality. We also examine the effectiveness of two branching strategies -- branching according to the software architecture versus branching according to organizational structure. We find that, indeed, branching does have an effect on software quality and that misalignment of branching structure and organiza-tional structure is associated with higher post-release failure rates. Notes: focus on branching, not behavior research Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9604 Author: Shihab, E., Bird, C. and Zimmermann, T. Year of Conference: 2012 Title: The effect of branching strategies on software quality Conference Name: Proceedings of the 2012 ACM-IEEE International Symposium on Empirical Software Engineering and Measurement Pages: 301-310 Date: 20-21 Sept. 2012 Short Title: The effect of branching strategies on software quality ISBN: 1949-3770 DOI: 10.1145/2372251.2372305 Keywords: software architecture software quality Windows 7 Windows Vista branching strategy commercial software open source software organizational structure post-release failure rate software development process Computer architecture Entropy Linear regression Measurement Organizations Branching Quality Abstract: Branching plays a major role in the development process of large software. Branches provide isolation so that multiple pieces of the software system can be modified in parallel without affecting each other during times of instability. However, branching has its own issues. The need to move code across branches introduces additional overhead and branch use can lead to integration failures due to conflicts or unseen dependencies. Although branches are used extensively in commercial and open source development projects, the effects that different branch strategies have on software quality are not yet well understood. In this paper, we present the first empirical study that evaluates and quantifies the relationship between software quality and various aspects of the branch structure used in a software project. We examine Windows Vista and Windows 7 and compare components that have different branch characteristics to quantify differences in quality. We also examine the effectiveness of two branching strategies - branching according to the software architecture versus branching according to organizational structure. We find that, indeed, branching does have an effect on software quality and that misalignment of branching structure and organizational structure is associated with higher post-release failure rates. Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8766 Author: Kosaka, Takeshi and Hirouchi, Tetsuo Year: 1982 Title: An effective architecture for Decision Support Systems Journal: Information & Management Volume: 5 Issue: 1 Pages: 7-17 Date: // Short Title: An effective architecture for Decision Support Systems ISSN: 0378-7206 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0378-7206(82)90014-3 Keywords: Data base Decision Decision making Decision support system DSS Ease of used End user Evolution Learning Management support software Model Problem solving Software architecture Unstructured problem Abstract: Decision Support Systems (DSS) are, by nature, general- purpose systems, because they must support a variety of managers who have different decision styles and different problems. However, it seems that no effective general-purpose DSS have yet come into existence, although the components of DSS such as data base technology, modeling techniques, inexpensive graphic display etc., have progressed to the point where we should now be able to build effective DSS. This shortcoming seems to result from the following fact: Research on decision support has focused on data enlargement and model refinement, however, little attention has been paid to DSS architecture which integrates these components of DSS. It has not been well appreciated that DSS architecture itself facilitates learning about unstructured-problem solving and enables system evolution. In this paper, we propose a DSS architecture based on the study of unstructured-problem solving and considerations of the needs of managers as non-computer specialists. We illustrate this with a system realized using this architecture. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0378720682900143 Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9026 Author: Olsen, L. and Mirel, B. Year of Conference: 1997 Title: Effects of project documents on product usability: a study of writing in software projects Conference Name: Proceedings of IPCC 97. Communication Pages: 365-373 Date: 22-25 Oct 1997 Short Title: Effects of project documents on product usability: a study of writing in software projects DOI: 10.1109/IPCC.1997.637065 Keywords: computer science education educational courses human factors professional communication project management social aspects of automation teaching user centred design collaborative courses design course students design practices document analyses expert reviews interdisciplinary approach product usability project documents software design software engineering majors software projects student software technical communications course upper level project course usability usability processes usable products user centered beliefs user centered design user test results writing class Collaborative software Software engineering Software quality Testing Text analysis Writing Abstract: We designed and piloted a technical communications course for software engineering majors offered concurrently with the upper level project course in software design. A third of the design course students jointly enrolled in the writing class. One goal of the collaborative courses was to use writing to improve the quality and usability of students' software. We studied the effects of writing on students' user centered beliefs and design practices and on the usability of their products through surveys, document analyses, expert reviews, and user test results. When possible, we compared the usability processes and products of teams who took and did not take the writing class. Our findings show that the synergy resulting from this interdisciplinary approach effectively sensitized students to user centered design, instilled in them a commitment to it, and helped them develop usable products Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9518 Author: Lai, W. and Huang, X. Year of Conference: 2007 Title: An Efficient Approach for Building Web-based Courseware Conference Name: 2007 First IEEE International Symposium on Information Technologies and Applications in Education Pages: 260-263 Date: 23-25 Nov. 2007 Short Title: An Efficient Approach for Building Web-based Courseware DOI: 10.1109/ISITAE.2007.4409283 Keywords: Internet Web design courseware multimedia computing software architecture user interfaces Web developers Web site Web-based courseware audio-video facilities course designers multimedia system programmers teaching materials Buildings Computer architecture Education Programming profession Service oriented architecture Web page design Web courseware diagram navigation on-line learning user interface Abstract: The courseware development has moved to integrate multimedia into the Internet techniques. We think that the courseware design should not only concern about how to publish teaching materials on the Web and to integrate audio/video facilities, but also focus on other important issues, such as user interfaces and software architecture. In this paper, we present a general architecture for building a courseware Web site, identifying the different roles of system programmers, Web developers, and course designers. We emphasize the user interfaces is the crucial part for a courseware system. Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 8977 Author: Badesa, F. J., Pinto, M. L., Sabater, J. M., Azorin, J. M., Sofrony, J. and Cardenas, P. Year of Conference: 2009 Title: Efficient Collision Algorithm for the 3D Haptic Interaction with Solid Organs in Medical Environments Conference Name: 2009 Second International Conferences on Advances in Computer-Human Interactions Pages: 187-192 Date: 1-7 Feb. 2009 Short Title: Efficient Collision Algorithm for the 3D Haptic Interaction with Solid Organs in Medical Environments DOI: 10.1109/ACHI.2009.20 Keywords: haptic interfaces image reconstruction image segmentation medical image processing ray tracing rendering (computer graphics) software architecture 2D segmentation 3D haptic interaction collision detection algorithm haptic rendering algorithm haptic technology medical environments medical preoperative images medical procedure ray-tracing scheme surface 3D reconstruction surgical procedure Biomedical imaging Pipelines Solids Surface reconstruction Surgery Abstract: Using haptic (the sensing of touch) technology as an interface in medical and surgical procedures is a large interesting goal because of the benefits involved. This work presents a developed tool for evaluating the performance of a classic 2D-3D processing of a stack of medical preoperative images, and a new version of an efficient and simple algorithm for the integration of the haptic sense in a medical 3D environment generated from the 3D reconstruction. First of all, the developed tool for the 2D segmentation and 3D reconstruction is presented. The classical pipeline for surface 3D reconstruction is reviewed under a parametrical point of view. These parameters will play an important role in the analysis of the haptic behavior. Besides, all the parameters of the reconstruction are accessible and can be modified on-line during the reconstruction procedure. Later, the software architecture used for the integration of the haptic devices is described. The haptic rendering algorithm is detailed, including the collision detection algorithm (a simple ray-tracing scheme programmed using VTK capacities) that is used with the medical images. Finally, some results of the evaluation of the behavior of this algorithm are resumed. Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9123 Author: Aksyonov, K. A., Bykov, E. A., Smoliy, E. F., Sufrygina, E. M., Sheklein, A., Aksyonova, O. P. and Kai, W. Year of Conference: 2011 Title: Efficient Decision Support with Simulation-Based System BPsim.DSS: Advanced Simulation Techniques Conference Name: 2011 Second International Conference on Intelligent Systems, Modelling and Simulation Pages: 30-34 Date: 25-27 Jan. 2011 Short Title: Efficient Decision Support with Simulation-Based System BPsim.DSS: Advanced Simulation Techniques ISBN: 2166-0662 DOI: 10.1109/ISMS.2011.15 Keywords: business process re-engineering decision making decision support systems multi-agent systems BPsim.DSS advanced simulation techniques agent coalitions automated assistance business processes multi-agent simulation process definition apparatus resource conversion processes self-developed system simulation-based system Biological system modeling Information systems Object oriented modeling Software Unified modeling language BPsim Simulation agent coalition experiment design software design Abstract: Effective decision support assist greatly in many control and management processes. Many business processes may be easily formalized and simulated, allowing automated assistance in decision making. The paper describes research on current decision support systems with the self-developed system BPsim.DSS, based on multi-agent simulation of resource conversion processes, extended with additional functionality, including agent coalitions consideration, simulation experiment design, and assistance in model design. Process definition apparatus allows such approach to be applied to various kinds of business processes in many spheres of life. Some examples of deployment within different kinds of enterprises are provided, including economical effect estimation. Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 8042 Author: Kr, Ingolf H., #252, ger, Mathew, Reena and Meisinger, Michael Year: 2006 Title: Efficient exploration of service-oriented architectures using aspects Conference Name: Proceedings of the 28th international conference on Software engineering Conference Location: Shanghai, China Publisher: ACM Pages: 62-71 DOI: 10.1145/1134285.1134296 Place Published: 1134296 Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8460 Author: Concha, David, Espadas, Javier, Romero, David and Molina, Arturo Year: 2010 Title: The e-HUB evolution: From a Custom Software Architecture to a Software-as-a-Service implementation Journal: Computers in Industry Volume: 61 Issue: 2 Pages: 145-151 Date: 2// Short Title: The e-HUB evolution: From a Custom Software Architecture to a Software-as-a-Service implementation ISSN: 0166-3615 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compind.2009.10.010 Keywords: e-HUB e-Services Enterprise integration Software architecture Software-as-a-Service Abstract: New technological advances have enabled the creation of distributed collaborative industrial networks giving origin to new collaborative e-business models such as the Virtual Organisation (VO). These industrial networks require new Information and Communication Technologies Infrastructures (ICT-I) playing the intermediary role as the enablers of interoperation among their participant organisations. Furthermore, these networks require coordination and cooperation mechanism among its members which in turn can be supported through specific vertical applications deployed over a common platform. PyME CREATIVA was a project defined with the aim of playing the role of a service provider of an open technological platform named the e-HUB, providing a set of collaborative electronic solutions named the e-services, to support collaborative business processes among Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs). Till today, the e-HUB platform has proved to be a complete IT architecture able to satisfy SMEs technological requirements to get involved in collaborative business opportunities, nevertheless with the technology progress new opportunities appear to improve the way these e-services are delivered to the SMEs. This paper provides an insight into the benefits and implications of evolving the e-HUB architecture into new one based-on Software-as-a-Service (SaaS) premises. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0166361509002036 Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8413 Author: Tanković, Nikola, Galinac Grbac, Tihana and Žagar, Mario Year: 2017 Title: ElaClo: A framework for optimizing software application topology in the cloud environment Journal: Expert Systems with Applications Volume: 90 Pages: 62-86 Date: 12/30/ Short Title: ElaClo: A framework for optimizing software application topology in the cloud environment ISSN: 0957-4174 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eswa.2017.07.001 Keywords: Software architecture Cloud computing Service-oriented computing Application topology Service deployment Evolutionary optimization Abstract: Application architectures in the cloud employ elastic components, and achieve lower operating costs without sacrificing quality. Software architects strive to provide efficient services by deciding on software topology: a set of structural architectural decisions. For a given application, there can be numerous software topology alternatives creating the need for automated optimization methods. Current optimization approaches rely on experts providing application performance models built upfront, based on their experience and the requirements provided. While such techniques are effective and valuable, they require additional maintenance effort as the software evolves. This paper introduces ElaClo, a framework for optimizing application topologies in a cloud environment. ElaClo’s main contribution is in providing optimization in the software assembly phase from automatically extracted application models. ElaClo provides workload generation, monitoring, topology management, elasticity mechanisms, and algorithms to support the optimization process. We have implemented ElaClo as an expert tool and evaluated it on a real-life cloud application from the retailing business domain. ElaClo was used to select optimal topologies with regards to service response time objectives and infrastructure costs. The efficiency of the optimization process and the quality of optimization results were validated quantitatively on a set of optimization runs. Results demonstrate the effectiveness of the suggested framework in yielding optimal topologies. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0957417417304700 Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8517 Author: Kuklo, Cezary Year: 2000 Title: Elderly women in the cities of central europe in the eighteenth century Journal: The History of the Family Volume: 5 Issue: 4 Pages: 451-471 Date: 11// Short Title: Elderly women in the cities of central europe in the eighteenth century ISSN: 1081-602X DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S1081-602X(00)00055-5 Abstract: This study examines the elderly during the age of late feudalism in urban areas of Central Europe. Based on 1791 censuses carried out in six Polish towns (diversified both in size and functions), the author determines the population of older people by gender, marital status, and family position. The article also highlights the economic role of older women in the pre-industrial town. Calculations have been performed using software designed to process mass source data (e.g., censuses or birth, marriage, and death registers). URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1081602X00000555 Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8698 Author: Hapiot, J. C., Pradel, G. and Grandpierre, M. Year: 1989 Title: Electrical Machines Command Automation and Associated Expert Software Journal: IFAC Proceedings Volumes Volume: 22 Issue: 6 Pages: 529-536 Date: 7// Short Title: Electrical Machines Command Automation and Associated Expert Software ISSN: 1474-6670 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S1474-6670(17)54432-8 Keywords: electric drives power converters power system control computer interfaces artificial intelligence control system synthesis Abstract: This paper presents an Electrical Machines Command Automaton (E.M.C.A.) powered by a static converter and its associated expert software designed to help In application programming and development. The E.M.C.A. hardware and its use with the three main types of electric wheeling machines (D.C., synchronous and induction) are first presented. The associated expert software takes two approaches into account. The first one is built upon a dedicated control language which allows the user to test simple control laws. However, taking into account its low power and the safety of the static converter-machine set, another approach has been selected. This second approach transfers the knowledge used to develop a control law to the software. A model putting forward the knowledge used at the different levels of an electrical machine command unit is proposed. An expert system exploits the knowledge represented by means of frames and production rules. The frames stands for both the hardware of the E.M.C.A. and the assertional knowledge of the domain while production rules carry the operating knowledge about their use in a control law. The ultimate target of the current studies is to design and program an expert system for electrical machine applications URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1474667017544328 Reference Type: Book Section Record Number: 8697 Author: Hapiot, J. C., Pradel, G. and Grandpierre, M. Year: 1990 Title: ELECTRICAL MACHINES COMMAND AUTOMATION AND ASSOCIATED EXPERT SOFTWARE A2 - HUSSON, R Book Title: Advanced Information Processing in Automatic Control (AIPAC '89) Place Published: Oxford Publisher: Pergamon Pages: 529-536 Short Title: ELECTRICAL MACHINES COMMAND AUTOMATION AND ASSOCIATED EXPERT SOFTWARE A2 - HUSSON, R ISBN: 978-0-08-037034-7 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-08-037034-7.50096-1 Abstract: Abstract This paper presents an Electrical Machines Command Automaton (E.M.C.A.) powered by a static converter and its associated expert software designed to help in application programming and development. The E.M.C.A. hardware and its use with the three main types of electric wheeling machines (D.C., synchronous and induction) are first presented. The associated expert software takes two approaches into account. The first one is built upon a dedicated control language which allows the user to test simple control laws. However, taking into account its low power and the safety of the static converter-machine set, another approach has been selected. This second approach transfers the knowledge used to develop a control law to the software. A model putting forward the knowledge used at the different levels of an electrical machine command unit is proposed. An expert system exploits the knowledge represented by means of frames and production rules. The frames stands for both the hardware of the E.M.C.A. and the assertional knowledge of the domain while production rules carry the operating knowledge about their use in a control law. The ultimate target of the current studies is to design and program an expert system for electrical machine applications. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780080370347500961 Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8153 Author: Ehresman, Kenneth L. and Frantzen, Joey L. Year: 2001 Title: Electronic maneuvering board and dead reckoning tracer decision aid for the officer of the deck Journal: Ada Lett. Volume: XXI Issue: 4 Pages: 61-70 Short Title: Electronic maneuvering board and dead reckoning tracer decision aid for the officer of the deck ISSN: 1094-3641 DOI: 10.1145/507546.507588 Legal Note: 507588 Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 8154 Author: Ehresman, Kenneth L. and Frantzen, Joey L. Year: 2001 Title: Electronic maneuvering board and dead reckoning tracer decision aid for the officer of the deck Conference Name: Proceedings of the 2001 annual ACM SIGAda international conference on Ada Conference Location: Bloomington, MN Publisher: ACM Pages: 61-70 DOI: 10.1145/507574.507588 Place Published: 507588 Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 9619 Author: Simons, C. L. and Parmee, I. C. Year: 2012 Title: Elegant Object-Oriented Software Design via Interactive, Evolutionary Computation Journal: IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, Part C (Applications and Reviews) Volume: 42 Issue: 6 Pages: 1797-1805 Short Title: Elegant Object-Oriented Software Design via Interactive, Evolutionary Computation ISSN: 1094-6977 DOI: 10.1109/TSMCC.2012.2225103 Keywords: evolutionary computation object-oriented programming software engineering design element distribution evenness assessment elegance measure elegant object-oriented software design interactive evolutionary computation machine-based function object-oriented software design visualization quantitative fitness function reproductive fitness software development subjective elegance assessment subjective evaluation symmetrical elegance symmetry Design methodology Software design Software measurement Elegance interactive evolutionary computation (IEC) Abstract: Design is fundamental to software development but can be demanding to perform. Thus, to assist the software designer, evolutionary computing is being increasingly applied using machine-based, quantitative fitness functions to evolve software designs. However, in nature, elegance and symmetry play a crucial role in the reproductive fitness of various organisms. In addition, subjective evaluation has also been exploited in interactive evolutionary computation (IEC). Therefore, to investigate the role of elegance and symmetry in software design, four novel elegance measures are proposed which are based on the evenness of distribution of design elements. In controlled experiments in a dynamic IEC environment, designers are presented with visualizations of object-oriented software designs, which they rank according to a subjective assessment of elegance. For three out of the four elegance measures proposed, it is found that a significant correlation exists between elegance values and reward elicited. These three elegance measures assess the evenness of distribution of 1) attributes and methods among classes; 2) external couples between classes; and 3) the ratio of attributes to methods. It is concluded that symmetrical elegance is in some way significant in software design, and that this can be exploited in dynamic, multiobjective IEC to produce elegant software designs. Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 8228 Author: Ributzka, Juergen, Hayashi, Yuhei, Manzano, Joseph B. and Gao, Guang R. Year: 2011 Title: The elephant and the mice: the role of non-strict fine-grain synchronization for modern many-core architectures Conference Name: Proceedings of the international conference on Supercomputing Conference Location: Tucson, Arizona, USA Publisher: ACM Pages: 338-347 DOI: 10.1145/1995896.1995948 Place Published: 1995948 Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 8973 Year of Conference: 1992 Title: Eleventh Annual International Phoenix Conference on Computers and Communications (Cat. No.92CH3129-4) Conference Name: Eleventh Annual International Phoenix Conference on Computers and Communication [1992 Conference Proceedings] Pages: VII Date: 1-3 April 1992 Short Title: Eleventh Annual International Phoenix Conference on Computers and Communications (Cat. No.92CH3129-4) DOI: 10.1109/PCCC.1992.200506 Keywords: computer architecture computer networks database management systems expert systems hypercube networks image processing open systems operating systems (computers) performance evaluation CAD/CAM advanced architectures artificial intelligent communications theory connection and interconnection database systems expert system fault tolerance hypercubes modulation networking systems object-oriented databases operating systems performance analysis programming languages real-time computations reconfiguration reliability satellite communication software design spread spectrum topology traffic control Abstract: The following topics are dealt with: hypercubes; performance analysis and modeling: advanced architectures; operating systems design; database systems design; object-oriented databases; spread spectrum; modulation; communications theory; connection and interconnection; topology and traffic control CAD/CAM and image processing; expert system design; real-time computations; reliability and fault tolerance; reconfiguration; software design; programming languages and compilers: satellite communication; networking systems; open systems and artificial intelligent and applications. Abstracts of individual papers can be found under the relevant classification codes in this or other issues Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9264 Author: Sheng, Lu, Xiao-Li, Cao, Zhong-Jian, Cai, Gao-Rong, Zeng and Tan, Liu Year of Conference: 2007 Title: An embedded CPU based automatic ranging system for vehicles Conference Name: 2007 Mediterranean Conference on Control & Automation Pages: 1-5 Date: 27-29 June 2007 Short Title: An embedded CPU based automatic ranging system for vehicles DOI: 10.1109/MED.2007.4433700 Keywords: automotive engineering embedded systems road vehicles SCM based ranging system decision making embedded CPU based automatic ranging system optical-mechanical-electrical automatic ranging system risk estimation single chip Micyoco vehicles Computer architecture Data processing Embedded system Hardware Optical design Paper technology Real time systems Software architecture Abstract: Based on the structure and theory of optical-mechanical-electrical automatic ranging system of vehicles, paper has a discussion and research of the architecture and design of auto ranging system with risk estimation and decision making basing on embedded CPU. The solution of embedded system has got a good real-time performance and it can promote the data processing capability of the system. Paper mainly introduces the defects of SCM (single chip Micyoco) based ranging system and the hardware architecture, software architecture and some other key technology of the embedded system based ranging system, etc. It also introduces the solution of using two lidars light detection and ranging method. Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 8214 Author: #201 and Cota, rika Year: 2010 Title: Embedded software testing: what kind of problem is this? Conference Name: Proceedings of the Conference on Design, Automation and Test in Europe Conference Location: Dresden, Germany Publisher: European Design and Automation Association Pages: 1486-1486 Place Published: 1871283 Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 9334 Author: Antonino, P. O., Morgenstern, A. and Kuhn, T. Year: 2016 Title: Embedded-Software Architects: It's Not Only about the Software Journal: IEEE Software Volume: 33 Issue: 6 Pages: 56-62 Short Title: Embedded-Software Architects: It's Not Only about the Software ISSN: 0740-7459 DOI: 10.1109/MS.2016.142 Keywords: embedded systems personnel software architecture software development management electromechanical devices embedded software architects embedded systems development Computational modeling Computer architecture domain-specific architectures integration and modeling real-time and embedded systems software architect software development software engineering system architecture Abstract: Owing to the increasing amount of computation in electromechanical devices, the role of software architect is often found in embedded-systems development. However, because computer scientists usually have limited knowledge of embedded-systems concepts such as controllers, actuators, and buses, embedded-software architects are often engineers with no education in software architecture basics, which is normally a topic in computer science courses. In these environments, serious architectural problems can occur, such as contradictory architecture decisions and inconsistencies between the architecture design and the architecture drivers. This article discusses the current profile of embedded-software architects, characteristics of embedded architectures designed by architects with no computer science background, and the shortcomings of architects whose knowledge is limited to information systems. The authors also discuss how to overcome these challenges. Notes: focused on embedded software Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9338 Author: Bril, R. J., Postma, A. and Krikhaar, R. L. Year of Conference: 2003 Title: Embedding architectural support in industry Conference Name: International Conference on Software Maintenance, 2003. ICSM 2003. Proceedings. Pages: 348-357 Date: 22-26 Sept. 2003 Short Title: Embedding architectural support in industry ISBN: 1063-6773 DOI: 10.1109/ICSM.2003.1235442 Keywords: industries program verification software architecture software development management software maintenance software tools systems analysis architectural maintenance architectural support commercial-off-the-shelf industrial computing professional systems software development software recovery software verification software visualization Biomedical imaging Business communication Consumer electronics Context Humans Medical control systems Programming Visualization Abstract: Software architecture plays a vital role in the development (and hence maintenance) of large complex systems with a long lifetime. It is therefore required that the software architecture is also maintained, i.e. sufficiently documented, clearly communicated, and explicitly controlled. In our experience, these requirements cannot be met without appropriate support. Commercial-off-the-shelf support for architectural maintenance is still scarcely available, if at all, implying the need to develop appropriate proprietary means. In this paper, we briefly report upon an overall approach taken within three organizations within Philips that develop professional systems. We extensively describe the experience gained with the embedding of architectural support in these three organizations. We focus on architectural support in the area of software architecture recovery, visualization, analysis, and verification. In our experience, the support must be carried by a number of elements of software development, and all of these elements have to go through a change process to ensure sustainable embedding. We distinguish four of these elements, i.e. process, organization, software development environment, and humans, and present our experience in terms of those elements. 'File' Atttachments: internal-pdf://3976104186/Embedding architectural support in industry.pdf Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9582 Author: Liao, Minghong, Guo, FuShun, Cheng, TuiAn and Zhang, XueHai Year of Conference: 1993 Title: Embedding the production system in C language Conference Name: TENCON '93. Proceedings. Computer, Communication, Control and Power Engineering.1993 IEEE Region 10 Conference on Volume: 1 Pages: 378-381 vol.1 Date: 19-21 Oct. 1993 Short Title: Embedding the production system in C language DOI: 10.1109/TENCON.1993.320006 Keywords: C language inference mechanisms knowledge based systems knowledge representation PSC expert systems general purpose language inference knowledge processing menu knowledge-based systems ops5 production system software design Algorithm design and analysis Artificial intelligence Control systems Databases Filters Large-scale systems Production systems Abstract: Production systems, such as ops5, have been widely used in menu knowledge-based systems and expert systems. With the development of large scale knowledge-based systems and more sophisticated expert systems, the processing ability of production systems has become a bottleneck. C is a general purpose language, it is used in many fields of software design. But C hasn't the components to represent knowledge and perform inference; it is not quite suitable for knowledge processing. We embed production systems in C, and design a new version of C (PSC). This makes use of the advantages of C and production systems. The design and implementation of PSC are discussed.<> Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8530 Author: Pira, Einollah, Rafe, Vahid and Nikanjam, Amin Year: 2016 Title: EMCDM: Efficient model checking by data mining for verification of complex software systems specified through architectural styles Journal: Applied Soft Computing Volume: 49 Pages: 1185-1201 Date: 12// Short Title: EMCDM: Efficient model checking by data mining for verification of complex software systems specified through architectural styles ISSN: 1568-4946 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asoc.2016.06.039 Keywords: Architectural styles Model checking State space explosion Graph transformation system Data mining Abstract: Software architectural style is one of the best concepts to define a family of related architectures and their common properties. Despite the essential role of software architectures in the software engineering practice, the lack of formal description and analysis may hamper the quality of designed models. Hence, using proper formal languages seems necessary for architectural style description. In this case, it is possible to use model checking to verify the designed models automatically. However, the model checking of complex software systems suffers from the state space explosion problem. To handle this problem, data mining techniques may contribute to obtain the required knowledge for intelligent model checking i.e. searching only a portion of the state space. In this paper, to check the model of complex software systems which are designed according to an architectural style, an efficient approach is proposed using data mining techniques. These software systems must be specified through architectural styles and modeled by Graph Transformation Systems (GTS) formally. In the proposed approach, to check a large model based on a specific style intelligently, a specific knowledge is required. Such knowledge is acquired from mining the data of checking a smaller model consistent with the same style. These smaller models can be designed either by the designers or can be automatically generated consistent with the style. The proposed solution can be used to verify the reachability property and to refute the safety and liveness properties. This solution is implemented in GROOVE, a toolset for designing and model checking of graph transformation systems. The experimental results show that our method is faster and more accurate in comparison with the existing techniques in model checking of complex software systems. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1568494616303192 Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8506 Author: Turos, Laszlo, Csernáth, Géza and Szekely, Iuliu Year: 2015 Title: EMI Reduction Techniques in Digitally Controllable Power Supplies Journal: Procedia Technology Volume: 19 Pages: 554-561 Date: // Short Title: EMI Reduction Techniques in Digitally Controllable Power Supplies ISSN: 2212-0173 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.protcy.2015.02.079 Keywords: PSU EMI EMC Buck-Boost MCU Spread Frequency Modulation Slew Rate embedded system. Abstract: The paper presents EMI reduction techniques in analog and digital power supplies, highlighting the role of each technique apart. There are also detailed some useful hardware and software design techniques in order to reduce or attenuate the EMI. Passive techniques focus on reducing the EMI level by filtering, shielding and proper PCB layout of the power components. Active techniques focus on modifying the PWM control signal shape in order to reduce EMI or spread the energy of the signal on wide frequency range. The paper also presents an implementation method of the spread frequency modulation on a low cost RISC MCU unit. The paper describes the mathematical and simulated relationship between a non-ideal PWM signal's main parameters and the spectral content of the signal. The experimental results are obtained by measurements performed on a multistage buck-boost converter, which uses two converters working in parallel and in phase-shift of 180° developed by the authors. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2212017315000808 Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 8203 Author: Clay, Alexis, Couture, Nadine and Nigay, Laurence Year: 2010 Title: eMotion: un outil pour personnaliser la reconnaissance d'émotions Conference Name: Proceedings of the Ergonomie et Informatique Avancee Conference Conference Location: Biarritz, France Publisher: ACM Pages: 59-66 DOI: 10.1145/1868650.1868660 Place Published: 1868660 Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9204 Author: Dilip, Soni, Nord, R. L. and Liang, Hsu Year of Conference: 1993 Title: An empirical approach to software architectures Conference Name: Proceedings of 1993 IEEE 7th International Workshop on Software Specification and Design Pages: 47-51 Date: 6-7 Dec 1993 Short Title: An empirical approach to software architectures DOI: 10.1109/IWSSD.1993.315515 Keywords: professional aspects software engineering architectural properties description languages empirical approach practical results pragmatic role productivity quality research community software architectures software development activities software engineering research community verification Buildings Computer architecture Control systems Instruments Programming Quality management Software architecture Software safety Taxonomy Technology management Abstract: The research community in the emerging area of software architecture has developed little consensus over the definition of architecture except that architecture is related to the structure of a system and the interaction among its components. Current efforts of building models of architecture have focused on taxonomy, description languages, and verification of architectural properties. What is missing is the focus on the pragmatic role of architecture in software development activities. We describe the state of the practice and the problems faced by architects and engineers. The challenge for the software engineering research community is to address these problems and produce scalable, practical results that will have a real impact on the developers, improving their productivity and the quality of systems they build. Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 7964 Author: Soni, Dilip, Nord, Robert L. and Hsu, Liang Year: 1993 Title: An empirical approach to software architectures Conference Name: Proceedings of the 7th international workshop on Software specification and design Conference Location: Redondo Beach, California Publisher: IEEE Computer Society Press Pages: 47-51 Place Published: 951816 Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 7883 Author: Dayanandan, Udaya and Vivekanandan, K. Year: 2016 Title: An Empirical Evaluation model for Software Architecture Maintainability for Object oriented Design Conference Name: Proceedings of the International Conference on Informatics and Analytics Conference Location: Pondicherry, India Publisher: ACM Pages: 1-4 DOI: 10.1145/2980258.2980459 Place Published: 2980459 Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8634 Author: Tofan, Dan, Galster, Matthias, Lytra, Ioanna, Avgeriou, Paris, Zdun, Uwe, Fouche, Mark-Anthony, de Boer, Remco and Solms, Fritz Year: 2016 Title: Empirical evaluation of a process to increase consensus in group architectural decision making Journal: Information and Software Technology Volume: 72 Pages: 31-47 Date: 4// Short Title: Empirical evaluation of a process to increase consensus in group architectural decision making ISSN: 0950-5849 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.infsof.2015.12.002 Keywords: Software architecture Group architecture decisions Decision making Abstract: AbstractContext Many software architectural decisions are group decisions rather than decisions made by individuals. Consensus in a group of decision makers increases the acceptance of a decision among decision makers and their confidence in that decision. Furthermore, going through the process of reaching consensus means that decision makers understand better the decision (including the decision topic, decision options, rationales, and potential outcomes). Little guidance exists on how to increase consensus in group architectural decision making. Objective We evaluate how a newly proposed process (named GADGET) helps architects increase consensus when making group architectural decisions. Specifically, we investigate how well GADGET increases consensus in group architectural decision making, by understanding its practical applicability, and by comparing GADGET against group architectural decision making without using any prescribed approach. Method We conducted two empirical studies. First, we conducted an exploratory case study to understand the practical applicability of GADGET in industry. We investigated whether there is a need to increase consensus, the effort and benefits of GADGET, and potential improvements for GADGET. Second, we conducted an experiment with 113 students from three universities to compare GADGET against group architectural decision making without using any prescribed approach. Results GADGET helps decision makers increase their consensus, captures knowledge on architectural decisions, clarifies the different points of view of different decision makers on the decision, and increases the focus of the group discussions about a decision. From the experiment, we obtained causal evidence that GADGET increases consensus better than group architectural decision making without using any prescribed approach. Conclusions There is a need to increase consensus in group architectural decisions. GADGET helps inexperienced architects increase consensus in group architectural decision making, and provides additional benefits, such as capturing rationale of decisions. Future work is needed to understand and improve other aspects of group architectural decision making. Notes: students URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0950584915002049 Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 8273 Author: Stevanetic, Srdjan, Javed, Muhammad Atif and Zdun, Uwe Year: 2014 Title: Empirical evaluation of the understandability of architectural component diagrams Conference Name: Proceedings of the WICSA 2014 Companion Volume Conference Location: Sydney, Australia Publisher: ACM Pages: 1-8 DOI: 10.1145/2578128.2578230 Place Published: 2578230 Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8541 Author: Christensen, Henrik Bærbak and Hansen, Klaus Marius Year: 2010 Title: An empirical investigation of architectural prototyping Journal: Journal of Systems and Software Volume: 83 Issue: 1 Pages: 133-142 Date: 1// Short Title: An empirical investigation of architectural prototyping ISSN: 0164-1212 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jss.2009.07.049 Keywords: Software architecture Architectural prototyping Architectural analysis Architectural evaluation Empirical software architecture Abstract: Architectural prototyping is the process of using executable code to investigate stakeholders’ software architecture concerns with respect to a system under development. Previous work has established this as a useful and cost-effective way of exploration and learning of the design space of a system and in addressing issues regarding quality attributes, architectural risks, and the problem of knowledge transfer and conformance. However, the actual industrial use of architectural prototyping has not been thoroughly researched so far. In this article, we report from three studies of architectural prototyping in practice. First, we report findings from an ethnographic study of practicing software architects. Secondly, we report from a focus group on architectural prototyping involving architects from four companies. And, thirdly, we report from a survey study of 20 practicing software architects and software developers. Our findings indicate that architectural prototyping plays an important and frequent role in resolving problems experimentally, but less so in exploring alternative solutions. Furthermore, architectural prototypes include end-user or business related functionality rather than purely architectural functionality. Based on these observations we provide recommendations for effective industrial architectural prototyping. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0164121209001903 'File' Attachments: internal-pdf://2575378885/An empirical investigation of architectural pr.pdf Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8301 Author: Reed, David, Miller, Craig and Braught, Grant Year: 2000 Title: Empirical investigation throughout the CS curriculum Journal: SIGCSE Bull. Volume: 32 Issue: 1 Pages: 202-206 Short Title: Empirical investigation throughout the CS curriculum ISSN: 0097-8418 DOI: 10.1145/331795.331855 Legal Note: 331855 Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 8302 Author: Reed, David, Miller, Craig and Braught, Grant Year: 2000 Title: Empirical investigation throughout the CS curriculum Conference Name: Proceedings of the thirty-first SIGCSE technical symposium on Computer science education Conference Location: Austin, Texas, USA Publisher: ACM Pages: 202-206 DOI: 10.1145/330908.331855 Place Published: 331855 Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9046 Author: Astudillo, H., Valdés, G. and Becerra, C. Year of Conference: 2012 Title: Empirical Measurement of Automated Recovery of Design Decisions and Structure Conference Name: 2012 VI Andean Region International Conference Pages: 105-108 Date: 7-9 Nov. 2012 Short Title: Empirical Measurement of Automated Recovery of Design Decisions and Structure DOI: 10.1109/Andescon.2012.33 Keywords: software architecture system recovery Toeska rationale extraction design anecdotic evidence architecture structure recovery automated recovery design decision experimental design manual TREx tool-supported TREx Computer architecture Data mining Instruments Measurement Software Training software desig Abstract: Several notations and techniques have been proposed to capture and represent software architecture decisions and structures. Previous work has suggested that using automated techniques to recover decisions and structures from whichever project artifacts are actually kept may be a reasonable solution, but empirical evaluations of this claim are scarce. This article describes: (1) the TREx design decision and architecture structure recovery technique and tool, (2) precision and recall measures of recovery effectiveness for system structure, and (3) an experimental design to evaluate design decision and structure recovery approaches. An initial experimental evaluation of manual versus tool-supported TREx shows that using the tool increases recall, but yield mixed results on precision: decrease structure recovery precision, but increase decision recovery. Also anecdotic evidence suggest that only Experts were systematically better in recovering decisions without tool-support. A replicable experimental package has been published. Notes: tool for ADDs Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 7617 Author: Galster, M. and Weyns, D. Year of Conference: 2016 Title: Empirical Research in Software Architecture: How Far have We Come? Conference Name: 2016 13th Working IEEE/IFIP Conference on Software Architecture (WICSA) Pages: 11-20 Date: 5-8 April 2016 Short Title: Empirical Research in Software Architecture: How Far have We Come? DOI: 10.1109/WICSA.2016.10 Keywords: software architecture empirical research systematic mapping method state-of-practice Abstract: Context: Empirical research helps gain well-founded insights about phenomena. Furthermore, empirical research creates evidence for the validity of research results. Objective: We aim at assessing the state-of-practice of empirical research in software architecture. Method: We conducted a comprehensive survey based on the systematic mapping method. We included all full technical research papers published at major software architecture conferences between 1999 and 2015. Results: 17% of papers report empirical work. The number of empirical studies in software architecture has started to increase in 2005. Looking at the number of papers, empirical studies are about equally frequently used to a) evaluate newly proposed approaches and b) to explore and describe phenomena to better understand software architecture practice. Case studies and experiments are the most frequently used empirical methods. Almost half of empirical studies involve human participants. The majority of these studies involve professionals rather than students. Conclusions: Our findings are meant to stimulate researchers in the community to think about their expectations and standards of empirical research. Our results indicate that software architecture has become a more mature domain with regards to applying empirical research. However, we also found issues in research practices that could be improved (e.g., when describing study objectives and acknowledging limitations). Notes: Literature review Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8721 Author: Dersten, Sara, Axelsson, Jakob and Fröberg, Joakim Year: 2012 Title: An empirical study of refactoring decisions in embedded software and systems Journal: Procedia Computer Science Volume: 8 Pages: 279-284 Date: // Short Title: An empirical study of refactoring decisions in embedded software and systems ISSN: 1877-0509 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2012.01.058 Keywords: System refactoring system evolution system architecture software architecture decision-making empirical study Abstract: This paper describes an empirical study of decision-making when changing the architecture in embedded systems. A refactoring of the system architecture often gives effects on both system properties and functions in the company organization, and there is a lack of efficient analysis methods for decision support in the system architecture process. This study investigates the information needed to make a decision about a system refactoring. Scenario-based interviews have been conducted with managers and system architects from companies developing embedded systems. The results show that the companies investigate similar issues regardless of their industry sector. The most wanted information prior to a decision is also presented. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1877050912000592 Reference Type: Book Section Record Number: 7850 Author: Dasanayake, Sandun, Markkula, Jouni, Aaramaa, Sanja and Oivo, Markku Year: 2016 Title: An Empirical Study on Collaborative Architecture Decision Making in Software Teams Editor: Tekinerdogan, Bedir, Zdun, Uwe and Babar, Ali Book Title: Software Architecture: 10th European Conference, ECSA 2016, Copenhagen, Denmark, November 28 -- December 2, 2016, Proceedings Place Published: Cham Publisher: Springer International Publishing Pages: 238-246 Short Title: An Empirical Study on Collaborative Architecture Decision Making in Software Teams ISBN: 978-3-319-48992-6 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-48992-6_18 Label: Dasanayake2016 Abstract: Architecture decision making is considered one of the most challenging cognitive tasks in software development. The objective of this study is to explore the state of the practice of architecture decision making in software teams, including the role of the architect and the associated challenges. An exploratory case study was conducted in a large software company in Europe and fifteen software architects were interviewed as the primary method of data collection. The results reveal that the majority of software teams make architecture decisions collaboratively. Especially, the consultative decision-making style is preferred as it helps to make decisions efficiently while taking the opinions of the team members into consideration. It is observed that most of the software architects maintain a close relationship with the software teams. Several organisational, process and human related challenges and their impact on architecture decision-making are also identified. URL: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-48992-6_18 Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 7885 Author: Galster, Matthias and Avgeriou, Paris Year: 2011 Title: Empirically-grounded reference architectures: a proposal Conference Name: Proceedings of the joint ACM SIGSOFT conference -- QoSA and ACM SIGSOFT symposium -- ISARCS on Quality of software architectures -- QoSA and architecting critical systems -- ISARCS Conference Location: Boulder, Colorado, USA Publisher: ACM Pages: 153-158 DOI: 10.1145/2000259.2000285 Place Published: 2000285 Abstract: A reference architecture describes core elements of the software architecture for systems that stem from the same domain. A reference architecture ensures interoperability of systems through standardization. It also facilitates the instantiation of new concrete architectures. However, we currently lack procedures for systematically designing reference architectures that are empirically-grounded. Being empirically-grounded would increase the validity and reusability of a reference architecture. We therefore present an approach which helps systematically design reference architectures. Our approach consists of six steps performed by the software architect and domain experts. It helps design reference architectures either from scratch, or based on existing architecture artifacts. We also illustrate how our approach could be applied to the design of two existing reference architectures found in literature. Notes: Reference architecture design Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 9593 Author: Arsanjani, A. Year: 2005 Title: Empowering the business analyst for on demand computing Journal: IBM Systems Journal Volume: 44 Issue: 1 Pages: 67-80 Short Title: Empowering the business analyst for on demand computing ISSN: 0018-8670 DOI: 10.1147/sj.441.0067 Abstract: The tools, methods, and techniques used to create business architecture are often quite different from those used in developing software architecture. This “impedance mismatch” or gap is aggravated by volatile business requirements that need to be satisfied in operational systems. Bridging this gap not only allows a more seamless transition and faster time to market, but also enables and empowers business analysts to contribute their deep subject matter expertise at many phases of the software-development life cycle, a critical aid in fruitful application development. This paper presents a case study of a project with the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO), which explored the potential for reducing duplication of effort among patent offices by sharing work products. IBM provided an innovative method to support the analysis, the “business compiler,” a tool that implements Grammar-oriented Object Design (GOOD). GOOD is a method for creating and maintaining dynamically reconfigurable software architectures driven by business-process architectures. The business compiler was used to capture business processes within real-time workshops for various lines of business and create an executable simulation of the processes used. Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 8040 Author: Dick, Holger, Eden, Hal, Fischer, Gerhard and Zietz, Jason Year: 2012 Title: Empowering users to become designers: using meta-design environments to enable and motivate sustainable energy decisions Conference Name: Proceedings of the 12th Participatory Design Conference: Exploratory Papers, Workshop Descriptions, Industry Cases - Volume 2 Conference Location: Roskilde, Denmark Publisher: ACM Pages: 49-52 DOI: 10.1145/2348144.2348160 Place Published: 2348160 Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 8365 Author: Mehandjiev, Nikolay and Angeli, Antonella De Year: 2012 Title: End user mashups: analytical framework Conference Name: Proceedings of the 2nd International Workshop on Adaptive Services for the Future Internet and 6th International Workshop on Web APIs and Service Mashups Conference Location: Bertinoro, Italy Publisher: ACM Pages: 36-39 DOI: 10.1145/2377836.2377845 Place Published: 2377845 Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 9610 Author: Miller, A. Year: 1989 Title: Engineering design: its importance for software Journal: IEEE Potentials Volume: 8 Issue: 2 Pages: 14-16 Short Title: Engineering design: its importance for software ISSN: 0278-6648 DOI: 10.1109/45.31589 Keywords: software engineering maintenance reliability software design methodology software development software quality software reuse structure charts testing Costs Design engineering Design methodology Programming Robotic assembly Software packages Text analysis Writing Abstract: The importance of having a software design methodology is discussed. Its role in software reuse and in promoting software quality and reliability is examined. The waterfall model of software development, which allows a natural progression of steps to be followed during the course of a project, and the use of structure charts are described. Software testing and maintenance are briefly considered.<> Notes: bit too old - Waterfall? Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 8049 Author: Kramer, Jeff and Magee, Jeff Year: 2005 Title: Engineering distributed software: a structural discipline Conference Name: Proceedings of the 10th European software engineering conference held jointly with 13th ACM SIGSOFT international symposium on Foundations of software engineering Conference Location: Lisbon, Portugal Publisher: ACM Pages: 283-285 DOI: 10.1145/1095430.1081709 Place Published: 1081709 Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 7958 Author: Daneva, Maya, Marczak, Sabrina and Herrmann, Andrea Year: 2014 Title: Engineering of quality requirements as perceived by near-shore development centers' architects in eastern Europe: the hole in the whole Conference Name: Proceedings of the 8th ACM/IEEE International Symposium on Empirical Software Engineering and Measurement Conference Location: Torino, Italy Publisher: ACM Pages: 1-10 DOI: 10.1145/2652524.2652534 Place Published: 2652534 Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 8182 Author: Schaefer, Christoph A., Pankratius, Victor and Tichy, Walter F. Year: 2010 Title: Engineering parallel applications with tunable architectures Conference Name: Proceedings of the 32nd ACM/IEEE International Conference on Software Engineering - Volume 1 Conference Location: Cape Town, South Africa Publisher: ACM Pages: 405-414 DOI: 10.1145/1806799.1806859 Place Published: 1806859 Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9100 Author: Schaefer, C. A., Pankratius, V. and Tichy, W. F. Year of Conference: 2010 Title: Engineering parallel applications with tunable architectures Conference Name: 2010 ACM/IEEE 32nd International Conference on Software Engineering Volume: 1 Pages: 405-414 Date: 2-8 May 2010 Short Title: Engineering parallel applications with tunable architectures ISBN: 0270-5257 DOI: 10.1145/1806799.1806859 Keywords: multiprocessing systems parallel programming software architecture architecture description language architecture tuning multicore computers parallel programs software developers tunable architectures Computer architecture Connectors Indexing Parallel processing Pipelines Software Tuning Abstract: Current multicore computers differ in many hardware characteristics. Software developers thus hand-tune their parallel programs for a specific platform to achieve the best performance; this is tedious and leads to non-portable code. Although the software architecture also requires adaptation to achieve best performance, it is rarely modified because of the additional implementation effort. The Tunable Architectures approach proposed in this paper automates the architecture adaptation of parallel programs and uses an auto-tuner to find the best-performing software architecture for a particular machine. We introduce a new architecture description language based on parallel patterns and a framework to express architecture variants in a generic way. Several case studies demonstrate significant performance improvements due to architecture tuning and show the applicability of our approach to industrial applications. Software developers are exposed to less parallel programming complexity, thus making the approach attractive for experts as well as inexperienced parallel programmers. Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 7897 Author: Hess, Steffen, Knodel, Jens, Naab, Matthias and Trapp, Marcus Year: 2016 Title: Engineering roles for constructing ecosystems Conference Name: Proccedings of the 10th European Conference on Software Architecture Workshops Conference Location: Copenhagen, Denmark Publisher: ACM Pages: 1-4 DOI: 10.1145/2993412.3003385 Place Published: 3003385 Abstract: The digital transformation of nearly all industrial sectors leads and will lead to a disruptive change. Instead of traditional linear value chains, we will move towards networked, interconnected value creation - digital ecosystems where multiple organizations and their software systems interact with each other. We can observe an increasing number of ecosystems that strongly gain value by contributions added by other organizations. However, what does this mean for engineering skills needed to initiate and grow an ecosystem with software systems being developed, evolved and operated? In this position paper, we introduce new roles and skill profiles required for engineering software ecosystems. We derived the initial role description based on practical experiences in projects we conducted over the past five years and found these roles to be crucial for the overall success of the organization within a digital ecosystem. Key capabilities we found are strength in business and technology at the same time, the ability to think end-to-end in the ecosystem, and interdisciplinarity regarding software engineering disciplines. Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 8963 Author: Reith, M., Niu, J. and Winsborough, W. H. Year of Conference: 2007 Title: Engineering Trust Management into Software Models Conference Name: International Workshop on Modeling in Software Engineering (MISE'07: ICSE Workshop 2007) Pages: 9-9 Date: 20-26 May 2007 Short Title: Engineering Trust Management into Software Models ISBN: 2156-7883 DOI: 10.1109/MISE.2007.5 Keywords: authorisation program verification access control model checking nonfunctional requirement role-based trust management language software design software development software engineering software model behavior software security Application software Communication system security Engineering management Force measurement Mechanical factors Protection Software systems Transportation Abstract: Security in software is often considered a nonfunctional requirement because it is often interpreted as an emergent feature of the system. Too often it is introduced as a last- minute requirement over an otherwise completed product rather than properly integrated during the early stages of software design and development. One significant aspect of security involves access control. This paper proposes a multi-layer model detailing the integration of trust management access control with an application's model behavior. Our previous work focused on modeling the dynamic changes of a trust management policy for the purpose of verifying security properties using model checking. We are working toward integrating both the trust management policy and the mechanisms that enforce that policy for the purpose of verifying security properties. We focus on the Role-based Trust Management (RT) language and suggest concerns specific to it. Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9171 Author: Wich, M. and Kramer, T. Year of Conference: 2015 Title: Enhanced Human-Computer Interaction for Business Applications on Mobile Devices: A Design-Oriented Development of a Usability Evaluation Questionnaire Conference Name: 2015 48th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences Pages: 472-481 Date: 5-8 Jan. 2015 Short Title: Enhanced Human-Computer Interaction for Business Applications on Mobile Devices: A Design-Oriented Development of a Usability Evaluation Questionnaire ISBN: 1530-1605 DOI: 10.1109/HICSS.2015.63 Keywords: business data processing graphical user interfaces human computer interaction human factors mobile computing Web-based software tool application software artifact evaluation availability characteristics business applications computational power characteristics design science research approach design-oriented development development process high-resolution display characteristics human-computer interaction enhancement mobile business apps mobile characteristics mobile devices software design usability evaluation questionnaire usability quality user interfaces Business Context Mobile communication Smart phones Usability Design Science Human-Computer Interaction Mobile Usability Engineering Abstract: Over the last few years mobile technology has gained enormous growth in the field of human-computer interaction as it became an essential part of our society's everyday life. Specific mobile characteristics such as availability, computational power, or high-resolution displays make these devices very useful, even in a business environment. However, usability plays a crucial role when it comes to software design for human-computer interaction with mobile devices. In order to achieve a high level of usability in user interfaces of application software, it is essential to ensure usability quality during the development process. Therefore, we have developed a specific questionnaire for evaluating the usability of mobile business apps as well as a corresponding Web-based software tool for simplifying the assessment. In this paper, we follow a design science research approach and evaluate our designed artifacts in expert interviews where we demonstrate the utility and applicability of the questionnaire and tool. Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9173 Author: Kumar, M., Yoo, J. and Hong, S. Year of Conference: 2009 Title: Enhancing AUTOSAR methodology to a cotsbased development process via mapping to V-Model Conference Name: 2009 IEEE International Symposium on Industrial Embedded Systems Pages: 50-53 Date: 8-10 July 2009 Short Title: Enhancing AUTOSAR methodology to a cotsbased development process via mapping to V-Model ISBN: 2150-3109 DOI: 10.1109/SIES.2009.5196192 Keywords: automobile industry object-oriented programming production engineering computing software architecture AUTOSAR methodology COTS components COTS-based development process Eclipse Process Framework Composer SPEM 2.0 notation V-Model automotive industry automotive software industrial exploitation open standard software development process Automotive engineering Collaboration Computer industry Computer science Electrical products industry Programming Software standards Standards development Unified modeling language AUTOSAR COTS Process Modeling SPEM component Abstract: AUTOSAR, an open standard for automotive software, is currently being exploited by the automotive industry. Although the standard mainly focuses on software architecture, it also provides a development methodology. Unfortunately, the methodology in its current form is insufficient for industrial exploitation because it describes only an incomplete set of activities, work products and their dependencies. Specifically, (1) the activities to support COTS-based development are missing even though AUTOSAR encourages the use of COTS components; (2) it does not describe the roles and their responsibilities; and (3) it does not specify the mapping of activities onto a complete process model. In this paper, we propose a new software development process for AUTOSAR by extending the existing methodology. In doing so, we add activities to allow COTS component selection, evaluation and integration. Then, we define specific roles and assign responsibilities to those roles. Finally, we describe the overall timeline of various activities in detail by mapping the activities to the V-model. In order to present the process, we have used SPEM 2.0 notation, which is backward compatible with the AUTOSAR methodology and has improved expressiveness. We have composed the proposed process model using Eclipse Process Framework Composer which not only performs a sanity check of the model but also provides a way to publish it. Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9429 Author: Banks, S. B., Santos, E. and Stytz, M. R. Year of Conference: 1997 Title: Enhancing behavioral fidelity within distributed virtual environments Conference Name: Proceedings Ninth IEEE International Conference on Tools with Artificial Intelligence Pages: 514-521 Date: 3-8 Nov 1997 Short Title: Enhancing behavioral fidelity within distributed virtual environments ISBN: 1082-3409 DOI: 10.1109/TAI.1997.632298 Keywords: computer aided instruction decision support systems distributed processing fuzzy logic fuzzy set theory inference mechanisms knowledge based systems military computing object-oriented databases training user modelling virtual reality Automated Wingman project CGF applications Common Object DataBase software architecture adaptable decision making mechanism adaptable decisions mechanisms adversarial game tree techniques battlespace behavioral fidelity complex inter entity behavioral interactions complex realistic behavior computer generated force application correct performance distributed virtual environments expandable knowledge base extensible software architecture hierarchical knowledge structure individual entity behaviors multi layered fuzzy logic controlled situational analyses skill levels training environments Aircraft Application software Computer architecture Decision making Humans Software architecture Uncertainty Virtual environment Abstract: For a computer generated force (CGF) application to be useful in training environments, it must exhibit complex, realistic behavior within the battlespace. To achieve this level of fidelity, it must operate at multiple skill levels and exhibit competency at assigned missions. CGF applications must also have adaptable decisions mechanisms and behaviors even when operating under uncertainty and the application must learn from past experience. Furthermore, simply correct performance of individual entity behaviors is not sufficient. Issues related to complex inter entity behavioral interactions, such as the need to maintain formation and share information, must also be considered. To achieve these necessary capabilities, an extensible software architecture, an expandable knowledge base, and an adaptable decision making mechanism are required. Our labs have addressed these issues in the context of the Automated Wingman (AW) project. The AW is based on fuzzy logic, the Common Object DataBase (CODE) software architecture, and hierarchical knowledge structure. Decision making is founded on multi layered, fuzzy logic controlled situational analyses combined with adversarial game tree techniques Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 8363 Author: Dantas, Francisco, Garcia, Alessandro, Whittle, Jon, Jo, #227, Ara, o, #250 and jo Year: 2013 Title: Enhancing design models with composition properties: a software maintenance study Conference Name: Proceedings of the 12th annual international conference on Aspect-oriented software development Conference Location: Fukuoka, Japan Publisher: ACM Pages: 49-60 DOI: 10.1145/2451436.2451444 Place Published: 2451444 Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9157 Author: Dimakis, N., Polymenakos, L. and Soldatos, J. Year of Conference: 2006 Title: Enhancing Learning Experiences through Context-Aware Collaborative Services: Software Architecture and Prototype System Conference Name: 2006 Fourth IEEE International Workshop on Wireless, Mobile and Ubiquitous Technology in Education (WMTE'06) Pages: 50-57 Date: 16-17 Nov. 2006 Short Title: Enhancing Learning Experiences through Context-Aware Collaborative Services: Software Architecture and Prototype System DOI: 10.1109/WMTE.2006.261345 Keywords: computer aided instruction groupware middleware software agents software architecture agent based context-aware collaborative services context-aware computing systems educational activities learning experiences memory jog middleware architecture prototype system Application software Collaborative software Computer architecture Context modeling Context-aware services Humans Logic Software prototyping Abstract: Context-aware computing systems hold the promise of enhancing the level and quality of educational activities. However, development of such systems to provide novel educational services is still extremely challenging and requires new architectures and middleware paradigms. In this paper we present a structured, agent based, middleware architecture, able to support sophisticated context-awareness in lectures, presentations and meetings. The architecture caters for the generation of sophisticated context by employing a large set of context-acquisition components, while enabling service logic using non-trivial situation state models. Based on this architectural framework, we have developed a wide array of innovative context-aware services that can play a significant role in education. We present the most prominent of these (named 'memory jog'), which provides pertinent information and human-centric assistance to participants in lectures, presentations and meetings Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 7691 Author: Soliman, M., Riebisch, M. and Zdun, U. Year of Conference: 2015 Title: Enriching Architecture Knowledge with Technology Design Decisions Conference Name: 2015 12th Working IEEE/IFIP Conference on Software Architecture Pages: 135-144 Date: 4-8 May 2015 Short Title: Enriching Architecture Knowledge with Technology Design Decisions DOI: 10.1109/WICSA.2015.14 Keywords: decision making software architecture architecture knowledge approach design process software architecture design technology design decision making Computer architecture Interviews Java Usability User interfaces architectural solution architecture design decisions architecture knowledge technologies technology design decision Abstract: Decision-making is at the core of software architecture design. However, in order for the architect to take the right design decisions, assistance is required for exploring the architectural knowledge, which encompasses the various architectural solutions, their relationships and distinctions. In the past decades, the number of available technology options has increased significantly, while existing architecture knowledge approaches support technology decisions by representing relations between the different technology solutions, as well as design problems. However, they do not differentiate the candidate technologies according to their offered qualities and drawbacks. Our main goal in this exploratory study is to understand how technology solutions are being considered by the architects during the design process, and how can we enhance existing architecture knowledge concepts to support technology decision making. Our contribution in this paper is differentiating the different technology solutions' features based on a set of architecturally significant aspects, to facilitate considering technologies during the architecture design decisions. In addition, we proposed an extension for existing architecture knowledge models, which characterise the technology design decisions, and their reasoning. We evaluated our results through real examples from practitioners. Moreover, we conducted interviews with experts to validate our proposed concepts. 'File' Atttachments: internal-pdf://3926587751/2015-05-04-soliman-wicsa2015-enriching-archite.pdf Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 8827 Author: Soliman, M., Riebisch, M. and Zdun, U. Year of Conference: 2015 Title: Enriching Architecture Knowledge with Technology Design Decisions Conference Name: 2015 12th Working IEEE/IFIP Conference on Software Architecture Pages: 135-144 Date: 4-8 May 2015 Short Title: Enriching Architecture Knowledge with Technology Design Decisions DOI: 10.1109/WICSA.2015.14 Keywords: decision making software architecture architecture knowledge approach design process software architecture design technology design decision making Computer architecture Interviews Java Usability User interfaces architectural solution architecture design decisions architecture knowledge technologies technology design decision Abstract: Decision-making is at the core of software architecture design. However, in order for the architect to take the right design decisions, assistance is required for exploring the architectural knowledge, which encompasses the various architectural solutions, their relationships and distinctions. In the past decades, the number of available technology options has increased significantly, while existing architecture knowledge approaches support technology decisions by representing relations between the different technology solutions, as well as design problems. However, they do not differentiate the candidate technologies according to their offered qualities and drawbacks. Our main goal in this exploratory study is to understand how technology solutions are being considered by the architects during the design process, and how can we enhance existing architecture knowledge concepts to support technology decision making. Our contribution in this paper is differentiating the different technology solutions' features based on a set of architecturally significant aspects, to facilitate considering technologies during the architecture design decisions. In addition, we proposed an extension for existing architecture knowledge models, which characterise the technology design decisions, and their reasoning. We evaluated our results through real examples from practitioners. Moreover, we conducted interviews with experts to validate our proposed concepts. Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9306 Author: Cagle, R. Year of Conference: 2012 Title: Enterprise Architecture facilitates adopting Agile development methodologies into a DoD acquisition Conference Name: 2012 IEEE International Systems Conference SysCon 2012 Pages: 1-5 Date: 19-22 March 2012 Short Title: Enterprise Architecture facilitates adopting Agile development methodologies into a DoD acquisition DOI: 10.1109/SysCon.2012.6189431 Keywords: data acquisition military computing scheduling software architecture software prototyping CDR CDRL DoD acquisition process DoD acquisition waterfall lifecycle IDD JMPS PDR SAD SDD Zachman framework acquisition contract agile development methodologies contract data requirements list critical design review delivery information delivery-schedule expectation enterprise architect tool enterprise architecture interface design description joint mission planning systems living design preliminary design review software design description systems architecture description Computer architecture Contracts Schedules Testing US Department of Defense Abstract: The role of the Contract Data Requirements List [CDRL] in the DoD acquisition process is to provide the authoritative list of required artifacts for a given procurement. It forms an appendix to the acquisition contract, and includes delivery information and a schedule for each, typically mapped to milestone events such as the Preliminary Design Review [PDR] or the Critical Design Review [CDR] in the DoD Acquisition Waterfall Lifecycle. A number of CDRLs were proposed for the Joint Mission Planning Systems [JMPS] Framework, including a number of artifacts specific to the architecture and design of the application. Alignment with the DoD Acquisition Waterfall Lifecycle milestone events posed significant challenges to the program, given the contractor's proposed Agile development methodology. Many of these architectural and design documents carried a delivery-schedule expectation that placed them in conflict with the best practices and anticipated benefits of Agile, including the principle of “design only as much as is necessary to build features”. Using the Enterprise Architect tool, the contractor was able to produce a “living design” used daily by the development team, including architects, designers, developers, integrators, and testers. The tool provided capabilities that facilitated templates for various CDRLs, including the Systems Architecture Description [SAD], the Software Design Description [SDD], and the Interface Design Description [IDD], allowing on-demand generation of snapshots of the architecture and detailed design as it evolved, providing the appropriate level of documentation of the as-built system. The result better addressed the contractual intent of the CDRLs, to provide subsequent platform developers an accurate and up-to-date understanding of the architecture and design of the JMPS Framework, while better preserving the integrity of the development of the Enterprise Architecture within the selected Zachman Fram- work, and in the context of the contractor's Agile methodology. Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9114 Author: Upadhyaya, B. P. Year of Conference: 2014 Title: Enterprise service delegation pattern Conference Name: 2014 IEEE 23rd International Symposium on Industrial Electronics (ISIE) Pages: 117-122 Date: 1-4 June 2014 Short Title: Enterprise service delegation pattern ISBN: 2163-5137 DOI: 10.1109/ISIE.2014.6864596 Keywords: business data processing service-oriented architecture SOA business direction business management business services enterprise architecture enterprise service bus enterprise service delegation pattern hardware services information technology service oriented architecture software design pattern software services Architecture Computer architecture Organizations Simple object access protocol Abstract: Enterprise architecture is an emerging field of study. There are multiple areas that provide building blocks for this discipline including information technology and business management. Information technology plays a vital role in shaping the direction of business. In a granular level, business processes can be mapped to hardware and software automated processes. Service oriented architecture (SOA) is a popular architecture for providing business services in the form of software and hardware services. A software service can represent a business service partially or fully. Developing architectural building blocks is a common practice recommended by open group. This paper presents one such building block in the form of software design pattern. The enterprise service delegation pattern provides a structure to arbitrate service calls. This pattern is being used to construct enterprise service buses. Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9280 Author: Serment, J., Espinasse, B. and Tranvouez, E. Year of Conference: 2006 Title: Environmental Decision Support System for Hydraulic Management of the Camargue: Functionalities and Software Architecture Conference Name: 2006 First International Symposium on Environment Identities and Mediterranean Area Pages: 308-313 Date: 9-12 July 2006 Short Title: Environmental Decision Support System for Hydraulic Management of the Camargue: Functionalities and Software Architecture DOI: 10.1109/ISEIMA.2006.344968 Keywords: decision support systems environmental management environmental science computing hydrological techniques software architecture water resources Camargue ecosystem decision making process environmental decision support system environmental dynamics functional modules high level architecture hydraulic management integration infrastructure water management Computer architecture Context modeling Decision making Ecosystems Project management Quality management Resource management Abstract: The complexity of environmental dynamics makes more and more difficult the decision-making process. Therefore, the environmental managers, in particular in water management, rely on Environmental Decision Support Systems (EDSS) to help them. This paper defines the major generic functionalities of EDSS and the specific functionalities for an EDSS dedicated to the hydraulic management of the Camargue ecosystem. For this specific EDSS, a software architecture performing these functionalities is also proposed. Composed of functional modules and of an integration infrastructure inspired by HLA (High Level Architecture), this architecture would be reusable for development of other specific EDSS. Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9188 Author: Erdemir, U., Tekin, U. and Buzluca, F. Year of Conference: 2011 Title: E-Quality: A graph based object oriented software quality visualization tool Conference Name: 2011 6th International Workshop on Visualizing Software for Understanding and Analysis (VISSOFT) Pages: 1-8 Date: 29-30 Sept. 2011 Short Title: E-Quality: A graph based object oriented software quality visualization tool DOI: 10.1109/VISSOF.2011.6069454 Keywords: data visualisation graph theory object-oriented methods software maintenance software metrics software quality software tools E-Quality complex software system comprehension complex software system refactoring graph based object oriented software quality visualization tool graph-based interactive visual environment level categorization maintenance costs opportunity refactoring quality improvement activities quality improvement metrics quantitative measurement software design flaw detection software design quality Color Complexity theory Couplings Layout Measurement Software Visualization Design Flaw Detection Design Patterns Eclipse Object-Oriented Metrics Refactoring Software Visualization Abstract: Recently, with increasing maintenance costs, studies on software quality are becoming increasingly important and widespread because high quality software means more easily maintainable software. Measurement plays a key role in quality improvement activities and metrics are the quantitative measurement of software design quality. In this paper, we introduce a graph based object-oriented software quality visualization tool called "E-Quality". E-Quality automatically extracts quality metrics and class relations from Java source code and visualizes them on a graph-based interactive visual environment. This visual environment effectively simplifies comprehension and refactoring of complex software systems. Our approach assists developers in understanding of software quality attributes by level categorization and intuitive visualization techniques. Experimental results show that the tool can be used to detect software design flaws and refactoring opportunities. Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 8297 Author: Santoro, Corrado Year: 2007 Title: An erlang framework for autonomous mobile robots Conference Name: Proceedings of the 2007 SIGPLAN workshop on ERLANG Workshop Conference Location: Freiburg, Germany Publisher: ACM Pages: 85-92 DOI: 10.1145/1292520.1292533 Place Published: 1292533 Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8525 Author: Forzieri, Giovanni, Battistini, Alessandro and Catani, Filippo Year: 2012 Title: ES4LUCC: A GIS-tool for remotely monitoring landscape dynamics Journal: Computers & Geosciences Volume: 49 Pages: 72-80 Date: 12// Short Title: ES4LUCC: A GIS-tool for remotely monitoring landscape dynamics ISSN: 0098-3004 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cageo.2012.06.016 Keywords: Environmental monitoring Classification Change detection Remote sensing ENVI IDL ArcGIS Abstract: Given the potential impacts of land cover changes on surface processes, accurate mapping of landscape dynamics is a crucial task in environmental monitoring. The use of commercial software for remote sensing of landscape changes requires appropriate expertise in sensor technology and computing resources that are not always available to decision makers. This paper presents the development of an experimental prototype of a lightweight and user-friendly GIS tool – ES4LUCC – a semiautomatic software for change detection and classification of land use/cover. The tool is based on image processing techniques applied on multi-temporal remotely sensed spectral and surface model data. The GIS-based tiling approach allows to non-specialists of remote sensing to manage high-dimensional data even from low performance computing platforms. The paper synthesizes the implemented digital image processing that form the basis of ES4LUCC, including data correction, classification and change detection, map refinements. It also describes the software architecture, the main IDL modules and the integration with GIS through a tight coupling approach and.dll calling functions. The main modelling process is controlled through a powerful GUI developed as part of the ArcMap component of ESRI ArcGIS. The software is tested by using bi-temporal color-infrared ADS40 and Light detection and ranging data acquired on a 80-km transect of the Marecchia river (Italy). The outputs of ES4LUCC give an understanding of the natural- and human-induced surface processes, such as urban planning, agricultural and forest practices, fluvial dynamics and slope instability. The model provides reliable maps (90.77% overall classification accuracy) that represent useful layers for environmental landscape management. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0098300412002117 Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8144 Author: Yin, B. H. and Winchester, J. W. Year: 1978 Title: The establishment and use of measures to evaluate the quality of software designs Journal: SIGMETRICS Perform. Eval. Rev. Volume: 7 Issue: 3-4 Pages: 45-52 Short Title: The establishment and use of measures to evaluate the quality of software designs ISSN: 0163-5999 DOI: 10.1145/1007775.811099 Legal Note: 811099 Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 8145 Author: Yin, B. H. and Winchester, J. W. Year: 1978 Title: The establishment and use of measures to evaluate the quality of software designs Conference Name: Proceedings of the software quality assurance workshop on Functional and performance issues Publisher: ACM Pages: 45-52 DOI: 10.1145/800283.811099 Place Published: 811099 Abstract: It has been recognized that success in producing designs that realize reliable software, even using Structured Design, is intimately dependent on the experience level of the designer. The gap in this methodology is the absence of easily applied quantitative measures of quality that ease the dependence of reliable systems on the rare availability of expert designers. Several metrics have been devised which, when applied to design structure charts, can pinpoint sections of a design that may cause problems during coding, debugging, integration, and modification. These metrics can help provide an independent, unbiased evaluation of design quality. These metrics have been validated against program error data of two recently completed software projects at Hughes. The results indicate that the metrics can provide a predictive measure of program errors experienced during program development. Guidelines for interpreting the design metric values are summarized and a brief description of an interactive structure chart graphics system to simplify metric value calculation is presented. Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8146 Author: Yin, B. H. and Winchester, J. W. Year: 1978 Title: The establishment and use of measures to evaluate the quality of software designs Journal: SIGSOFT Softw. Eng. Notes Volume: 3 Issue: 5 Pages: 45-52 Short Title: The establishment and use of measures to evaluate the quality of software designs ISSN: 0163-5948 DOI: 10.1145/953579.811099 Legal Note: 811099 Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9068 Author: Demin, A. Year of Conference: 2001 Title: Estimation of program's quality on the base their structural-graphic representation Conference Name: 5th Korea-Russia International Symposium on Science and Technology. Proceedings. KORUS 2001 (Cat. No.01EX478) Volume: 1 Pages: 95-98 vol.1 Date: 26 Jun-3 Jul 2001 Short Title: Estimation of program's quality on the base their structural-graphic representation DOI: 10.1109/KORUS.2001.975066 Keywords: data flow graphs diagrams parallel programming software quality trees (mathematics) complexity connection data-flow graph level-parallel form logic structure complexity nested structures parallel program program flow diagram software certification software design structural graphic representation trees Annealing Bayesian methods Certification Convergence Design methodology Graphics Image reconstruction Image restoration Abstract: One of problems of software design is the estimation of quality of the designed programs. Also estimation of quality of the programs is a major problem of software certification. Currently, in addition to the expert methods of quality estimation automatic methods are designed. These methods estimate the quality by using the complexity criterion of the programs. The integrated estimation of complexity uses three measures: nested structures, connection, and complexity of logic structure. To estimate using these measures the structural-graphic representation of the programs is used. To estimate the complexity the author uses the representation of the programs as a set of interrelated trees, data-flow graphs (DFG) and program flow diagrams. To obtain these estimations the special coefficients are introduced. The representation of the programs as DFGs allows to solve the problem of parallelization of the program on storage Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 8051 Author: Noppen, Joost and Tamzalit, Dalila Year: 2010 Title: ETAK: tailoring architectural evolution by (re-)using architectural knowledge Conference Name: Proceedings of the 2010 ICSE Workshop on Sharing and Reusing Architectural Knowledge Conference Location: Cape Town, South Africa Publisher: ACM Pages: 21-28 DOI: 10.1145/1833335.1833339 Place Published: 1833339 Abstract: When an architect is faced with architectural evolution needs, he can opt to apply an existing evolution pattern. This is useful for well-known evolutions but at times is only partly sufficient. When he faces more specific evolutions, the architect needs to rely on expertise and intuition to extend the evolution beyond the pattern, a risky, error-prone evolution activity. In particular when the architect wants to assess the relevance of potential evolutions, he has no systematic assistance for analysing architectural knowledge. We propose ETAK as a framework for providing such automated assistance. ETAK allows the architect to define architectural traits he has in mind and the specific architectural knowledge he wants to consider. ETAK establishes the relevance of these traits for the new architecture, which can be used to decide whether to include them. We thus propose tailored architectural evolutions, drawing on intuition of the architect and architectural knowledge. Notes: tool support Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8623 Author: Thomson, Alan J. and Schmoldt, Daniel L. Year: 2001 Title: Ethics in computer software design and development Journal: Computers and Electronics in Agriculture Volume: 30 Issue: 1–3 Pages: 85-102 Date: 2// Short Title: Ethics in computer software design and development ISSN: 0168-1699 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0168-1699(00)00158-7 Keywords: Ethics Software design and development Traditional ecological knowledge Indigenous knowledge Intellectual property Information ecologies Abstract: Over the past 20 years, computer software has become integral and commonplace for operational and management tasks throughout agricultural and natural resource disciplines. During this software infusion, however, little thought has been afforded human impacts, both good and bad. This paper examines current ethical issues of software system design and development in relation to privacy, accuracy, property, accessibility, and effects on quality of life. These issues are explored in the context of simulation models, databases, geographic information systems and artificial intelligence programs, especially expert systems. New approaches to system development place a much higher emphasis on the effects of system deployment within a complex human environment. Software design decisions often depend on more than one ethical issue, possibly conflicting, where the appropriate ethical choice is not always clear cut. Professional codes of ethics do little to change peoples’ behavior; rather, incentives for using an ethical approach to software development may lie in significantly increased likelihood of system success. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0168169900001587 Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8526 Author: Sheppard, Stephen R. J. and Cizek, Petr Year: 2009 Title: The ethics of Google Earth: Crossing thresholds from spatial data to landscape visualisation Journal: Journal of Environmental Management Volume: 90 Issue: 6 Pages: 2102-2117 Date: 5// Short Title: The ethics of Google Earth: Crossing thresholds from spatial data to landscape visualisation ISSN: 0301-4797 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2007.09.012 Keywords: Visualisation Virtual globes Ethics GIS Land use planning Participatory decision-making Public policy Spatial data Landscape perception Abstract: ‘Virtual globe’ software systems such as Google Earth are growing rapidly in popularity as a way to visualise and share 3D environmental data. Scientists and environmental professionals, many of whom are new to 3D modeling and visual communications, are beginning routinely to use such techniques in their work. While the appeal of these techniques is evident, with unprecedented opportunities for public access to data and collaborative engagement over the web, are there nonetheless risks in their widespread usage when applied in areas of the public interest such as planning and policy-making? This paper argues that the Google Earth phenomenon, which features realistic imagery of places, cannot be dealt with only as a question of spatial data and geographic information science. The virtual globe type of visualisation crosses several key thresholds in communicating scientific and environmental information, taking it well beyond the realm of conventional spatial data and geographic information science, and engaging more complex dimensions of human perception and aesthetic preference. The realism, perspective views, and social meanings of the landscape visualisations embedded in virtual globes invoke not only cognition but also emotional and intuitive responses, with associated issues of uncertainty, credibility, and bias in interpreting the imagery. This paper considers the types of risks as well as benefits that may exist with participatory uses of virtual globes by experts and lay-people. It is illustrated with early examples from practice and relevant themes from the literature in landscape visualisation and related disciplines such as environmental psychology and landscape planning. Existing frameworks and principles for the appropriate use of environmental visualisation methods are applied to the special case of widely accessible, realistic 3D and 4D visualisation systems such as Google Earth, in the context of public awareness-building and agency decision-making on environmental issues. Relevant principles are suggested which lend themselves to much-needed evaluation of risks and benefits of virtual globe systems. Possible approaches for balancing these benefits and risks include codes of ethics, software design, and metadata templates. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0301479708001151 Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 8299 Author: Liu, Sandy, Liang, Yong and Brooks, Martin Year: 2007 Title: Eucalyptus: a web service-enabled e-infrastructure Conference Name: Proceedings of the 2007 conference of the center for advanced studies on Collaborative research Conference Location: Richmond Hill, Ontario, Canada Publisher: IBM Corp. Pages: 1-11 DOI: 10.1145/1321211.1321213 Place Published: 1321213 Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 8975 Author: Messnarz, R., Ekert, D., Reiner, M. and Sicilia, M. A. Year of Conference: 2012 Title: Europe wide industry certification using standard procedures based on ISO 17024 Conference Name: 2012 Technologies Applied to Electronics Teaching (TAEE) Pages: 342-347 Date: 13-15 June 2012 Short Title: Europe wide industry certification using standard procedures based on ISO 17024 DOI: 10.1109/TAEE.2012.6235462 Keywords: ISO standards certification computer based training continuing professional development educational institutions job specification unemployment DEUCERT Dissemination of EU Certification ECQA members EQN EU Cert Campus EU Certificates Campus EU funded projects European Certification and Qualification Association European Quality Network European Union European industry European projects European universities ISO 17024 standard PAC project educational demographic problem human resource managers industry certification industry educational partnerships job professions job role-based qualification training multinational companies online services online training person certification skills assessment skills browsing skills sets training demographic problem university PhD programs work place Europe Industries Qualifications Standards Training European certification strategy European exam systems European leraning portals European qualification standards Abstract: ECQA (European Certification and Qualification Association) is the result of a series of EU funded projects from 2005-2012. This included European projects such as EQN (European Quality Network, 2005-2007), EU Certificates Campus (2008-2009) and DEUCERT (Dissemination of EU Certification), the ECQA nowadays acts as an organization that is independent from funding. The members of ECQA are widely spread all over Europe and vary from universities to companies as well as individuals. ECQA is aimed at a demographic problem of education and training in the European Union. For people at 40-50 it is many years ago that they attended the university and required skills nowadays are changing every 2-3 years. This means that their skills get outdated and we experience in Europe a growing unemployment from the age of 45 upwards. Universities in Europe are currently not addressing this problem. EQN developed a so called role based qualification concept where e.g. an existing software engineer (who studied informatics some 15 years ago) can identify job roles to upgrade so that he remains a value for the organization. He might receive additional industry qualification for e.g. a safety architect (additionally learning how to enrich existing software architecture with functional safety aspects). This way the person, would for instance, grow into a safety architect position and a younger person who knows more about new programming techniques gets his old position. EQN then developed certification mechanisms for this role based approach for university and industry educational partnerships. EU Cert Campus collected about 15 job roles, structured the corresponding skills sets and established online services. The online services comprise skills browsing, skills assessment, and online training. So people from industry can attend job role based qualification training from the work place. DEUCERT established ambassadors for this new job role based qualification concept Europe and worldwid- . DEUCERT also helped to create a critical mass of partners. At the moment we do have 26 job professions (ready and in progress) that are certified all over Europe and already outside of the European Union. The concept is meanwhile supported by approx. 60 universities and training bodies in Europe. Human resource managers from leading multinational companies called ECQA “a success story” because so far the universities in Europe do not address the mentioned demographic problem and ECQA has already achieved more than 11000 online trainings and more than 6600 certificates in European industry and at university PhD programs. The processes of the ECQA are mapped onto the ISO 17024 international standard for the certification of persons. The PAC project will integrate further skills sets and certification options into the ECQA platform. Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 8265 Author: Dew, Kristin, Turner, Anne M., Desai, Loma, Martin, Nathalie and Kirchhoff, Katrin Year: 2015 Title: Evaluating Groupware Prototypes with Discount Methods Conference Name: Proceedings of the 18th ACM Conference Companion on Computer Supported Cooperative Work & Social Computing Conference Location: Vancouver, BC, Canada Publisher: ACM Pages: 183-186 DOI: 10.1145/2685553.2699002 Place Published: 2699002 Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9522 Author: Babar, M. A. Year of Conference: 2007 Title: Evaluating Product Line Architectures: Methods and Techniques Conference Name: 14th Asia-Pacific Software Engineering Conference (APSEC'07) Pages: 13-13 Date: 4-7 Dec. 2007 Short Title: Evaluating Product Line Architectures: Methods and Techniques ISBN: 1530-1362 DOI: 10.1109/ASPEC.2007.10 Keywords: decision making product development software architecture software performance evaluation software quality software reusability design decision making functional requirements product line architecture quality requirements software architecture evaluation Australia Biographies Collaborative tools Computer architecture Computer industry Knowledge management Research and development Software engineering Abstract: Summary form only given. Good software architecture is one of the key factors in successfully developing and evolving a system or a family of systems. Software architecture provides the key framework for the earliest design decisions taken to achieve functional and quality requirements. In addition, it has a profound influence on project organizations' functioning and structure. Poor architecture usually results in project inefficiencies, poor communication, and poor decision making. Software architecture for a family of systems also helps identify the commonality among different systems and explicitly document variability. Since software architecture plays a significant role in the life of a system, it is important to evaluate a system's architecture as early as possible. Architecture evaluation is considered one of the most important and effective techniques of addressing quality related issues at the software architecture level and mitigating architectural risks. Moreover, architecture evaluation sessions are an effective means of sharing and capturing architecture design rationale, reasoning behind architecture design decisions. This tutorial highlights the benefits and challenges in evaluating software architectures. It discusses theoretical and practical concepts underpinning some of the well-known scenario-based architecture evaluation methods and various approaches to characterize quality attributes using scenarios. The use of the presented methods, techniques, and tools will be demonstrated with a case study based on an industrial project. Notes: Evaluation of architecture Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 8325 Author: Williams, Imano and Yuan, Xiaohong Year: 2015 Title: Evaluating the effectiveness of Microsoft threat modeling tool Conference Name: Proceedings of the 2015 Information Security Curriculum Development Conference Conference Location: Kennesaw, Georgia Publisher: ACM Pages: 1-6 DOI: 10.1145/2885990.2885999 Place Published: 2885999 Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9543 Author: Zayaraz, G., Vijayalakshmi, S. and Vijayalakshmi, V. Year of Conference: 2009 Title: Evaluation of software architectures using multicriteria fuzzy decision making technique Conference Name: 2009 International Conference on Intelligent Agent & Multi-Agent Systems Pages: 1-5 Date: 22-24 July 2009 Short Title: Evaluation of software architectures using multicriteria fuzzy decision making technique DOI: 10.1109/IAMA.2009.5228013 Keywords: decision making fuzzy set theory matrix algebra software architecture architecture selection method multicriteria fuzzy decision making technique product development costs product development cycle software architecture evaluation software design software development Broadcasting Computer architecture Educational institutions Feeds Monitoring Programming Real time systems Software systems Fuzzy Decision Making Quality attributes Abstract: Software architectures is a critical aspect in the design and development of software. Architecture of software is a collection of design decisions that are expensive to change. A correct architecture has the largest single impact on cost and quality of the product. Though architecting constitutes 10% of the product development cycle, it determines 90% of the product development costs. Given the impact that software architecture has on a project's success, the need to choose the right architecture assumes significance. Organizations often need to choose software architecture for future development from several competing candidate architectures. In this paper, a new architecture selection method based on multicriteria fuzzy decision making technique has been developed and validated using a suitable case study. Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8573 Author: Ince, D. D. Year: 1984 Title: The evaluation of software design metrics Journal: Design Studies Volume: 5 Issue: 4 Pages: 239-247 Date: 10// Short Title: The evaluation of software design metrics ISSN: 0142-694X DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0142-694X(84)90059-0 Keywords: design matrices software life cycle Abstract: One of the major problems facing software developers is their inability to rely on metric which quantify the quality of their products. One area where quantitative measures of quality is needed is software design. This paper examines the work that has been carried out in the area of program code metrics and how the results of this work can be used in the evaluation of software design metrics. Finally, the role of such metrics is examined with respect to future developments in software engineering in the UK. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0142694X84900590 Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 8993 Author: Nakamura, Y., Sakamoto, K., Inoue, K., Washizaki, H. and Fukazawa, Y. Year of Conference: 2011 Title: Evaluation of Understandability of UML Class Diagrams by Using Word Similarity Conference Name: 2011 Joint Conference of the 21st International Workshop on Software Measurement and the 6th International Conference on Software Process and Product Measurement Pages: 178-187 Date: 3-4 Nov. 2011 Short Title: Evaluation of Understandability of UML Class Diagrams by Using Word Similarity DOI: 10.1109/IWSM-MENSURA.2011.50 Keywords: Unified Modeling Language software metrics UML class diagram understandability model based software development software evaluation static structure word similarity Compounds Equations Object oriented modeling Software Software measurement Maintainability Software design metrics UML class diagrams Understandability Abstract: UML class diagrams representing the static structure of the relations between different concepts existing in a problem are widely used in model-based software development. However, no effective measures of a class diagram's understandability yet exist. We have devised quantitative measures of a class diagram's understandability and evaluated their validity. We obtained strong correlations between the domain experts' subjective evaluations of the understandability of a class diagram and the measurements of our methods. These results indicate that our measures can effectively quantify the understandability of class diagrams. Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 8027 Author: Saad, Sergio and Arakaki, Reginaldo Year: 2014 Title: An event processing architecture for operational risk management in an industrial environment Conference Name: Proceedings of the 8th ACM International Conference on Distributed Event-Based Systems Conference Location: Mumbai, India Publisher: ACM Pages: 213-224 DOI: 10.1145/2611286.2611307 Place Published: 2611307 Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8855 Author: Almeida, E. E., Luntz, J. E. and Tilbury, D. M. Year: 2007 Title: Event-Condition-Action Systems for Reconfigurable Logic Control Journal: IEEE Transactions on Automation Science and Engineering Volume: 4 Issue: 2 Pages: 167-181 Short Title: Event-Condition-Action Systems for Reconfigurable Logic Control ISSN: 1545-5955 DOI: 10.1109/TASE.2006.880857 Keywords: IEC standards active databases control system CAD discrete event systems expert systems finite state machines flexible manufacturing systems object-oriented programming process control production engineering computing software engineering IEC 61499 function block standard active database computer science diagnosability measures event-condition-action system integrability measures modular finite state machines modular logic controllers design modular verification techniques object-oriented programs reconfigurable logic controllers reconfigurable manufacturing systems rule-based systems software design domain Control systems Databases Design methodology Diagnostic expert systems Logic design Manufacturing systems Reconfigurable logic Software design Data bases discrete event systems (DES) logical control Abstract: The contribution of this paper is the introduction of the event-condition-action (ECA) paradigm for the design of modular logic controllers that are reconfigurable. ECA rules have been used extensively to specify the behavior of active database and expert systems and are recognized as a highly reconfigurable tool to design reactive behavior. This paper develops a method to design modular logic controllers whose dynamics are governed by ECA rules, with the ultimate goal of producing reconfigurable control. Modularity, integrability, and diagnosability measures that have in the past been used to measure the reconfigurability of manufacturing systems are used to assess the reconfigurability of the developed controllers. For the modularity measure, criteria found in computer science to evaluate the modularity of object-oriented programs are adapted to evaluate the modularity of modular logic controllers. The results of this paper are that reconfigurability is highly dependent on the level of modularity of the logic control system, and that not all "modular" structures are reconfigurable. There are approaches, such as the one shown in this paper using ECA rules, that can greatly increase the modularity, integrability, and diagnosability of the logic control system, thus increasing its reconfigurability. Note to Practitioners-This paper has been motivated by the problem of designing reconfigurable modular logic controllers. Reconfiguration is important in manufacturing, but it has also been an issue in the software design domain. There are software systems that currently exist, such as active data bases or expert systems with very powerful reconfiguration capabilities enabled by event-condition-action (ECA) rules. This paper applies the ECA concept to the design of modular logic controllers. This paper begins by describing what an ECA logic system is and then focuses on how ECA logic systems can be implemented with modular control approaches. To this end, two designs are - - considered. First, modular finite state machines are used to construct ECA logic systems, and a theoretical framework is built using this approach. Three qualitative measures for reconfigurability (modularity, integrability, and diagnosability) are presented and the controllers are evaluated using these measures. Second, an implementation using the IEC 61499 function block standard is presented as it is a widely understood and accepted standard for modular control applications. Future work entails theoretical analysis using modular verification techniques that exploit a controller structure Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 7875 Author: Qureshi, Nadia, Usman, Muhammad and Ikram, Naveed Year: 2013 Title: Evidence in software architecture, a systematic literature review Conference Name: Proceedings of the 17th International Conference on Evaluation and Assessment in Software Engineering Conference Location: Porto de Galinhas, Brazil Publisher: ACM Pages: 97-106 DOI: 10.1145/2460999.2461014 Place Published: 2461014 Abstract: Context: Software architecture (SA) plays pivotal role in development and maintenance of large software systems. Architectural decisions impact all subsequent phases in software development life cycle. Structure of large software systems has been in discussion since early 70s but software architecture started emerging as separate discipline since mid-90s. Objective: Researchers have been publishing empirical studies (i.e. case studies, experiments, experience reports) in SA discipline. Empirical literature has been aggregated in other disciplines of software engineering but no such effort has been made in SA. Objective of this study is to aggregate and synthesize the empirical evidence from literature of software architecture to report the trends, patterns and knowledge gaps. Method: To synthesize the empirical work in SA, we conducted a systematic literature review (SLR). This study reports the results of SLR based on 247 included primary studies. Results: Based on the percentage of 247 primary studies we identified that SA Evaluation (28%), non- functional requirements related work (22%) and SA Design (12%) are relatively mature sub areas of SA. Most of the empirical work (59%) in SA uses case study research method. Experiments (20%) and experience reports (14%) are also employed in empirical SA work. Conclusion: SA discipline is maturing as few sub areas of SA are mature and some areas are new and being developed. We have also identified few emerging trends in SA i.e. service oriented architecture, Product line architecture, Aspect oriented architecture, and model driven architecture. Notes: Literature review Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9514 Author: Goaer, O. Le, Tamzalit, D., Oussalah, M. and Seriai, A. D. Year of Conference: 2008 Title: Evolution Shelf: Reusing Evolution Expertise within Component-Based Software Architectures Conference Name: 2008 32nd Annual IEEE International Computer Software and Applications Conference Pages: 311-318 Date: July 28 2008-Aug. 1 2008 Short Title: Evolution Shelf: Reusing Evolution Expertise within Component-Based Software Architectures ISBN: 0730-3157 DOI: 10.1109/COMPSAC.2008.104 Keywords: software architecture software reliability software reusability EOTS evolution style evolution-of-the-shelf reuse techniques reusing evolution expertise semantic description format software development software evolution step software system Application software Books Computer applications Computer architecture Knowledge engineering Laboratories Programming Software libraries Software systems Reuse Library Software Evolution Abstract: Despite that reuse libraries are now well adopted during software development step, software evolution step is not yet covered by this kind of beneficial approach. In this paper we present the "evolution shelf", a generic infrastructure to achieve for-reuse and by-reuse techniques within the field of software evolution. The basic idea behind that is to propose and encourage the reuse of recurring and reliable evolution expertises to achieve the structural evolution of a software system at the architectural level. For that purpose, the shelf assists architects in classifying, storing and selecting reusable architectural evolution operations. The underlying concept that we propose to capitalize the expertises is called "evolution style" and it mixes a syntactic and a semantic description format. These ideas form a core for a long-term vision in which it is possible to build a business model of evolution-of-the-shelf (EOTS) with the special objective to decrease the efforts and the risks related to the evolution activities. Notes: System to improve reuse Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 8248 Author: Goaer, Olivier Le, Tamzalit, Dalila, Oussalah, Mourad Chabane and Seriai, Abdelhak-Djamel Year: 2008 Title: Evolution styles to the rescue of architectural evolution knowledge Conference Name: Proceedings of the 3rd international workshop on Sharing and reusing architectural knowledge Conference Location: Leipzig, Germany Publisher: ACM Pages: 31-36 DOI: 10.1145/1370062.1370071 Place Published: 1370071 Abstract: The core idea is to consider software-architecture evolution tasks as a knowledge that must be clearly modeled and properly managed. The main expected benefit is the reuse of existing and already available evolution expertise rather than reinventing it, sometimes awkwardly and thus avoid time-consuming redundant evolution activities. For this purpose, we propose to use the evolution style concept as a neutral interchange format to capitalize and transfer knowledge about domain-specific evolution tasks. In this paper we put the focus on how it is possible to reason on evolution-styles description libraries through a classification scheme. Specifically, we present the "evolution shelf", an infrastructure to perform (a) incremental acquisition of new evolution descriptions and (b) retrieval of evolution descriptions matching with a given context. Our shelf, dedicated to software architects, relies on well-known repository techniques while updating them to support and exploit the evolution-style concept. Notes: focus on reuse Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8480 Author: Hasheminejad, Seyed Mohammad Hossein and Jalili, Saeed Year: 2014 Title: An evolutionary approach to identify logical components Journal: Journal of Systems and Software Volume: 96 Pages: 24-50 Date: 10// Short Title: An evolutionary approach to identify logical components ISSN: 0164-1212 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jss.2014.05.033 Keywords: Logical component identification Search-based software design Genetic algorithm Abstract: AbstractContext Identifying suitable components during the software design phase is an important way to obtain more maintainable software. Many methods including Graph Partitioning, Clustering-based, CRUD-based, and FCA-based methods have been proposed to identify components at an early stage of software design. However, most of these methods use classical clustering techniques, which rely on expert judgment. Objective In this paper, we propose a novel method for component identification, called SBLCI (Search-Based Logical Component Identification), which is based on GA (genetic algorithm), and complies with an iterative scheme to obtain logical components. Method SBLCI identifies logical components of a system from its analysis models using a customized GA, which considers cohesion and coupling metrics as its fitness function, and has four novel guided GA operators based on the cohesive component concept. In addition, SBLCI has an iterative scheme in which it initially identifies high-level components in the first iteration. Then, in the next iterations, it identifies low-level sub-components for each identified component in previous iterations. Results We evaluated the effectiveness of SBLCI with three real-world cases. Results revealed that SBLCI is a better alternative for identifying logical components and sub-components in comparison with existing component identification methods. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0164121214001228 Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9363 Author: Dazhi, Jiang, Zhijian, Wu, Jun, Zou, Jianwei, Zhang and Lishan, Kang Year of Conference: 2008 Title: Evolutionary modeling based on overlap reuse Conference Name: 2008 IEEE Congress on Evolutionary Computation (IEEE World Congress on Computational Intelligence) Pages: 612-616 Date: 1-6 June 2008 Short Title: Evolutionary modeling based on overlap reuse ISBN: 1089-778X DOI: 10.1109/CEC.2008.4630859 Keywords: evolutionary computation software reusability evolutionary modeling algorithm overlap reuse software design software development software engineering Abstract: Reuse (or reusability) plays an important role in the software engineering. The software reuse technique, considered as an effective approach to improve the productivity, can reduce the cost in software design and development. This paper introduces the concept of reuse in the software into the chromosome and presents an evolutionary modeling algorithm based on the overlapped reuse. Furthermore, a new gene reading & computing machine is constructed for calculating the fitness of chromosome which has the characteristic of reusability. As a new kind of modeling algorithm, this is a new research way for evolutionary modeling. Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 8130 Author: Tamai, Tetsuo Year: 2002 Title: Evolvable programming based on collaboration-field and role model Conference Name: Proceedings of the International Workshop on Principles of Software Evolution Conference Location: Orlando, Florida Publisher: ACM Pages: 1-5 DOI: 10.1145/512035.512037 Place Published: 512037 Abstract: This is a brief introduction to our research on a collaboration field and role model aiming to support evolvable software design and programming. Notes: not research, just introduction Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8252 Author: Rees, Michael J. Year: 2002 Title: Evolving the browser towards a standard user interface architecture Journal: Aust. Comput. Sci. Commun. Volume: 24 Issue: 4 Pages: 1-7 Short Title: Evolving the browser towards a standard user interface architecture DOI: 10.1145/563997.563986 Legal Note: 563986 Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 8253 Author: Rees, Michael J. Year: 2002 Title: Evolving the browser towards a standard user interface architecture Conference Name: Proceedings of the Third Australasian conference on User interfaces - Volume 7 Conference Location: Melbourne, Victoria, Australia Publisher: Australian Computer Society, Inc. Pages: 1-7 Place Published: 563986 Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 9105 Author: Favaro, J. Year: 2012 Title: Excellence in Search: An Interview with David Chaiken Journal: IEEE Software Volume: 29 Issue: 1 Pages: 84-86 Short Title: Excellence in Search: An Interview with David Chaiken ISSN: 0740-7459 DOI: 10.1109/MS.2012.7 Keywords: Interviews Software algorithms Software architecture algorithms programming basics software design software engineering Abstract: In June 2011, IEEE Software associate editor John Favaro interviewed search engine giant Yahoo's chief architect David Chaiken about algorithms and today's practitioner. Chaiken gave a keynote speech at SATURN 2011 on "Architecture at Internet Scale" that stressed a set of timeless principles that software engineers seemingly have to relearn continuously. Here, he describes the role algorithms play in the programmer's toolkit. Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8968 Author: Cristian, F. Year: 1982 Title: Exception Handling and Software Fault Tolerance Journal: IEEE Transactions on Computers Volume: C-31 Issue: 6 Pages: 531-540 Short Title: Exception Handling and Software Fault Tolerance ISSN: 0018-9340 DOI: 10.1109/TC.1982.1676035 Keywords: Exception exception handling failure fault fault avoidance fault tolerance hierarchical structure module procedure recovery Algorithm design and analysis Application software Computer languages Hardware Production Robustness Runtime Software design Software tools Abstract: Some basic concepts underlying the issue of fault-tolerant software design are investigated. Relying on these concepts, a unified point of view on programmed exception handling and default exception handling based on automatic backward recovery is constructed. The cause–effect relationship between software design faults and failure occurrences is explored and a class of faults for which default exception handling can provide effective fault tolerance is characterized. It is also shown that there exists a second class of design faults which cannot be tolerated by using default exception handling. The role that software verification methods can play in avoiding the production of such faults is discussed. Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8767 Author: Nord, Jeretta Horn and Nord, G. Daryl Year: 1995 Title: Executive information systems: A study and comparative analysis Journal: Information & Management Volume: 29 Issue: 2 Pages: 95-106 Date: 8// Short Title: Executive information systems: A study and comparative analysis ISSN: 0378-7206 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0378-7206(95)00013-M Keywords: Executive information systems Executive support systems Decision support systems Abstract: Decision support software designed to meet specific needs of executives is referred to as an Executive Information System (EIS). This provides a means for information to be accessed, created, and analyzed-on-demand by high-level executives using personal computers, local area networks, minicomputers, or a centralized mainframe. Executive decisions are generally broad and based, to a large extent, on intuition. These characteristics are reflected in the executive decision-making environment, which is itself characterized by a lack of structure, a high degree of uncertainty, a future orientation, informal sources, and a low level of detail. Executive Information Systems can directly aid and support some business decisions. Strategic-planning capabilities, an external environment focus, ease of learning and use, and custom tailoring to meet the unique needs of individual executives are common properties of Executive Information Systems. This paper reports the findings of a study of executives in major U.S. corporations regarding the status, trends, benefits, and plans for future development of Executive Information Systems. A comparative analysis of user satisfaction and specific issues associated with the leading EIS Systems is also presented. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/037872069500013M Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 8242 Author: Dilli, Renato, Filho, Huberto Kaiser, Pernas, Ana Marilza and Yamin, Adenauer Year: 2017 Title: EXEHDA-RR: Machine Learning and MCDA with Semantic Web in IoT Resources Classification Conference Name: Proceedings of the 23rd Brazillian Symposium on Multimedia and the Web Conference Location: Gramado, RS, Brazil Publisher: ACM Pages: 293-300 DOI: 10.1145/3126858.3126880 Place Published: 3126880 Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 8844 Author: Villegas, L. E. M. and Carrillo, P. J. R. Year of Conference: 2011 Title: Experiences in developing an e-learning system for language learning and teaching Conference Name: 2011 6th Colombian Computing Congress (CCC) Pages: 1-6 Date: 4-6 May 2011 Short Title: Experiences in developing an e-learning system for language learning and teaching DOI: 10.1109/COLOMCC.2011.5936281 Keywords: computer aided instruction software architecture e-learning development process e-learning interactivity e-learning socialization e-learning system language learning language teaching learner linguistic performance assessment Electronic learning Internet Java Materials Software XML technology development Abstract: This paper presents the development of an e-learning system for language learning and teaching. This system is characterized by its interactivity and socialization, constant support and immediate assessment of learners' linguistic performance. These distinguishing pedagogical features played an important role in the system development process. Aspects concerning the choice of the methodology, the selection of the architecture, the implementation and the evaluation of the system are discussed in detail in this document. Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9125 Author: Jandl, M., Alber, M., Radinger, W. and Goeschka, K. M. Year of Conference: 2004 Title: Experiences in integration and reuse of CORBA-interfaced software with directory services and Web services Conference Name: 37th Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, 2004. Proceedings of the Pages: 10 pp. Date: 5-8 Jan. 2004 Short Title: Experiences in integration and reuse of CORBA-interfaced software with directory services and Web services DOI: 10.1109/HICSS.2004.1265646 Keywords: Internet XML access protocols distributed object management middleware software architecture software reusability CORBA-interfaced software Web service common object request broker architecture directory service distributed legacy system eXtensible Markup Language lightweight directory access protocol mapping schema object access protocol Application software Companies Robustness Simple object access protocol Software systems Web services Abstract: Distributed legacy systems often provide complex and extensive interfaces. Even if these interfaces consist of standardized CORBA (common object request broker architecture) definitions, they still require too much in-depth knowledge for easy third party integration of small additional components, which could in principle be achieved with just a small subset of the interfaces' functionality. Therefore, we used XML (extensible markup language) to tag particular parts of the middleware's interface for easy third party access with simple protocols, like the lightweight directory access protocol for directory services, or the simple object access protocol for Web services. The respective requests are then dynamically mapped to suitable CORBA operation invocations. We provide the mapping schema and the software architecture for a real-life example. The XML tagging has proven to be a powerful means of abstraction, which allows for robust and easy but flexible access to complex and even continuously changing distributed middleware. Therefore, XML plays a major role for heterogeneous interface descriptions, where middleware technologies and simple access services will coexist in the future. Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 8118 Author: Wu, Yen-Yi Year: 1993 Title: Experiences in using Ada to implement an OO software design Conference Name: Proceedings of the tenth annual Washington Ada symposium on Ada: Ada's role in software engineering Conference Location: McLean, Virginia, USA Publisher: ACM Pages: 65-70 DOI: 10.1145/260096.260241 Place Published: 260241 Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 8202 Author: Montemerlo, Michael, Pineau, Joelle, Roy, Nicholas, Thrun, Sebastian and Verma, Vandi Year: 2002 Title: Experiences with a mobile robotic guide for the elderly Conference Name: Eighteenth national conference on Artificial intelligence Conference Location: Edmonton, Alberta, Canada Publisher: American Association for Artificial Intelligence Pages: 587-592 Place Published: 777183 Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9530 Author: Heijstek, W., Kuhne, T. and Chaudron, M. R. V. Year of Conference: 2011 Title: Experimental Analysis of Textual and Graphical Representations for Software Architecture Design Conference Name: 2011 International Symposium on Empirical Software Engineering and Measurement Pages: 167-176 Date: 22-23 Sept. 2011 Short Title: Experimental Analysis of Textual and Graphical Representations for Software Architecture Design ISBN: 1949-3770 DOI: 10.1109/ESEM.2011.25 Keywords: computer graphics document handling software architecture English graphical representations software architecture design documentation software developers textual artifacts textual representations visual artifacts Computer architecture Data mining Documentation Media Software Unified modeling language controlled experiment global software development software architecture design textual notation visual notation Abstract: Software architecture design documentation should communicate design decisions effectively. However, little is known about the way recipients respond to the different types of media used in documentation. We therefore conducted a controlled experiment to study whether visual or textual artifacts are more effective in communicating architecture software design decisions to software developers. Our participant group consisted of 47 participants from both industry and academia. Our results show that neither diagrams nor textual descriptions proved to be significantly more efficient in terms of communicating software architecture design decisions. Remarkably, participants who predominantly used text, scored significantly better, overall and with respect to topology related questions. Furthermore, surprisingly, diagrams were not able to alleviate the difficulties participants with a native language other than English had in extracting information from the documentation. In combination, these findings at the very least question the role of diagrams in software architecture documentation. Notes: students... 'File' Atttachments: internal-pdf://4101295963/Experimental Analysis of Textual and Graphical.pdf Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 9624 Author: Locke, C. Year: 1990 Title: Expert focus-pushing the envelope: space telerobotics at Carnegie Mellon University Journal: IEEE Expert Volume: 5 Issue: 3 Pages: 2-6 Short Title: Expert focus-pushing the envelope: space telerobotics at Carnegie Mellon University ISSN: 0885-9000 DOI: 10.1109/64.54668 Keywords: aerospace computing astronomical telescopes astronomy computing mobile robots scheduling space research Ambler planetary rover Ambler planetary rover project Hubble space telescope scheduling system complex planning comprehensive research program extraterrestrial planetary surfaces intelligent machine scheduling problems self-mobile space manipulator software architecture space manipulator robot space station space structures space telerobotics space-oriented projects Intelligent robots Machine intelligence Manipulators Orbital robotics Space stations Space technology Telerobotics Telescopes Abstract: Three space-oriented projects at CMU's Robotics Institute are described: the Ambler planetary rover, the self-mobile space manipulator and the Hubble space telescope scheduling system. The Ambler planetary rover project is a comprehensive research program to design and build an intelligent machine that will explore and sample extraterrestrial planetary surfaces. The self-mobile space manipulator robot is part of an effort to develop technologies that will enable mobile robots to be used on the space station and other space structures. The Hubble space telescope scheduling (HSTS) Project is developing a software architecture to formulate and solve complex planning and scheduling problems.<> Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8438 Author: Weinreich, Rainer, Groher, Iris and Miesbauer, Cornelia Year: 2015 Title: An expert survey on kinds, influence factors and documentation of design decisions in practice Journal: Future Generation Computer Systems Volume: 47 Pages: 145-160 Date: 6// Short Title: An expert survey on kinds, influence factors and documentation of design decisions in practice ISSN: 0167-739X DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.future.2014.12.002 Keywords: Software architecture knowledge management Design decisions Design decision classification Design decision influence factors Design decision documentation Abstract: Support for capturing architectural knowledge has been identified as an important research challenge. As the basis for an approach to recovering design decisions and capturing their rationale, we performed an expert survey in practice to gain insights into the different kinds, influence factors, and sources for design decisions and also into how they are currently captured in practice. The survey was conducted with 25 software architects, software team leads, and senior developers from 22 different companies in 10 different countries with more than 13 years of experience in software development on average. The survey confirms earlier work by other authors on design decision classification and influence factors, and also identifies additional kinds of decisions and influence factors not mentioned in previous work. In addition, we gained insight into the practice of capturing, the relative importance of different decisions and influence factors, and into potential sources for recovering decisions. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167739X14002556 'File' Attachments: internal-pdf://2677002452/An expert survey on kinds, influence factors a.pdf Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8646 Author: Fernandez, Abel, Biegel, John and Earhart, Jeff Year: 1992 Title: Expert system for IE student advisement Journal: Computers & Industrial Engineering Volume: 23 Issue: 1–4 Pages: 365-367 Date: 11// Short Title: Expert system for IE student advisement ISSN: 0360-8352 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0360-8352(92)90137-9 Abstract: Student advising is a key function within an academic environment. An expert system may be used as a first line of response to students' advising needs. The system currently under development, uses hypermedia as the interface between user and hidden expert system routines. Hypermedia allows use of user oriented facilities (icon driven menus, branching following user requests, digitized photographs, video discs, animation, etc). The software architecture chosen is that of a hypergraph with embedded, distributed expert systems. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0360835292901379 Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9152 Author: Annaiahshetty, K. and Prasad, N. Year of Conference: 2013 Title: Expert System for Multiple Domain Experts Knowledge Acquisition in Software Design and Development Conference Name: 2013 UKSim 15th International Conference on Computer Modelling and Simulation Pages: 196-201 Date: 10-12 April 2013 Short Title: Expert System for Multiple Domain Experts Knowledge Acquisition in Software Design and Development DOI: 10.1109/UKSim.2013.124 Keywords: expert systems knowledge acquisition software engineering SDLC agile development methodology design artifact domain expert knowledge acquisition expert system iterative methodology scrum methodology software analysis software design software development software development life cycle software organization software realization software requirements v-model methodology waterfall methodology Business Computers Software AI Domain Experts Knowledge Base Abstract: In the software development life cycle (SDLC), the highly complex part of developing successful software's largely depends in the initial phases, such as analysis and requirements gathering to produce right design artifacts. Today the software organization adapted many development methodologies, beginning from waterfall, scrum, v-model, iterative to agile development methodologies, different frameworks, design tools, and domain model tools. But the foremost role and deciding factor for success or failure of the software is largely depends on the Domain Experts (Architects, Business Analyst, Design Engineers and Stack Holders), in the current software realization. This paper will attempt to design and develop an expert system to assist the software developer in the complete software development life cycle with multiple domain experts' such as Telecom, Banking, Insurance, Logistics, Healthcare, Satellite and many more knowledge acquisition. The specific goals of this research include knowledge acquisition specific to the problems of using multiple domain experts, design and development of a prototype expert system for software development, and validation of the prototype expert system. Notes: expert system 'File' Atttachments: internal-pdf://0277972532/Expert System for Multiple Domain Experts.pdf Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 9047 Author: Cox, I. J. Year: 1984 Title: Expert systems Journal: Electronics and Power Volume: 30 Issue: 3 Pages: 237-240 Short Title: Expert systems ISSN: 0013-5127 DOI: 10.1049/ep.1984.0119 Abstract: Expert systems represent a programming methodology by which a computer can be instructed to perform tasks which have previously been considered to require the intelligence of a human expert. As such, it is expected that expert systems will have a major influence on future software design. Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 8800 Author: Samaan, M., Landau, I. D., Saad, M. M' and Manguin, B. Year of Conference: 1989 Title: EXPERT-AD: an environment for off-line and real time computer aided control design Conference Name: IEEE Control Systems Society Workshop on Computer-Aided Control System Design Pages: 138-142 Date: 16 Dec 1989 Short Title: EXPERT-AD: an environment for off-line and real time computer aided control design DOI: 10.1109/CACSD.1989.69842 Keywords: control system CAD expert systems EXPERT-AD adaptive control development tools off-line design real time computer aided control design software architecture software development software environment Application software Assembly Automatic control Communication system control Computer architecture Control design Control systems Hardware Open loop systems Software tools Abstract: An environment for the development of control applications for design and real-time control, EXPERT-AD is presented. The desirable characteristics of such a software environment are examined in detail. The advantages of using such an environment are illustrated by the development of software for adaptive control which could operate in simulation or in real time. The software architecture and the development tools are presented Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 7810 Author: Sonnentag, Sabine Year: 1998 Title: Expertise in professional software design: A process study Journal: Journal of Applied Psychology Volume: 83 Issue: 5 Pages: 703-715 Short Title: Expertise in professional software design: A process study ISSN: 1939-1854(Electronic),0021-9010(Print) DOI: 10.1037/0021-9010.83.5.703 Keywords: *Computer Software *Employee Characteristics *Job Knowledge *Job Performance *Professional Personnel Job Experience Level Abstract: Forty professional software designers participated in a study in which they worked on a software design task and reported strategies for accomplishing that task. High performers were identified by a peer-nomination method and performance on a design. Verbal protocol analysis based on a comparison of 12 high and 12 moderate performers indicated that high performers structured their design process by local planning and showed more feedback processing, whereas moderate performers were more engaged in analyzing requirements and verbalizing task-irrelevant cognitions. High performers more often described problem comprehension and cooperation with colleagues as useful strategies. High and moderate performers did not differ with respect to length of experience. None of the differences between the two performance groups could be explained by length of experience. 'File' Attachments: internal-pdf://1443479783/Expertise in professional software design A pr.pdf Reference Type: Book Section Record Number: 7809 Author: Sonnentag, Sabine, Niessen, Cornelia and Volmer, Judith Year: 2009 Title: Expertise in software design Editor: Ericsson, K. Anders, Charness, Neil, Feltovich, Paul J. and Hoffman, Robert R. Book Title: Cambridge handbook of expertise and expert performance Place Published: Cambridge Publisher: Cambridge Univesity Press Short Title: Expertise in software design ISBN: 9780521600811 Abstract: In this chapter, we review research evidence on expertise in software design, computer programming, and related tasks. Research in this domain is particularly interesting because it refers both to rather general features and processes associated with expertise (e.g., knowledge representation, problem-solving strategies) and to specific characteristics of high performers in an economically relevant real-world setting. Therefore, in this chapter we draw on literature from various £elds, mainly from cognitive psychology, but also from work and organizational psychology and from the software-design literature within computer science. Our chapter is organized as follows: In the first main section we provide a brief description of the domain and give an overview of tasks in software development. Next, we briefly describe the expertise concept and distinguish between a conceptualization of expertise as years of experience and expertise as high performance. The third main se ction is the core part of this chapter. In this section, we review empirical research on expertise in tasks such as software design, programming, program comprehension, testing, and debugging. Moreover, we describe how expert performers differ from non-experts with respect to knowledge as well as communication and cooperation processes. In the final section, we present directions for future research and discuss some practical implications. URL: https://opus4.kobv.de/opus4-bamberg/frontdoor/index/index/docId/25079 Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 7904 Author: Schmerl, Bradley and Garlan, David Year: 2002 Title: Exploiting architectural design knowledge to support self-repairing systems Conference Name: Proceedings of the 14th international conference on Software engineering and knowledge engineering Conference Location: Ischia, Italy Publisher: ACM Pages: 241-248 DOI: 10.1145/568760.568804 Place Published: 568804 Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 8147 Author: Mattmann, Chris A., Woollard, David and Medvidovic, Nenad Year: 2008 Title: Exploiting connector knowledge to efficiently disseminate highly voluminous data sets Conference Name: Proceedings of the 3rd international workshop on Sharing and reusing architectural knowledge Conference Location: Leipzig, Germany Publisher: ACM Pages: 37-40 DOI: 10.1145/1370062.1370072 Place Published: 1370072 Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 8891 Author: Davidson, E. M., McArthur, S. D. J., Dolan, M. J. and McDonald, J. R. Year of Conference: 2009 Title: Exploiting intelligent systems techniques within an autonomous regional active network management system Conference Name: 2009 IEEE Power & Energy Society General Meeting Pages: 1-8 Date: 26-30 July 2009 Short Title: Exploiting intelligent systems techniques within an autonomous regional active network management system ISBN: 1932-5517 DOI: 10.1109/PES.2009.5275418 Keywords: IEC standards case-based reasoning constraint handling distributed control distribution networks load distribution load flow control multi-agent systems planning (artificial intelligence) power engineering computing power system management substations voltage control AI planning AuRA-NMS IEC 61850 compliant substation computing hardware UK automatic network restoration autonomous regional active network management system constraint programming distribution network operators intelligent systems techniques measurement error multi-agent systems technology network performance optimisation power flow management real time power systems simulator software architecture Automatic voltage control Educational institutions Energy management Intelligent networks Intelligent systems Power system planning Power system restoration Power system simulation Cooperative systems Abstract: This paper discusses AuRA-NMS, an autonomous regional active network management system currently being developed in the UK through a partnership between several UK universities, two distribution network operators (DNO) and ABB. The scope of control to be undertaken by AuRA-NMS includes: automatic restoration, voltage control, power flow management and implementation of network performance optimisation strategies. Part of the scientific aims of the AuRA-NMS programme is the investigation and comparison of the use of different techniques for making the control decisions above. The techniques under consideration range from the use of optimisation techniques, such as OPF, to the use of intelligent systems techniques, such as constraint programming, case-based reasoning and AI planning. In this paper the authors consider the role that intelligent systems techniques could play within active network management and reports on preliminary results gathered from the testing of prototype software running on commercially available IEC 61850 compliant substation computing hardware, connected to a real time power systems simulator. The importance of an appropriate comparative testing methodology, as well as the need for assessing the robustness of different techniques in the presence of communication failures and measurement errors, is also discussed. A key element in the development of AuRA-NMS is the use of multi-agent systems (MAS) technology to provide a flexible and extensible software architecture in which the techniques above can be deployed. As a result, the use (MAS) in conjunction with IEC 61850 and the common information model within AuRA-NMS is described. Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8287 Author: Armano, Giuliano and Ledda, Filippo Year: 2012 Title: Exploiting Intrastructure Information for Secondary Structure Prediction with Multifaceted Pipelines Journal: IEEE/ACM Trans. Comput. Biol. Bioinformatics Volume: 9 Issue: 3 Pages: 799-808 Short Title: Exploiting Intrastructure Information for Secondary Structure Prediction with Multifaceted Pipelines ISSN: 1545-5963 DOI: 10.1109/tcbb.2011.159 Legal Note: 2189820 Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 9294 Author: Armano, G. and Ledda, F. Year: 2012 Title: Exploiting Intrastructure Information for Secondary Structure Prediction with Multifaceted Pipelines Journal: IEEE/ACM Transactions on Computational Biology and Bioinformatics Volume: 9 Issue: 3 Pages: 799-808 Short Title: Exploiting Intrastructure Information for Secondary Structure Prediction with Multifaceted Pipelines ISSN: 1545-5963 DOI: 10.1109/TCBB.2011.159 Keywords: Internet bioinformatics information systems molecular biophysics proteins bioinformatic tasks downloadable stand-alone portable unpack-run bundle exploiting intrastructure information generic architecture generic software architecture multifaceted pipelines secondary structure prediction sequence encoding schemes tertiary structure prediction web application Amino acids Computer architecture Correlation Encoding Pipelines Prediction algorithms artificial neural networks. ensemble architectures protein encoding schemes Algorithms Databases, Protein Protein Structure, Secondary Sequence Analysis, Protein Abstract: Predicting the secondary structure of proteins is still a typical step in several bioinformatic tasks, in particular, for tertiary structure prediction. Notwithstanding the impressive results obtained so far, mostly due to the advent of sequence encoding schemes based on multiple alignment, in our view the problem should be studied from a novel perspective, in which understanding how available information sources are dealt with plays a central role. After revisiting a well-known secondary structure predictor viewed from this perspective (with the goal of identifying which sources of information have been considered and which have not), we propose a generic software architecture designed to account for all relevant information sources. To demonstrate the validity of the approach, a predictor compliant with the proposed generic architecture has been implemented and compared with several state-of-the-art secondary structure predictors. Experiments have been carried out on standard data sets, and the corresponding results confirm the validity of the approach. The predictor is available at http://iasc.diee.unica.it/ssp2/ through the corresponding web application or as downloadable stand-alone portable unpack-and-run bundle. Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 8045 Author: Micucci, Daniela Year: 2002 Title: Exploiting the kaleidoscope architecture in an industrial environmental monitoring system with heterogeneous devices and a knowledge-based supervisor Conference Name: Proceedings of the 14th international conference on Software engineering and knowledge engineering Conference Location: Ischia, Italy Publisher: ACM Pages: 685-688 DOI: 10.1145/568760.568878 Place Published: 568878 Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8619 Author: Roemer, Lorrie K., Richardson, Stephanie J., Rocha, Roberto A., Del Fiol, Guilherme and Bradshaw, Richard L. Year: 2004 Title: Exploratory case method to determine the frequency of redundant orders within manually consolidated order lists Journal: International Journal of Medical Informatics Volume: 73 Issue: 7–8 Pages: 639-645 Date: 8// Short Title: Exploratory case method to determine the frequency of redundant orders within manually consolidated order lists ISSN: 1386-5056 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijmedinf.2004.04.012 Keywords: User-computer interface Software design Clinical practice guidelines Medical errors Computerized provider order entry (CPOE) Abstract: A computerized provider order entry (CPOE) system can provide an efficient means of retrieving and consolidating order lists from multiple electronic clinical practice standards and protocols. However, the consolidated order list may contain exact duplicate or overlapping orders. Benner’s framework for levels of nursing expertise can be used to explicate the variability of the nurse’s responses to redundancies in order lists and the potential compromise to patient safety. An exploratory case method was performed to consolidate 74 orders from 11 sources. The consolidated order list contained 35% fewer orders after the redundant orders were removed. Our work has shown that many redundant orders may arise by consolidating order lists from multiple electronic standards. It is imperative that consolidated electronic order lists be manageable by the nurse according to their level of clinical and computer expertise, and that redundant orders are resolved before being displayed to the nurse. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1386505604000838 Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8735 Author: Miller, James A., Ferrari, Remo and Madhavji, Nazim H. Year: 2010 Title: An exploratory study of architectural effects on requirements decisions Journal: Journal of Systems and Software Volume: 83 Issue: 12 Pages: 2441-2455 Date: 12// Short Title: An exploratory study of architectural effects on requirements decisions ISSN: 0164-1212 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jss.2010.07.006 Keywords: Software architecture Requirements engineering Empirical study Software quality Process improvement Quantitative and qualitative research Architecture and requirements technology Abstract: The question of the “manner in which an existing software architecture affects requirements decision-making” is considered important in the research community; however, to our knowledge, this issue has not been scientifically explored. We do not know, for example, the characteristics of such architectural effects. This paper describes an exploratory study on this question. Specific types of architectural effects on requirements decisions are identified, as are different aspects of the architecture together with the extent of their effects. This paper gives quantitative measures and qualitative interpretation of the findings. The understanding gained from this study has several implications in the areas of: project planning and risk management, requirements engineering (RE) and software architecture (SA) technology, architecture evolution, tighter integration of RE and SA processes, and middleware in architectures. Furthermore, we describe several new hypotheses that have emerged from this study, that provide grounds for future empirical work. This study involved six RE teams (of university students), whose task was to elicit new requirements for upgrading a pre-existing banking software infrastructure. The data collected was based on a new meta-model for requirements decisions, which is a bi-product of this study. Notes: university student research URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0164121210001779 Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9317 Author: Babar, M. A. Year of Conference: 2009 Title: An exploratory study of architectural practices and challenges in using agile software development approaches Conference Name: 2009 Joint Working IEEE/IFIP Conference on Software Architecture & European Conference on Software Architecture Pages: 81-90 Date: 14-17 Sept. 2009 Short Title: An exploratory study of architectural practices and challenges in using agile software development approaches DOI: 10.1109/WICSA.2009.5290794 Keywords: software architecture software development management agile software development approach architectural challenges architectural practices Bridges Computer architecture Computer industry Costs Data analysis Large-scale systems Programming Software systems agile approaches empirical studies qualitative research Abstract: Agile software development approaches have recently gained popularity as a mechanism for reducing cost and increasing ability to handle change in dynamic market conditions. However, there is also a significant concern about the role and importance of the issues related to the software architecture of a system being developed using agile approaches. There is to date little empirical evidence available on what software architecture related practices are followed by teams using agile approaches and the kinds of architectural challenges resulting from using agile approaches. This paper reports a case study aimed to empirically identify and understand the architectural practices and challenges of teams using agile approaches. The findings provide useful information about the researched issues and also highlight the areas that need to be focused on for integrating agile and architecture-centric approaches. 'File' Atttachments: internal-pdf://1470541689/An exploratory study of architectural practice.pdf Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8461 Author: de Graaf, K. A., Liang, P., Tang, A., van Hage, W. R. and van Vliet, H. Year: 2014 Title: An exploratory study on ontology engineering for software architecture documentation Journal: Computers in Industry Volume: 65 Issue: 7 Pages: 1053-1064 Date: 9// Short Title: An exploratory study on ontology engineering for software architecture documentation ISSN: 0166-3615 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compind.2014.04.006 Keywords: Ontology engineering Software architecture Software ontology Ontology-based documentation Knowledge acquisition Knowledge management Abstract: The usefulness of Software Architecture (SA) documentation depends on how well its Architectural Knowledge (AK) can be retrieved by the stakeholders in a software project. Recent findings show that the use of ontology-based SA documentation is promising. However, different roles in software development have different needs for AK, and building an ontology to suit these needs is challenging. In this paper we describe an approach to build an ontology for SA documentation. This approach involves the use of typical questions for eliciting and constructing an ontology. We outline eight contextual factors, which influence the successful construction of an ontology, especially in complex software projects with diverse AK users. We tested our ‘typical question’ approach in a case study and report how it can be used for acquiring and modeling AK needs. Notes: model data structure URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0166361514000840 Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8987 Author: Díaz-Pace, J. A. and Campo, M. R. Year: 2008 Title: Exploring Alternative Software Architecture Designs: A Planning Perspective Journal: IEEE Intelligent Systems Volume: 23 Issue: 5 Pages: 66-77 Short Title: Exploring Alternative Software Architecture Designs: A Planning Perspective ISSN: 1541-1672 DOI: 10.1109/MIS.2008.78 Keywords: planning (artificial intelligence) software architecture software quality Al-based tool DesignBots framework artificial intelligence decision making hierarchical mixed-initiative planning model software architecture design software quality-attribute requirement AI planning architectural design framework quality attributes tool support Abstract: Software architecture designs give us blueprints to build systems, enabling key early decisions that can help us achieve a system's functional and quality-attribute requirements. Architectural decisions have far-reaching effects on development in terms of quality, time, and cost. Architects apply technical knowledge and experience to guide their decision making, choosing among multiple design solutions to find a reasonable balance of quality attributes such as performance, modifiability, or security. This is complex and time consuming because qualities can conflict and lead to trade-offs. A trade-off means that the improvement of one quality comes at the cost of degrading another for example, modifiability versus performance. The DesignBots framework supports architects in searching for design alternatives by capturing quality-attribute design concepts into a hierarchical, mixed-initiative planning model. Overall, this work reinforces the argument that Al-based tools can facilitate the design of architectures driven by quality-attribute issues. Notes: tool support for alternatives Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 7688 Author: Harper, K. E. and Zheng, J. Year of Conference: 2015 Title: Exploring Software Architecture Context Conference Name: 2015 12th Working IEEE/IFIP Conference on Software Architecture Pages: 123-126 Date: 4-8 May 2015 Short Title: Exploring Software Architecture Context DOI: 10.1109/WICSA.2015.22 Keywords: IEC standards IEEE standards ISO standards software architecture IEC IEEE 42010 ISO architecture description elements architecture design context architecture framework metamodel decision force industry stakeholders software architecture context system environment Computer architecture Conferences Context Documentation Force Software architecture decisions architecture descriptions architecture viewpoints Abstract: Architecture description can be modeled as a set of alternative choices and decisions, where the rationale and tradeoffs for each decision are documented and understood as needed to inform subsequent decisions. Each decision, based on ISO/IEC/IEEE 42010, pertains to one or more stakeholder concerns. These concerns combined with the system environment and scenarios provide architecture design context that clarifies the motivation for decisions. Subsequent authors have introduced the notion of an influencing decision force, using a many-to-many relationship with concern, to provide further context for decisions. For both concerns and forces it is left to the architect to identify the nature of this context. This paper proposes a systematic process for identifying and documenting design context in support of architectural decisions. For our work decision force is used as a central unifying aspect of the architecture framework metamodel. We extend the decision Forces Viewpoint to capture detailed design context descriptions, and add features for tagging the architecture description elements to facilitate identification of commonality, classification, and specialization. Initial feedback from industry stakeholders indicates this approach should be explored further. Notes: Extend architecture rationale, not skills Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 8307 Author: McCormick, Patrick, Sweeney, Christine, Moss, Nick, Prichard, Dean, Gutierrez, Samuel K., Davis, Kei and Mohd-Yusof, Jamaludin Year: 2014 Title: Exploring the construction of a domain-aware toolchain for high-performance computing Conference Name: Proceedings of the Fourth International Workshop on Domain-Specific Languages and High-Level Frameworks for High Performance Computing Conference Location: New Orleans, Louisiana Publisher: IEEE Press Pages: 1-10 DOI: 10.1109/wolfhpc.2014.9 Place Published: 2691167 Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9271 Author: McCormick, P., Sweeney, C., Moss, N., Prichard, D., Gutierrez, S. K., Davis, K. and Mohd-Yusof, J. Year of Conference: 2014 Title: Exploring the Construction of a Domain-Aware Toolchain for High-Performance Computing Conference Name: 2014 Fourth International Workshop on Domain-Specific Languages and High-Level Frameworks for High Performance Computing Pages: 1-10 Date: 17-17 Nov. 2014 Short Title: Exploring the Construction of a Domain-Aware Toolchain for High-Performance Computing DOI: 10.1109/WOLFHPC.2014.9 Keywords: high level languages parallel processing software engineering Scout DSL domain-aware toolchain domain-specific languages high-performance computing language extensions software design methodologies Computer architecture DSL Graphics processing units Image color analysis Runtime Syntactics Abstract: The push towards exascale computing has sparked a new set of explorations for providing new productive programming environments. While many efforts are focusing on the design and development of domain-specific languages (DSLs), few have addressed the need for providing a fully domain-aware toolchain. Without such domain awareness critical features for achieving acceptance and adoption, such as debugger support, pose a long-term risk to the overall success of the DSL approach. In this paper we explore the use of language extensions to design and implement the Scout DSL and a supporting toolchain infrastructure. We highlight how language features and the software design methodologies used within the toolchain play a significant role in providing a suitable environment for DSL development. Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 7999 Author: Seo, Chiyoung, Malek, Sam, Edwards, George, Popescu, Daniel, Medvidovic, Nenad, Petrus, Brad and Ravula, Sharmila Year: 2007 Title: Exploring the Role of Software Architecture in Dynamic and Fault Tolerant Pervasive Systems Conference Name: Proceedings of the 1st International Workshop on Software Engineering for Pervasive Computing Applications, Systems, and Environments Publisher: IEEE Computer Society Pages: 9 DOI: 10.1109/sepcase.2007.6 Place Published: 1270350 Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 8881 Author: Seo, C., Malek, S., Edwards, G., Popescu, D., Medvidovic, N., Petrus, B. and Ravula, S. Year of Conference: 2007 Title: Exploring the Role of Software Architecture in Dynamic and Fault Tolerant Pervasive Systems Conference Name: Software Engineering for Pervasive Computing Applications, Systems, and Environments, 2007. SEPCASE '07. First International Workshop on Pages: 9-9 Date: 20-26 May 2007 Short Title: Exploring the Role of Software Architecture in Dynamic and Fault Tolerant Pervasive Systems DOI: 10.1109/SEPCASE.2007.6 Keywords: software architecture software fault tolerance ubiquitous computing architecture-based development dynamic pervasive systems fault tolerant pervasive systems mobile pervasive systems software systems Application software Connectors Failure analysis Fault tolerance Fault tolerant systems Hardware Middleware Mission critical systems Abstract: Pervasive systems are rapidly growing in size, complexity, distribution, and heterogeneity. As a result, the traditional practice of developing one-off embedded applications that are often rigid and unmanageable is no longer acceptable. This is particularly evident in a growing class of mobile and dynamic pervasive systems that are highly unpredictable, and thus require flexible and adaptable software support. At the same time, many of these applications are mission critical and have stringent fault tolerance requirements. In this paper, we argue that an effective approach to developing software systems in this domain is to employ the principles of software architecture. We discuss the design and implementation of facilities we have provided in a tool-suite targeted for architecture-based development of fault tolerant pervasive systems. Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 8165 Author: Galster, Matthias and Tofan, Dan Year: 2014 Title: Exploring web advertising to attract industry professionals for software engineering surveys Conference Name: Proceedings of the 2nd International Workshop on Conducting Empirical Studies in Industry Conference Location: Hyderabad, India Publisher: ACM Pages: 5-8 DOI: 10.1145/2593690.2593695 Place Published: 2593695 Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8123 Author: Salber, Daniel, Nigay, Laurence, Jo, #235 and Coutaz, lle Year: 1995 Title: Extending the scope of PAC-Amodeus to cooperative systems Journal: SIGOIS Bull. Volume: 15 Issue: 3 Pages: 30-34 Short Title: Extending the scope of PAC-Amodeus to cooperative systems ISSN: 0894-0819 DOI: 10.1145/201947.201970 Legal Note: 201970 Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9421 Author: Lonczewski, F. and Jaeger, R. Year of Conference: 2000 Title: An extensible set-top-box architecture for interactive and broadcast services offering sophisticated user guidance Conference Name: 2000 IEEE International Conference on Multimedia and Expo. ICME2000. Proceedings. Latest Advances in the Fast Changing World of Multimedia (Cat. No.00TH8532) Volume: 3 Pages: 1403-1406 vol.3 Date: 2000 Short Title: An extensible set-top-box architecture for interactive and broadcast services offering sophisticated user guidance DOI: 10.1109/ICME.2000.871029 Keywords: Java digital television human factors multimedia systems software architecture television broadcasting user interfaces Internet Java Virtual Machine broadcast services d-box digital TV reception home shopping interactive services layered software architecture set-top-box system architecture system design user guidance user interface user-friendliness Computer architecture Digital TV Hardware TV broadcasting US Department of Transportation Virtual machining Web and internet services Abstract: Currently available set-top-boxes (STBs) are mainly used for digital TV reception. The user interface (UI) and the UI dialog of such a device usually focus on its technological aspects and to a large degree ignore the needs of the user. The impact is that the user quite often is unsatisfied when interacting with the device. Recent UI design approaches (Lonczewski and Schreiber, 1996; Lonczewski, 1997) are proving that the focus should be put on the tasks that the user can perform with the STB rather than its underlying technical capabilities. However, modern design approaches both for the STB UI as well as its underlying system architecture can be incorporated into a complete system design with reasonable effort. This paper presents the architecture of the “d-box”, the STB being used for broadcasting TV services as well as future interactive services like Internet, home-shopping etc. in Germany. The layered software architecture employs a Java Virtual Machine offering a high degree of independency of its underlying hardware. Emphasis is put upon the user-friendliness of the device by providing a uniform UI both for experts and novices, therefore allowing intuitive and easy access for different user groups Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9233 Author: Wile, D. S. and Egyed, A. Year of Conference: 2004 Title: An externalized infrastructure for self-healing systems Conference Name: Proceedings. Fourth Working IEEE/IFIP Conference on Software Architecture (WICSA 2004) Pages: 285-288 Date: 12-15 June 2004 Short Title: An externalized infrastructure for self-healing systems DOI: 10.1109/WICSA.2004.1310711 Keywords: software architecture software maintenance DARPA DASADA program QoS execution architectures execution infrastructure externalized infrastructure logical design quality of service requirements specification self-adaptive systems self-healing systems software architecture descriptions software lifecycle Computer architecture Contracts Debugging Middleware Monitoring Probes Protocols Security Abstract: Software architecture descriptions can play a wide variety of roles in the software lifecycle, from requirements specification, to logical design, to implementation architectures. In addition, execution architectures can be used both to constrain and enhance the functionality of running systems, e.g. security architectures and debugging architectures. Along with others from DARPA's DASADA program we proposed an execution infrastructure for so-called self-healing, self-adaptive systems - systems that maintain a particular level of healthiness or quality of service (QoS). This externalized infrastructure does not entail any modification of the target system - whose health is to be maintained. It is driven by a reflective model of the target system's operation to determine what aspects can be changed to effect repair. We present that infrastructure along with an example implemented in accord with it. Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8671 Author: Crow, Louise and Shadbolt, Nigel Year: 2001 Title: Extracting focused knowledge from the semantic web Journal: International Journal of Human-Computer Studies Volume: 54 Issue: 1 Pages: 155-184 Date: 1// Short Title: Extracting focused knowledge from the semantic web ISSN: 1071-5819 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1006/ijhc.2000.0453 Keywords: ontological knowledge software architecture domain knowledge semantic web information integration task models. Abstract: Ontologies are increasingly being recognized as a critical component in making networked knowledge accessible. Software architectures which can assemble knowledge from networked sources coherently according to the requirements of a particular task or perspective will be at a premium in the next generation of web services. We argue that the ability to generate task-relevant ontologies efficiently and relate them to web resources will be essential for creating a machine-inferencable “semantic web”. The Internet-based multi-agent problem solving (IMPS) architecture described here is designed to facilitate the retrieval, restructuring, integration and formalization of task-relevant ontological knowledge from the web. There are rich structured and semi-structured sources of knowledge available on the web that present implicit or explicit ontologies of domains. Knowledge-level models of tasks have an important role to play in extracting and structuring useful focused problem-solving knowledge from these web sources. IMPS uses a multi-agent architecture to combine these models with a selection of web knowledge extraction heuristics to provide clean syntactic integration of ontological knowledge from diverse sources and support a range of ontology merging operations at the semantic level. Whilst our specific aim is to enable on-line knowledge acquisition from web sources to support knowledge-based problem solving by a community of software agents encapsulating problem-sloving inferences, the techniques described here can be applied to more general task-based integration of knowledge from diverse web sources, and the provision of services such as the critical comparison, fusion, maintenance and update of both formal informal ontologies. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1071581900904531 Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9297 Author: Juric, R. Year of Conference: 2000 Title: Extreme programming and its development practices Conference Name: ITI 2000. Proceedings of the 22nd International Conference on Information Technology Interfaces (Cat. No.00EX411) Pages: 97-104 Date: 16-16 June 2000 Short Title: Extreme programming and its development practices ISBN: 1330-1012 Keywords: programming software architecture automated tests code generation collective code-ownership conceptual modelling extreme programming intensive software systems oral communications pair programming rational unified process software architecture solutions software engineering practice storytelling culture Automatic programming Automatic testing Electronic mail Employment Object oriented modeling Oral communication Software engineering Software systems Unified modeling language Abstract: Extreme programming (XP) has attracted attention because of its fierce denial of many well-accepted software engineering practices considered as a sound approach to the development of intensive software systems. XP has been declared to be a new way of software development: a lightweight methodology, which is efficient, low-risk, flexible, predictable, scientific, and distinguishable from any other methodology. In the core of XP practices are programming activities, with strong emphasis on oral communications, automated tests, pair programming, storytelling culture and collective code-ownership at any time in the XP project. The paper gives an overview of XP practices and raises some serious concerns regarding their role in conceptual modelling and code generation; which directly affects software architecture solutions. The paper also tackles similarities between rational unified process (RUP) and XP, which have often been juxtaposed by software developers. Notes: just about XP Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 8233 Author: Hobby, Laurian, Booker, John, McCrickard, D. Scott, Chewar, C. M. and Zietz, Jason Year: 2005 Title: Facilitating and automating empirical evaluation Conference Name: Proceedings of the 43rd annual Southeast regional conference - Volume 1 Conference Location: Kennesaw, Georgia Publisher: ACM Pages: 303-308 DOI: 10.1145/1167350.1167437 Place Published: 1167437 Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9074 Author: Werf, J. M. E. M. v. d., Feijter, R. d., Bex, F. and Brinkkemper, S. Year of Conference: 2017 Title: Facilitating Collaborative Decision Making with the Software Architecture Video Wall Conference Name: 2017 IEEE International Conference on Software Architecture Workshops (ICSAW) Pages: 137-140 Date: 5-7 April 2017 Short Title: Facilitating Collaborative Decision Making with the Software Architecture Video Wall DOI: 10.1109/ICSAW.2017.27 Keywords: audio recording data mining decision making groupware software architecture architecture rationale documentation argumentation mining audio recordings collaborative decision making design decisions discussion participants screenplay software architecture video wall whiteboard Collaboration Computer architecture Documentation Software Stakeholders architecture design argument mining Abstract: Although capturing and documenting the design making process in software architecture is an important task, few tools exist to support the architect in this task. Often, such decisions are made during discussions with other stakeholders, but typically these remain implicit. We envision the Software Architecture Video Wall as a collaborative decision making tool for the software architect. The video wall serves as a whiteboard for discussions that automatically records the screenplay. Combined with the audio recordings of the discussion participants, a rich data set is obtained that may serve as input to track design decisions, and argumentation mining, to generate architecture rationale documentation. The video wall serves different uses as explained in several possible scenarios. However, as shown in the paper, much research is still required to realize this vision. Notes: tool to document Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 9576 Author: Apostolou, D., Zachos, K., Maiden, N., Agell, N., Sanchez-Hernandez, G., Taramigkou, M., Star, K. and Wippoo, M. Year: 2016 Title: Facilitating Creativity in Collaborative Work with Computational Intelligence Software Journal: IEEE Computational Intelligence Magazine Volume: 11 Issue: 2 Pages: 29-40 Short Title: Facilitating Creativity in Collaborative Work with Computational Intelligence Software ISSN: 1556-603X DOI: 10.1109/MCI.2016.2532266 Keywords: artificial intelligence groupware human computer interaction COLLAGE project affinity space collaborative business environment computational intelligence software open source software tool social creativity software mashups Collaboration Collaborative work Computational intelligence Creativity Mashups Social network services Abstract: The use of computational intelligence for leveraging social creativity is a relatively new approach that allows organizations to find creative solutions to complex problems in which the interaction between stakeholders is crucial. The creative solutions that come from joint thinking-from the combined knowledge and abilities of people with diverse perspectives-contrast with traditional views of creativity that focus primarily on the individual as the main contributor of creativity. In an effort to support social creativity in organizations, in this paper we present computational intelligence software tools for that aim and an architecture for creating software mashups based on the concept of affinity space. The affinity space defines a digital setting to facilitate specific scenarios in collaborative business environments. The solution presented includes a set of free and open source software tools ranging from newly developed brainstorming applications to an expertise recommender for enhancing social creativity in the enterprise. The current paper addresses software design issues and presents reflections on the research work undertaken in the COLLAGE project between 2012 and 2015. Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 8262 Author: Liao, Wen-Hung and Chueh, Chien-Pao Year: 2010 Title: Facilitating high school campus learning with e-book readers Conference Name: Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Advances in Computer Entertainment Technology Conference Location: Taipei, Taiwan Publisher: ACM Pages: 122-123 DOI: 10.1145/1971630.1971672 Place Published: 1971672 Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 8223 Author: Mathieson, Kieran Year: 2006 Title: Factors influencing intentions to maintain web content in voluntary organizations Conference Name: Proceedings of the 2006 ACM SIGMIS CPR conference on computer personnel research: Forty four years of computer personnel research: achievements, challenges & the future Conference Location: Claremont, California, USA Publisher: ACM Pages: 169-171 DOI: 10.1145/1125170.1125215 Place Published: 1125215 Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 8103 Author: Buhnova, Barbora, Chren, Stanislav, Fabrikov, Lucie and #225 Year: 2014 Title: Failure data collection for reliability prediction models: a survey Conference Name: Proceedings of the 10th international ACM Sigsoft conference on Quality of software architectures Conference Location: Marcq-en-Bareul, France Publisher: ACM Pages: 83-92 DOI: 10.1145/2602576.2602586 Place Published: 2602586 Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 8864 Author: Hu, Y., Li, D., Xiao, J. and Guo, L. Year of Conference: 2012 Title: A Fast Accurate Interpretive Simulator Based on Shared Basic Block Cache Technique Conference Name: 2012 IEEE Asia-Pacific Services Computing Conference Pages: 395-398 Date: 6-8 Dec. 2012 Short Title: A Fast Accurate Interpretive Simulator Based on Shared Basic Block Cache Technique DOI: 10.1109/APSCC.2012.30 Keywords: cache storage decoding instruction sets software engineering compiled instruction simulation technique cross-platform software design cross-platform software development fast accurate interpretive simulator instruction set simulator interpretive instruction simulation technique microarchitecture design shared basic block cache technique simulation accuracy simulation speed performance spatial locality principle temporal locality principle time-consuming fetch-decoding phase efficiency improvement Accuracy Computational modeling Data transfer Delay effects Hardware Memory management basic block cache technique fast and accurate simulator interpretive instruction set simulator shared memory pool Abstract: Instruction set simulator plays a very important role in new micro-architecture design domain and cross-platform software design and development. The simulation speed performance and the simulation accuracy are the two most important factors that are used to evaluate simulators. Interpretive instruction simulation technique and compiled instruction simulation technique are the most common used and mature simulation technique. Interpretive instruction simulation technique is flexible and accurate, however, due to its simulation mechanism it has a slow simulation speed. In this paper, a new fast accurate interpretive simulator based on shared basic block cache technique is proposed, which takes advantages of the temporal and spatial locality principle to extremely improve the efficiency of time-consuming fetch-decoding phases of interpretive simulation technique. And the experimental tests show that the shared basic block interpretive simulation technique is especially superior to handle large target machine applications due it mechanism. Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8531 Author: Molleda, Julio, Carús, Juan L., Usamentiaga, Rubén, García, Daniel F., Granda, Juan C. and Rendueles, José L. Year: 2012 Title: A fast and robust decision support system for in-line quality assessment of resistance seam welds in the steelmaking industry Journal: Computers in Industry Volume: 63 Issue: 3 Pages: 222-230 Date: 4// Short Title: A fast and robust decision support system for in-line quality assessment of resistance seam welds in the steelmaking industry ISSN: 0166-3615 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compind.2012.01.003 Keywords: Quality inspection Weld assessment Resistance seam welding Signal processing Statistical analysis of historical data Abstract: Assessing the quality of a weld in the steelmaking industry is a complex task. The level of complexity increases when the assessment is based on non-destructive tests. Skilled technicians are often required to make a decision based on automatic assessments of welds. Technicians consider the results of the automatic assessments and use their expert knowledge in order to make a final decision about the quality of the weld. In this paper we propose a decision support system to assess the quality of resistance seam welds of steel strips based on statistical analysis of both the mechanical and electrical variables involved in the welding process to be assessed as well as previously recorded historical data of similar welds. The proposed system is designed following component model based software architecture. The system consists of a set of orthogonal modules: welding variable measurement, welding variable processing and welding quality assessment, communicated by means of dedicated interfaces. The proposed system has been installed in three steel manufacturing lines. With the reduction in the time spent by technicians to make a decision about each weld, the productivity of the manufacturing line has greatly improved. Furthermore, production costs have been reduced since the number of defective welds assessed as non-defective was reduced, and thus the failures in the manufacturing lines due to weld breakages. The experimental results after two years of use in a steel strip galvanizing line are shown. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0166361512000048 Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8342 Author: Gehringer, E. F. and Colwell, R. P. Year: 1986 Title: Fast object-oriented procedure calls: lessons from the Intel 432 Journal: SIGARCH Comput. Archit. News Volume: 14 Issue: 2 Pages: 92-101 Short Title: Fast object-oriented procedure calls: lessons from the Intel 432 ISSN: 0163-5964 DOI: 10.1145/17356.17367 Legal Note: 17367 Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 8343 Author: Gehringer, E. F. and Colwell, R. P. Year: 1986 Title: Fast object-oriented procedure calls: lessons from the Intel 432 Conference Name: Proceedings of the 13th annual international symposium on Computer architecture Conference Location: Tokyo, Japan Publisher: IEEE Computer Society Press Pages: 92-101 Place Published: 17367 Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 9244 Author: Holzmann, G. J. Year: 2014 Title: Fault Intolerance [Reliable Code] Journal: IEEE Software Volume: 31 Issue: 6 Pages: 16-20 Short Title: Fault Intolerance [Reliable Code] ISSN: 0740-7459 DOI: 10.1109/MS.2014.136 Keywords: formal specification program verification software fault tolerance software reliability fault intolerance reliable software systems software design requirements specifications Documentation Encoding Fault tolerance Programming Software engineering requirements software specification software verification Abstract: The author considers what it takes to develop truly reliable software systems, and what the role is of program verification in all this. One problem he focuses on is the difficulty of writing good specifications, particularly in making sure that those specifications are complete. Reality can be surprisingly good in showing that our painfully constructed software design requirements are incomplete or even incorrect. Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8442 Author: Shen, Jun, Fu, Peng, Gao, Ge, He, Shiying, Huang, Liansheng, Zhu, Lili and Chen, Xiaojiao Year: 2016 Title: Fault-tolerant design of local controller for the poloidal field converter control system on ITER Journal: Fusion Engineering and Design Volume: 112 Pages: 261-268 Date: 11/15/ Short Title: Fault-tolerant design of local controller for the poloidal field converter control system on ITER ISSN: 0920-3796 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fusengdes.2016.09.008 Keywords: ITER poloidal field Fault tolerance Service-based program Control system Abstract: The control system for the Poloidal Field (PF) on ITER is a synchronously networked control system, which has several kinds of computational controllers. The Local Control Cubicles (LCC) play a critical role in the networked control system for they are the interface to all input and output signals. Thus, some additional work must be done to guarantee the LCCs proper operation under influence of faults. This paper mainly analyzes the system demands of the LCCs and faults which have been encountered recently. In order to handle these faults, decoupled service-based software architecture has been proposed. Based on this architecture, fault detection and system recovery methods, such as redundancy and rejuvenation, have been incorporated to achieve a fault-tolerant private network with the aid of QNX operating system. Unlike the conventional method, this method requires no additional hardware and can be achieved relatively easily. To demonstrate effectiveness the LCCs have been successfully tested during the recent PF Converter Unit performance tests for ITER. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0920379616305750 Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 7866 Author: Herold, Sebastian and Buckley, Jim Year: 2015 Title: Feature-Oriented Reflexion Modelling Conference Name: Proceedings of the 2015 European Conference on Software Architecture Workshops Conference Location: Dubrovnik, Cavtat, Croatia Publisher: ACM Pages: 1-7 DOI: 10.1145/2797433.2797494 Place Published: 2797494 Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 7952 Author: Bonfanti, Silvia, Centurelli, Valentina, Riccobene, Elvinia and Scandurra, Patrizia Year: 2017 Title: The female contribution in architecting a set of tools for a formal method: role of women in software architecture (short paper) Conference Name: Proceedings of the 11th European Conference on Software Architecture: Companion Proceedings Conference Location: Canterbury, United Kingdom Publisher: ACM Pages: 12-15 DOI: 10.1145/3129790.3129823 Place Published: 3129823 Abstract: This paper presents the female contribution on engineering a reference software architecture for ASMETA, a framework for an integrated use of tools developed around the Abstract State Machine formal method. Based on our experience in such a development project, we discuss how feminine mindset and skills can bring concrete advantages, but some disadvantages too, in the creative process of metamodeling, architecting and maintaining software. Notes: just about women... not general Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 8270 Author: Ryan, Paul and Finn, Enda Year: 2005 Title: Field-based mLearning: who wants what? Conference Name: Proceedings of the 7th international conference on Human computer interaction with mobile devices & services Conference Location: Salzburg, Austria Publisher: ACM Pages: 327-328 DOI: 10.1145/1085777.1085849 Place Published: 1085849 Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8441 Author: Capra, Eugenio, Francalanci, Chiara, Merlo, Francesco and Rossi-Lamastra, Cristina Year: 2011 Title: Firms’ involvement in Open Source projects: A trade-off between software structural quality and popularity Journal: Journal of Systems and Software Volume: 84 Issue: 1 Pages: 144-161 Date: 1// Short Title: Firms’ involvement in Open Source projects: A trade-off between software structural quality and popularity ISSN: 0164-1212 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jss.2010.09.004 Keywords: Open Source Community Projects Firm participation Internal software design quality Open Source projects popularity Structural Equation Modeling Abstract: Open Source (OS) was born as a pragmatic alternative to the ideology of Free Software and it is now increasingly seen by companies as a new approach to developing and making business upon software. Whereas the role of firms is clear for commercial OS projects, it still needs investigation for projects based on communities. This paper analyses the impact of firms’ participation on popularity and internal software design quality for 643 SourceForge.net projects. Results show that firms’ involvement improves the ranking of OS projects, but, on the other hand, puts corporate constraints to OS developing practices, thus leading to lower structural software design quality. Notes: OSS project... URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S016412121000244X Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 7934 Author: Savola, Reijo M., Kanstr\, Teemu, \#233 and Evesti, Antti Year: 2010 Title: First International Workshop on Measurability of Security in Software Architectures -- MeSSa 2010 Conference Name: Proceedings of the Fourth European Conference on Software Architecture: Companion Volume Conference Location: Copenhagen, Denmark Publisher: ACM Pages: 151-154 DOI: 10.1145/1842752.1842785 Place Published: 1842785 Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9447 Author: Wendt, K. D., Reily, K. and Heimdahl, M. P. E. Year of Conference: 2016 Title: First Steps towards Exporting Education: Software Engineering Education Delivered Online to Professionals Conference Name: 2016 IEEE 29th International Conference on Software Engineering Education and Training (CSEET) Pages: 241-245 Date: 5-6 April 2016 Short Title: First Steps towards Exporting Education: Software Engineering Education Delivered Online to Professionals DOI: 10.1109/CSEET.2016.32 Keywords: computer science education training computer science corporate training-style SPOC offerings formal education industry professionals noncredit SPOC courses professional staff development programming language small private online course software design software engineering education software organizations technical skills university expertise Industries Organizations Software engineering Exporting Education Industry Education Software Engineering Training Abstract: Large software organizations seek internal professional staff development beyond traditional corporate training in specific technical skills (i.e., a new programming language or tool). This paper describes the results of one effort of delivery: the offering of a non-credit small, private, online course (SPOC) in software design. Participants spanned those with formal degrees in Computer Science or Software Engineering to those with no formal education in the area. After completing the course, a survey was administered. Intention to enroll in further non-credit SPOC courses was found to be more likely than intention in formal degrees in the area. Additionally, the course content was highly valued by the participants. These findings show a need for further investigation into the value and opportunity of exported education: bringing University expertise out of the traditional classroom and directly into the hands of industry professionals via corporate training-style SPOC offerings. Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9568 Author: Beer, W., Dorninger, B. and Winterer, M. Year of Conference: 2013 Title: Flexible and reliable software architecture for industrial user interfaces Conference Name: 2013 IEEE 18th Conference on Emerging Technologies & Factory Automation (ETFA) Pages: 1-6 Date: 10-13 Sept. 2013 Short Title: Flexible and reliable software architecture for industrial user interfaces ISBN: 1946-0740 DOI: 10.1109/ETFA.2013.6648064 Keywords: production facilities program visualisation software architecture user interfaces complex production process flexible application platform industrial user interfaces large scale enterprise integration capabilities machine control systems modern industrial software systems modular runtime framework production machines user interaction visualization software Engines Runtime Software reliability Software systems Abstract: Visualization software plays a major role in controlling and monitoring production machines and facilities. In recent years these software systems have undergone major changes in terms of flexibility, user interaction and large scale enterprise integration capabilities. While traditional machine control systems tend to operate in isolation, modern industrial software systems are integrated in complex production processes that demand for flexibility and openness, also in terms of dynamic change of functionality at runtime. Despite this increased demand for flexibility, the most important requirement for industrial software systems remains reliability and stable operation. Within this work we present an architectural approach for abstracting industrial application models on top of a dynamic and modular runtime framework (OSGi) and a flexible application platform (Eclipse). This approach allows to add functionality at runtime as well as to adapt the rendering of the UI to various technologies. Notes: tool support Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9199 Author: Macho, M., Naegele, L., Hoffmann, A., Angerer, A. and Reif, W. Year of Conference: 2016 Title: A Flexible Architecture for Automatically Generating Robot Applications based on Expert Knowledge Conference Name: Proceedings of ISR 2016: 47st International Symposium on Robotics Pages: 1-8 Date: 21-22 June 2016 Short Title: A Flexible Architecture for Automatically Generating Robot Applications based on Expert Knowledge Abstract: In this paper, we propose a general software architecture for off-line programming platforms to semi-automatically program a robot system and its end-effectors in industrial automation. It considers that such platforms should be geared towards domain experts - especially when regarding low-batch size manufacturing of customized products as part of Industry 4.0. Hence, it supports a process-oriented guidance for complex manufacturing tasks and includes the possibility for interactive planning with domain-specific user interfaces. Moreover, the extensibility for new domains, work-flows, algorithms, user interfaces or hardware plays an important role in the proposed approach. Finally, the architecture was successfully evaluated on an off-line programming platform for the manufacturing of carbon-fibre-reinforced polymers (CFRP) which can be characterized as a low-batch size production process. Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 8887 Author: Zgheib, R., Nicola, A. D., Villani, M. L., Conchon, E. and Bastide, R. Year of Conference: 2017 Title: A Flexible Architecture for Cognitive Sensing of Activities in Ambient Assisted Living Conference Name: 2017 IEEE 26th International Conference on Enabling Technologies: Infrastructure for Collaborative Enterprises (WETICE) Pages: 284-289 Date: 21-23 June 2017 Short Title: A Flexible Architecture for Cognitive Sensing of Activities in Ambient Assisted Living DOI: 10.1109/WETICE.2017.41 Keywords: Internet of Things assisted living data acquisition health care inference mechanisms middleware ontologies (artificial intelligence) open systems sensor fusion CoSSN ontology IoT healthcare systems IoT-based monitoring SeMoM ambient assisted living cognitive semantic sensor network ontology cognitive sensing cognitive sensors expert knowledge expert logic flexible architecture formal representation heterogeneous devices human activity detection application reasoning mechanism semantic activity detection semantic interoperability semantic message oriented middleware sensor data annotation technical interoperability Computer architecture Method of moments Ontologies Semantics Sensors Activity Detection Message Oriented Middleware Sensors Ontology Abstract: We discuss our experience with the design, implementation, deployment and evaluation of a Human Activity Detection application. This application relies on a software architecture for IoT-based monitoring in Ambient Assisted Living (AAL), based on a Semantic Message Oriented Middleware (SeMoM). Going beyond traditional sensor management systems, our architecture addresses the heterogeneity challenge in IoT healthcare systems and ensures semantic and technical interoperability. SeMoM is able to handle the data acquisition process for a variety of heterogeneous devices, and to provide a reasoning mechanism based on expert knowledge and logic through cognitive sensors. Sensor data and observations are annotated using an extended version of the Cognitive Semantic Sensor Network (CoSSN) ontology built on top of the Semantic Sensor Network (SSN) ontology. CoSSN provides a formal representation that supports a semantic detection of activities. Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8757 Author: Collins, John, Ketter, Wolfgang and Gini, Maria Year: 2009 Title: Flexible decision control in an autonomous trading agent Journal: Electronic Commerce Research and Applications Volume: 8 Issue: 2 Pages: 91-105 Date: 3// Short Title: Flexible decision control in an autonomous trading agent ISSN: 1567-4223 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.elerap.2008.09.004 Keywords: Trading agent competition Multi-agent systems Software architecture Supply-chain management Abstract: Modern electronic commerce creates significant challenges for decision-makers. The trading agent competition for supply-chain management (TAC SCM) is an annual competition among fully-autonomous trading agents designed by teams around the world. Agents attempt to maximize profits in a supply-chain scenario that requires them to coordinate Procurement, Production, and Sales activities in competitive markets. An agent for TAC SCM is a complex piece of software that must operate in a competitive economic environment. We report on results of an informal survey of agent design approaches among the competitors in TAC SCM, and then we describe and evaluate the design of our MinneTAC trading agent. We focus on the use of evaluators – configurable, composable modules for data analysis, modeling, and prediction that are chained together at runtime to support agent decision-making. Through a set of examples, we show how this structure supports Sales and Procurement decisions, and how those decision process can be modified in useful ways by changing evaluator configurations. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1567422308000422 Access Date: 2009/4// Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 8992 Author: Förster, A., Garg, K., Puccinelli, D. and Giordano, S. Year of Conference: 2012 Title: FLEXOR: User friendly wireless sensor network development and deployment Conference Name: 2012 IEEE International Symposium on a World of Wireless, Mobile and Multimedia Networks (WoWMoM) Pages: 1-9 Date: 25-28 June 2012 Short Title: FLEXOR: User friendly wireless sensor network development and deployment DOI: 10.1109/WoWMoM.2012.6263698 Keywords: sensor placement telecommunication computing wireless sensor networks FLEXOR WSN evaluation WSN testing cross-platform component reusability foster code reusability management skills quality of experience rapid prototyping remote node management functionality run-time module exchange sustainable software architecture user-friendly wireless sensor network development Computer architecture Hardware Programming Protocols Routing Software architecture Architecture Mobility QoE Sustainable reuse User-friendliness Abstract: Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) penetrated the market mainly as solutions for specific application scenarios. However, this strong specialization limits WSNs reuse both in terms of development as well as in terms of technical results: Every new application scenario requires a new design, development and validation, as well as management skills. This is frustrating for any WSNs user, developer or manager. To reverse this tendency and thus improve the quality of experience and user-friendliness in WSNs, we designed FLEXOR, a sustainable software architecture optimized to support the implementation, rapid prototyping, evaluation, and testing of wireless sensor network applications, that is platform independent and user-friendly. FLEXOR is designed to accommodate many different applications and services for wireless sensor networks and foster code re-usability and cross-platform component re-usability. FLEXOR offers high modularity, well defined interfaces, remote node management functionality as well as run-time module exchange. Finally, the introduction of a unifying way for WSNs development opens to a higher homogeneity and thus to more easy comparison among different solutions. We present here an analysis of FLEXOR from these new angles and show how effective it is for several purposes and in particular for non-experts and in education. Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 7905 Author: Seitz, Andreas, Johanssen, Jan Ole, Bruegge, Bernd, Loftness, Vivian, Hartkopf, Volker and Sturm, Monika Year: 2017 Title: A fog architecture for decentralized decision making in smart buildings Conference Name: Proceedings of the 2nd International Workshop on Science of Smart City Operations and Platforms Engineering Conference Location: Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania Publisher: ACM Pages: 34-39 DOI: 10.1145/3063386.3063768 Place Published: 3063768 Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 7765 Author: Heesch, U. van, Avgeriou, P. and Hilliard, R. Year of Conference: 2012 Title: Forces on Architecture Decisions - A Viewpoint Conference Name: 2012 Joint Working IEEE/IFIP Conference on Software Architecture and European Conference on Software Architecture Pages: 101-110 Date: 20-24 Aug. 2012 Short Title: Forces on Architecture Decisions - A Viewpoint DOI: 10.1109/WICSA-ECSA.212.18 Keywords: software architecture system documentation architecture decision decision force viewpoint documentation approach standard ISO/IEC/IEEE 42010 Computer architecture Documentation Force IEC standards ISO Software ISO/IEC/IEEE 42010 architecture decisions forces Abstract: In this paper, the notion of forces as influences upon architecture decisions is introduced. To facilitate the documentation of forces as a part of architecture descriptions, we specify a decision forces viewpoint, which extends our existing framework for architecture decisions, following the conventions of the international architecture description standard ISO/IEC/IEEE 42010. The applicability of the viewpoint was validated in three case studies, in which senior software engineering students used it to document decisions in software projects, two of which conducted for industrial customers. The results show that the forces viewpoint is a well-received documentation approach, satisfying stakeholder concerns related to traceability between decision forces and architecture decisions. Notes: done by students Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 8980 Author: Huiqun, Yu, Xudong, He, Yi, Deng and Lian, Mo Year of Conference: 2004 Title: A formal approach to designing secure software architectures Conference Name: Eighth IEEE International Symposium on High Assurance Systems Engineering, 2004. Proceedings. Pages: 289-290 Date: 25-26 March 2004 Short Title: A formal approach to designing secure software architectures ISBN: 1530-2059 DOI: 10.1109/HASE.2004.1281766 Keywords: Petri nets formal specification safety-critical software software architecture temporal logic SAM formal approach safety critical software secure software architectures software architecture model software security software systems Computer architecture Computer science Computer security Connectors Helium Information security Logic Software design Abstract: Software architecture plays a central role in developing software systems that provide basic functionality and satisfy critical properties such as reliability and security. However, little has been done to formally model software architectures and to systematically enforce required properties. We aim to propose a formal approach to designing secure software architectures. We use the software architecture model (SAM), a general software architecture model combining Petri nets and temporal logic, as the underlying formalism. Architecture design consists of the functionality part and the security part. Guidelines are proposed to design functionality of software architectures at both element level and composition level. Software security is enforced by stepwise refinement. Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9138 Author: Reza, H. and Grant, E. Year of Conference: 2004 Title: A formal approach to software architecture of agent-base systems Conference Name: International Conference on Information Technology: Coding and Computing, 2004. Proceedings. ITCC 2004. Volume: 1 Pages: 591-595 Vol.1 Date: 5-7 April 2004 Short Title: A formal approach to software architecture of agent-base systems DOI: 10.1109/ITCC.2004.1286528 Keywords: formal specification software agents software architecture software quality Architectural Description Languages Petri nets agent-base systems architectural design software agent Architecture description languages Computer architecture Connectors Neodymium Power system modeling Programming Software systems Abstract: Agent-based systems have been known as one of the most complex classes of software system design because of heterogeneity, distributive, concurrent, non-deterministic, dynamic, and autonomous behaviors. An important characteristic of the design for any complex system is its software architecture, which can play an important role in the quality of software and, hence, in its success. Agent-based systems can be benefited from architectural design, which can be used as a plan to show agents, interactions, and their organizational relationships. In this paper, we represent a formal framework that can be used to specify the architecture of agent-based systems. Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 7878 Author: Schmid, Klaus Year: 2013 Title: A formal approach to technical debt decision making Conference Name: Proceedings of the 9th international ACM Sigsoft conference on Quality of software architectures Conference Location: Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada Publisher: ACM Pages: 153-162 DOI: 10.1145/2465478.2465492 Place Published: 2465492 Abstract: The notion of technical debt attracts significant attention, especially in the context of reconciling architecture and agile development. However, most work on technical debt is still largely informal and if it provides a formalization it is often ad-hoc. In this paper, we provide a detailed, formal analysis of decision making on technical debt in development. Using this formalization, we show that optimal decision making is not effectively computable in real-world situations and provide several well-defined approximations that allow to handle the problem nevertheless in practical situations. Combining these approximations in a single method leads to a light-weight approach that can be effectively applied in iterative software development, including agile approaches. Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8225 Author: Allen, Robert and Garlan, David Year: 1997 Title: A formal basis for architectural connection Journal: ACM Trans. Softw. Eng. Methodol. Volume: 6 Issue: 3 Pages: 213-249 Short Title: A formal basis for architectural connection ISSN: 1049-331X DOI: 10.1145/258077.258078 Legal Note: 258078 Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9353 Author: Feron, E. Year of Conference: 2012 Title: Formal methods for aerospace applications Conference Name: 2012 Formal Methods in Computer-Aided Design (FMCAD) Pages: 3-3 Date: 22-25 Oct. 2012 Short Title: Formal methods for aerospace applications Keywords: aerospace engineering aerospace safety aircraft control avionics control engineering computing formal verification stability Boeing 787 Dreamliner aerospace applications aircraft control systems aircraft software design component-based development formal methods integrated modular avionics model driven software development safety architecture safety requirements spacecraft software design verification process Abstracts Aerospace electronics Aerospace industry Safety Software design Software systems USA Councils Abstract: Formal methods are being progressively incorporated in the aircraft and spacecraft software design and verification process and become commonplace elements of the aerospace industry. Five aerospace software system experts will present their views on this process and where it is headed. Focusing first on design issues, PETE MANOLIOS (Northeastern University, USA) will discuss design aspects and costs of commercial air transport vehicles, including integrated modular avionics, verification costs, and system integration. He will then discuss how new verification technology is used to algorithmically synthesize an optimal architecture subject to high level constraints. This work will be illustrated by a case study involving the Boeing 787 Dreamliner. MARC PANTEL (IRIT, France) will then discuss safety requirements as a key aspect of the development of embedded systems in avionics. He will discuss the current regulations linking safety requirements to software design guidelines. He will then discuss novel approaches to model driven software development, using formal models and verification activities at the various steps of the development cycle. Experiments conducted in relation with European avionics companies will be described. Moving then towards analysis methods, GUILLAUME BRAT (NASA, USA) will discuss sound, complete, precise, and scalable static analysis of flight control systems. He will introduce the IKOS static analysis framework, whose intellectual foundation is abstract interpretation. He will insist on compositional verification, a necessary tool for to make formal methods scale up to real, avionics systems. He will address the component-based development approach of these systems. ERIC FERON (Georgia Tech, USA), and PIERRE-LOIC GAROCHE will discuss the application of the methods introduced above to control software, a narrow, but essential component of any safety-critical software system. They will then describe a possible evolution of the current developm- nt process of aircraft control systems towards more formalism (through a combination of formal proof and proof replay). They will discuss the static analysis of the behavior of the controller (stability and other non linear properties), and the static analysis of the safety architecture of the controller. Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9232 Author: Huang, J. and Wang, Y. Year of Conference: 2006 Title: Formal Specification and Representation of Design Patterns Using RTPA Conference Name: 2006 5th IEEE International Conference on Cognitive Informatics Volume: 1 Pages: 370-379 Date: 17-19 July 2006 Short Title: Formal Specification and Representation of Design Patterns Using RTPA DOI: 10.1109/COGINF.2006.365519 Keywords: formal specification object-oriented programming process algebra RTPA design patterns formal representation real-time process algebra software patterns Algebra Cognitive informatics Concrete Design methodology Documentation Formal specifications Object oriented modeling Software design Software engineering Unified modeling language formal method unified model of patterns Abstract: Software patterns are recognized as an ideal documentation of expert knowledge in software design and development. However, its formal model and rigorous semantics have never been generalized and matured. The traditional UML specification and some formal specification attempts cannot capture the essence of generic patterns precisely, understandably, and essentially. A generic model of patterns is presented in this paper using real-time process algebra (RTPA). The formal model of patterns are more readable and highly generic, which can be used as the meta model to denote any design patterns deductively, and can be translated into code in programming languages by supporting tools. This work reveals that a pattern is a highly complicated and dynamic structure of software design encapsulation, because of its complex and flexible internal associations between multiple abstract classes and instantiations. The generic model of patterns is not only applicable to existing patterns' description and comprehension, but also useful for future patterns' identification and formalization Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9006 Author: Coppit, D. and Sullivan, K. J. Year of Conference: 1998 Title: Formal specification in collaborative design of critical software tools Conference Name: Proceedings Third IEEE International High-Assurance Systems Engineering Symposium (Cat. No.98EX231) Pages: 13-20 Date: 13-14 Nov 1998 Short Title: Formal specification in collaborative design of critical software tools DOI: 10.1109/HASE.1998.731590 Keywords: computer aided analysis fault trees formal specification safety-critical software analysis tools collaborative design conceptual design conceptual errors critical software tools critical system design analysis domain experts dynamic fault tree analysis tool implementation errors model validation reliability engineering software design software engineering software specification valid modeling constructs Collaborative software Collaborative tools Collaborative work Design engineering Formal specifications Software tools Abstract: Engineers use software tools to analyze designs for critical systems. Because important decisions are based on tool results, tools must provide valid modeling constructs, engineers must understand them to validate their models; and tools must be implemented without major error. Such tools thus demand careful conceptual and software design. One aspect of such design is the use of rigorous specification and design techniques. This paper contributes a case study on the use of such techniques in the collaborative development of a dynamic fault tree analysis tool. The collaboration involved software engineering researchers knowledgeable in software specification and design and reliability engineering researchers expert in fault tree analysis. Our work revealed conceptual and implementation errors in an earlier version of the tool. Our study supports the position that there is a need for rigorous software specification and design in developing novel analysis tools, and that collaboration between software engineers and domain experts is feasible and profitable Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 8229 Author: Jackson, Michael Year: 2012 Title: Formalisms and structures Conference Name: Proceedings of the First International Workshop on Formal Methods in Software Engineering: Rigorous and Agile Approaches Conference Location: Zurich, Switzerland Publisher: IEEE Press Pages: 1-1 Place Published: 2663690 Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9324 Author: Hou, J., Wan, J. and Wang, S. Year of Conference: 2007 Title: Formalization of Architecture-Centric Model Mapping Using Category Theory Conference Name: Eighth ACIS International Conference on Software Engineering, Artificial Intelligence, Networking, and Parallel/Distributed Computing (SNPD 2007) Volume: 1 Pages: 670-675 Date: July 30 2007-Aug. 1 2007 Short Title: Formalization of Architecture-Centric Model Mapping Using Category Theory DOI: 10.1109/SNPD.2007.240 Keywords: category theory object-oriented programming software architecture model-driven software development morphism composition software architecture-centric model mapping software component model Artificial intelligence Computer science Concrete Distributed computing Programming Software engineering Visualization formal semantics mapping model model driven development Abstract: Model transformation is touted to play a key role in model-driven development. The mapping relations between models are the foundation and basis for the transformation. On the basis of software architecture, this paper tries to provide a precise semantics for both components structuring and models mapping by using category theory. Morphism composition is used to trace the interconnections and mapping relations between component-based models, while consistency between the sorts /operations of component models at different abstract levels is maintained by functors. Category theory supports the diagrammatic representation of component model that visualizes the relationships between components and the structural features, which can be used to strengthen the understandability and traceability of model transformation. The formalization enables users to check whether the mapping relations satisfy some desired properties and also is suitable to automatic software development, and thus can make an effective support to model-driven software development. Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9217 Author: Song, S., Liu, Y., Auguston, M., Sun, J., Dong, J. S. and Chen, T. Year of Conference: 2015 Title: Formalizing and verifying stochastic system architectures using Monterey Phoenix (SoSyM abstract) Conference Name: 2015 ACM/IEEE 18th International Conference on Model Driven Engineering Languages and Systems (MODELS) Pages: 449-449 Date: Sept. 30 2015-Oct. 2 2015 Short Title: Formalizing and verifying stochastic system architectures using Monterey Phoenix (SoSyM abstract) DOI: 10.1109/MODELS.2015.7338279 Abstract: The analysis of software architecture plays an important role in understanding the system structures and facilitate proper implementation of user requirements. Despite its importance in the software engineering practice, the lack of formal description and verification support in this domain hinders the development of quality architectural models. To tackle this problem, in this work, we develop an approach for modeling and verifying software architectures specified using Monterey Phoenix (MP) architecture description language. MP is capable of modeling system and environment behaviors based on event traces, as well as supporting different architecture composition operations and views. First, we formalize the syntax and operational semantics for MP; therefore, formal verification of MP models is feasible. Second, we extend MP to support shared variables and stochastic characteristics, which not only increases the expressiveness of MP, but also widens the properties MP can check, such as quantitative requirements. Third, a dedicated model checker for MP has been implemented, so that automatic verification of MP models is supported. Finally, several experiments are conducted to evaluate the applicability and efficiency of our approach. Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9555 Author: Allen, R. and Garlan, D. Year of Conference: 1994 Title: Formalizing architectural connection Conference Name: Proceedings of 16th International Conference on Software Engineering Pages: 71-80 Date: 16-21 May 1994 Short Title: Formalizing architectural connection ISBN: 0270-5257 DOI: 10.1109/ICSE.1994.296767 Keywords: formal specification programming theory software engineering systems analysis architectural compatibility architectural connection architectural connectors architectural description deductive system design problem engineering discipline explicit semantic entities formal semantics programming languages protocols software architecture software systems system structure type checking Computer industry Computer languages Computer science Connectors Design engineering Government Research and development Abstract: As software systems become more complex the overall system structure - or software architecture - becomes a central design problem. An important step towards an engineering discipline of software is a formal basis for describing and analyzing these designs. We present a theory for one aspect of architectural description, the interactions between components. The key idea is to define architectural connectors as explicit semantic entities. These are specified as a collection of protocols that characterize each of the participant roles in an interaction and how these roles interact. We illustrate how this scheme can be used to define a variety of common architectural connectors. We provide a formal semantics and show how this lends to a sound deductive system in which architectural compatibility can be checked in a way analogous to type checking in programming languages Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8514 Author: Pachler, Norbert, Daly, Caroline, Mor, Yishay and Mellar, Harvey Year: 2010 Title: Formative e-assessment: Practitioner cases Journal: Computers & Education Volume: 54 Issue: 3 Pages: 715-721 Date: 4// Short Title: Formative e-assessment: Practitioner cases ISSN: 0360-1315 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2009.09.032 Keywords: Assessment e-assessment Formative assessment Formative e-assessment Abstract: This paper reports on one aspect of the Joint Information Systems Committee (JISC)-funded project ‘Scoping a vision of formative e-assessment’, namely on cases of formative e-assessment developed iteratively with the UK education practitioner community. The project, which took place from June 2008 to January 2009, aimed to identify current theories and practices relating to formative assessment of learning where technologies play a key role. The project aimed to scope the ‘domain’ of formative e-assessment, by developing cases of practice and identifying key formative processes within them, which are affected by the use of technologies. From this analysis, patterns were extracted to inform future software design. A discussion of the key issues emerging from the review of the literature on formative e-assessment, a full account of the project methodology – the design pattern methodology – as well as a critical discussion of the findings – namely the patterns and the role of technology – are the focus of a separate paper (see Daly, Pachler, Mor, and Mellar (in press). This paper documents how cases of formative e-assessment were developed during the project by a collaborative methodology involving practitioners from a range of post-16 education contexts. The cases were analysed with reference to key theoretical perspectives on formative assessment, particularly the work of Black and Wiliam (2009). In addition, Laurillard’s Conversational Framework (2002, 2007) was used to locate practices of formative assessment within a wider concept of learning and teaching involving technologies, although a detailed discussion of the latter is not within the scope of this paper1For a comprehensive project report see Pachler et al. (2009). 1. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0360131509002759 Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9135 Author: Al-Naeem, T., Dabous, F. T., Rabhi, F. A. and Benatallah, B. Year of Conference: 2005 Title: Formulating the architectural design of enterprise applications as a search problem Conference Name: 2005 Australian Software Engineering Conference Pages: 282-291 Date: 29 March-1 April 2005 Short Title: Formulating the architectural design of enterprise applications as a search problem ISBN: 1530-0803 DOI: 10.1109/ASWEC.2005.26 Keywords: decision making object-oriented methods software architecture software quality tree searching decision-making method design decision enterprise application financial system search problem software architecture design Application software Australia Computer science Design engineering Engineering management Management information systems Process design Search problems Technology management Abstract: Software architecture design is widely recognized to be a complex task. This is especially true when designing enterprise applications that require deciding about a number of architectural design issues, often involving selecting among various design alternatives that impact differently on a set of quality attributes. In order to facilitate the selection process, earlier research efforts have already investigated the use of quantitative decision-making methods for scoring and ranking design alternatives. These methods, however, treat individual architectural decisions independently without considering their synergistic interrelationships. We argue that many architectural decisions are highly interdependent with each other, and thus need to be treated jointly in the selection process. To support this claim, we have identified two types of dependencies that can occur among different design decisions. We show that in particular situations, these dependencies require employing unconventional methods in determining the appropriate design solution. For this purpose, we suggest formulating the architectural design task as a search problem, and also show how search trees can be useful in this regard. We apply these ideas on a financial system, in order to demonstrate their applicability in a real setting. Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 8079 Author: Fischbein, Dario, Uchitel, Sebastian and Braberman, Victor Year: 2006 Title: A foundation for behavioural conformance in software product line architectures Conference Name: Proceedings of the ISSTA 2006 workshop on Role of software architecture for testing and analysis Conference Location: Portland, Maine Publisher: ACM Pages: 39-48 DOI: 10.1145/1147249.1147254 Place Published: 1147254 Abstract: Software product lines or families represent an emerging paradigm that is enabling companies to engineer applications with similar functionality and user requirements more effectively. Behaviour modelling at the architecture level has the potential for supporting behaviour analysis of entire product lines, as well as defining optional and variable behaviour for different products of a family. However, to do so rigorously, a well defined notion of behavioural conformance of a product to its product line must exist. In this paper we provide a discussion on the shortcomings of traditional behaviour modelling formalisms such as Labelled Transition Systems for characterising conformance and propose Modal Transition Systems as an alternative. We discuss existing semantics for such models, exposing their limitations and finally propose a novel semantics for Modal Transition Systems, branching semantics, that can provide the formal underpinning for a notion of behaviour conformance for software product line architectures. Notes: specific for software product lines Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8035 Author: Kurkovsky, Stan Year: 2008 Title: Four roles of instructor in software engineering projects Journal: SIGCSE Bull. Volume: 40 Issue: 3 Pages: 354-354 Short Title: Four roles of instructor in software engineering projects ISSN: 0097-8418 DOI: 10.1145/1597849.1384396 Legal Note: 1384396 Abstract: As a practice-oriented discipline, Software Engineering (SE) is most effectively taught by using a variety of hands-on experiences. Team-based projects where students can practice their technical and soft skills are a key feature of many software engineering courses aimed to prepare students for the realities of industrial software development. Current research indicates that projects offered in SE courses should have a close connection to the real world, be large scale and complex. On the one hand, students should be able to relate to the requirements and understand them without spending much time acquiring domain knowledge. On the other hand, students should be exposed to changing and evolving requirements, which is one of the main challenges of real-world software projects. Software projects should be large enough and have enough features to engage all members of the student team while enabling them to practice some degree of specialization and experience the advantages and challenges of teamwork. Software projects should be rich enough to allow students practice all previously acquired SE concepts, bring together knowledge from other specialized CS disciplines, and apply a number of modern tools and technologies. One of the most effective ways to learn SE is to expose students to an environment that resembles an industrial setting as much as possible. As a part of an academic program, SE courses can achieve this objective by offering students a balanced combination of three components: teamwork involving up-to-date technology grounded in a solid theoretical foundation. Instructors in SE courses are uniquely positioned to help maintain this balance by simultaneously playing four roles described below. As a customer who contracts a student team to implement a particular project, the instructor may provide a verbal or written description of the project. It is the students? responsibility to conduct the requirements elicitation interviews and to prepare formal requirements specification for subsequent validation with the customer and possible adjustment. The instructor may act as a customer during the acceptance testing throughout the project to make sure that the team is on the right track at every iteration of the project. The instructor acting as a customer can also act as a proxy if the project has been offered by an industrial partner, or some other department or organization on campus. As an architect initially specifying the overall structure of the solution, the instructor can help students choose the right software architecture. This is a very important choice that has to be made early because it impacts the overall flow of the project. Later architectural changes can be extremely costly and can significantly jeopardize meeting the deadlines. Most likely, students do not have experience in making such architectural decisions and, therefore, it is crucial for the instructor to provide some guidance in this important process. As a team manager concerned with risk management, the instructor needs to pay attention that the team efforts are not jeopardized due to a potential lack of students? soft skills and that these skills are built up as the project progresses. Although it is the students? responsibility to create all artifacts emerging from the project, the instructor can help the team adhere to the schedule by providing feedback based on the inspection of all produced artifacts. In this respect, the roles of the team manager and the customer may somewhat overlap because the same person will be providing feedback to the team from the technical point of view (artifact inspection), as well as from the customer point of view (verification of product implementation at each iteration). In addition to the traditional role of giving lectures, the instructor needs to be a mentor offering guidance to each team and individual students addressing their specific needs and answering questions unique to their projects and the responsibilities in the context of the project. Furthermore, the instructor is uniquely positioned to advise individual students on how to resolve potential conflicts within a team. Such an advice given at the right time could make a difference between completing the project on time and allowing interpersonal tensions completely ruin any chance of collaboration between the team members. Notes: about students Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 8036 Author: Kurkovsky, Stan Year: 2008 Title: Four roles of instructor in software engineering projects Conference Name: Proceedings of the 13th annual conference on Innovation and technology in computer science education Conference Location: Madrid, Spain Publisher: ACM Pages: 354-354 DOI: 10.1145/1384271.1384396 Place Published: 1384396 Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 7928 Author: Shakiba, Abbas, Green, Robert and Dyer, Robert Year: 2016 Title: FourD: do developers discuss design? revisited Conference Name: Proceedings of the 2nd International Workshop on Software Analytics Conference Location: Seattle, WA, USA Publisher: ACM Pages: 43-46 DOI: 10.1145/2989238.2989244 Place Published: 2989244 Abstract: Software repositories contain a variety of information that can be mined and utilized to enhance software engineering processes. Patterns stored in software repository meta-data can provide useful and informative information about different aspects of a project, particularly those that may not be obvious for developers. One such aspect is the role of software design in a project. The messages connected to each commit in the repository note not only what changes have been made to project files, but potentially if those changes have somehow manipulated the design of the software. In this paper, a sample of commit messages from a random sample of projects on GitHub and SourceForge are manually classified as "design" or "non-design" based on a survey. The resulting data is then used to train multiple machine learning algorithms in order to determine if it is possible to predict whether or not a single commit is discussing software design. Our results show the Random Forest classifier performed best on our combined data set with a G-mean of 75.01. Notes: not about behavior, instead classification tool Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8636 Author: Jimenez, M. A., Gonzalez de santos, P. and Armada, M. A. Year: 1993 Title: A Four-Legged Walking Test Bed Journal: IFAC Proceedings Volumes Volume: 26 Issue: 1 Pages: 8-13 Date: 4// Short Title: A Four-Legged Walking Test Bed ISSN: 1474-6670 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S1474-6670(17)49267-6 Keywords: Legged locomotion robots stability gait control man-machine systems Abstract: This paper presents the RIMHO, a four-legged walking robot that has been developed as a test bed for getting expertise in legged locomotion, sensor integration, and navigation. A description of the test bed mechanism and mainly the software architecture are provided. This software architecture is separated into two levels: Machine Level and Control Station Level. A brief description of the Machine Level and a more detailed description of the Control Station Level are given. In particular the features of the gait controller, which is based on a wave-crab gait and designed to adapt the machine to a relatively smooth terrain, are shown. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1474667017492676 Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8532 Author: Angelov, Samuil, Grefen, Paul and Greefhorst, Danny Year: 2012 Title: A framework for analysis and design of software reference architectures Journal: Information and Software Technology Volume: 54 Issue: 4 Pages: 417-431 Date: 4// Short Title: A framework for analysis and design of software reference architectures ISSN: 0950-5849 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.infsof.2011.11.009 Keywords: Software reference architecture Software domain architecture Software architecture design Software product line architecture Abstract: Context A software reference architecture is a generic architecture for a class of systems that is used as a foundation for the design of concrete architectures from this class. The generic nature of reference architectures leads to a less defined architecture design and application contexts, which makes the architecture goal definition and architecture design non-trivial steps, rooted in uncertainty. Objective The paper presents a structured and comprehensive study on the congruence between context, goals, and design of software reference architectures. It proposes a tool for the design of congruent reference architectures and for the analysis of the level of congruence of existing reference architectures. Method We define a framework for congruent reference architectures. The framework is based on state of the art results from literature and practice. We validate our framework and its quality as analytical tool by applying it for the analysis of 24 reference architectures. The conclusions from our analysis are compared to the opinions of experts on these reference architectures documented in literature and dedicated communication. Results Our framework consists of a multi-dimensional classification space and of five types of reference architectures that are formed by combining specific values from the multi-dimensional classification space. Reference architectures that can be classified in one of these types have better chances to become a success. The validation of our framework confirms its quality as a tool for the analysis of the congruence of software reference architectures. Conclusion This paper facilitates software architects and scientists in the inception, design, and application of congruent software reference architectures. The application of the tool improves the chance for success of a reference architecture. Notes: about reference architecture URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0950584911002333 Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 9090 Author: Devedzic, V. and Radovic, D. Year: 1999 Title: A framework for building intelligent manufacturing systems Journal: IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, Part C (Applications and Reviews) Volume: 29 Issue: 3 Pages: 422-439 Short Title: A framework for building intelligent manufacturing systems ISSN: 1094-6977 DOI: 10.1109/5326.777077 Keywords: cement industry computer aided production planning knowledge based systems manufacturing data processing object-oriented programming software tools CAPP systems cement manufacturing domain control systems distributed object environments domain dependence fuzziness high level components high level domain expertise intelligent manufacturing systems design interoperable software components low level intelligent software components multilevel object oriented model scalable applications software design software engineering principle systematic approach Application software Buildings Intelligent manufacturing systems Monitoring Object oriented modeling Programming Software engineering Stress control Abstract: The paper describes a systematic approach to design and development of software for intelligent manufacturing systems. The approach is based on a multilevel, general object oriented model of intelligent systems. Current methods and software design and development tools for intelligent manufacturing systems either stress particular components of intelligence (e.g., high level domain expertise, or learning capabilities, or fuzziness of decisions), or their domain dependence (e.g., monitoring and control systems, or CAPP systems). It is usually difficult to make extensions of such methods and tools, nor is it easy to reuse their components in developing intelligent manufacturing systems. Considerable efforts are being dedicated to the development of interoperable software components, distributed object environments, and flexible and scalable applications to overcome some of these problems. The approach described in the paper starts with a well founded software engineering principle, making clear distinction between generic, low level intelligent software components, and domain-dependent, high level components of an intelligent manufacturing system. It is extensible and adjustable. It also suggests some steps toward design of future software development tools for intelligent manufacturing systems. Several intelligent systems have been developed using the approach. One of these systems, in the cement manufacturing domain, is briefly overviewed, illustrating how the approach is used in practice. Finally, some informal discussion on the performance and complexity of the approach is presented Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 8997 Author: Liew, P., Kontogiannis, K. and Tong, T. Year of Conference: 2004 Title: A framework for business model driven development Conference Name: Software Technology and Engineering Practice, 2004. STEP 2004. The 12th International Workshop on Pages: 8 pp.-56 Date: 17-19 Sept. 2005 Short Title: A framework for business model driven development DOI: 10.1109/STEP.2004.5 Keywords: Unified Modeling Language business data processing workflow management software UML artifacts UML use cases activity diagrams business model driven development business process specifications collaboration diagrams deployment diagrams design artifact generation domain specific languages software design time source code generation support system evolution workflow languages Collaborative work Companies Computer architecture Costs Laboratories Process design Software design Software tools Abstract: Typically, large companies in an effort to increase efficiency specify business processes using workflow languages, while software designers specify the systems that implement these processes with the use of languages like UML. This separation of domain expertise allows for software engineers from each individual area to work more efficiently using domain specific languages and tools. However, models in these two domains evolve independently and inconsistencies may occur when two models become unsynchronized due to constant revision or evolution of processes and design artifacts. In this paper, we present a set of transformations to automatically generate a specific set of UML artifacts from the business process specifications. In particular, we examine and investigate a preliminary framework for the necessary annotations that need be applied to a business process model so that the generation of UML use cases, activity diagrams, collaboration diagrams and deployment diagrams could be feasible. The objective of this work is to be able to generate rich platform independent UML models that can be used for automating the generation of design artifacts and source code by using a model driven architecture approach. By doing so, we aim to decrease software design time, reduce maintenance costs and better support system evolution Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8581 Author: Di Stefano, Antonella, Pappalardo, Giuseppe, Santoro, Corrado and Tramontana, Emiliano Year: 2007 Title: A framework for the design and automated implementation of communication aspects in multi-agent systems Journal: Journal of Network and Computer Applications Volume: 30 Issue: 3 Pages: 1136-1152 Date: 8// Short Title: A framework for the design and automated implementation of communication aspects in multi-agent systems ISSN: 1084-8045 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnca.2006.04.007 Keywords: Multi-agent systems Software engineering Computational reflection Agent contexts Agent communication languages Abstract: This paper presents REFCON, a framework for the automated development of Agent Communication Contexts (ACCs) in multi-agent systems (MASs). ACCs are intended to capture the interaction requirements of a MAS. A formal specification framework is first presented, aimed at modelling an ACC as a set of rules for filtering and filling messages, based on their contents, and the names and roles of the exchanging agents. A XML-based specification language is then introduced, which encodes the specification formalism for the sake of its computer processing. Finally, an object-oriented software architecture capable of supporting ACC-based MAS development is presented. REFCON key characteristic is that it allows a seamless integration of ACC support (even) into an existing MAS, at run-time, independently of the agent platform used for the implementation. This is made possible by a layered software architecture based on computational reflection, a technology that allows transparent evolution and adaptation of existing systems. The REFCON framework is also dynamic, in the two-fold sense that it is capable of both adding new rules and handling multiple contexts, which it can easily switch among, at run-time. The ACC-based design of an example MAS for document sharing is briefly discussed, as a demonstration of the principles put forward. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1084804506000373 Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9107 Author: Bharathi, R. and Selvarani, R. Year of Conference: 2015 Title: A framework for the estimation of OO software reliability using design complexity metrics Conference Name: 2015 International Conference on Trends in Automation, Communications and Computing Technology (I-TACT-15) Pages: 1-7 Date: 21-22 Dec. 2015 Short Title: A framework for the estimation of OO software reliability using design complexity metrics DOI: 10.1109/ITACT.2015.7492648 Keywords: object-oriented methods software metrics software reliability CK design metrics Chidamber-Kemerer design metrics OO software reliability estimation R-model SDLC design complexity metrics object-oriented software quantitative empirical analysis software dependability software development life cycle software product reliability software trustworthiness stakeholder requirement Estimation Mathematical model Measurement Reliability engineering Software CK metrics Object Oriented Design Reliability Software quality Abstract: Reliability of a software product essentially denotes its trustworthiness or dependability. The stakeholder's requirement is normally a robust and highly reliable software product. Reliability is one of the dynamic characteristics of software, which can be quantitatively measured by analyzing the failure data. In order to estimate as well as to predict the reliability of software systems, failure data need to be properly measured by various means during software development. Most of the software failures happen due to poor design quality. Controlled and well-monitored design with respect to reliability can be achieved by quantitative analysis and appropriate mapping of design metrics. This analysis leads to the prediction of reliability at the design stage of Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC) of Object Oriented (OO) software, which will provide early information for software architect about the quality of the design with respect to reliability. Chidamber and Kemerer (CK) design metrics play a dynamic role to understand the design aspects of object-oriented software. In this context, we have proposed a framework for predicting reliability at the design phase of software development life cycle. Through empirical analysis, a valid hypothesis is established relating the design complexity metrics and reliability. A functional relationship is established through polynomial regression technique for selected design metrics. With these equations, an estimation model called R-MODEL is formulated through weighted linear combination of multifunctional parameters, which predicts reliability for any module of the OO software project. The R-MODEL is evaluated and validated with commercial software, which is found to be satisfactory. This quantitative empirical analysis provides an idea for the percentage influence of design metrics on reliability at the design level. The approach is to make, measurement as an integral part of the software design process to assist software d- signer to predict the software reliability at early stage and to improve the product quality. Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 8046 Author: Menasc, Daniel A., #233, Ewing, John M., Gomaa, Hassan, Malex, Sam, Jo, #227 and Sousa, o P. Year: 2010 Title: A framework for utility-based service oriented design in SASSY Conference Name: Proceedings of the first joint WOSP/SIPEW international conference on Performance engineering Conference Location: San Jose, California, USA Publisher: ACM Pages: 27-36 DOI: 10.1145/1712605.1712612 Place Published: 1712612 Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 8798 Author: Minerva, R. Year of Conference: 2014 Title: From Internet of Things to the Virtual Continuum: An architectural view Conference Name: 2014 Euro Med Telco Conference (EMTC) Pages: 1-6 Date: 12-15 Nov. 2014 Short Title: From Internet of Things to the Virtual Continuum: An architectural view DOI: 10.1109/EMTC.2014.6996633 Keywords: Internet of Things augmented reality software architecture virtualisation functional augmentation virtual continuum virtualization Cognition Intelligent sensors Twitter PubSub autonomics Abstract: This paper aims at introducing a set of requirements for large Internet of Things platforms. These platforms should enable the programming of many services comprising functions provided by a large number of sensors and intelligent resources. The paper aims at showing how virtualization and cognitive capabilities will play a fundamental role in order to enable the concept of the Virtual Continuum, i.e., the functional augmentation and entanglement of physical objects and virtualized ones. The Virtual Continuum makes possible the exploitation of new business models like servitization. Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8624 Author: Wijnstra, Jan Gerben Year: 2003 Title: From problem to solution with quality attributes and design aspects Journal: Journal of Systems and Software Volume: 66 Issue: 3 Pages: 199-211 Date: 6/15/ Short Title: From problem to solution with quality attributes and design aspects ISSN: 0164-1212 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0164-1212(02)00077-8 Keywords: Quality attributes Design aspects Concerns Views Software architecture Product family Abstract: It is commonly accepted that quality attributes shape the architecture of a system. There are several means via which the architecture can support certain quality attributes. For example, to deal with reliability the system can be decomposed into a number of fault containment units, thus avoiding fault propagation. In addition to structural issues of architecture, qualities also influence architectural rules and guidelines, such as coding standards. In this paper we will focus on design aspects as a means of supporting quality attributes. An example of a design aspect is error handling functionality, which supports reliability. Quality attributes play a role in the problem domain; design aspects are elements in the solution domain. We will use an industrial case to illustrate our ideas. The discussion ranges from how design aspects are defined in the architecture based on quality attributes, to how design aspects can be used to verify the realized system against the prescribed architecture. The industrial case is a product family of medical imaging systems. For this product family, the family members are constructed from a component-based platform. Here, it is especially useful to achieve aspect-completeness of components, allowing system composition without worrying about individual design aspects. Notes: more about reaching specified design quality criteria, not behavior URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0164121202000778 Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 8186 Author: Bastos, Lucia R. D. and Castro, Jaelson F. B. Year: 2005 Title: From requirements to multi-agent architecture using organisational concepts Conference Name: Proceedings of the fourth international workshop on Software engineering for large-scale multi-agent systems Conference Location: St. Louis, Missouri Publisher: ACM Pages: 1-7 DOI: 10.1145/1082960.1082980 Place Published: 1082980 Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8187 Author: Bastos, Lucia R. D. and Castro, Jaelson F. B. Year: 2005 Title: From requirements to multi-agent architecture using organisational concepts Journal: SIGSOFT Softw. Eng. Notes Volume: 30 Issue: 4 Pages: 1-7 Short Title: From requirements to multi-agent architecture using organisational concepts ISSN: 0163-5948 DOI: 10.1145/1082983.1082980 Legal Note: 1082980 Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 8033 Author: Bidian, Catalin Year: 2006 Title: From stakeholder goals to product features: towards a role-based variability framework with decision boundary Conference Name: Proceedings of the 2006 International Conference on Privacy, Security and Trust: Bridge the Gap Between PST Technologies and Business Services Conference Location: Markham, Ontario, Canada Publisher: ACM Pages: 1-5 DOI: 10.1145/1501434.1501526 Place Published: 1501526 Abstract: Variability in complex software systems arises from the diverse characteristics, views, preferences, and goals of stakeholders. Recent variability research focuses on stakeholders' goals, using models, to analyze the space of alternative solutions for software functionalities. In our study we extend the goals-requirements-features approach by considering variability along multiple product development stages. We depict variability at the early and late requirements definition stage, architecture design, detailed design, and runtime, proposing a role-based framework for variability analysis. Variability design involves the placement of a decision boundary to identify the space of alternative features that can be left 'open' for the next stage of product decisions. We also analyze softgoals variability to allow early identification of variation points in the product architecture. Notes: focus on quality criteria of architecture Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 8100 Author: Gorton, Ian Year: 2015 Title: From Static Books to Dynamic Knowledge Bases: Software Engineering Education into the 21st Century Conference Name: Proceedings of the 2015 European Conference on Software Architecture Workshops Conference Location: Dubrovnik, Cavtat, Croatia Publisher: ACM Pages: 1-4 DOI: 10.1145/2797433.2797464 Place Published: 2797464 Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9444 Author: Emadi, S. and Shams, F. Year of Conference: 2008 Title: From UML component diagram to an executable model based on Petri Nets Conference Name: 2008 International Symposium on Information Technology Volume: 4 Pages: 1-8 Date: 26-28 Aug. 2008 Short Title: From UML component diagram to an executable model based on Petri Nets ISBN: 2155-8973 DOI: 10.1109/ITSIM.2008.4631945 Keywords: Algebra Formal languages Petri nets Programming Software algorithms Software architecture Software design Software systems Stochastic processes Unified modeling language Abstract: With the growing use of UML diagrams for software architecture description and the importance of evaluating non-functional requirement in software architecture level, providing an executable model of these diagrams seems to be significant. But on one hand software designers are not familiar with the non-functional requirements analysis and are unable to analyze such requirement easily and on the other hand non-functional requirements can not be evaluated directly by UML diagrams. Therefore, this evaluation should be added to the diagrams. In order to do that, an executable model of software architecture should be provided. These executable models can be Petri net, queuing network, stochastic process algebra and etc. In this paper, the primary assumption is that software architecture is described by UML diagrams and then the role of component diagram on performance evaluation is studied. Ultimately through algorithm, it is transformed into an executable model, called Petri Net (PN). Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9231 Year of Conference: 2011 Title: [Front cover] Conference Name: 2011 15th International Software Product Line Conference Pages: C1-C1 Date: 22-26 Aug. 2011 Short Title: [Front cover] DOI: 10.1109/SPLC.2011.69 Keywords: decision making economics service-oriented architecture software engineering feature-oriented software development model-driven product lines nonfunctional property product line economics product lines automation product lines planning service oriented product lines software architecture software product line variability management variability modeling Abstract: The following topics are dealt with: software product line; product lines planning and decision making; product lines automation; model-driven product lines; service oriented product lines; variability management/modeling; non-functional properties; feature-oriented software development; product line economics; and software architecture. Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9038 Year of Conference: 2015 Title: [Front cover] Conference Name: 2015 Xth International Scientific and Technical Conference "Computer Sciences and Information Technologies" (CSIT) Pages: 1-1 Date: 14-17 Sept. 2015 Short Title: [Front cover] DOI: 10.1109/STC-CSIT.2015.7325416 Keywords: Big Data Internet Monte Carlo methods data analysis electronic commerce image processing security of data software architecture Monte Carlo simulation decision making decision support system distance measurement image resolution image segmentation information retrieval information security neural network radio frequency identification technology relational database Abstract: The following topics are dealt with: Neural network; distance measurement; radio frequency identification technology; decision making; image resolution; information retrieval; image segmentation; information security; relational database; data analysis; Internet; electronic commerce; decision support system; Monte Carlo simulation; Big data; software architecture. Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 9155 Author: Qiu, B., Wang, J. and Li, P. Year: 2015 Title: Full Digital Control of Hemispherical Resonator Gyro Under Force-to-Rebalance Mode Journal: IEEE Sensors Journal Volume: 15 Issue: 1 Pages: 71-75 Short Title: Full Digital Control of Hemispherical Resonator Gyro Under Force-to-Rebalance Mode ISSN: 1530-437X DOI: 10.1109/JSEN.2014.2339229 Keywords: band-pass filters digital control digital signal processing chips field programmable gate arrays gyroscopes resonators signal processing HRG band-pass filter digital circuit control strategy digital signal processor field programmable gate array force-to-rebalance mode gyro bias stability hemispherical resonator gyro signal processing method force-to-rebalance control Abstract: The signal processing of the hemispherical resonator gyro (HRG) plays a key role in realizing the function and improving the performance of HRG. In this paper, a novel signal processing method for HRG is proposed and the basic principle of this method is introduced. The hardware and software design for the system are implemented based on the given method. The system realizes the full digital circuit control strategy for HRG under force-to-rebalance mode based on the digital signal processor and field programmable gate array framework. The effectiveness of the proposed control strategy is verified by simulations and experimental results. The experimental results show that the gyro bias stability is better than 0.02°/h. Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8462 Author: Huff, Kathryn D., Gidden, Matthew J., Carlsen, Robert W., Flanagan, Robert R., McGarry, Meghan B., Opotowsky, Arrielle C., Schneider, Erich A., Scopatz, Anthony M. and Wilson, Paul P. H. Year: 2016 Title: Fundamental concepts in the Cyclus nuclear fuel cycle simulation framework Journal: Advances in Engineering Software Volume: 94 Pages: 46-59 Date: 4// Short Title: Fundamental concepts in the Cyclus nuclear fuel cycle simulation framework ISSN: 0965-9978 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.advengsoft.2016.01.014 Keywords: Nuclear fuel cycle Simulation Agent based modeling Nuclear engineering Object orientation Systems analysis Abstract: As nuclear power expands, technical, economic, political, and environmental analyses of nuclear fuel cycles by simulators increase in importance. To date, however, current tools are often fleet-based rather than discrete and restrictively licensed rather than open source. Each of these choices presents a challenge to modeling fidelity, generality, efficiency, robustness, and scientific transparency. The Cyclus nuclear fuel cycle simulator framework and its modeling ecosystem incorporate modern insights from simulation science and software architecture to solve these problems so that challenges in nuclear fuel cycle analysis can be better addressed. A summary of the Cyclus fuel cycle simulator framework and its modeling ecosystem are presented. Additionally, the implementation of each is discussed in the context of motivating challenges in nuclear fuel cycle simulation. Finally, the current capabilities of Cyclus are demonstrated for both open and closed fuel cycles. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0965997816300229 Reference Type: Book Section Record Number: 8501 Author: Hyman, James M. Year: 1984 Title: FUTURE DIRECTIONS IN LARGE SCALE SCIENTIFIC COMPUTING A2 - PARTER, SEYMOUR V Book Title: Large Scale Scientific Computation Publisher: Academic Press Pages: 51-83 Short Title: FUTURE DIRECTIONS IN LARGE SCALE SCIENTIFIC COMPUTING A2 - PARTER, SEYMOUR V ISBN: 978-0-12-546080-4 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-546080-4.50007-8 Abstract: Publisher Summary This chapter presents an exposition on large-scale scientific computing to help applications programmers improve their capabilities. American scientists are deeply concerned that their leadership role is slipping in large-scale scientific computer hardware and software development. However, they maintained their leadership over the past two decades by developing scientific computer codes. These codes are an indispensable tool in many modern science and engineering projects. Traditionally, they were designed by scientists or engineers in the field that the code was intended to model. By combining expert knowledge in a particular field with intuition and experimental clues, and by incorporating a modest experience in numerical analysis and software design, these programmers often devised ingenious methods and written codes that work well, with varying degrees of accuracy. The capabilities of any scientific computer code limit an understanding of the problem being modeled. More accuracy is needed as the engineering designs become more detailed and operate closer to the thresholds of failure. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780125460804500078 Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8361 Author: Hart, Hal, Caristi, Jim, Dewar, Robert, Gerhardt, Mark, Hamilton, Drew, Haynes, Christopher and Rebelsky, Sam Year: 1998 Title: The future of programming—are fundamental changes in computer science programs coming? (panel) Journal: SIGCSE Bull. Volume: 30 Issue: 1 Pages: 370-371 Short Title: The future of programming—are fundamental changes in computer science programs coming? (panel) ISSN: 0097-8418 DOI: 10.1145/274790.274337 Legal Note: 274337 Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 8362 Author: Hart, Hal, Caristi, Jim, Dewar, Robert, Gerhardt, Mark, Hamilton, Drew, Haynes, Christopher and Rebelsky, Sam Year: 1998 Title: The future of programming—are fundamental changes in computer science programs coming? (panel) Conference Name: Proceedings of the twenty-ninth SIGCSE technical symposium on Computer science education Conference Location: Atlanta, Georgia, USA Publisher: ACM Pages: 370-371 DOI: 10.1145/273133.274337 Place Published: 274337 Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 7998 Author: Daugherty, Paul R. Year: 2009 Title: The future of software architectures for large-scalebusiness solutions: modularity, scalability, andseparation of concerns Conference Name: Proceedings of the 8th ACM international conference on Aspect-oriented software development Conference Location: Charlottesville, Virginia, USA Publisher: ACM Pages: 1-2 DOI: 10.1145/1509239.1509241 Place Published: 1509241 Abstract: Modern software projects are of large scale, often involving years of development, tens of thousands of days of work effort, and millions of lines of code. This complexity is aggravated by the fact that development is often distributed over several geographic locations, as dictated by cost considerations, the availability of domain specialists, legal requirements, and other factors. Despite advances in development tools and techniques, software initiatives have lagged behind in utilizing novel software engineering methods and techniques effectively to reduce the complexity of large-scale software. The results can be seen in Corporate and Government IT budgets - based on Accenture and Industry research, IT cost overruns are still commonplace, and the cost to "keep the lights on" for fragile legacy applications typically consumes up to 60% IT budgets. Increased adoption of advanced software engineering techniques holds great promise for solving these key business challenges. For example, modularization holds a promise in reducing complexity of software design by hiding low-level implementations in well-defined units of deployment. Specifically, vendors build platforms that allow architects to design large-scale systems that can be composed out of services on the fly. For example, JBoss built a platform that allows architects to seamlessly integrate Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA) with application and business-process management (BPM) in enterprise distributions. According to research with Accenture's CIO Council, at least 58% of global organizations are implementing or piloting SOA. Proper separation of concerns is a key to effective modularization. While separation of concerns is more of art than science in the work of software architects, novel technologies that enable effective separation of concerns are gaining traction. Most recently Accenture used AOP on a government project to do audit tracking. It was very successful and the techniques are currently being incorporated in Accenture Delivery Architecture (ADA), which is a standards-based architecture used for very large scale software development. A large focus of our efforts is in making advanced software engineering techniques more "consumable" by across our network of developers - this is done through standardized architectures, reference applications, and training. The talk will focus on progress that has been made, and challenges ahead in driving further business value through use of these types of techniques. In addition to the areas mentioned, we will focus on related issues such as: requirements traceability, automated software quality assurance, role of DSLs andMDA, and Agile techniques. Notes: Talk, not research Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8659 Author: Soyguder, Servet and Alli, Hasan Year: 2010 Title: Fuzzy adaptive control for the actuators position control and modeling of an expert system Journal: Expert Systems with Applications Volume: 37 Issue: 3 Pages: 2072-2080 Date: 3/15/ Short Title: Fuzzy adaptive control for the actuators position control and modeling of an expert system ISSN: 0957-4174 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eswa.2009.06.071 Keywords: Fuzzy adaptive control (FAC) Modeling Actuator position control Air flow control PID control Humidity control Software architecture An expert system Abstract: In this paper, a heating, ventilating and air-conditioning (HVAC) system was designed and two different damper gap rates (actuators position) of the HVAC system were controlled by a conventional PID (proportional–integral–derivative) controller. One of the dampers was controlled by using the required temperature for the interested indoor volume while the other damper was controlled by using the required humidity for the same indoor volume. The realized system has a zone with variable flow-rate by considering the ambient temperature and humidity. The required air flow was supplied by controlled of the dampers placed on the entrance ducts of indoor. Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) used PID control algorithm was utilized to control the system. This system has been controlled by a PLC based closed-loop controller. In this work, the realized system has been controlled by PLC used PID control algorithm. The optimal values of PID parameters were obtained by using Fuzzy sets. Fuzzy adaptive control has been performed to maximize the performance of the system. Efficiency of fuzzy adaptive control (FAC) developed method was successfully obtained. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0957417409006228 Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 8990 Author: Saadatmand, M. and Tahvili, S. Year of Conference: 2015 Title: A Fuzzy Decision Support Approach for Model-Based Tradeoff Analysis of Non-functional Requirements Conference Name: 2015 12th International Conference on Information Technology - New Generations Pages: 112-121 Date: 13-15 April 2015 Short Title: A Fuzzy Decision Support Approach for Model-Based Tradeoff Analysis of Non-functional Requirements DOI: 10.1109/ITNG.2015.24 Keywords: Unified Modeling Language decision support systems fuzzy logic NFR UML profile design decisions fuzzy decision support approach model transformation techniques model-based tradeoff analysis nonfunctional requirements Analytical models Decision making Fuzzy sets Security Fuzzy Multi-Criteria Decision Making Non-Functional Requirements Optimization Software Architecture TOPSIS Tradeoff Analysis Abstract: One of the main challenges in addressing Non-Functional Requirements (NFRs) in designing systems is to take into account their interdependencies and mutual impacts. For this reason, they cannot be considered in isolation and a careful balance and tradeoff among them should be established. This makes it a difficult task to select design decisions and features that lead to the satisfaction of all different NFRs in the system, which becomes even more difficult when the complexity of a system grows. In this paper, we introduce an approach based on fuzzy logic and decision support systems that helps to identify different design alternatives that lead to higher overall satisfaction of NFRs in the system. This is achieved by constructing a model of the NFRs and then performing analysis on the model. To build the model, we use a modified version of the NFR UML profile which we have introduced in our previous works, and using model transformation techniques we automate the analysis of the model. Notes: building of tool Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8696 Author: Huang L.T. Fan, Y. W. Year: 1988 Title: Fuzzy logic rule based system for separation sequence synthesis: An object-oriented approach Journal: Computers & Chemical Engineering Volume: 12 Issue: 6 Pages: 601-607 Date: 6// Short Title: Fuzzy logic rule based system for separation sequence synthesis: An object-oriented approach ISSN: 0098-1354 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0098-1354(88)87009-1 Abstract: In the present work, an expert system for separation sequence synthesis (Hendry and Hughe, 1972; Seader and Westerberg, 1977; Nath and Mortard, 1981; Nadgir and Liu, 1983; Gomez-Munoz and Seader, 1985) by means of fuzzy heuristics is constructed with a nonconventional software design method. The methodology involves the use of production rules (IF—THEN rules), fuzzy logic (Zadeh 1973; Zimmermann, 1985) and object-oriented programming (Stefik and Bobrow, 1985; Booch, 1986). The construction of the present expert system is based on the result of a previous work in which the heuristic rules are transformed into the production rule format (Gharpuray et al., 1987). The significance of the present work lies in the successful implementation of the resultant production-rule system in an object-oriented programming environment known as the Lisp Object Oriented Programming System (LOOPS) (Stefik and Bobrow, 1985; Bobrow et al., 1985). URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0098135488870091 Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 8890 Author: Moaven, S., Habibi, J., Ahmadi, H. and Kamandi, A. Year of Conference: 2008 Title: A Fuzzy Model for Solving Architecture Styles Selection Multi-Criteria Problem Conference Name: 2008 Second UKSIM European Symposium on Computer Modeling and Simulation Pages: 388-393 Date: 8-10 Sept. 2008 Short Title: A Fuzzy Model for Solving Architecture Styles Selection Multi-Criteria Problem DOI: 10.1109/EMS.2008.45 Keywords: decision making fuzzy reasoning software architecture architecture styles selection multicriteria problem continuing process fuzzy inference fuzzy model multicriteria decision-making problem software development software evaluation software production software systems enlargement Computational modeling Computer architecture Computer simulation Design engineering Fuzzy logic Programming Software design Software systems Architecture Styles fuzzy modeling multicriteria problem Abstract: The continuing process of software systems enlargement in size and complexity becomes system design extremely important for software production. In this way, the role of software architecture is significantly important in software development. It serves as an evaluation and implementation plan for software development and software evaluation. Consequently, choosing the correct architecture is a critical issue in software engineering domain. Moreover, software architecture selection is a multicriteria decision-making problem in which different goals and objectives must be taken into consideration. In this paper, more precise and suitable decisions in selection of architecture styles have been presented by using fuzzy inference to support decisions of software architects in order to exploit properties of styles in the best way. Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8709 Author: Šendelj, Ramo and Devedžić, Vladan Year: 2004 Title: Fuzzy systems based on component software Journal: Fuzzy Sets and Systems Volume: 141 Issue: 3 Pages: 487-504 Date: 2/1/ Short Title: Fuzzy systems based on component software ISSN: 0165-0114 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0165-0114(02)00592-4 Keywords: Fuzzy logic Fuzzy expert systems Hierarchical modeling Software components Medical diagnosis Abstract: This paper describes hierarchical modeling of fuzzy logic concepts that has been used within the recently developed model of intelligent systems, called OBOA. The model is based on a multilevel, hierarchical, general object-oriented approach. Current methods and software design and development tools for intelligent systems are usually difficult to extend, and it is not easy to reuse their components in developing intelligent systems. The OBOA model tries to reduce these deficiencies. The model starts with a well-founded software engineering principle, making clear distinction between generic, low-level intelligent software components, and domain-dependent, high-level components of an intelligent system. This paper concentrates on modeling and implementation of fuzzy logic concepts within the hierarchical levels of the OBOA model. The fuzzy components described are extensible and adjustable. As an illustration of how these components are used in practice, a practical design example from the domain of medical diagnosis is shown. The paper also suggests some steps towards future design of fuzzy components and tools for intelligent systems. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0165011402005924 Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8479 Author: Rodrigues, Luís Filipe, Costa, Carlos J. and Oliveira, Abílio Year: 2016 Title: Gamification: A framework for designing software in e-banking Journal: Computers in Human Behavior Volume: 62 Pages: 620-634 Date: 9// Short Title: Gamification: A framework for designing software in e-banking ISSN: 0747-5632 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2016.04.035 Keywords: Software design games Software quality Users experience Gamification E-banking Abstract: The gamification software development gave emphasis to the role played by the users to test and improve the software. This study presents a framework for software gamified in e-banking, taking a users' groups and a qualitative research approach, to check the users' design preferences in five cases of banking software gamified (Futebank, Dreams, Galaxy, Olympics, and Warrants). After software presentation, and usage experience, 53 participants, responses to a survey with six open questions. The data were analyzed through a text semantic software, to detect and classify lexical items in, accordance, with standard of software quality characteristics and user experiences. Two primary categories were identified, as well five dimensions in each element and characteristic categories. The results show five characteristic dimensions (design, appearance, functionality, rules, and objectives) and five element dimension (game, product, security, process, and information). These findings provide a framework for web designers and e-business, highlighting the most important software features when dealing with serious applications with game design. It adds value to the current literature on understanding the customer relationship with the game and the financial product, identifying new dimensions (game and product) on the approach of thinking and design gamification in e-banking. Our finding contributes to a better understanding of key elements and characteristics in e-banking software design and has important practical implications for software development and marketing practices. Thoughts on the users' software design preferences identified, should propel increase adoption and attractiveness of online banking. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0747563216303107 Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 8348 Author: Almaliki, Malik, Jiang, Nan, Ali, Raian and Dalpiaz, Fabiano Year: 2014 Title: Gamified Culture-Aware Feedback Acquisition Conference Name: Proceedings of the 2014 IEEE/ACM 7th International Conference on Utility and Cloud Computing Publisher: IEEE Computer Society Pages: 624-625 DOI: 10.1109/ucc.2014.99 Place Published: 2760006 Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 8222 Author: Gantt, Michelle and Nardi, Bonnie A. Year: 1992 Title: Gardeners and gurus: patterns of cooperation among CAD users Conference Name: Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Conference Location: Monterey, California, USA Publisher: ACM Pages: 107-117 DOI: 10.1145/142750.142767 Place Published: 142767 Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 7990 Author: Huff, Chuck Year: 2002 Title: Gender, software design, and occupational equity Journal: SIGCSE Bull. Volume: 34 Issue: 2 Pages: 112-115 Short Title: Gender, software design, and occupational equity ISSN: 0097-8418 DOI: 10.1145/543812.543842 Legal Note: 543842 Abstract: After reviewing the work on gender bias in software design, a model of gender-role influenced achievement choice taken from Eccles [7] is presented. The paper concludes that (1) though laudable, reduction of gender bias in software design is not the most straightforward way to reduce gender inequity in the choice of computing as a career, (2) the model itself makes more clear some of the ethical issues involved in attempting to achieve gender equity on computing, and (3) efforts to reduce gender inequity in the choice of computing as a career need to be evaluated in the light of this model. Notes: Focus on gender Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 8919 Author: Xun, Gui, Lan, Yao, Zhigang, Liu and Qingquan, Qian Year of Conference: 2008 Title: General power transmission line on-line monitoring software system based on wireless public network Conference Name: 2008 7th World Congress on Intelligent Control and Automation Pages: 2777-2782 Date: 25-27 June 2008 Short Title: General power transmission line on-line monitoring software system based on wireless public network DOI: 10.1109/WCICA.2008.4593365 Keywords: code division multiple access computerised monitoring data acquisition multicast communication multivariable systems packet radio networks power engineering computing power transmission lines GPRS-CDMA data management container data parsing data saving data stream adapter principle decentralized remote monitoring software system power transmission line on-line monitoring software system remote hardware debugging wireless public network Debugging Ground penetrating radar Hardware Logic design Multiaccess communication Remote monitoring Software systems Surveillance GPRS decentralized software system on-line monitoring plug-in software architecture Abstract: Through analyzing problems in aspects of multi-version coexistence, data integration, system expansion and capacity expansion for the power transmission line on-line monitoring software system, a set of decentralized remote monitoring software system based on wireless public network (GPRS/CDMA) was researched and developed. It consists of six subsystems and can expand with the scale of monitored objects. In detail discussed the design concept of key subsystems: the data acquisition service subsystem divided three logic processes of data acquisition, data parsing and data saving into three expandable and isolated software units; the surveillance and maintenance subsystem adopted multicast communication method to acquire status information from each node, so as to form different surveillance data queues interiorly; the expert subsystem designed the data management container by time scale and created a uniform plug-in interface according to analysis in different fields; the hardware debugging subsystem realized a general mechanism that can carry on local and remote hardware debugging, by using of the data stream adapter principle. Compared with traditional system, this system has been improved in availability, expandability, reliability and economical efficiency. Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8569 Author: Fuentes, Lidia, Pinto, Mónica and Sánchez, Pablo Year: 2008 Title: Generating CAM aspect-oriented architectures using Model-Driven Development Journal: Information and Software Technology Volume: 50 Issue: 12 Pages: 1248-1265 Date: 11// Short Title: Generating CAM aspect-oriented architectures using Model-Driven Development ISSN: 0950-5849 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.infsof.2007.10.020 Keywords: Aspect-orientation Software architectures Model-Driven Development Component-based systems Abstract: Aspect-Oriented Software Development promotes the separation of those concerns that cut across several components and/or are tangled with the base functionality of a component, through all phases of the software lifecycle. The benefit of identifying these crosscutting concerns (aspects) at the architectural level in particular is to improve the architecture design and its subsequent evolution, before moving onto detailed design and implementation. However, software architects are not usually experts on using specific AO architecture notations. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to provide support to define and specify aspect-oriented (AO) architectures using non-AO ones as the source. We will use the Model-Driven Development approach to transform a component-based architecture model into an AO architecture model. The CAM (component and aspect model) model and the DAOP–ADL language are the proposals used for modelling and specifying AO architectures. We will show how we automated part of the process and the tool support. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0950584907001516 Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8434 Author: Last, Philipp, Kroker, Martin and Linsen, Lars Year: 2017 Title: Generating real-time objects for a bridge ship-handling simulator based on automatic identification system data Journal: Simulation Modelling Practice and Theory Volume: 72 Pages: 69-87 Date: 3// Short Title: Generating real-time objects for a bridge ship-handling simulator based on automatic identification system data ISSN: 1569-190X DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.simpat.2016.12.011 Keywords: Maritime safety AIS DIS Distributed simulation Abstract: Most accidents at sea are caused due to decision errors made by crew members. Hence, nautical education plays an important role. A common approach for training crew members is the usage of ship handling simulators. Our paper aims at increasing the closeness to real-world scenarios of simulator-based education for nautical personnel by integrating real objects into the simulation process. This integration aims at improving the learning experience leading to higher safety on sea. Since the introduction of the Automatic Identification System (AIS), which has to be installed on professional operating vessels, vessel movements can be tracked. Thus, we are using AIS data for the data integration process. Within this context several practical problems are addressed which arise in the design of a software architecture which uses live AIS data. This includes the availability of specific AIS data attributes, the AIS reporting intervals, and the mapping of AIS data to the Distributed Interactive Simulation (DIS) interface. Presented results have been successfully implemented in a software architecture which integrates a live AIS data stream into the simulation process of a full mission bridge simulator. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1569190X16302830 Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 8099 Author: Du, Miao, Schneider, Jean-Guy, Hine, Cameron, Grundy, John and Versteeg, Steve Year: 2013 Title: Generating service models by trace subsequence substitution Conference Name: Proceedings of the 9th international ACM Sigsoft conference on Quality of software architectures Conference Location: Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada Publisher: ACM Pages: 123-132 DOI: 10.1145/2465478.2465485 Place Published: 2465485 Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 8136 Author: Silva, Paulo Pinheiro da, Griffiths, Tony and Paton, Norman W. Year: 2000 Title: Generating user interface code in a model based user interface development environment Conference Name: Proceedings of the working conference on Advanced visual interfaces Conference Location: Palermo, Italy Publisher: ACM Pages: 155-160 DOI: 10.1145/345513.345301 Place Published: 345301 Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 7995 Author: Kramer, Max E. Year: 2015 Title: A Generative Approach to Change-Driven Consistency in Multi-View Modeling Conference Name: Proceedings of the 11th International ACM SIGSOFT Conference on Quality of Software Architectures Conference Location: Montréal, QC, Canada Publisher: ACM Pages: 129-134 DOI: 10.1145/2737182.2737194 Place Published: 2737194 Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9270 Author: Giri, S. G. Venkita, Price, G. A. and Zekavat, S. Year of Conference: 2014 Title: Generic SDR architecture: Vendor independent implementation Conference Name: 2014 IEEE Aerospace Conference Pages: 1-6 Date: 1-8 March 2014 Short Title: Generic SDR architecture: Vendor independent implementation ISBN: 1095-323X DOI: 10.1109/AERO.2014.6836508 Keywords: analogue-digital conversion digital signal processing chips field programmable gate arrays frequency-domain analysis software radio time-domain analysis ADC module FIFO based component interface FPGA Matlab RTL coding analog-to-digital module boot-loader data logger module debug purposes digital signal processing frequency domain signals generic SDR architecture hardware architecture hardware-software ecosystem logic modules open source processor cores register transfer level coding soft processor core software architecture software defined radios software functions software image time domain signals vendor independent implementation Computer architecture Hardware Registers Software Switches Abstract: This paper describes a flexible hardware and software architecture that is simple, works with almost all Software Defined Radios (SDR) in market today and is vendor independent in its implementation. Usually, an engineer targets a particular platform which needs considerable time and manpower for process of design and development. The proposed architecture can be applied almost exclusively to the FPGAs, using a soft processor core to perform basic software functions as well as the main role of digital signal processing. The memory map to other logic modules and external peripherals as well as a boot-loader for loading the software image have been designed. A FIFO based component interface has been designed to maintain communication between modules and external devices as well as a data logger module for debug purposes. Since the entire hardware-software ecosystem is built on a single FPGA using Register Transfer Level (RTL) coding, it can freely be used on any FPGA family by any FPGA vendor with minor modifications. This allows us to build powerful SDR systems even using basic FPGA kits, an RF-frontend and an Analog-to-Digital (ADC) module. A survey of open source processor cores is conducted to estimate resource usage and complexity on an FPGA. This can be used to select an FPGA and a processor core such that the entire system can run on a single FPGA. This architecture is implemented on an existing SDR platform and all features are successfully validated on the hardware. Data logged from this system while running a sample signal processing implementation, was tested in Matlab and was shown to have correct time and frequency domain signals at various points in the signal processing chain. Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9599 Author: Steed, C. A., Harvey, D. W., Koehler, K. A. and Northridge, B. Year of Conference: 2003 Title: Geophysical Data Base Variable resolution (GDBV): an object-oriented database for dynamic geo-acoustic data storage Conference Name: Oceans 2003. Celebrating the Past ... Teaming Toward the Future (IEEE Cat. No.03CH37492) Volume: 1 Pages: 132-140 Vol.1 Date: 22-26 Sept. 2003 Short Title: Geophysical Data Base Variable resolution (GDBV): an object-oriented database for dynamic geo-acoustic data storage DOI: 10.1109/OCEANS.2003.178534 Keywords: database management systems geographic information systems geophysics computing object-oriented databases CNO NO96 GABIM GAIT GAIT algorithms GDBV Geo-Acoustic Inversion Toolkit GeoAcoustic Bottom Interaction Model Geophysical Data Base Variable resolution LFBL database Low Frequency Bottom Loss database dynamic geo-acoustic data storage generic TTS software design generic implementation object-oriented database Data models Frequency Laboratories Libraries Memory Object oriented databases Physics Sediments Spatial databases Speech synthesis Abstract: The Geophysical Data Base - Variable resolution (GDBV) is a modern, object-oriented data store that is designed to accommodate the dynamically derived parameters of the Geo-Acoustic Inversion Toolkit (GAIT). Sponsored by the Oceanographer of the Navy (CNO NO96) via PEO (C4I and Space) PMW-155, GAIT/GDBV is a Through-the-Sensor (TTS) program that includes a flexible data model for the assimilation of data at local, regional, and global levels of operation. In addition to its dynamic capabilities, GDBV also includes support for historical database roles similar to the Naval Oceanographic Office's (NAVOCEANO) Low Frequency Bottom Loss (LFBL) database. In order to demonstrate its highly extendable design, this paper explores GDBV's database format and data model. In both the historical and dynamic capacity, GDBV must be capable of evolving with new system specifications. GDBV's multiple levels of organization and object-oriented implementation provide an efficient solution for these requirements. In addition to its dynamic operational requirements, the GDBV database will accommodate the parameter definitions from each of the following Oceanographic and Atmospheric Master Library (OAML) databases: High Frequency Bottom Loss (HFBL), LFBL, MIW Sediments and Roughness, LFBL's N-Layer dataset, and the Applied Physics Laboratory of the University of Washington's (APL-UW) GeoAcoustic Bottom Interaction Model (GABIM) Bottom Back Scatter (BBS) database. Support for these static databases enables the future evolution of each individual database into a single broad database that provides a complete description of the ocean bottom. The complete parameter set of GDBV is presented along with a physical representation of the parameters. The overall data flow is very similar to a preceding TTS system, PUMA-TEDS. This working example of GDBV in GAIT reinforces the portability of the database design and the benefits of generic TTS software design. GDBV is a modern database that prov ides a lightweight, highly portable data store with sophisticated features traditionally offered in large scale database management systems. In addition to fulfilling the requirements of the expanding GAIT algorithms, the generic implementation of GDBV will provide a valuable tool for a wide range of environmental data types, including those of future TTS programs. Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 9553 Author: Shull, F. Year: 2013 Title: Getting an Intuition for Big Data Journal: IEEE Software Volume: 30 Issue: 4 Pages: 3-6 Short Title: Getting an Intuition for Big Data ISSN: 0740-7459 DOI: 10.1109/MS.2013.76 Keywords: data mining IBM Impact 2013 Unconference IEEE Software Architecture in Practice Award IEEE software Software Engineering Institute big data interpretation big data mining IBM Impact Rafael Prikladnicki SEI Saturn Unconference Walker Royce application big data conference interpret interpretation intuition practical practice reliability research smart data software software development software engineering Abstract: IEEE Software Editor-in-Chief Forrest Shull discusses the importance of building reliable systems to interpret big data. In addition, he discusses the IBM Impact 2013 Unconference; the Software Engineering Institute's SATURN 2013 conference in which the IEEE Software Architecture in Practice Award went to Simon Brown of Coding the Architecture, for his presentation titled "The Conflict between Agile and Architecture: Myth or Reality" and the IEEE Software New Directions Award went to Darryl Nelson of Raytheon for his presentation titled, "Next-Gen Web Architecture for the Cloud Era." He also welcomes Professor Rafael Prikladnicki of the Computer Science School at PUCRS, Brazil, and Chief Software Economist Walker Royce of IBM's Software Group to the IEEE Software Advisory Board. The first Web extra at http://youtu.be/JrQorWS5m6w is a video interview in which IEEE Software editor in chief Forrest Shull speaks with Paul Zikopoulos, Director--IBM Information Management Technical Professionals, Competitive Database, and Big Data at IBM, about the potentials of mining big data. Zikopoulos will deliver a keynote at Software Experts Summit 2013 on 17 July in Redmond, Washington. The second Web extra at http://youtu.be/NHHThAeONv8 is a video interview in which IEEE Software editor in chief Forrest Shull speaks with Catherine Plaisant and Megan Monroe of the University of Maryland Human-Computer Interaction Laboratory about big data information visualization and its applications to software development. The third Web extra at http://youtu.be/NqXE0ewoTKA is a video overview of the IBM Impact 2013 Unconference, sponsored by IEEE Software magazine, an event specifically designed for developers that featured Grady Booch and Tim O'Reilly as keynote speakers. Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9598 Author: Wojcik, R. Year of Conference: 2006 Title: Getting in Touch with Your Feelings about Software Architecture Conference Name: 5th IEEE/ACIS International Conference on Computer and Information Science and 1st IEEE/ACIS International Workshop on Component-Based Software Engineering,Software Architecture and Reuse (ICIS-COMSAR'06) Pages: 2-4 Date: 10-12 July 2006 Short Title: Getting in Touch with Your Feelings about Software Architecture DOI: 10.1109/ICIS-COMSAR.2006.42 Abstract: In this keynote address, the presenter will attend to these questions by discussing the nature of software architecture in terms of architectural structures, the role that software architecture plays in an organization, the technical, business, and social influences on software architectures, and the role of quality attribute requirements in architectural design. Notes: Keynote, no research Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8776 Author: Patton, J. Year: 2008 Title: Getting Software RITE Journal: IEEE Software Volume: 25 Issue: 3 Pages: 20-21 Short Title: Getting Software RITE ISSN: 0740-7459 DOI: 10.1109/MS.2008.62 Keywords: program testing program verification user centred design user interfaces formal usability testing rapid iterative testing and evaluation software design validation software testing user centered design Digital cameras Programming Software design Software measurement Software prototyping Usability Watches RITE agile quality testing usability testing Abstract: In traditional software development environments, many designers don't routinely put their software in front of users. If the ultimate measure of well-designed software is how effectively it serves its intended purpose, then validating that it does so is critical, and the sooner the better. Many user-centered design practitioners do this with usability testing. A formal usability test is a rather sciencey affair. It involves a number of different people in different roles. This paper deals with software design validation. This test-fix-test-fix cycle continues until the software starts to feel pretty tight. This approach is called RITE (Rapid Iterative Testing and Evaluation). Notes: technique for getting user feedback Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 8122 Author: Hauck, Michael, Kuperberg, Michael, Huber, Nikolaus and Reussner, Ralf Year: 2011 Title: Ginpex: deriving performance-relevant infrastructure properties through goal-oriented experiments Conference Name: Proceedings of the joint ACM SIGSOFT conference -- QoSA and ACM SIGSOFT symposium -- ISARCS on Quality of software architectures -- QoSA and architecting critical systems -- ISARCS Conference Location: Boulder, Colorado, USA Publisher: ACM Pages: 53-62 DOI: 10.1145/2000259.2000269 Place Published: 2000269 Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 7912 Author: Nowak, Marcin and Pautasso, Cesare Year: 2011 Title: Goals, questions and metrics for architectural decision models Conference Name: Proceedings of the 6th International Workshop on SHAring and Reusing Architectural Knowledge Conference Location: Waikiki, Honolulu, HI, USA Publisher: ACM Pages: 21-28 DOI: 10.1145/1988676.1988682 Place Published: 1988682 Abstract: Architectural decisions are the key element behind the design process leading to a software architecture. Making software architects aware of the implications of their decisions is only the beginning of what can be achieved by capturing the rationale and the constraints influencing the decision making process in a reusable body of architectural knowledge. In this paper we propose a metric-based approach to the analysis of architectural decision models. Using a hierarchically-structured approach we identify a number of useful goals and stakeholders involved in the architectural design process. Next, we sketch a set of metrics to provide data for the evaluation of the aforementioned goals. Our aim is to stimulate a discussion on how to find indicators relevant for software architects by measuring the intrinsic properties of architectural knowledge. Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 7854 Author: Stal, Michael Year: 2011 Title: Good is not good enough: evaluating and improving software architecture Conference Name: Proceedings of the joint ACM SIGSOFT conference -- QoSA and ACM SIGSOFT symposium -- ISARCS on Quality of software architectures -- QoSA and architecting critical systems -- ISARCS Conference Location: Boulder, Colorado, USA Publisher: ACM Pages: 73-74 DOI: 10.1145/2000259.2000272 Place Published: 2000272 Abstract: Software engineering has an increasing impact on the diverse products, services, and solutions offered by technology-oriented industries. For example, within SIEMENS AG over 60% of revenues depend on software. Consequently, failures in software development projects lead to significant costs. If software is so important, we need sustainable software architectures designed by well-educated and skilled software architects as backbone of high quality software systems. However, due to the complexity of problem and solution domains and the increased desiderata of customers, software systems cannot be created in a big bang approach. Instead, software architectures must be systematically designed and then implemented using piecemeal growth which implies that software architects need to incrementally and iteratively refine, assess, and improve a software system. Otherwise, wrong or inefficient design decisions will be hard and costly to detect and eliminate inevitably causing design erosion to creep in. Thus, Software Architecture Evaluation and Improvement play an important role in the development of sustainable software systems. But how can we seamlessly integrate Software Architecture and Improvement into the architecture design process? A systematic process for creating software architecture comprises among many other ingredients the (stepwise) clarification and prioritization of requirements, the incremental and iterative evolution of the software architecture driven by requirements and risks, Continuous quality assessment for assuring that the software system meets its internal and external qualities as well as its functional expectations. For continuous quality assessment Test-Driven Development and Design for Testability denote approaches that are applicable when the implementation is available. In order to assess the architecture itself, even in absence of a (full) implementation, qualitative and quantitative architecture assessment methods are available. For example, the experience-based industry review method applies a SWOT analysis to identify potential threats and weaknesses as well as potential means to resolve these issues. Architecture Analysis tools support software architects in this endeavor. But how can software architects improve the internal or external quality of the software system after they detected some architecture smells? It is essential to get rid of these issues by continuous software architecture improvement which exactly is the place where architecture refactoring, reengineering, and rewriting come in. Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9365 Author: Weir, G. R. S. Year of Conference: 1989 Title: GRADIENT: graphical dialogue support for process control Conference Name: IEE Colloquium on User Interface Management Systems Pages: 7/1-7/3 Date: 17 Nov 1989 Short Title: GRADIENT: graphical dialogue support for process control Keywords: computer graphics computerised monitoring interactive systems knowledge based systems process computer control programming environments user interfaces ESPRIT programme QRES RESQ UIMS advanced information processing advanced interface systems complex process control domains design principles dialogue design graphical dialogue environment graphical dialogue support intelligent alarm handling knowledge-based systems likely control objectives monitoring advisory systems plan-recognition system process state recent activity research project response systems run-time GRADIENT system software architecture specialised expert system module support system user interface management systems Abstract: GRADIENT is a research project within the ESPRIT programme. The project aims to prove design principles, for the development of advanced interface systems for process control. The primary result is a graphical dialogue environment in which knowledge-based systems and dialogue design combine to provide advanced information processing for complex process control domains. From its inception, the run-time GRADIENT system was conceived to embody a software architecture derived from the philosophy of user interface management systems (UIMS). Within GRADIENT two monitoring and response systems are assigned, one to the process, and another to the operator. The former, a specialised expert system module, called QRES, attacks the problem of intelligent alarm handling. In his actions on the process, the operator is monitored by a plan-recognition system, called RESQ. This knowledge-based system attempts to interpret the operators' likely control objectives, given the process state and his recent activity. Behind these two monitoring advisory systems, GRADIENT provides a support system with more extensive knowledge of the process plant Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 8320 Author: M, Claus, #246, bus, Seebold, Heiko and Garbe, Hilke Year: 2005 Title: A greedy knowledge acquisition method for the rapid prototyping of knowledge structures Conference Name: Proceedings of the 3rd international conference on Knowledge capture Conference Location: Banff, Alberta, Canada Publisher: ACM Pages: 211-212 DOI: 10.1145/1088622.1088673 Place Published: 1088673 Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9614 Author: Zhong, B., Feng, M. and Lung, C. H. Year of Conference: 2010 Title: A Green Computing Based Architecture Comparison and Analysis Conference Name: Green Computing and Communications (GreenCom), 2010 IEEE/ACM Int'l Conference on & Int'l Conference on Cyber, Physical and Social Computing (CPSCom) Pages: 386-391 Date: 18-20 Dec. 2010 Short Title: A Green Computing Based Architecture Comparison and Analysis DOI: 10.1109/GreenCom-CPSCom.2010.110 Keywords: microprocessor chips power aware computing software architecture CPU-processor generic sender-receiver communication system green computing based architecture system architectures Central Processing Unit Computer architecture Concurrent computing Energy consumption Servers Transistors BiCMOS Green Computing Intel Pentium concurrency Abstract: With rising energy cost and growing environmental concerns, green computing is receiving more and more attention. Software and system architectures ( in terms of concurrency patterns) play a crucial role in both computing and telecommunication systems, and they have been analyzed for performance, reliability, maintainability, and security. Yet, little work on analysis based on the amount of energy that the CPU/processor will consume has been reported. Since most communication systems have to run 24/7 (e.g., most server farms, servers in a cloud computing infrastructure), the energy consumption of a system based on a specific software architecture is of great importance. For example, high energy consuming always leads to higher operational cost of the system. High energy consumption also implies more heat produced, thus, more power is required for cooling-down. In this paper, we propose a model that can be used to analyze the energy consumption of a software architecture, given the CPU/processor that will be used. Thus, this model gives one an additional dimension to compare competing software architectures. We present a case study using a generic sender/receiver communication system to evaluate two architectural alternatives with emphasis on energy consumption. Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 7980 Author: Munoz, Daniel-Jesus, #243, Pinto, nica and Fuentes, Lidia Year: 2017 Title: Green software development and research with the HADAS toolkit Conference Name: Proceedings of the 11th European Conference on Software Architecture: Companion Proceedings Conference Location: Canterbury, United Kingdom Publisher: ACM Pages: 205-211 DOI: 10.1145/3129790.3129818 Place Published: 3129818 Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9256 Author: Nunamaker, J. F. Year of Conference: 1989 Title: Group decision support systems (GDSS): present and future Conference Name: [1989] Proceedings of the Twenty-Second Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences. Volume II: Software Track Volume: 2 Pages: 6-16 vol.2 Date: 3-6 Jan 1989 Short Title: Group decision support systems (GDSS): present and future DOI: 10.1109/HICSS.1989.48053 Keywords: decision support systems GDSS PLEXSYS anonymity of participation automated system of support communication consensus building decision making deliberation facility design group DSS group size meetings multiple public screens negotiation network speed organizational memory satisfaction software design Buildings Collaborative work Communication networks Computer industry Information technology Management information systems Medical services Abstract: Experience with an automated system of support (PLEXSYS), to make meetings more productive through improved communication, decision making, consensus building, negotiation and deliberation is discussed. Observations, case studies, and experiments indicate that there is high potential for improving the performance of group meetings. Six group work systems are briefly described. Findings are discussed in terms of anonymity of participation, facility design, need for multiple public screens, organizational memory, communications network speed, methodological approach, software design, mixing of manual and electronic sessions, group size and composition, and satisfaction of the users Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 9191 Author: Manolescu, D., Kozaczynski, W., Miller, A. and Hogg, J. Year: 2007 Title: The Growing Divide in the Patterns World Journal: IEEE Software Volume: 24 Issue: 4 Pages: 61-67 Short Title: The Growing Divide in the Patterns World ISSN: 0740-7459 DOI: 10.1109/MS.2007.120 Keywords: object-oriented methods object-oriented programming software reusability software design software development software factory software pattern software reuse Books Investments Organizing Programming Search engines Vehicles Writing pattern community pattern languages pattern study software factories software patterns Abstract: At Microsoft, the patterns & practices group has been employing software patterns to distill, reuse, and communicate guidance about software design and development. This effort made a number of contributions to the patterns world, including several books and a community site (patternshare.org) aimed at bringing pattern authors and users together. Since then, patterns have also became a common ingredient in some of our other products, such as reusable application blocks and software factories. Our sustained investment in patterns, large user community, customer-driven development approach, and usage and customer satisfaction metrics provide us with unique insights into how practitioners use patterns. They also give us opportunities to identify and address some of their key challenges. Bridging the gap between the patterns expert community and the typical pattern user is critical to achieving the full benefits of software patterns. Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 9440 Author: McGregor, J. D., Muthig, D., Yoshimura, K. and Jensen, P. Year: 2010 Title: Guest Editors' Introduction: Successful Software Product Line Practices Journal: IEEE Software Volume: 27 Issue: 3 Pages: 16-21 Short Title: Guest Editors' Introduction: Successful Software Product Line Practices ISSN: 0740-7459 DOI: 10.1109/MS.2010.74 Keywords: business data processing product development software architecture software reusability agile development methods market segment open source business models product cycle time reduction product development strategies service-oriented architectures software product line strategy software-intensive systems Asset management Companies Productivity Robustness Service oriented architecture Software development management software engineering software product lines Abstract: A software product line is a set of software-intensive systems sharing a common, managed set of features that satisfy the specific needs of a particular market segment or mission and that are developed from a common set of core assets in a prescribed way in place. Organizations adopting product development strategies that include a software product line have achieved impressive results, reducing product cycle time and increasing productivity by an order of magnitude. The software product line strategy is a blend of business and technical actions that lets an organization satisfy a wide range of customers, gain leverage with suppliers, meet the threats of substitute products, and deter other companies seeking to enter the market. The strategy is robust over a wide range of technologies, domains, and organizations of different structures, cultures, and goals. Service-oriented architectures, agile development methods, and open source business models have all played roles in successful product line organizations. Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8412 Author: Trindade, Daniel, Orsine, Lissur A., Barbosa-Silva, Adriano, Donnard, Elisa R. and Ortega, J. Miguel Year: 2015 Title: A guide for building biological pathways along with two case studies: hair and breast development Journal: Methods Volume: 74 Pages: 16-35 Date: 3/1/ Short Title: A guide for building biological pathways along with two case studies: hair and breast development ISSN: 1046-2023 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ymeth.2014.10.006 Keywords: Pathway PubMed PESCADOR Hair development Breast development Abstract: Genomic information is being underlined in the format of biological pathways. Building these biological pathways is an ongoing demand and benefits from methods for extracting information from biomedical literature with the aid of text-mining tools. Here we hopefully guide you in the attempt of building a customized pathway or chart representation of a system. Our manual is based on a group of software designed to look at biointeractions in a set of abstracts retrieved from PubMed. However, they aim to support the work of someone with biological background, who does not need to be an expert on the subject and will play the role of manual curator while designing the representation of the system, the pathway. We therefore illustrate with two challenging case studies: hair and breast development. They were chosen for focusing on recent acquisitions of human evolution. We produced sub-pathways for each study, representing different phases of development. Differently from most charts present in current databases, we present detailed descriptions, which will additionally guide PESCADOR users along the process. The implementation as a web interface makes PESCADOR a unique tool for guiding the user along the biointeractions, which will constitute a novel pathway. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1046202314003235 Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 8957 Author: Esfahani, N., Malek, S. and Razavi, K. Year of Conference: 2013 Title: GuideArch: Guiding the exploration of architectural solution space under uncertainty Conference Name: 2013 35th International Conference on Software Engineering (ICSE) Pages: 43-52 Date: 18-26 May 2013 Short Title: GuideArch: Guiding the exploration of architectural solution space under uncertainty ISBN: 0270-5257 DOI: 10.1109/ICSE.2013.6606550 Keywords: decision making software architecture GuideArch architectural solution space quantitative exploration Batteries Computer architecture Hardware Software engineering Synthetic aperture sonar Time factors Uncertainty Abstract: A system's early architectural decisions impact its properties (e.g., scalability, dependability) as well as stakeholder concerns (e.g., cost, time to delivery). Choices made early on are both difficult and costly to change, and thus it is paramount that the engineer gets them “right”. This leads to a paradox, as in early design, the engineer is often forced to make these decisions under uncertainty, i.e., not knowing the precise impact of those decisions on the various concerns. How could the engineer make the “right” choices in such circumstances? This is precisely the question we have tackled in this paper. We present GuideArch, a framework aimed at quantitative exploration of the architectural solution space under uncertainty. It provides techniques founded on fuzzy math that help the engineer with making informed decisions. Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 8304 Author: Futcher, Lynn and Solms, Rossouw von Year: 2008 Title: Guidelines for secure software development Conference Name: Proceedings of the 2008 annual research conference of the South African Institute of Computer Scientists and Information Technologists on IT research in developing countries: riding the wave of technology Conference Location: Wilderness, South Africa Publisher: ACM Pages: 56-65 DOI: 10.1145/1456659.1456667 Place Published: 1456667 Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9087 Author: Fernández-Sánchez, C., Díaz, J., Pérez, J. and Garbajosa, J. Year of Conference: 2014 Title: Guiding Flexibility Investment in Agile Architecting Conference Name: 2014 47th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences Pages: 4807-4816 Date: 6-9 Jan. 2014 Short Title: Guiding Flexibility Investment in Agile Architecting ISBN: 1530-1605 DOI: 10.1109/HICSS.2014.590 Keywords: decision making software architecture software prototyping storage management MAKE Flexi agile architecting agile software development data storage technologies guiding flexibility investment software product architectures Computer architecture Cost accounting Decision trees Estimation Investment Software agile architecture real options technical debt Abstract: Agile software development pursues to deal with continuous change. But software product architectures without enough flexibility can restrict how products cope with change. However, designing for flexibility often entails high costs and risk that comes with the assumption that change will happen. Actually, in software architecture the flexibility investment decision making problem has become challenging. This paper presents a process to assist architects in Making decisions about Flexibility investment in Software Architecture (MAKE Flexi). MAKE Flexi is based on technical debt and real options approaches. Technical debt allows for estimating the additional cost derived from the lack of flexibility in software architectures, whereas the real options valuation allows for estimating the value of the flexibility that a design option could provide. MAKE Flexi has been applied to an industry project for smart grids to assist architects in making decisions about designing for flexibility to vary data storage technologies. Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 8060 Author: Mahdavi-Hezavehi, Sara Year: 2016 Title: Handling multiple quality attributes trade-off in architecture-based self-adaptive systems Conference Name: Proccedings of the 10th European Conference on Software Architecture Workshops Conference Location: Copenhagen, Denmark Publisher: ACM Pages: 1-2 DOI: 10.1145/2993412.3010822 Place Published: 3010822 Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 7876 Author: Saadi, Abdelfetah, Oussalah, Mourad, Henni, Abderazzak and Bennouar, Djamel Year: 2015 Title: Handling the Dynamic Reconfiguration of Software Architectures using Intelligent Agents Conference Name: Proceedings of the International Conference on Intelligent Information Processing, Security and Advanced Communication Conference Location: Batna, Algeria Publisher: ACM Pages: 1-5 DOI: 10.1145/2816839.2816904 Place Published: 2816904 Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9336 Author: Chaczko, Z., Chan, C. Y., Carrion, L. and Alenazy, W. M. G. Year of Conference: 2015 Title: Haptic Middleware Based Software Architecture for Smart Learning Conference Name: 2015 Asia-Pacific Conference on Computer Aided System Engineering Pages: 257-263 Date: 14-16 July 2015 Short Title: Haptic Middleware Based Software Architecture for Smart Learning DOI: 10.1109/APCASE.2015.52 Keywords: Internet audio-visual systems computer aided instruction data acquisition decision making haptic interfaces human computer interaction middleware service-oriented architecture statistical analysis architectural environment audio-visual object common gesture framework gesture peripheral haptic middleware based software architecture haptic peripheral haptic technology human motion human-machine interaction interactive object local audience operation characteristics remote audience self-assessment service oriented software middleware smart learning environment stand-alone entity tactile interaction utterance and gesture visual interaction voice interaction within common protocol Education Hardware Libraries Sensors Haptic Middleware Software architecture Abstract: The software architecture of smart learning environment can be perceived as an environment that is equipped with various audio-visual objects to capture human motion, utterance and gesture, allowing the teacher to deliver lectures to both local and remote audience through the Internet. The interactive objects in such architectural environment are interfaced with simple navigation, depending on operation characteristics, voice, tactile and visual interaction with the aim to improve Human-Machine Interaction. This facilitates effective data acquisition and statistical analysis, in order to assist in decision making by the participants, as well as, apply them in the process of self-assessment. This paper discusses the design and implementation of integrating hap tic technologies into the architecture of smart learning environment by designing components of service oriented software middleware that defines a common gesture framework, and thus allowing multiple hap tic and gesture peripherals to share a within common protocol, as well as, enabling individual device to work as stand-alone entity. Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9153 Author: Wuyts, K., Scandariato, R., Claeys, G. and Joosen, W. Year of Conference: 2008 Title: Hardening XDS-Based Architectures Conference Name: 2008 Third International Conference on Availability, Reliability and Security Pages: 18-25 Date: 4-7 March 2008 Short Title: Hardening XDS-Based Architectures DOI: 10.1109/ARES.2008.20 Keywords: health care medical information systems security of data XDS-based architecture cross-enterprise document sharing healthcare information technology information-intensive domain Business Computer architecture Costs Diseases Information security Information systems Medical services Risk analysis Standardization e-health security patterns software architecture Abstract: Healthcare is an information-intensive domain and therefore information technologies are playing an ever-growing role in this sector. They are expected to increase the efficiency of the delivery of healthcare services in order to both improve the quality and reduce the costs. In this context, security has been identified as a priority although several gaps still exist. This paper reports on the results of assessing the threats to XDS-based architectures. Accordingly, an architectural solution to the identified threats is presented. Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8605 Author: Boncagni, L., Centioli, C., Galperti, C., Alessi, E., Granucci, G., Grosso, L. A., Marchetto, C., Napolitano, M., Nowak, S., Panella, M., Sozzi, C., Tilia, B. and Vitale, V. Year: 2013 Title: Hardware and software architecture for the integration of the new EC waves launcher in FTU control system Journal: Fusion Engineering and Design Volume: 88 Issue: 6–8 Pages: 1050-1054 Date: 10// Short Title: Hardware and software architecture for the integration of the new EC waves launcher in FTU control system ISSN: 0920-3796 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fusengdes.2013.02.076 Keywords: ECRH Real time control EPICS MARTe Abstract: The role of high power electron cyclotron (EC) waves in controlling magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) instabilities in tokamaks has been assessed in several experiments, exploiting the physical effects induced by resonant heating and current drive. Recently a new EC launcher, whose main goal is controlling tearing modes and possibly preventing their onset, is being implemented on FTU. So far most of the components of the launcher control strategy have been realized and successfully tested on plasma experiments. Nevertheless the operations of the new launcher must be completely integrated into the existing one, and to FTU control system. This work deals with this final step, proposing a hardware and software architecture implementing up to date technologies, to achieve a modular and effective control strategy well integrated into a legacy system. The slow control system of the new EC launcher is based on a Siemens S7 Programmable Logic Controller (PLC), integrated into FTU control system supervisor through an EPICS11EPICS – Experimental Physics and Industrial Control System [1]. input output controller (IOC) and an in-house developed Channel Access client application creating an abstraction layer that decouples the IOC and the PLC from the FTU Supervisor software. This architecture could enable a smooth migration to an EPICS-only supervisory control system. The real time component of the control system is based on the open source MARTe22MARTe – Multi-Threaded Application Real-Time Executor [2]. framework relying on a Linux real time cluster, devoted to the detection of MHD instabilities and the calculation of the injection angles and the time reference for the radiofrequency power enable commands for the EC launcher. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0920379613001919 Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9491 Author: Hermann, A., Xue, Z., Rühl, S. W. and Dillmann, R. Year of Conference: 2011 Title: Hardware and software architecture of a bimanual mobile manipulator for industrial application Conference Name: 2011 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Biomimetics Pages: 2282-2288 Date: 7-11 Dec. 2011 Short Title: Hardware and software architecture of a bimanual mobile manipulator for industrial application DOI: 10.1109/ROBIO.2011.6181638 Keywords: adaptive systems control engineering computing industrial manipulators mobile robots path planning production engineering computing software architecture adaptive industrial production systems bimanual mobile manipulator hardware architecture industrial application multilevel planning framework planing paradigms software packages Hardware Mobile communication Planning Robot kinematics Sensors Service robots Abstract: We present our recent work on the Soft- and Hardware-design of a bi-manual mobile manipulation platform that can be used to evaluate planing paradigms in different scenarios, especially for industrial applications. The integration of different hardware parts (platform, arms, hands, head) establishes a testbed for diverse software packages, especially our fast and flexible multilevel planning framework. The architecture of our system covers all levels of sense and control and enables the robot to carry out a wide range of tasks important for adaptive industrial production systems. To maximize usability in future factories, our robot can be programmed in an intuitive process with very little expert knowledge. Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 9261 Author: Govindan, P., Wang, B., Ravi, P. and Saniie, J. Year: 2016 Title: Hardware and software architectures for computationally efficient three-dimensional ultrasonic data compression Journal: IET Circuits, Devices & Systems Volume: 10 Issue: 1 Pages: 54-61 Short Title: Hardware and software architectures for computationally efficient three-dimensional ultrasonic data compression ISSN: 1751-858X DOI: 10.1049/iet-cds.2015.0083 Keywords: data compression discrete wavelet transforms graphics processing units system-on-chip ultrasonic imaging 3D ultrasonic data compression algorithm Nvidia GT 750M OpenCL SoC hardware platform Xilinx Zynq data storage discrete wavelet transform graphical processing unit hardware architecture industrial application medical imaging application open computing language realtime ultrasonic imaging application reconfigurable ultrasonic system-on-chip software architecture three-dimensional ultrasonic data compression ultrasound technology volumetric data Abstract: Ultrasonic industrial and medical imaging applications involve acquisition of large amount of volumetric data in real time. Therefore, data storage becomes critical in many current day applications which utilise ultrasound technology. Compressing the acquired data allows possessing minimal storage and also helps to rapidly transmit information to remote locations for expert analysis. The objective of this study is to design computationally efficient architectures for implementing discrete wavelet transform-based ultrasonic three-dimensional (3D) data compression algorithm on a reconfigurable ultrasonic system-on-chip (SoC) hardware platform. In this study, hardware and software architectures of the 3D ultrasonic compression algorithm are realised using Xilinx Zynq all programmable SoC. This study demonstrates that, compressing 33 MB of experimental ultrasonic 3D data into 0.42 MB (98.7% compression) requires only 84 ms for hardware architecture, and 1 min for software architecture, making both designs highly suitable for real-time ultrasonic imaging applications. Furthermore, the 3D compression is implemented by using Open Computing Language (OpenCL) targeted on Nvidia GT 750M graphical processing unit. OpenCL implementation of ultrasonic 3D compression algorithm completes the execution in <;1 sec. This approach provides improved computational performance as that of hardware architecture, and comparable flexibility as that of software implementation. Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8608 Author: Respondek, T. and Krebs, V. Year: 1989 Title: Hardware and Software Structure of a Real-Time Expert System for Control of Chemical Plants Journal: IFAC Proceedings Volumes Volume: 22 Issue: 13 Pages: 37-42 Date: 9// Short Title: Hardware and Software Structure of a Real-Time Expert System for Control of Chemical Plants ISSN: 1474-6670 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-08-040185-0.50011-7 Keywords: AI based decision making techniques monitoring and supervision process and production control process scheduling techniques real-time expert systems Abstract: This paper presents a hybrid software architecture for real-time expert systems (XPS), where knowledge based software components are embedded into the existing world of conventionally programmed process control systems for chemical plants. The paper shows, how an efficient low-cost real-time expert system can be designed using an available XPS shell running on a PC. The resulting XPS is provided for supporting the operator of the plant in starting up and closing down the process as well as for giving assistance in control and supervision/failure detection. The requirements and features of the XPS, which is applied to a prototype distillation column, are discussed and critically evaluated. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780080401850500117 Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8613 Author: Respondek, T. and Krebs, V. Year: 1989 Title: Hardware and software structure of a real-time expert system for control of chemical plants Journal: Annual Review in Automatic Programming Volume: 15, Part 2 Pages: 37-42 Date: // Short Title: Hardware and software structure of a real-time expert system for control of chemical plants ISSN: 0066-4138 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0066-4138(89)90007-4 Keywords: AI based decision making techniques monitoring and supervision process and production control process scheduling techniques real-time expert systems Abstract: This paper presents a hybrid software architecture for real-time expert systems (XPS), where knowledge based software components are embedded into the existing world of conventionally programmed process control systems for chemical plants. The paper shows, how an efficient low-cost real-time expert system can be designed using an available XPS shell running on a PC. The resulting XPS is provided for supporting the operator of the plant in starting up and closing down the process as well as for giving assistance in control and supervision/failure detection. The requirements and features of the XPS, which is applied to a prototype distillation column, are discussed and critically evaluated. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0066413889900074 Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8585 Author: Freifeld, Clark C., Mandl, Kenneth D., Reis, Ben Y. and Brownstein, John S. Year: 2008 Title: HealthMap: Global Infectious Disease Monitoring through Automated Classification and Visualization of Internet Media Reports Journal: Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association Volume: 15 Issue: 2 Pages: 150-157 Date: 3// Short Title: HealthMap: Global Infectious Disease Monitoring through Automated Classification and Visualization of Internet Media Reports ISSN: 1067-5027 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1197/jamia.M2544 Abstract: Objective Unstructured electronic information sources, such as news reports, are proving to be valuable inputs for public health surveillance. However, staying abreast of current disease outbreaks requires scouring a continually growing number of disparate news sources and alert services, resulting in information overload. Our objective is to address this challenge through the HealthMap.org Web application, an automated system for querying, filtering, integrating and visualizing unstructured reports on disease outbreaks. Design This report describes the design principles, software architecture and implementation of HealthMap and discusses key challenges and future plans. Measurements We describe the process by which HealthMap collects and integrates outbreak data from a variety of sources, including news media (e.g., Google News), expert-curated accounts (e.g., ProMED Mail), and validated official alerts. Through the use of text processing algorithms, the system classifies alerts by location and disease and then overlays them on an interactive geographic map. We measure the accuracy of the classification algorithms based on the level of human curation necessary to correct misclassifications, and examine geographic coverage. Results As part of the evaluation of the system, we analyzed 778 reports with HealthMap, representing 87 disease categories and 89 countries. The automated classifier performed with 84% accuracy, demonstrating significant usefulness in managing the large volume of information processed by the system. Accuracy for ProMED alerts is 91% compared to Google News reports at 81%, as ProMED messages follow a more regular structure. Conclusion HealthMap is a useful free and open resource employing text-processing algorithms to identify important disease outbreak information through a user-friendly interface. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1067502707003441 Access Date: 2008/4// Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8131 Author: P, Jorge Enrique, #233, rez-Mart, #237 and nez Year: 2003 Title: Heavyweight extensions to the UML metamodel to describe the C3 architectural style Journal: SIGSOFT Softw. Eng. Notes Volume: 28 Issue: 3 Pages: 5-5 Short Title: Heavyweight extensions to the UML metamodel to describe the C3 architectural style ISSN: 0163-5948 DOI: 10.1145/773126.773140 Legal Note: 773140 Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8537 Author: Ainger, A. W. S. and Schmid, F. Year: 1995 Title: The helical approach to software design Journal: Computer Integrated Manufacturing Systems Volume: 8 Issue: 2 Pages: 105-115 Date: 5// Short Title: The helical approach to software design ISSN: 0951-5240 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0951-5240(95)00004-D Keywords: software design Helical Project LifeCycle Abstract: This paper is used to outline a relatively recent approach to the development of software products. Practical experience of employing the traditional waterfall lifecycle model, the Spiral Model and concurrent engineering approaches in both small and large (pan-European) software projects provide the foundation on which to present, discuss and propose a new lifecycle model; the Helical LifeCycle Approach. The authors of the paper distinguish between prototypes, and model and postulate the need for the formalization of a new software engineering job role which is focused around the Helical Project LifeCycle. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/095152409500004D Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 7901 Author: Golden, Elspeth Year: 2009 Title: Helping software architects design for usability Conference Name: Proceedings of the 1st ACM SIGCHI symposium on Engineering interactive computing systems Conference Location: Pittsburgh, PA, USA Publisher: ACM Pages: 317-320 DOI: 10.1145/1570433.1570493 Place Published: 1570493 Abstract: In spite of the goodwill and best efforts of software engineers and usability professionals, systems continue to be built and released with glaring usability flaws that are costly and difficult to fix after the system has been designed and/or built. Although user interface (UI) designers, be they usability or design experts, communicate usability requirements to software development teams, usability features often fail to be implemented as expected. If, as seems likely, software developers intend to implement what UI designers specify and simply do not know how to interpret the architectural ramifications of usability requirements, then Usability-Supporting Architectural Patterns (USAPs) will help to bridge the gap between UI designers and software engineers to produce software architecture solutions that successfully address usability requirements. USAPs achieve this goal by embedding usability concepts in templates that can be used procedurally to guide software engineers' thinking during the complex task of software architecture design. A tool design supports delivery of USAPs to software architects for use in the early stages of the design process. Notes: tool development Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 7981 Author: Rubin, Norm Year: 2014 Title: Heterogeneous computing: what does it mean for compiler research? Journal: SIGPLAN Not. Volume: 49 Issue: 8 Pages: 315-316 Short Title: Heterogeneous computing: what does it mean for compiler research? ISSN: 0362-1340 DOI: 10.1145/2692916.2558891 Legal Note: 2558891 Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 7982 Author: Rubin, Norm Year: 2014 Title: Heterogeneous computing: what does it mean for compiler research? Conference Name: Proceedings of the 19th ACM SIGPLAN symposium on Principles and practice of parallel programming Conference Location: Orlando, Florida, USA Publisher: ACM Pages: 315-316 DOI: 10.1145/2555243.2558891 Place Published: 2558891 Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 8820 Author: Teck, T. Y., Chitre, M. and Vadakkepat, P. Year of Conference: 2010 Title: Hierarchical agent-based command and control system for autonomous underwater vehicles Conference Name: 2010 International Conference on Autonomous and Intelligent Systems, AIS 2010 Pages: 1-6 Date: 21-23 June 2010 Short Title: Hierarchical agent-based command and control system for autonomous underwater vehicles DOI: 10.1109/AIS.2010.5547041 Keywords: collision avoidance command and control systems control engineering computing decision making fault diagnosis remotely operated vehicles software agents software architecture underwater vehicles ARL STARFISH AUV agent based command and control system autonomous underwater vehicles control system architecture mission level decision making multivehicle scenarios navigational control obstacle avoidance task planning vehicle fault detection Computer architecture Monitoring Navigation Payloads Software Vehicles Autonomous Underwater Vehicle (AUV) Command and Control System Hybrid Architecture Modularity Abstract: Over the past decades, the design and development of mission based Autonomous Underwater Vehicle (AUV) continues to challenge researchers. Although AUV technology has matured and commercial systems have appeared in the market, a generic yet robust AUV command and control (C2) system still remains a key research area. This paper presents a command and control system architecture for modular AUVs. We particularly focus on the design and development of a generic control and software architecture for a single modular AUV while allowing natural extensions to multi-vehicle scenarios. This proposed C2 system has a hybrid modular-hierarchical control architecture. It adopts top-down approach in mission level decision making and task planning while utilizing bottom-up approach for navigational control, obstacle avoidance and vehicle fault detection. Each level consists of one or more autonomous agent components handling different C2 tasks. This structure provides the vehicle developers with an explicit view of the clearly defined control responsibilities at different level of control hierarchy. The resultant C2 system is currently operational on the STARFISH AUV built at the ARL of the National University of Singapore. It has successfully executed some autonomous missions during sea trials carried out around the Singapore coastal area. Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 9202 Author: Smyth, B., Keane, M. T. and Cunningham, P. Year: 2001 Title: Hierarchical case-based reasoning integrating case-based and decompositional problem-solving techniques for plant-control software design Journal: IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering Volume: 13 Issue: 5 Pages: 793-812 Short Title: Hierarchical case-based reasoning integrating case-based and decompositional problem-solving techniques for plant-control software design ISSN: 1041-4347 DOI: 10.1109/69.956101 Keywords: automatic programming case-based reasoning industrial control problem solving CBR Deja Vu automated software design case based organization complex problem solving tasks decompositional problem-solving techniques future problem solving hierarchical case based reasoning hierarchical problem solving multiple case reuse past experience plant-control software design automation Artificial intelligence Computer Society Concrete Probes Problem-solving Software design Abstract: Case based reasoning (CBR) is an artificial intelligence technique that emphasises the role of past experience during future problem solving. New problems are solved by retrieving and adapting the solutions to similar problems, solutions that have been stored and indexed for future reuse as cases in a case-base. The power of CBR is severely curtailed if problem solving is limited to the retrieval and adaptation of a single case, so most CBR systems dealing with complex problem solving tasks have to use multiple cases. The paper describes and evaluates the technique of hierarchical case based reasoning, which allows complex problems to be solved by reusing multiple cases at various levels of abstraction. The technique is described in the context of Deja Vu, a CBR system aimed at automating plant-control software design Notes: tool based on certain technique Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8681 Author: Orlov, Sergey and Vishnyakov, Andrei Year: 2017 Title: Hierarchical Criterion Approach for Architecture Structure Selection of Transportation Software Journal: Procedia Engineering Volume: 178 Pages: 233-242 Date: // Short Title: Hierarchical Criterion Approach for Architecture Structure Selection of Transportation Software ISSN: 1877-7058 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2017.01.104 Keywords: multicriteria decision analysis hierarchical criterion criteria importance theory software architecture architectural patterns Abstract: Architectural structural design of modern transportation software has a huge impact on a quality and cost of the development process, hence it's required to pay reasonable attention while making architecture design decisions. The technique proposed in this paper allows selecting the optimal software architecture among several alternatives. This selection technique is reduced to the criteria importance theory for decision-making problems with a hierarchical criterion structure. For applying it, we need to pick up a set of metrics that assess the characteristics of the software architecture. Next, we need to determine metrics scale and create the hierarchical criterion structure with all the relations between software metric groups. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1877705817301042 Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8747 Author: Schuh, G., Gottschalk, S. and Höhne, T. Year: 2007 Title: High Resolution Production Management Journal: CIRP Annals Volume: 56 Issue: 1 Pages: 439-442 Date: // Short Title: High Resolution Production Management ISSN: 0007-8506 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cirp.2007.05.105 Keywords: Planning Scheduling Open Architecture Abstract: High Resolution Production Management describes the approach to set up a network of sensors for online order identification and localisation in production consisting of new and existing information technologies such as Radio Frequency Identification (RFID), Programmable Logic Controllers (PLC) and Personal Digital Assistants (PDA). It is intended to establish a new order optimisation principle between the interlaced planning levels, which allows an improved real-time decision making. Finally, a software architecture is proposed which allows for a consistent interaction of the heterogeneous planning and control systems. The paper introduces the approach and first concepts of High Resolution Production Management and presents first experiences of application to industrial cases. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0007850607001060 Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 8782 Author: Brettle, J. and Kruger, A. Year of Conference: 2009 Title: Higher-level development and COTS hardware expand FPGA boundaries Conference Name: 2009 IEEE AUTOTESTCON Pages: 121-124 Date: 14-17 Sept. 2009 Short Title: Higher-level development and COTS hardware expand FPGA boundaries ISBN: 1088-7725 DOI: 10.1109/AUTEST.2009.5314035 Keywords: C language electronic engineering computing field programmable gate arrays logic design software packages C programming COTS hardware FPGA digital communication protocol digital signal processing direct memory access Access protocols Computer industry Digital communication Hardware design languages Knowledge engineering Layout Software design Software tools Abstract: FPGA development tools can be complex, especially for users outside the digital design space. As a result of this complexity, industry is calling for software tools to increase efficiency of digital designers by abstracting the low-level details of FPGA programming. Most importantly, this process must close the growing gap between hardware and software design. New tools are emerging to help scientists and engineers use FPGAs without requiring the knowledge of low level hardware description languages (HDLs) or board layout. These domain expert users can use prior knowledge in software design or graphical approaches to create complex systems that include digital signal processing (DSP), direct memory access (DMA), digital communication protocols, and more all within an FPGA. With the ability to use C programming on the host and higher level tools for FPGA development on the target, software engineers can use FPGA technologies along with processors to run algorithms on the most efficient hardware target for test applications. This paper will cover examples of these tools and detail how higher-level abstraction, coupled with COTS hardware, can bring FPGA technology to new domains and users. Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 8874 Author: Yun-Jie, L., De-Tai, Z., Yan-Yu, W. and Jia, Y. Year of Conference: 2016 Title: HIRFL Water Level Monitoring System Research and Design Conference Name: 2016 Sixth International Conference on Instrumentation & Measurement, Computer, Communication and Control (IMCCC) Pages: 127-130 Date: 21-23 July 2016 Short Title: HIRFL Water Level Monitoring System Research and Design DOI: 10.1109/IMCCC.2016.18 Keywords: computerised monitoring level measurement Chinese Academy of Science HIRFL water level monitoring system design HIRFL water level monitoring system research Institute of Modern Physics hardware design monitoring tank level situation software design Computers Instruments HIRFL system alarm monitoring secondary instrument water level Abstract: HIRFL system is the most advanced all-around heavy ion research facility. It is responsible for many of the scientific tasks in China, so to ensure its safe operation is a major responsibility by the Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Science. There are many magnets and power needs water to cool, so the water system plays an important role in the whole HIRFL system. We design a set of water level monitoring system in order to protect the normal operation of the water system in this paper. It can monitoring tank level situation real-time, and visually displayed on a control room interface for water supply system of HIRFL. All of the design theory, and specific hardware and software design, and the specific operating results were given by this paper. Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9435 Author: Barik, L. B., Chandrakar, O., Patel, B. and Barik, A. Year of Conference: 2011 Title: HKDA — Design pattern system architecture Conference Name: 2011 2nd International Conference on Computer and Communication Technology (ICCCT-2011) Pages: 118-123 Date: 15-17 Sept. 2011 Short Title: HKDA — Design pattern system architecture DOI: 10.1109/ICCCT.2011.6075124 Keywords: data mining inference mechanisms intelligent tutoring systems object-oriented methods software architecture HKDA system ITS adaptive learning environment communication knowledge design pattern system architecture domain knowledge domain model human knowledge discovery agent system inference mechanism knowledge management pedagogical experts pedagogical module presentation planner software design pattern software development student knowledge-base student modeller Adaptation models Data models Educational institutions Knowledge based systems Learning systems Materials Design Pattern Knowledge Component Multi-agent HKDA System Abstract: Software Design Patterns (DPs) have been recognized as very important and useful in real software development since they provide an elegant way of getting around problems that often occur. Researcher has built an ITS known as Human Knowledge Discovery Agent System-HKDA, which provides adaptive learning environment for the students by providing personalized instructions. The HKDA System makes inferences about student knowledge and interacts intelligently with students based upon individual representations of their knowledge. The design pattern system architecture of HKDA consists of eight main components. In this research, researchers are going to discuss about Student Modeller and Pedagogical Module. However, to provide a clear idea about design patterns, a small description about other components such as Domain Knowledge/Domain Model, Knowledge Management, Student Knowledge-base, Presentation Planner, Pedagogical Experts and Communication Knowledge are also given. Notes: students Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9460 Author: Abderrahim, M., Ouzzif, M., Guillouard, K., François, J. and Lebre, A. Year of Conference: 2017 Title: A Holistic Monitoring Service for Fog/Edge Infrastructures: A Foresight Study Conference Name: 2017 IEEE 5th International Conference on Future Internet of Things and Cloud (FiCloud) Pages: 337-344 Date: 21-23 Aug. 2017 Short Title: A Holistic Monitoring Service for Fog/Edge Infrastructures: A Foresight Study DOI: 10.1109/FiCloud.2017.30 Keywords: Cloud computing Monitoring Resilience Servers Temperature measurement Temperature sensors distributed fog computing network backbones software architecture Abstract: Although academic and industry experts are now advocating for going from large-centralized Cloud Computing infrastructures to smaller ones massively distributed at the edge of the network, management systems to operate and use such infrastructures are still missing. In this paper, we focus on the monitoring service which is a key element to any management system in charge of operating a distributed infrastructure. Several solutions have been proposed in the past for cluster, grid and cloud systems. However, none is well appropriate to the Fog/Edge context. Our goal in this study, is to pave the way towards a holistic monitoring service for a Fog/Edge infrastructure hosting next generation digital services. The contributions of our work are: (i) the problem statement, (ii) a classification and a qualitative analysis of major existing solutions, and (iii) a preliminary discussion on the impact of the deployment strategy of functions composing the monitoring service. Reference Type: Book Section Record Number: 8668 Author: Chakravarthy, Sukumar R. Year: 1996 Title: Host-node client-server software architecture for computational fluid dynamics on MPP computers A2 - Ecer, A Editor: Periaux, J., Satdfuka, N. and Taylor, S. Book Title: Parallel Computational Fluid Dynamics 1995 Place Published: Amsterdam Publisher: North-Holland Pages: 719-723 Short Title: Host-node client-server software architecture for computational fluid dynamics on MPP computers A2 - Ecer, A ISBN: 978-0-444-82322-9 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-044482322-9/50142-0 Abstract: Publisher Summary This chapter describes the role of the host-node and client-server programming paradigms in effectively adapting full-fledged computational fluid dynamics (CFD) codes designed for conventional workstations and supercomputers to massively parallel processor (MPP) computers, and in designing new CFD software for them. They permit the various tasks to be encapsulated in an object-oriented fashion and result in the synergistic use of all available computational resources. In the host-node programming model, programs run concurrently on the host as well as on a chosen set of nodes. The programs can communicate with each other by passing messages. The chapter discusses the minimum hardware configuration, including one MPP computer, one or more graphics workstation with X-windows, and disks on the workstation. It is assumed that the amount of main memory available on the MPP computer far exceeds the maximum possible on an individual workstation. The chapter further describes the application domain; geometric domain decomposition and synthesis; functional domain decomposition and synthesis; application domain decomposition and synthesis, along with the benefits of host-node model. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780444823229501420 Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8453 Author: Rodrigues, Luís Filipe, Costa, Carlos J. and Oliveira, Abílio Year: 2017 Title: How does the web game design influence the behavior of e-banking users? Journal: Computers in Human Behavior Volume: 74 Pages: 163-174 Date: 9// Short Title: How does the web game design influence the behavior of e-banking users? ISSN: 0747-5632 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2017.04.034 Keywords: E-banking Gamification Web design Software development Technology acceptance Abstract: Gamification has a clear influence on software design, development and plays an important role in the motivation and intention of users to use a website and buy online. Nevertheless, in the case of e-banking, the influence of gamification in software design and on the user's intention to use are still very unclear. We intend to verify how game design elements and mechanics combined in the design of a bank website, influence the intention of customers to use e-banking. To explore and analyze the effects of gamification on a bank website, we propose a conceptual model considering the interaction between six variables: gamification, ease of use, information, design, web page characteristics, and intention to use the website. To test this model we develop a quantitative study involving 219 bank customers as participants who interacted with a gamified e-banking website to manage their financial investments. Participants then responded to an online questionnaire (including items related to the main variables), in order to measure their reactions to gamified software and their intentions. All data were statistically analyzed and results indicate that gamification has a significant influence on the ease of use and the intention to use e-banking, as well as on the web design, information, and webpage characteristics. We find that gamification may motivate customers to use e-banking, and that it improves their financial literacy and facilitates online processes and transactions. This study provides insightful guidelines for web design, development and e-banking contents that can be taken into account by marketing, IT, and business teams working in electronic banks. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0747563217302765 Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9182 Author: Bang, J. Y., Krka, I., Medvidovic, N., Kulkarni, N. and Padmanabhuni, S. Year of Conference: 2013 Title: How software architects collaborate: Insights from collaborative software design in practice Conference Name: 2013 6th International Workshop on Cooperative and Human Aspects of Software Engineering (CHASE) Pages: 41-48 Date: 25-25 May 2013 Short Title: How software architects collaborate: Insights from collaborative software design in practice DOI: 10.1109/CHASE.2013.6614730 Keywords: distributed processing groupware software architecture collaboration cost drivers collaborative software design distributed engineering geographic distribution global software solutions software architecture collaboration software systems Collaborative software Computer architecture Interviews Organizations Software Topology Abstract: The increasingly complex software systems are developed by globally distributed engineering teams consisting of a number of members who collaborate to gather the requirements, as well as design, implement, and test the system. Unlike other development activities, collaborative software design has not yet been studied extensively, and thus it is not fully understood how it is conducted in practice. We have commenced a series of studies to address this. As the first step, we have interviewed architects at a global software solutions provider to observe how collaborative software design works in practice. In this paper, we report the observations and insights we gained from the interviews related to (1) the various roles of software architects in collaborative software design, (2) the project-specific networks of software architects, (3) the impacts of geographic distribution, and (4) the collaboration cost drivers. We also discuss how we are using these insights to shape up our subsequent research. 'File' Atttachments: internal-pdf://3159035491/How software architects collaborate Insights f.pdf Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 9201 Author: Mangano, N., LaToza, T. D., Petre, M. and Hoek, A. van der Year: 2015 Title: How Software Designers Interact with Sketches at the Whiteboard Journal: IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering Volume: 41 Issue: 2 Pages: 135-156 Short Title: How Software Designers Interact with Sketches at the Whiteboard ISSN: 0098-5589 DOI: 10.1109/TSE.2014.2362924 Keywords: software engineering reasoning activity software design software development visual syntactic elements whiteboard sketch Cognition Encoding Syntactics Videos Visualization Interaction styles systems analysis and design user-centered design Abstract: Whiteboard sketches play a crucial role in software development, helping to support groups of designers in reasoning about a software design problem at hand. However, little is known about these sketches and how they support design `in the moment', particularly in terms of the relationships among sketches, visual syntactic elements within sketches, and reasoning activities. To address this gap, we analyzed 14 hours of design activity by eight pairs of professional software designers, manually coding over 4000 events capturing the introduction of visual syntactic elements into sketches, focus transitions between sketches, and reasoning activities. Our findings indicate that sketches serve as a rich medium for supporting design conversations. Designers often use general-purpose notations. Designers introduce new syntactic elements to record aspects of the design, or re-purpose sketches as the design develops. Designers constantly shift focus between sketches, using groups of sketches together that contain complementary information. Finally, sketches play an important role in supporting several types of reasoning activities (mental simulation, review of progress, consideration of alternatives). But these activities often leave no trace and rarely lead to sketch creation. We discuss the implications of these and other findings for the practice of software design at the whiteboard and for the creation of new electronic software design sketching tools. 'File' Attachments: internal-pdf://0907774221/How Software Designers Interact with Sketches.pdf Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8425 Author: Morschheuser, Benedikt, Hassan, Lobna, Werder, Karl and Hamari, Juho Title: How to design gamification? A method for engineering gamified software Journal: Information and Software Technology Short Title: How to design gamification? A method for engineering gamified software ISSN: 0950-5849 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.infsof.2017.10.015 Keywords: Gamification Software engineering Design science research Persuasive technology Gameful design Playfulness Game design Abstract: AbstractContext Since its inception around 2010, gamification has become one of the top technology and software trends. However, gamification has also been regarded as one of the most challenging areas of software engineering. Beyond traditional software design requirements, designing gamification requires the command of disciplines such as (motivational/behavioral) psychology, game design, and narratology, making the development of gamified software a challenge for traditional software developers. Gamification software inhabits a finely tuned niche of software engineering that seeks for both high functionality and engagement; beyond technical flawlessness, gamification has to motivate and affect users. Consequently, it has also been projected that most gamified software is doomed to fail. Objective This paper seeks to advance the understanding of designing gamification and to provide a comprehensive method for developing gamified software. Method We approach the research problem via a design science research approach; firstly, by synthesizing the current body of literature on gamification design methods and by interviewing 25 gamification experts, producing a comprehensive list of design principles for developing gamified software. Secondly, and more importantly, we develop a detailed method for engineering of gamified software based on the gathered knowledge and design principles. Finally, we conduct an evaluation of the artifacts via interviews of ten gamification experts and implementation of the engineering method in a gamification project. Results As results of the study, we present the method and key design principles for engineering gamified software. Based on the empirical and expert evaluation, the developed method was deemed as comprehensive, implementable, complete, and useful. We deliver a comprehensive overview of gamification guidelines and shed novel insights into the nature of gamification development and design discourse. Conclusion This paper takes first steps towards a comprehensive method for gamified software engineering. Notes: specific solution URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S095058491730349X Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 8838 Year of Conference: 2009 Title: Hub page Conference Name: 2009 ICSE Workshop on Sharing and Reusing Architectural Knowledge Pages: iii-iii Date: 16-16 May 2009 Short Title: Hub page DOI: 10.1109/SHARK.2009.5069098 Keywords: decision making knowledge acquisition product development software architecture software quality software reusability SOA decision making agile development architectural knowledge extraction decision-centric architectural design product line development quality criteria reuse software architecture design software life cycle Abstract: The following topics are dealt with: software architecture design; agile development; SOA decision making; decision-centric architectural design; software life cycle; product line development; architectural knowledge extraction and quality criteria reuse. Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 7534 Author: Tang, A., Razavian, M., Paech, B. and Hesse, T. M. Year of Conference: 2017 Title: Human Aspects in Software Architecture Decision Making: A Literature Review Conference Name: 2017 IEEE International Conference on Software Architecture (ICSA) Pages: 107-116 Date: 3-7 April 2017 Short Title: Human Aspects in Software Architecture Decision Making: A Literature Review DOI: 10.1109/ICSA.2017.15 Keywords: decision making human factors software architecture architectural design practices decision making behavior decision making practice human aspects human behaviors mental activity software architecture decision making Bibliographies Conferences Economics Software Tools human behavior methods and tools Abstract: Despite past efforts, we have little understanding and limited research efforts on how architects make decisions in the real-world settings. It seems that software architecture researchers make implicit assumption that decision making by software architects can be a rational and prescribed process. Such an assumption is disputed in other fields such as economics and decision research. This paper studies the current state of software architecture decision making research in terms of human behaviors and practice. We carried out a literature review on software architecture decision making. We classified papers into decision making behavior and decision making practice and identified the research relationships between them. We found that decision making is a mental activity. Research into the behavioral aspects of software architecture decision making for incorporation into architectural design practices is required. We suggest three research topics on human aspects to improve software architecture practices. Notes: Literature review Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9142 Author: Tang, A., Razavian, M., Paech, B. and Hesse, T. M. Year of Conference: 2017 Title: Human Aspects in Software Architecture Decision Making: A Literature Review Conference Name: 2017 IEEE International Conference on Software Architecture (ICSA) Pages: 107-116 Date: 3-7 April 2017 Short Title: Human Aspects in Software Architecture Decision Making: A Literature Review DOI: 10.1109/ICSA.2017.15 Keywords: decision making human factors software architecture architectural design practices decision making behavior decision making practice human aspects human behaviors mental activity software architecture decision making Bibliographies Conferences Economics Software Tools human behavior methods and tools Abstract: Despite past efforts, we have little understanding and limited research efforts on how architects make decisions in the real-world settings. It seems that software architecture researchers make implicit assumption that decision making by software architects can be a rational and prescribed process. Such an assumption is disputed in other fields such as economics and decision research. This paper studies the current state of software architecture decision making research in terms of human behaviors and practice. We carried out a literature review on software architecture decision making. We classified papers into decision making behavior and decision making practice and identified the research relationships between them. We found that decision making is a mental activity. Research into the behavioral aspects of software architecture decision making for incorporation into architectural design practices is required. We suggest three research topics on human aspects to improve software architecture practices. Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 8373 Author: Quiroz, Juan C., Dascalu, Sergiu M. and Louis, Sushil J. Year: 2007 Title: Human guided evolution of XUL user interfaces Conference Name: CHI '07 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems Conference Location: San Jose, CA, USA Publisher: ACM Pages: 2621-2626 DOI: 10.1145/1240866.1241052 Place Published: 1241052 Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9583 Author: Chiperi, M., Mocanu, I. and Trascau, M. Year of Conference: 2017 Title: Human tracking using multiple views Conference Name: 2017 40th International Conference on Telecommunications and Signal Processing (TSP) Pages: 670-673 Date: 5-7 July 2017 Short Title: Human tracking using multiple views DOI: 10.1109/TSP.2017.8076071 Keywords: ambient intelligence home automation image motion analysis image sensors object detection object tracking AmI-Lab AmI-Platform Kinect sensor PTZ camera activity assistance ambient intelligence laboratory human tracking smart home user detection user tracking users movement Cameras Intelligent sensors Optical imaging Optical sensors Tracking Training integral channel feature multiple cameras optical flow Abstract: Human tracking plays an important role in providing activity assistance and care for users in smart homes. This paper presents a method for detecting and tracking of a user in a smart home using multiple sensors. We consider one PTZ camera and multiple Kinects in order to offer continuity over the users movement. Thus, the user can be keep inside the frame for most of the time. In this way, we minimize the drawbacks of using only one type of sensor. For example, field of view provided by Kinect sensor is not wide enough to cover the entire room. Also, the PTZ camera is not able to detect and track a person in case of different situations, such as the person is sitting or it is under the camera. The system is proposed for the Ambient Intelligence Laboratory (AmI-Lab) at the University Politehnica of Bucharest, and the design is compatible with the software architecture developed for this laboratory, AmI-Platform. The training and evaluation is operated on custom dataset, extracted from the AmI-Lab test environment. Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8676 Author: Poyet, Patrice and Detay, Michel Year: 1989 Title: HYDROLAB: an example of a new generation of compact expert systems Journal: Computers & Geosciences Volume: 15 Issue: 3 Pages: 255-267 Date: // Short Title: HYDROLAB: an example of a new generation of compact expert systems ISSN: 0098-3004 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0098-3004(89)90039-3 Keywords: Artificial intelligence Expert systems Personal computers Hydrogeology Abstract: The system described in this paper is an expert system implemented on a PC. The aim was to develop efficient software, running on hardware available in the developing countries, with a high level of expertise in the field of village water-supply programs. The hardware constraints led us to develop a specialized and sophisticated software architecture in order to reach a high-performance level that included many of the useful features generally available for the user on mainframes with larger tools or with expert-system shells. The underlying mechanisms of HYDROLAB do not rely on fully generic schemes, but rather on well-suited solutions to application-dependent problems. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0098300489900393 Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 8847 Author: Chepken, C., Blake, E. and Marsden, G. Year of Conference: 2013 Title: ICTs and survival tactics for the day-labour workers: Implications for design Conference Name: 2013 IST-Africa Conference & Exhibition Pages: 1-8 Date: 29-31 May 2013 Short Title: ICTs and survival tactics for the day-labour workers: Implications for design Keywords: Digital Divide decision making human factors mobile radio ICTs Nairobi Kenya day-labour market day-labour workers digital divide gap reduction mobile phone services network tariffs policy formulation software design decision making survival tactics Cities and towns Interviews Mobile communication Mobile handsets Organizations Software systems DLM Day-labourer tariffs Abstract: In this paper, we show how results of data collected on the survival tactics of day-labour workers with regard to the cost of using mobile phone services played a role in software systems design. The paper uses findings from Nairobi Kenya. The results showed that workers, depending on the choice of available network tariffs adopt different survival tactics which range from being personal to involving others. In conclusion, workers as mobile phone users adopt the different survival tactics depending on what the market provides. The competitiveness of the market dictates the options available. Lessons from this research were used in making software design decisions for the day-labour market. They can also be used, among other things, by Information and Communication Technology researchers who wish to intervene for the poor in society. Other uses include for policy formulation, especially those that touch on reducing the digital divide gap. Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9314 Author: Meiappane, A., Chithra, B. and Venkatesan, V. P. Year of Conference: 2012 Title: Identification and implementation of observer and state pattern in internet banking application Conference Name: 2012 International Conference on Radar, Communication and Computing (ICRCC) Pages: 202-205 Date: 21-22 Dec. 2012 Short Title: Identification and implementation of observer and state pattern in internet banking application DOI: 10.1109/ICRCC.2012.6450577 Keywords: Internet banking risk analysis software architecture Internet banking application SAAM observer risk identification software architecture analysis method software systems state pattern Architecture Computer architecture Educational institutions Observers Online banking POSA Abstract: In the field of the software systems. the software architecture plays a important role in which we can frame the architecture of our system. Using software architecture we describe the elements involved in the system, the properties of each element and also about relationships between the elements. After developing the architecture of our system it is very important to evaluate the architecture of that particular system in order to check whether it satisfies the requirements of the stakeholders. The purpose of evaluating the software architecture is to identify the potential risks and also to check whether the business goals and the requirements of the customers are satisfied. We can achieve several quality attributes like performance, maintainability, testability by evaluating the software architecture. There are lot of methods available to evaluate the software architecture but in this paper we are going to discuss about the evaluation method called SAAM (Software Architecture Analysis Method), in which in this method we are going to evaluate using scenarios. In this paper we are going to deal with the internet banking system, And also we discuss about how the SAAM evaluation method is applied to this internet banking system. Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8507 Author: Fuchs, J., Feldmann, S., Legat, C. and Vogel-Heuser, B. Year: 2014 Title: Identification of Design Patterns for IEC 61131-3 in Machine and Plant Manufacturing Journal: IFAC Proceedings Volumes Volume: 47 Issue: 3 Pages: 6092-6097 Date: // Short Title: Identification of Design Patterns for IEC 61131-3 in Machine and Plant Manufacturing ISSN: 1474-6670 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3182/20140824-6-ZA-1003.01595 Keywords: Programmable logic controllers Software metrics Machine code Pattern identification Programming approaches Abstract: Industrial plant software is implemented in the programming languages of IEC 61131-3. As plant software needs to perform many tasks, it is often highly complex and typically characterized by a monolithic structure. Whereas for high-level programming languages, commonly occurring problems are solved using design patterns, such general reusable solution alternatives are not yet available for IEC 61131-3. Thus, an approach for statically analysing the plant software and visualizing the software units' complexity and interconnectedness is proposed in this paper. Furthermore, basic software design patterns are introduced and, subsequently, their appearance within plant software is evaluated using industrial code and interviews with experts. By that, a first step towards providing design patterns for IEC 61131-3 is made. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1474667016425668 Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 8872 Author: Athanasopoulos, M. and Kontogiannis, K. Year of Conference: 2010 Title: Identification of REST-like Resources from Legacy Service Descriptions Conference Name: 2010 17th Working Conference on Reverse Engineering Pages: 215-219 Date: 13-16 Oct. 2010 Short Title: Identification of REST-like Resources from Legacy Service Descriptions ISBN: 1095-1350 DOI: 10.1109/WCRE.2010.31 Keywords: Web services software maintenance REST-like resources RESTful HTTP system URI legacy service description message-orientation remote procedure call representational state transfer service-oriented system uniform resource identifier Analytical models Asynchronous transfer mode Atmospheric modeling Containers Data models Unified modeling language Migration REST Service-Oriented Systems Software Architecture Abstract: Service-oriented systems mainly follow two principles for accessing data and invoking back end applications: Remote Procedure Calls and Message-Orientation. However, a number of researchers and practitioners have criticized these paradigms as too complex and rigid. Instead, Representational State Transfer (REST) architectural style has lately gained significant attention as an alternative means for accessing services and data. RESTful HTTP systems depend on Uniform Resource Identifiers (URIs) to uniquely identify and denote data and services as “resources”. In this paper, we discuss a technique to analyze the descriptions of legacy data and services in order first, to model their roles and relationships and second, to use the discovered dependencies for extracting Unique Resource Identifiers and the available HTTP methods, so that these legacy service elements and data can be accessed using lightweight requests. Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9122 Author: Dennis, E. H. and Mugisa, E. K. Year of Conference: 2004 Title: Identification of Static Structures of Reusable Software Architectures Conference Name: IEEE SoutheastCon, 2004. Proceedings. Pages: 208-214 Date: 26-29 March 2004 Short Title: Identification of Static Structures of Reusable Software Architectures DOI: 10.1109/SECON.2004.1287926 Keywords: Computer architecture Computer science Formal specifications Productivity Programming Software architecture Software quality Software reusability Software systems Unified modeling language Abstract: Reusable software architecture (RSA) is playing an integral role in Component-Based Software Development (CBSD). This should assist productivity and increase software quality. This work looks at the identification of the key factors that will assist with the development of an RSA. The work involves a formal specification of an RSA and its structures. Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9139 Author: Thurimella, A. K., Bruegge, B. and Creighton, O. Year of Conference: 2008 Title: Identifying and Exploiting the Similarities between Rationale Management and Variability Management Conference Name: 2008 12th International Software Product Line Conference Pages: 99-108 Date: 8-12 Sept. 2008 Short Title: Identifying and Exploiting the Similarities between Rationale Management and Variability Management DOI: 10.1109/SPLC.2008.14 Keywords: knowledge management product development software development management software reusability distributed stakeholders issue-based variability modeling product line organization rationale management requirements engineering variability management Collaboration Collaborative software Collaborative work Conference management Decision making Engineering management Globalization Investments Software design empirical software engineering Abstract: Modeling variability is a challenging issue in product line requirements engineering. Particular problems include, the instantiation of variations for individual products, the long-term evolution of the product line, and the support of collaboration between stakeholders. These problems are even more complicated when the product line organization is globally distributed. To address theses problems, this paper identifies four higher-level similarities between rationale management (which focus on knowledge management during software design) and variability management. Furthermore, exploiting the similarities, rationale management is combined with variability management to contribute issue-based variability modeling. Issue-based variability modeling was implemented and empirically evaluated based on a series of case studies with multi-case design. The results of the evaluation show that our approach improves the instantiation and evolution of variability, enables better informal collaboration between distributed stakeholders with different levels of modeling expertise and enhances the longevity of product lines. Notes: about decision management Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9252 Author: Rezaei, H., Ebersjö, F., Sandahl, K. and Staron, M. Year of Conference: 2014 Title: Identifying and Managing Complex Modules in Executable Software Design Models-Empirical Assessment of a Large Telecom Software Product Conference Name: 2014 Joint Conference of the International Workshop on Software Measurement and the International Conference on Software Process and Product Measurement Pages: 243-251 Date: 6-8 Oct. 2014 Short Title: Identifying and Managing Complex Modules in Executable Software Design Models-Empirical Assessment of a Large Telecom Software Product DOI: 10.1109/IWSM.Mensura.2014.27 Keywords: regression analysis software maintenance software metrics software reliability source code (software) Ericsson abstraction level code-based metrics code-based software engineering methods complex modules identification complex modules management complexity-prediction formulas executable code executable software design models large telecom software product model level metrics regression software development software maintainability software modules software units state charts statistical methods Adaptation models Complexity theory Conferences Measurement Predictive models Software Unified modeling language complexity maintainability modeling reliability Abstract: Using design models instead of executable code has shown itself to be an efficient way of increasing abstraction level of software development. However, applying established code-based software engineering methods to design models can be a challenge - due to different abstraction levels, the same metrics as for code are not applicable for the design models. One of practical challenges in using metrics at the model level is applying complexity-prediction formulas developed using code-based metrics to design models. The existing formulas do not apply as they do not take into consideration the behavior part of the models - e.g. State charts. In this paper we address this challenge by conducting a case study at one of the large telecom products at Ericsson with the goal to identify which metrics can predict complex, hard to understand and hard to maintain software modules based on their design models. We use both statistical methods like regression to build prediction formulas and qualitative interviews to codify expert designers' perception of which software modules are complex. The results of this case study show that such measures as the number of non-self-transitions, transition per states or state depth can be combined in order to identify software units that are perceived as complex by expert designers. Our conclusion is that these metrics can be used in other companies to predict complex modules, but the coefficients should be recalculated per product to increase the prediction accuracy. Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 7911 Author: Sherman, Sofia and Hadar, Irit Year: 2012 Title: Identifying the need for a sustainable architecture maintenance process Conference Name: Proceedings of the 5th International Workshop on Co-operative and Human Aspects of Software Engineering Conference Location: Zurich, Switzerland Publisher: IEEE Press Pages: 132-134 Place Published: 2663667 Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 8976 Author: Sherman, S. and Hadar, I. Year of Conference: 2012 Title: Identifying the need for a sustainable architecture maintenance process Conference Name: 2012 5th International Workshop on Co-operative and Human Aspects of Software Engineering (CHASE) Pages: 132-134 Date: 2-2 June 2012 Short Title: Identifying the need for a sustainable architecture maintenance process DOI: 10.1109/CHASE.2012.6223010 Keywords: software architecture software development management system documentation architectural documentation software development supporting tools sustainable architecture maintenance process well-defined process Architecture Computer architecture Documentation Maintenance engineering Software Variable speed drives maintenanc qualitative research Abstract: Documentation plays a significant role in software development in general and in software architecture in particular. In large and complex systems, many changes affecting architecture and architectural documentation occur. This derives the need for constant changes within architecture documents in order to keep them up to date. This research in-progress aims to understand the current state of architecture maintenance towards proposing a solution for improving this practice via a well-defined process and supporting tools. Notes: just documentation Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 8971 Year of Conference: 1994 Title: IEE Colloquium on `Knowledge-Based Systems for Safety Critical Applications' (Digest No.1994/109) Conference Name: IEE Colloquium on Knowledge-Based Systems for Safety Critical Applications Pages: 1 Date: 1994 Short Title: IEE Colloquium on `Knowledge-Based Systems for Safety Critical Applications' (Digest No.1994/109) Keywords: formal verification knowledge based systems safety software reliability advice systems expert systems health and safety knowledge base verification safety-critical aspects safety-critical software design Abstract: The following topics were dealt with: safety-critical aspects of expert systems; advice systems in health and safety areas; knowledge base verification; and safety-critical software design Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9332 Author: Aso, T., Mastushita, K., Nishio, T., Kabuki, S., Sasaki, T. and Benii, R. Year of Conference: 2016 Title: Imaging device functions in PTSIM for irradiation field reconstruction in particle therapy Conference Name: 2016 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium, Medical Imaging Conference and Room-Temperature Semiconductor Detector Workshop (NSS/MIC/RTSD) Pages: 1-3 Date: Oct. 29 2016-Nov. 6 2016 Short Title: Imaging device functions in PTSIM for irradiation field reconstruction in particle therapy DOI: 10.1109/NSSMIC.2016.8069421 Keywords: Monte Carlo methods computerised tomography dosimetry image reconstruction medical image processing positron emission tomography radiation therapy CT image Geant4 Monte Carlo simulation toolkit PET detectors PTSIM annihilation gamma rays detector signal flow dose delivery dose distributions hospital information system imaging device functions imaging devices imaging systems irradiation field monitoring irradiation field reconstruction material mapping nuclear interactions particle therapy system pencil beam scanning proton therapy radionuclide distributions reliable dose calculation tool software design treatment planning systems Crystals Detectors Imaging Medical treatment Radiation effects Reliability Abstract: PTSIM is a particle therapy system simulation framework based on Geant4 Monte Carlo simulation toolkit. It was originally developed as a reliable dose calculation tool to verify dose distributions inside patient and dose calculation algorithms in treatment planning systems. Besides such a reliable dose calculation, an irradiation field monitoring is desirable for delivering dose with more ideal distribution. It realizes a concept of a tailor-made proton therapy which performs a specially optimized treatment for each patient. The irradiation field monitoring is performed by reconstructing images by detecting prompt gamma rays and annihilation gamma rays from produced radionuclides by nuclear interactions. The PTSIM has an important role to identify the mutual relationship among dose and radionuclide distributions inside a patient, and reconstructed images from signals in imaging devices. We previously reported on the relevant extending functions in PTSIM such as a pencil beam scanning, a material mapping of CT images and a data output interface for a hospital information system, and proposed the software design for imaging systems. In this paper, we report on the development of imaging device functions in PTSIM according to the software design in the previous work. The implementation provides functional capabilities for a flexible scoring and a detector signal flow. Because of the modulated structure, these functions are handled by users through online commands. For example, a user can choose score quantities and specify a signal flow for emulating a detector response. These capabilities were demonstrated with a simple tubular detector for a flexible scoring function and a signal flow function in PET detectors, respectively. The simulated results show the correlation among dose, radionuclides, and coincide signals in PET detectors. Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9476 Author: Stevanetic, S., Javed, M. A. and Zdun, U. Year of Conference: 2015 Title: The Impact of Hierarchies on the Architecture-Level Software Understandability - A Controlled Experiment Conference Name: 2015 24th Australasian Software Engineering Conference Pages: 98-107 Date: Sept. 28 2015-Oct. 1 2015 Short Title: The Impact of Hierarchies on the Architecture-Level Software Understandability - A Controlled Experiment ISBN: 1530-0803 DOI: 10.1109/ASWEC.2015.21 Keywords: software architecture software quality source code (software) architecture-level software understandability large-size software system source code Business Computer architecture Context Software systems Unified modeling language controlled experiment hierarchies understandability Abstract: Architectural component models represent high level designs and are frequently used as a central view of architectural descriptions of software systems. They play a crucial role in the whole development process and in achieving the desired software qualities. This paper presents an empirical study that examines the impact of hierarchies on the architecture-level software understand ability. In particular we have studied three different architectural representations of a large-size software system, one with a hierarchical representation where architectural components at all abstraction levels in the hierarchy are shown, and two that do not contain hierarchical abstractions but concentrate only on the lowest level or on the highest level components in the hierarchy. We conducted a controlled experiment in which participants of three groups received one of the three architecture documentations plus the source code of the system and had to answer understand ability related questions. Our results show that using the hierarchical architecture leads to: 1) higher quantity of correctly retrieved elements, 2) lower quantity of incorrectly retrieved elements, and 3) higher overall quality of retrieved elements. The obtained results provide empirical evidence that hierarchies play an important role in the context of architectural component models from the viewpoint of the architecture-level software understandability. Notes: architecture structure, not about architects Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9303 Author: Heijstek, W. and Chaudron, M. R. V. Year of Conference: 2010 Title: The Impact of Model Driven Development on the Software Architecture Process Conference Name: 2010 36th EUROMICRO Conference on Software Engineering and Advanced Applications Pages: 333-341 Date: 1-3 Sept. 2010 Short Title: The Impact of Model Driven Development on the Software Architecture Process ISBN: 1089-6503 DOI: 10.1109/SEAA.2010.63 Keywords: software architecture specification languages code generator domain-specific language large-scale industrial software development project model driven development software architecture process Business DSL Interviews Lead Programming Software Unified modeling language Industrial Case Study Model Driven Development (MDD) Abstract: While Model-Driven Development (MDD) is an increasingly popular software development approach, its impact on the development process in large-scale, industrial practice is not yet clear. For this study the application of MDD in a large-scale industrial software development project is analyzed over a period of two years. Applying a grounded theory approach we identified 14 factors which impact the architectural process. We found that scope creep is more likely to occur, late changes can imply more extensive rework and that business engineers need to be more aware of the technical impact of their decisions. In addition, the introduced Domain-Specific Language (DSL) provides a new common idiom that can be used by more team members and will ease communication among team members and with clients. Also, modelers need to be much more explicit and complete in their descriptions. Parallel development of a code generator and defining a proper meta-model require additional time investments. Lastly, the more central role of software architecture design documentation requires more structured, detailed and complete architectural information and consequently, more frequent reviews. Notes: development process Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9118 Author: Hamilton, A. J. and Ruocco, A. S. Year of Conference: 1998 Title: Implementation issues for CS majors and nonmajors in a senior CS capstone sequence Conference Name: Frontiers in Education Conference, 1998. FIE '98. 28th Annual Volume: 3 Pages: 1012-1015 vol.3 Date: 4-7 Nov. 1998 Short Title: Implementation issues for CS majors and nonmajors in a senior CS capstone sequence ISBN: 0190-5848 DOI: 10.1109/FIE.1998.738546 Keywords: computer science education educational courses software engineering Engineer Thought Process United States Military Academy analytical models applied programming course computer science capstone project computer science engineering sequence empirical models five-course engineering sequence follow-on senior design sequence general educational goal programming environment programming language senior computer science capstone sequence software design principles software engineering aspects software system standard Academy curricular model system development Computer languages Computer science Design engineering Educational technology Prototypes Software design Software systems Uncertainty Abstract: The United States Military Academy prepares each and every one of its students for professional service as an Army officer. The general educational goal is to "enable its graduates to anticipate and to respond effectively to the uncertainties of a changing technological...world". It uses the "Engineer Thought Process" to help meet this general goal. Each student enrolled in the Academy selects a five-course engineering sequence. Students become familiar with analytical and empirical models representing components, systems or processes that are germane to the selected sequence. The final phase of the sequence is a capstone project in which the students must design and implement or prototype a solution to a real world technical problem. In order to comply with the standard Academy curricular model, we are moving to one computer science engineering sequence for not only CS majors, but also for our nonmajors taking the CS engineering sequence courses. The computer science capstone project requires students to build an extensive software system. This requires a breadth of knowledge in software design principles as well as sufficient depth in a particular programming language and environment. In this sense, students must be well trained in the use of the selected language. Yet, to serve its purpose as a viable system, students must also take into consideration the software engineering aspects of system development. This paper discusses the role of theory and application in both an applied programming course and the follow-on senior design sequence. Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9263 Author: Scalise, L., Pietroni, F., Casaccia, S., Revel, G. M., Monteriù, A., Prist, M., Longhi, S. and Pescosolido, L. Year of Conference: 2016 Title: Implementation of an “at-home” e-Health system using heterogeneous devices Conference Name: 2016 IEEE International Smart Cities Conference (ISC2) Pages: 1-4 Date: 12-15 Sept. 2016 Short Title: Implementation of an “at-home” e-Health system using heterogeneous devices DOI: 10.1109/ISC2.2016.7580865 Keywords: health care home automation medical computing software architecture at-home e-Health system health sensor network heterogeneous devices home automation devices Biomedical monitoring Computer architecture Heart rate Monitoring Temperature measurement Temperature sensors health status home monitoring sensors network wearable devices Abstract: Systems enabling long-term monitoring of physiological data and everyday activities has been the subject of considerable research efforts in the last years, in order to improve the quality of life of patients, elderly people and common citizens at home, out of the hospitalization. With the availability of inexpensive, low power, wireless and integrated devices, current smart homes are typically equipped with a large amount of sensors, which collaboratively process and make deductions from the acquired data on the state of the home, as well as the activities and behaviors of its residents. According to the field of application and the end-users involved (healthy people, elderly, people with disabilities), the definition of the parameters (e.g. heart rate, blood pressure, activity, body mass, etc.) and the appropriate sensors (electrocardiogram, sphygmomanometer, glucometer, etc.) for their acquisition assume a fundamental role. One of the goals of the Italian project Health@Home is to create a network of health sensors and home automation devices to monitor the user's status within the home environment. We present a candidate implementation of such a system, describing the software architecture and the selected components, and a testbed of the architecture, realized in a lab room and used for a preliminary experimental study involving seven users. Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8564 Author: Batley, Nicholas J., Osman, Hibah O., Kazzi, Amin A. and Musallam, Khaled M. Year: 2011 Title: Implementation of an Emergency Department Computer System: Design Features That Users Value Journal: The Journal of Emergency Medicine Volume: 41 Issue: 6 Pages: 693-700 Date: 12// Short Title: Implementation of an Emergency Department Computer System: Design Features That Users Value ISSN: 0736-4679 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jemermed.2010.05.014 Keywords: medical informatics software design emergency medicine hospital information systems computerized medical record system Abstract: Background Electronic medical records (EMRs) can potentially improve the efficiency and effectiveness of patient care, especially in the emergency department (ED) setting. Multiple barriers to implementation of EMR have been described. One important barrier is physician resistance. The “ED Dashboard” is an EMR developed in a busy tertiary care hospital ED. Its implementation was exceptionally smooth and successful. Study Objectives We set out to examine the design features used in the development of the system and assess which of these features played an important role in the successful implementation of the ED Dashboard. Methods An anonymous survey of users of the ED Dashboard was conducted in January and February 2009 to evaluate their perceptions of the degree of success of the implementation and the importance of the design features used in that success. Results were analyzed using SPSS software (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL). Results Of the 188 end-users approached, 175 (93%) completed the survey. Despite minimal training in the use of the system, 163 (93%) perceived the system as easy or extremely easy to use. Users agreed that the design features employed were important contributors to the system's success. Being alerted when new test results were ready, the use of “most common” lists, and the use of color were features that were considered valuable to users. Conclusion Success of a medical information system in a busy ED is, in part, dependent on careful attention to subtle details of system design. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0736467910003860 Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 8819 Author: Kang, S. Y. and Lee, Y. H. Year of Conference: 2014 Title: The Implementation of Geo-Cloud SaaS System for Supporting the Civil Engineering Design Using BRMS Open Software Conference Name: 2014 Fifth International Conference on Computing for Geospatial Research and Application Pages: 49-50 Date: 4-6 Aug. 2014 Short Title: The Implementation of Geo-Cloud SaaS System for Supporting the Civil Engineering Design Using BRMS Open Software DOI: 10.1109/COM.Geo.2014.24 Keywords: civil engineering computing cloud computing geographic information systems public domain software software architecture 3G telecommunication BRMS open software CEDP GIS LTE telecommunication OGC software technology business rule management system civil computational design civil construction area civil engineering design support SaaS cloud platform expert software system geo-cloud SaaS system geographic information system global position system technology private cloud system territory development plan Civil engineering Global Positioning System Planning Software as a service BRMS Geo-cloud SaaS Abstract: This project developed the civil computational design supporting platform and mobile application software which will be used in civil engineering area. This system was developed based on geographic information system (GIS), global position system technology, OGC software technology and expert software system. These kinds of software will be uploaded to private cloud system. This system, called CEDP (Civil Engineering Design support SaaS cloud Platform), can be used in the design phase of civil engineering where either a 3G or a LTE telecommunication are available. CEDP can identify the geographic position of the land, survey the position of land correctly and calculate the surveying result especially in civil construction area. Territory development plan of specific area will be surveyed and obtained by CEDP also. To implement the self design rule selection, BRMS (Business Rule Management System) is used. This software will be helpful to automate the numerous repetitive works when we design civil engineering products. In this paper, the software architecture of CEDP and its output examples are presented. Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8484 Author: Yanyou, Qin and Zhengwang, Ye Year: 2012 Title: Implementation of IrLAP Based on IrDA Journal: IERI Procedia Volume: 3 Pages: 226-231 Date: // Short Title: Implementation of IrLAP Based on IrDA ISSN: 2212-6678 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ieri.2012.09.037 Keywords: IrDA IrLAP NDM NRM discovery Abstract: Infrared wireless communication plays an important role in wireless communication as its unique characteristic. The Infrared Data Association (IrDA) is a nonprofit international organization whose goal is to develop adopted specifications especially suited for low cost, short range, cross-platform, and point-to-point infrared wireless communications at a wide range of speeds. These standards have been implemented on various computer platforms and more recently have become available for many embedded applications. In this paper, we present the framework of IrDA stack first, and then describe the operating framework of IR Link Access Protocol (IrLAP), including the frame standard and the running process. Finally discuss the software design method based-on this framework. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2212667812002468 Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9042 Author: Sung-Hyun, Kim, Byung-Chan, Kim, Rae-Hong, Park, Je Woo, Kim, Byeong Ho, Choi and Hyeok Koo, Jung Year of Conference: 2004 Title: Implementation of the 3-view MPEG-2 encoder/decoder using the FastImage 1300 board Conference Name: Proceedings of 2004 International Symposium on Intelligent Signal Processing and Communication Systems, 2004. ISPACS 2004. Pages: 384-389 Date: 18-19 Nov. 2004 Short Title: Implementation of the 3-view MPEG-2 encoder/decoder using the FastImage 1300 board DOI: 10.1109/ISPACS.2004.1439082 Keywords: digital signal processing chips motion estimation parallel architectures stereo image processing synchronisation video coding 3-view MPEG-2 encoder/decoder 32 bit DMA DSP board environment DSP operations TSSA Trimedia streaming software architecture direct memory access disparity estimation parallel processors real-time implementation semaphore stereoscopic views synchronization Decoding Digital signal processing Humans Image coding Layout Software algorithms Software architecture Transform coding Video compression Abstract: This paper presents an implementation of the 3-view moving picture experts group-2 (MPEG-2) encoder/decoder using the FastImage 1300 board with four Trimedia 1300 processors. First of all, we convert MPEG-2 algorithms into a Trimedia streaming software architecture (TSSA) for real-time implementation. For motion estimation, 32-bit DSP operations are used with two processors in parallel, with one processor performing encoding and decoding. To share data between processors for disparity estimation, we employ a semaphore (for synchronization), queue, and direct memory access (DMA). Experiments show that with the DSP board environment, the processing times of the implemented 3-view encoder and decoder are reduced by a factor of five and three, respectively, in comparison with the PC environment. Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9544 Author: Cheng, Q. and Yun, B. Year of Conference: 2014 Title: The Implementation Scheme of Distance Protection Based on Parameter Identification Conference Name: 2014 International Symposium on Computer, Consumer and Control Pages: 646-649 Date: 10-12 June 2014 Short Title: The Implementation Scheme of Distance Protection Based on Parameter Identification DOI: 10.1109/IS3C.2014.174 Keywords: hardware-software codesign power system protection complex power grid structure distance protection hardware design line protection parameter identification power grid scale software design Equations Hardware Integrated circuit modeling Mathematical model Parameter estimation Power systems Resistance Implementation scheme Abstract: With the development of the power grid scale and the complex power grid structure in our country, as a basic component of the line protection, the distance protection working performance has play a vital role in the safe and stable operation of the power system. Considering the characteristics of distance protection which demands the setting point accurately, fault location and only need to timely removal of the fault in the area. The ability of the existing distance protection resistances to the transition resistance is not high, to solve this problems, some scholars put forward the principle of distance protection based on parameter identification, it has greatly increased the ability of distance protection resistances to the transition resistance, but it has not yet been fully implemented in the practical production, This article mainly focuses on the implementation scheme of the distance protection based on parameter identification, and the hardware design and software design are discussed. The implementation of the distance protection based on parameter identification has an important significance in the future. Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 8078 Author: Synder, Charles Year: 1995 Title: Implementing a software architecture Conference Name: Proceedings of the conference on TRI-Ada '95: Ada's role in global markets: solutions for a changing complex world Conference Location: Anaheim, California, USA Publisher: ACM Pages: 299-305 DOI: 10.1145/376503.376598 Place Published: 376598 Notes: no abstract available Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 8124 Author: Chavarriaga, Jaime, Casallas, Rubby and Jonckers, Viviane Year: 2017 Title: Implementing operations to combine feature models: the conditional intersection case Conference Name: Proceedings of the 2nd International Workshop on Variability and Complexity in Software Design Conference Location: Buenos Aires, Argentina Publisher: IEEE Press Pages: 41-47 DOI: 10.1109/vace.2017.2 Place Published: 3106061 Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8475 Author: Gomes, Paulo, Seco, Nuno, Pereira, Francisco C., Paiva, Paulo, Carreiro, Paulo, Ferreira, José L. and Bento, Carlos Year: 2006 Title: The importance of retrieval in creative design analogies Journal: Knowledge-Based Systems Volume: 19 Issue: 7 Pages: 480-488 Date: 11// Short Title: The importance of retrieval in creative design analogies ISSN: 0950-7051 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.knosys.2006.04.006 Keywords: Creative design Analogy Case-based reasoning Software design Abstract: Analogy is an important reasoning process in creative design. It enables the generation of new design artifacts using ideas from semantically distant domains. Candidate selection is a crucial process in the generation of creative analogies. Without a good set of candidate sources, the success of subsequent phases can be compromised. Two main types of selection have been identified: semantics-based retrieval and structure-based retrieval. This paper presents an empirical study on the importance of the analogy retrieval strategy in the domain of software design. We argue that both types of selection are important, but they play different roles in the process. Notes: Tool build that is then empirical validated URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S095070510600061X 'File' Attachments: internal-pdf://1088938409/The importance of retrieval in creative design.pdf Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 8910 Author: Lindgren, M., Norstrom, C., Wall, A. and Land, R. Year of Conference: 2008 Title: Importance of Software Architecture during Release Planning Conference Name: Seventh Working IEEE/IFIP Conference on Software Architecture (WICSA 2008) Pages: 253-256 Date: 18-21 Feb. 2008 Short Title: Importance of Software Architecture during Release Planning DOI: 10.1109/WICSA.2008.10 Keywords: software architecture decision making release planning Companies Computer industry Computer science Costs Force measurement Process planning Product development Proposals Time to market role of the software architect Abstract: Release planning is the process of deciding what to include in future release(s) of a product. In this paper we look at how software architects are involved during release planning in industry today, and how architectural issues are considered during this phase. 'File' Atttachments: internal-pdf://0388462590/Importance of Software Architecture during Rel.pdf Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8637 Author: Hertzum, Morten Year: 2002 Title: The importance of trust in software engineers' assessment and choice of information sources Journal: Information and Organization Volume: 12 Issue: 1 Pages: 1-18 Date: 1// Short Title: The importance of trust in software engineers' assessment and choice of information sources ISSN: 1471-7727 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S1471-7727(01)00007-0 Keywords: Trust Information seeking Communication by engineers Information sources Abstract: Engineers such as systems developers get most of their information from colleagues and internal reports. In the literature on engineers' information-seeking practices the generally agreed-upon explanation of this preference for close-by, internal information sources is that engineers follow a principle of least effort by choosing their information sources on the basis of ease of access rather than quality of contents. This study argues that engineers' preference for internal sources such as their colleagues is just as much a preference for sources with a known or easily determinable trustworthiness as it is a preference for information that is easily accessible. Trust is of central importance because quality is a perceived property and, thus, assessing the quality of an information source is essentially a matter of establishing to what extent one is willing to place trust in it. This can be done with greater ease and precision for familiar sources. A field study of the meetings in a software design project shows that in discussing and selecting information sources the software engineers devote significantly more attention to quality-related factors than to cost-related factors. It is also normal conversational practice at the meetings to accompany the mentioning of information sources that may be unknown to some project participants by information that puts them in context. Systems for managing knowledge and sharing expertise must recognise these rich means of forming a perception of the credibility of individual pieces of information. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1471772701000070 Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 8853 Author: Naseem, R., Maqbool, O. and Muhammad, S. Year of Conference: 2011 Title: Improved Similarity Measures for Software Clustering Conference Name: 2011 15th European Conference on Software Maintenance and Reengineering Pages: 45-54 Date: 1-4 March 2011 Short Title: Improved Similarity Measures for Software Clustering ISBN: 1534-5351 DOI: 10.1109/CSMR.2011.9 Keywords: pattern clustering software architecture software maintenance Jaccard-NM measure Rao measure Russell measure Unbiased Ellenberg-NM measure improved similarity measures nonbinary features software architecture recovery system software clustering algorithm Clustering algorithms Couplings Loss measurement Software algorithms Software measurement Software systems Jaccard Measure Russell & Rao Measure Software Clustering Abstract: Software clustering is a useful technique to recover architecture of a software system. The results of clustering depend upon choice of entities, features, similarity measures and clustering algorithms. Different similarity measures have been used for determining similarity between entities during the clustering process. In software architecture recovery domain the Jaccard and the Unbiased Ellenberg measures have shown better results than other measures for binary and non-binary features respectively. In this paper we analyze the Russell and Rao measure for binary features to show the conditions under which its performance is expected to be better than that of Jaccard. We also show how our proposed Jaccard-NM measure is suitable for software clustering and propose its counterpart for non-binary features. Experimental results indicate that our proposed Jaccard-NM measure and Russell & Rao measure perform better than Jaccard measure for binary features, while for non-binary features, the proposed Unbiased Ellenberg-NM measure produces results which are closer to the decomposition prepared by experts. Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 8807 Author: McCollum, B., Purnell, V., Corr, P. H. and Milligan, P. Year of Conference: 1998 Title: The improvement of a software design methodology by encapsulating knowledge from code Conference Name: Proceedings. 24th EUROMICRO Conference (Cat. No.98EX204) Volume: 2 Pages: 913-918 vol.2 Date: 25-27 Aug 1998 Short Title: The improvement of a software design methodology by encapsulating knowledge from code ISBN: 1089-6503 DOI: 10.1109/EURMIC.1998.708121 Keywords: expert systems knowledge acquisition neural nets programming environments software maintenance systems re-engineering KATT development environment dusty-deck systems knowledge encapsulation legacy codes neural networks reengineering restructuring knowledge sequential architectures sequential codes software design methodology software engineering methodologies Costs Data analysis Java Modems Multiprocessing systems Software design Software engineering Workstations Abstract: While numerous software engineering methodologies exist, are well documented, and are widely used, e.g. JSD, SSADM, etc., it can be argued that none cater for the specific problems associated with reengineering legacy, or dusty-deck systems. This paper reports on a development environment, KATT, that enshrines a methodology which enables the development of new codes or the reengineering of existing legacy codes. The system is designed to enable sequential codes to be translated for execution on either parallel or sequential architectures, e.g. moving Fortran 77 to a workstation cluster or translating Cobol to Java. The approach involves the encapsulation and application of restructuring knowledge via the use of expert systems and neural networks Notes: tool Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9293 Author: Gopalakrishnan, A. Year of Conference: 2015 Title: Improving decision making and reuse in software systems using Domain Specific reference Architectures Conference Name: 2015 IEEE International Conference on Electronics, Computing and Communication Technologies (CONECCT) Pages: 1-6 Date: 10-11 July 2015 Short Title: Improving decision making and reuse in software systems using Domain Specific reference Architectures DOI: 10.1109/CONECCT.2015.7383933 Keywords: decision making decision trees program diagnostics software architecture software reusability abstraction structures architecture patterns domain specific reference architectures intraorganizational reuse program code software architects software design software engineering software system reusability technical decision making Business Computer architecture Microgrids Performance evaluation Software Design Patterns Domain Specific Software Architecture Technical Decisions Abstract: Software Engineering has evolved over many years but stays human centric as it relies significantly on the technical decisions made by humans. Modeling the problem statement and arriving at the architecture and design revolves in the minds of software architects and designers. Many of the decisions stays in architect's minds and are only present in the models. The abstraction structures in software design are deeper than in other disciplines, since the final design is program code. This distinction leads to software architecture and design a highly interwoven process. The early design decisions are otherwise termed architectural decisions which compose software architecture. The architectural decisions are at an intermediate abstraction level with higher probability of reuse, but still not effectively reused even within the same organization. The most effective cases of reuse in software is with architecture patterns and design patterns. The paper points to the fact that patterns are successfully reused due to the quality of the descriptions which include problem, solution pair and supporting example. The paper focuses on intra-organizational reuse, based on Domain Specific Software Architectures and the descriptions containing domain model, decision trees, architectural schema and rationale. It further tries to analyze three different use cases in the light of these elements and analyze if major hindrance of reuse is `Rationale of decisions not well understood' than the commonly stated `Not Invented here', supported with a survey of software engineers. Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8324 Author: Yu, Liguo and Ramaswamy, Srini Year: 2008 Title: Improving modularity by refactoring code clones: a feasibility study on Linux Journal: SIGSOFT Softw. Eng. Notes Volume: 33 Issue: 2 Pages: 1-5 Short Title: Improving modularity by refactoring code clones: a feasibility study on Linux ISSN: 0163-5948 DOI: 10.1145/1350802.1350816 Legal Note: 1350816 Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 7858 Author: Groenda, Henning Year: 2012 Title: Improving performance predictions by accounting for the accuracy of composed performance models Conference Name: Proceedings of the 8th international ACM SIGSOFT conference on Quality of Software Architectures Conference Location: Bertinoro, Italy Publisher: ACM Pages: 111-116 DOI: 10.1145/2304696.2304715 Place Published: 2304715 Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9479 Author: Furda, A., Bouraoui, L., Parent, M. and Vlacic, L. Year of Conference: 2010 Title: Improving Safety for Driverless City Vehicles: Real-Time Communication and Decision Making Conference Name: 2010 IEEE 71st Vehicular Technology Conference Pages: 1-5 Date: 16-19 May 2010 Short Title: Improving Safety for Driverless City Vehicles: Real-Time Communication and Decision Making ISBN: 1550-2252 DOI: 10.1109/VETECS.2010.5494179 Keywords: automated highways decision making radio networks real-time systems road safety road vehicles software architecture cybercars-2 wireless communication framework driverless city vehicles on-road tests real-time communication real-time decision making vehicle control software architecture vehicle safety vehicle-to-infrastructure communication vehicle-to-vehicle Application software Cities and towns Communication system control Testing Vehicle driving Vehicles Wireless communication Abstract: This paper elaborates on the Cybercars-2 Wireless Communication Framework for driverless city vehicles, which is used for Vehicle-to-Vehicle and Vehicle-to-Infrastructure communication. The developed framework improves the safety and efficiency of driverless city vehicles. Furthermore, this paper also elaborates on the vehicle control software architecture. On-road tests of both the communication framework and its application for real-time decision making show that the communication framework is reliable and useful for improving the safe operation of driverless city vehicles. Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9151 Author: Dahiya, D. and Batra, U. Year of Conference: 2009 Title: Improving Software Design Using Aspects in Distributed Computing Conference Name: 2009 Fifth International Joint Conference on INC, IMS and IDC Pages: 882-887 Date: 25-27 Aug. 2009 Short Title: Improving Software Design Using Aspects in Distributed Computing DOI: 10.1109/NCM.2009.33 Keywords: distributed programming middleware object-oriented programming software engineering AspectJ extensions aspect oriented programming distributed computing environment distributed middleware framework distributed systems programming revolutionary programming paradigm software design improvement Design optimization Distributed computing Genetic programming Java Object oriented programming Process design Software design Software maintenance Unified modeling language AspectJ Crosscutting Concerns Distributed Systems UML Abstract: This paper discusses how Aspect Oriented Programming (AOP) plays an important role in distributed computing by examining the AspectJ extensions for a distributed computing environment that is proposed within this work. The evolution of a revolutionary programming paradigm that promises to have a profound effect on the way we interact with computers, people and places is now a days well known as Aspect Oriented Programming. Distributed middleware are difficult to build and implement because the distributed frameworks impose a large code overhead due to the specific distributed systems programming conventions. Further, this paper discusses the impact of AOP on the distributed computing environment and hence its role in code optimization via network processing in the design of a distributed middleware framework. Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8755 Author: Guana, Victor and Correal, Dario Year: 2013 Title: Improving software product line configuration: A quality attribute-driven approach Journal: Information and Software Technology Volume: 55 Issue: 3 Pages: 541-562 Date: 3// Short Title: Improving software product line configuration: A quality attribute-driven approach ISSN: 0950-5849 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.infsof.2012.09.007 Keywords: Software architecture Model driven – software product lines Variability management Quality evaluation Sensitivity points Domain specific modeling Abstract: Context During the definition of software product lines (SPLs) it is necessary to choose the components that appropriately fulfil a product’s intended functionalities, including its quality requirements (i.e., security, performance, scalability). The selection of the appropriate set of assets from many possible combinations is usually done manually, turning this process into a complex, time-consuming, and error-prone task. Objective Our main objective is to determine whether, with the use of modeling tools, we can simplify and automate the definition process of a SPL, improving the selection process of reusable assets. Method We developed a model-driven strategy based on the identification of critical points (sensitivity points) inside the SPL architecture. This strategy automatically selects the components that appropriately match the product’s functional and quality requirements. We validated our approach experimenting with different real configuration and derivation scenarios in a mobile healthcare SPL where we have worked during the last three years. Results Through our SPL experiment, we established that our approach improved in nearly 98% the selection of reusable assets when compared with the unassisted analysis selection. However, using our approach there is an increment in the time required for the configuration corresponding to the learning curve of the proposed tools. Conclusion We can conclude that our domain-specific modeling approach significantly improves the software architect’s decision making when selecting the most suitable combinations of reusable components in the context of a SPL. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0950584912002017 Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9458 Author: Zhao, X., Khomh, F. and Zou, Y. Year of Conference: 2011 Title: Improving the Modifiability of the Architecture of Business Applications Conference Name: 2011 11th International Conference on Quality Software Pages: 176-185 Date: 13-14 July 2011 Short Title: Improving the Modifiability of the Architecture of Business Applications ISBN: 1550-6002 DOI: 10.1109/QSIC.2011.36 Keywords: business data processing software architecture software metrics software quality business application architecture model transformation rules modifiability improvement product metrics quality improvement process software architecture design Business Computer architecture Connectors Couplings Measurement Software Modifiability Quality evaluation Software metric Abstract: In the current rapidly changing business environment, organizations must keep on changing their business applications to maintain their competitive edges. Therefore, the modifiability of a business application is critical to the success of organizations. Software architecture plays an important role in ensuring a desired modifiability of business applications. However, few approaches exist to automatically assess and improve the modifiability of software architectures. Generally speaking, existing approaches rely on software architects to design software architecture based on their experience and knowledge. In this paper, we build on our prior work on automatic generation of software architectures from business processes and propose a collection of model transformation rules to automatically improve the modifiability of software architectures. We extend a set of existing product metrics to assess the modifiability impact of the proposed model transformation rules and guide the quality improvement process. Eventually, we can generate software architecture with desired modifiability from business processes. We conduct a case study to illustrate the effectiveness of our transformation rules. Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8655 Author: Sigrimis, N., Rerras, N. and Anastasiou, A. Year: 1998 Title: In Field Optimizing Tools for the Management and Control of Greenhouses Journal: IFAC Proceedings Volumes Volume: 31 Issue: 9 Pages: 67-72 Date: 6// Short Title: In Field Optimizing Tools for the Management and Control of Greenhouses ISSN: 1474-6670 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S1474-6670(17)44030-4 Keywords: Control loops Computer control Knowledge based control Abstract: The development of a modern Control and Management system for greenhouses used recent advances in software design and development tools to provide a "no programming needed OPEN system". This system, MACQU, provides a vehicle through which all research achievements can be easily implemented in the field. To effectively integrate expert system applications in a greenhouse management system, an environment was built that supports all the interfaces between AI applications and the GMS. This environment has a native fuzzy KBS system and a number of procedural control functions that can effectively interact. The development of an open KBS, in the form of tasks and subtasks, provides an elegant way of rapid program development. New rules can be added at any given time and new control scenaria may be implemented by adding new tasks. Fuzzy decisions and fuzzy controllers at the supervisory level, provide adaptive reference generators, which is a real key element in optimal greenhouse control. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1474667017440304 Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8529 Author: McDermid, J. A. Year: 1991 Title: In praise of architects Journal: Information and Software Technology Volume: 33 Issue: 8 Pages: 566-574 Date: 10// Short Title: In praise of architects ISSN: 0950-5849 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0950-5849(91)90115-R Keywords: software crisis software design software system architecture requirements analysis Abstract: There are many documented cases of unsuccessful software development projects and it is possible to identify a number of key technical and managerial difficulties that underlie the problems of many projects. It is argued that software development could gain by adopting and adapting some principles from the building profession — especially giving more prominence, and a more pivotal role in development, to the software system architecture. The nature of a software architecture (specification) and some of the issues in developing architectures are discussed. A number of conclusions is drawn, including a consideration of the commercial implications of the establishment of ‘software architects’ practices. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/095058499190115R Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 8169 Author: Boer, Remco C. de and Farenhorst, Rik Year: 2008 Title: In search of `architectural knowledge' Conference Name: Proceedings of the 3rd international workshop on Sharing and reusing architectural knowledge Conference Location: Leipzig, Germany Publisher: ACM Pages: 71-78 DOI: 10.1145/1370062.1370080 Place Published: 1370080 Abstract: The software architecture community puts more and more emphasis on 'architectural knowledge'. However, there appears to be no commonly accepted definition of what architectural knowledge entails, which makes it a fuzzy concept. In order to obtain a better understanding of how different authors view 'architectural knowledge', we have conducted a systematic review to examine how architectural knowledge is defined and how the different definitions in use are related. From this review it became clear that many authors do not provide a concrete definition of what they think architectural knowledge entails. What is more intriguing, though, is that those who do give a definition seem to agree that architectural knowledge spans from problem domain through decision making to solution; an agreement that is not obvious from the definitions themselves, but which is only brought to light after careful systematic comparison of the different studies. Notes: literature review Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 8013 Author: Gonz, Carina S., #225, lez, Toledo, Pedro, Mu, Vanesa, #241, oz, Mar, #237, Noda, a A., Bruno, Alicia and Moreno, Lorenzo Year: 2013 Title: Inclusive educational software design with agile approach Conference Name: Proceedings of the First International Conference on Technological Ecosystem for Enhancing Multiculturality Conference Location: Salamanca, Spain Publisher: ACM Pages: 149-155 DOI: 10.1145/2536536.2536559 Place Published: 2536559 Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8630 Author: Pratt, Wanda, Reddy, Madhu C., McDonald, David W., Tarczy-Hornoch, Peter and Gennari, John H. Year: 2004 Title: Incorporating ideas from computer-supported cooperative work Journal: Journal of Biomedical Informatics Volume: 37 Issue: 2 Pages: 128-137 Date: 4// Short Title: Incorporating ideas from computer-supported cooperative work ISSN: 1532-0464 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbi.2004.04.001 Keywords: Software design Collaborative work Technology assessment Biomedical User-computer interface cooperative behavior Social environment Abstract: Many information systems have failed when deployed into complex health-care settings. We believe that one cause of these failures is the difficulty in systematically accounting for the collaborative and exception-filled nature of medical work. In this methodological review paper, we highlight research from the field of computer-supported cooperative work (CSCW) that could help biomedical informaticists recognize and design around the kinds of challenges that lead to unanticipated breakdowns and eventual abandonment of their systems. The field of CSCW studies how people collaborate with each other and the role that technology plays in this collaboration for a wide variety of organizational settings. Thus, biomedical informaticists could benefit from the lessons learned by CSCW researchers. In this paper, we provide a focused review of CSCW methods and ideas—we review aspects of the field that could be applied to improve the design and deployment of medical information systems. To make our discussion concrete, we use electronic medical record systems as an example medical information system, and present three specific principles from CSCW: accounting for incentive structures, understanding workflow, and incorporating awareness. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1532046404000346 Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9005 Author: Allen, D. M. Year of Conference: 1994 Title: Incorporating user requirements into object-oriented application development Conference Name: AIAA/IEEE Digital Avionics Systems Conference. 13th DASC Pages: 322-327 Date: 30 Oct-3 Nov 1994 Short Title: Incorporating user requirements into object-oriented application development DOI: 10.1109/DASC.1994.369462 Keywords: graphical user interfaces object-oriented methods software development management object-oriented application development object-oriented software design user interface designer user requirements Application software Explosions Human factors Ignition Object oriented modeling Object oriented programming Switches User interfaces Writing Abstract: The advent and growing popularity of object-oriented software design and development technologies present the user interface designer with new tools and new challenges. The use of Object-Oriented Technology (GOT) enhances the user interface designer's ability to design graphical user interfaces while dramatically changing the role of the designer as a member of the software development team. Object-Oriented Technology attempts to map real-world problem domains into software both at the system and the user interface level. The user interface designer, as user advocate and problem domain analyst, is faced with the task of developing a user interface that can be extended to incorporate new functionality, without major interface redesign while taking on an expanded role as a member of the development team This paper discusses a software application design methodology that incorporates the analysis techniques of OOT into a method for collecting, formalizing, and embedding user requirements into software design Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8494 Author: Achsan, Harry T. Yani and Barcah, Quintin K. D. Year: 2015 Title: Indonesia Coal Trade System: A Knowledge-based Application Software Journal: Procedia Engineering Volume: 100 Pages: 622-629 Date: // Short Title: Indonesia Coal Trade System: A Knowledge-based Application Software ISSN: 1877-7058 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2015.01.413 Keywords: information system workflow knowledge based system coal trade indonesia Abstract: Performing coal trading in Indonesia is not simple. Many new comers in coal industry have been fallen down for many reasons. Some coal player collapse by fraudulent and some other fallen down by lack of knowledge in coal trading. To overcome this situation, a solution has proposed. The solution is by developing a web based application software for coal trading named Indonesia Coal Trade System (ICTS). The method in Software Development Life Cycle of ICTS is Joint Application Design by using prototyping. The software designed using UML and its CASE tools. It is smartphone friendly to support field engineers while in duty, and it will utilize phone's GPS and camera to collect important data. ICTS is an application that is not only data recording and processing of coal trading, but it also a workflow application developed by experts in coal trading. They transfer their tacit knowledge into software to guide users in coal trading in Indonesia. ICTS will reduce the chance of coal traders from fraudulent and it can lead companies to legal transactions. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1877705815004403 Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8593 Author: Woods, Eoin Year: 2012 Title: Industrial architectural assessment using TARA Journal: Journal of Systems and Software Volume: 85 Issue: 9 Pages: 2034-2047 Date: 9// Short Title: Industrial architectural assessment using TARA ISSN: 0164-1212 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jss.2012.04.055 Keywords: Software architecture Software architecture assessment Case study Expert-judgement Abstract: Scenario based architectural assessment is a well-established approach for assessing architectural designs. However scenario-based methods are not always usable in an industrial context, where in our experience, they can be perceived as complicated and expensive to use. In this paper we explore why this may be the case and define a simpler technique called TARA, which has been designed for use in situations where scenario based methods are unlikely to be successful. The method is illustrated through an experience report that explains how it was applied to the assessment of two quantitative financial analysis systems, and its strengths, weaknesses and relationship to other methods are briefly discussed. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0164121212001264 Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 7738 Author: Manteuffel, C., Tofan, D., Koziolek, H., Goldschmidt, T. and Avgeriou, P. Year of Conference: 2014 Title: Industrial Implementation of a Documentation Framework for Architectural Decisions Conference Name: 2014 IEEE/IFIP Conference on Software Architecture Pages: 225-234 Date: 7-11 April 2014 Short Title: Industrial Implementation of a Documentation Framework for Architectural Decisions DOI: 10.1109/WICSA.2014.32 Keywords: decision making document handling software architecture architectural decisions architecture capturing architecture decision documentation decision documentation tool decision sharing feature documentation framework enterprise architect exploratory case study reporting feature viewpoint-based decision documentation framework Computer architecture Concrete Context Documentation Interviews Software Unified modeling language architectural viewpoints architecture decisions industrial case study tool-support Abstract: Architecture decisions are often not explicitly documented in practice but reside in the architect's mind as tacit knowledge, even though explicit capturing and documentation of architecture decisions has been associated with a multitude of benefits. As part of a research collaboration with ABB, we developed a tool to document architecture decisions. This tool is an add-in for Enterprise Architect and is an implementation of a viewpoint-based decision documentation framework. To validate the add-in, we conducted an exploratory case study with ABB architects. In the study, we assessed the status quo of architecture decision documentation, identified architects' expectations of the ideal decision documentation tool, and evaluated the new add-in. We found that although awareness of decision documentation is increasing at ABB, several barriers exist that limit the use of decisions in practice. Regarding their ideal tool, architects want a descriptive and efficient approach. Supplemental features like reporting or decision sharing are requested. The new add-in, was well-perceived by the architects. As a result of the study, we propose a clearer separation of problem, outcomes, and alternatives for the decision documentation framework. Notes: implementation of a tool Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8598 Author: Svahnberg, Mikael Year: 2004 Title: An industrial study on building consensus around software architectures and quality attributes Journal: Information and Software Technology Volume: 46 Issue: 12 Pages: 805-818 Date: 9/15/ Short Title: An industrial study on building consensus around software architectures and quality attributes ISSN: 0950-5849 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.infsof.2004.02.001 Keywords: Architecture candidates Architecture tradeoff analysis method Framework for architecture structure Abstract: When creating an architecture for a software system it is important to consider many aspects and different sides of these aspects at an early stage, lest they are misunderstood and cause problems at later stages during development. In this paper, we report from an industry study to understand and select between different architecture candidates. The company uses a method that focuses discussions of architecture candidates to where there are disagreements between the participating domain experts. The results indicate that the used method pinpoints for the company where further investigations are necessary and that the decision concerning which architecture to use is taken with more confidence as a result of the focused discussions. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0950584904000266 'File' Attachments: internal-pdf://1864746796/An industrial study on building consensus arou.pdf Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9013 Author: Lavoie, T., Khomh, F., Merlo, E. and Zou, Y. Year of Conference: 2012 Title: Inferring Repository File Structure Modifications Using Nearest-Neighbor Clone Detection Conference Name: 2012 19th Working Conference on Reverse Engineering Pages: 325-334 Date: 15-18 Oct. 2012 Short Title: Inferring Repository File Structure Modifications Using Nearest-Neighbor Clone Detection ISBN: 1095-1350 DOI: 10.1109/WCRE.2012.42 Keywords: file organisation software maintenance systems re-engineering Adempiere SVN information JHotDraw Manhattan distance SVN repository Tomcat implicit Moves legacy software systems legacy systems re-engineering nearest-neighbor clone detection repository file structure modification inference revision history software design software experts Cloning History Measurement Reliability Software systems Vectors Legacy systems Nearest-Neighbor Software clones Software evolution Software repository Software similarity Abstract: During the re-engineering of legacy software systems, a good knowledge of the history of past modifications on the system is important to recover the design of the system and transfer its functionalities. In the absence of a reliable revision history, development teams often rely on system experts to identify hidden history and recover software design. In this paper, we propose a new technique to infer the history of repository file modifications of a software system using only past released versions of the system. The proposed technique relies on nearest-neighbor clone detection using the Manhattan distance. We performed an empirical evaluation of the technique using Tomcat, JHotDraw and Adempiere SVN information as our oracle of file operations, and obtained an average precision of 97% and an average recall of 98%. Our evaluation also highlighted the phenomena of implicit Moves, which are, Moves between a system's versions, that are not recorded in the SVN repository. In the absence of revision history and software experts, development teams can make use of the proposed technique during the re-engineering of their legacy systems. Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 9079 Author: Rich, C. and Shrobe, H. E. Year: 1978 Title: Initial Report on a Lisp Programmer's Apprentice Journal: IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering Volume: SE-4 Issue: 6 Pages: 456-467 Short Title: Initial Report on a Lisp Programmer's Apprentice ISSN: 0098-5589 DOI: 10.1109/TSE.1978.233869 Keywords: Computer-aided design Lisp data abstraction perturbation analysis procedural abstraction program verification programmer's apprentice programming methodology side effects software design software development software engineering Artificial intelligence Assembly systems Automatic programming Hardware Power engineering computing Program processors Programming environments Programming profession Abstract: This paper reports on the initial design and partial implementation of an interactive programming environment to be used by expert programmers. The system is based on three forms of program description: 1) definition of structured data objects, their parts, properties, and relations between them, 2) input–output specification of the behavior of program segments, and 3) a hierarchical representation of the internal structure of programs (plans). The plan representation is of major theoretical interest because it includes not only data flow and control flow relationships between subsegments of a program, but also goal-subgoal, prerequisite, and other logical dependencies between the specifications of the subsegments. Plans are utilized both for describing particular programs and in the compilation of a knowledge base of more abstract knowledge about programming, such as the concept of a loop and various specializations, such as enumeration loops and search loops. We also describe a deductive system which can verify the correctness of plans involving side effects on complex data with structure sharing. Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 8275 Author: Wahba, Sally K., Hallstrom, Jason O. and Soundarajan, Neelam Year: 2010 Title: Initiating a design pattern catalog for embedded network systems Conference Name: Proceedings of the tenth ACM international conference on Embedded software Conference Location: Scottsdale, Arizona, USA Publisher: ACM Pages: 249-258 DOI: 10.1145/1879021.1879054 Place Published: 1879054 Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 7887 Author: Petre, Marian Year: 2009 Title: Insights from expert software design practice Conference Name: Proceedings of the the 7th joint meeting of the European software engineering conference and the ACM SIGSOFT symposium on The foundations of software engineering Conference Location: Amsterdam, The Netherlands Publisher: ACM Pages: 233-242 DOI: 10.1145/1595696.1595731 Place Published: 1595731 Abstract: Software is a designed artifact. In other design disciplines, such as architecture, there is a well-established tradition of design studies which inform not only the discipline itself but also tool design, processes, and collaborative work. The 'challenge' of this paper is to consider software from such a 'design studies' perspective. This paper will present a series of observations from empirical studies of expert software designers, and will draw on examples from actual professional practice. It will consider what experts' mental imagery, software visualisations, and sketches suggest about software design thinking. It will also discuss some of the deliberate practices experts use to promote innovation. Finally, it will open discussion on the tensions between observed software design practices and received methodology in software engineering. Notes: Talk - not research 'File' Attachments: internal-pdf://3034364825/Insights from expert software design practice.pdf Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9117 Author: Zilli, M., Raschke, W., Weiss, R., Loinig, J. and Steger, C. Year of Conference: 2014 Title: Instruction Folding Compression for Java Card Runtime Environment Conference Name: 2014 17th Euromicro Conference on Digital System Design Pages: 228-235 Date: 27-29 Aug. 2014 Short Title: Instruction Folding Compression for Java Card Runtime Environment DOI: 10.1109/DSD.2014.32 Keywords: Java data compression embedded systems read-only storage smart cards software architecture Java card runtime environment Java card software architecture ROM execution time ROM size acceleration mechanisms dictionary compression system instruction folding compression low-end embedded systems secure Java running environment software complexity Dictionaries Indexes Random access memory Read only memory Virtual machining Java Card Smart card compression instructions folding Abstract: Java Card is a secure Java running environment targeted for smart cards. In such low-end embedded systems, ROM size and execution time play very important, usually opposing roles. Dictionary compression can be applied to the Java Card software architecture, but pays for the reduced ROM size of the applications with a higher execution time. On the other hand, acceleration mechanisms to speed up the execution need additional information or additional software complexity, with the effect of increasing ROM size. In this paper, we propose a dictionary compression system based on an instruction folding mechanism that permits a reduction in the ROM size of Java Card applications, and at the same time, a speed-up of their execution. Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9354 Author: Bryson, R. A. Year of Conference: 1989 Title: Integrated CNI terminal software architecture Conference Name: Proceedings of the IEEE National Aerospace and Electronics Conference Pages: 1713-1721 vol.4 Date: 22-26 May 1989 Short Title: Integrated CNI terminal software architecture DOI: 10.1109/NAECON.1989.40446 Keywords: aircraft instrumentation software engineering Pave Pillar preferred system architecture efficient dynamic reconfiguration features hierarchically distributed design infusion of expert-system technology integrated avionic systems integrated built-in test integrated communication-navigation-identification line-replaceable modules maintenance segment next generation of avionics resource management terminal software architecture Aerospace electronics Aircraft navigation Built-in self-test Computer architecture Optical receivers Signal processing Signal processing algorithms Software architecture Yarn Abstract: The author describes the current architecture and features of the integrated communication-navigation-identification (CNI) family of the integrated avionic systems and how they apply to the Pave Pillar preferred system architecture for the next generation of avionics. The key features are a hierarchically distributed design from the avionics authority (pilot, mission tape/disk, or mission data computer) down through the CNI subsystem and into the line-replaceable modules, infusion of expert-system technology into the integrated built-in test and maintenance segment, and an integration of the resource management and integrated built-in test and maintenance segments at each level of the hierarchy to effect efficient dynamic reconfiguration of the common modules of these systems Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8740 Author: Jelassi, M. Tawfik and Beauclair, Renée A. Year: 1987 Title: An integrated framework for group decision support systems design Journal: Information & Management Volume: 13 Issue: 3 Pages: 143-153 Date: 10// Short Title: An integrated framework for group decision support systems design ISSN: 0378-7206 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0378-7206(87)90022-X Keywords: Group decision making Group decision support systems Behavioral issues System development Software design Abstract: Proposed approaches for the development of Group Decision Support Systems (gdss) address behavioral and technical aspects of these systems. However, these approaches generally address only one of these aspects at a time. This paper reviews these approaches and suggests a framework for developing gdss based on an integrated perspective. This proposed framework is comprehensive and integrative as it combines the behavioral characteristics of group decision making with the technical specifications that drive gdss. Software design and future research issues are discussed. Notes: tool development URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/037872068790022X Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 8982 Author: Beckers, K., Faßbender, S. and Schmidt, H. Year of Conference: 2012 Title: An Integrated Method for Pattern-Based Elicitation of Legal Requirements Applied to a Cloud Computing Example Conference Name: 2012 Seventh International Conference on Availability, Reliability and Security Pages: 463-472 Date: 20-24 Aug. 2012 Short Title: An Integrated Method for Pattern-Based Elicitation of Legal Requirements Applied to a Cloud Computing Example DOI: 10.1109/ARES.2012.25 Keywords: bank data processing cloud computing data privacy law software engineering BDSG German Federal Data Protection Act cloud computing online banking scenario data processing functional requirements integrated method international distribution law identification legal requirement elicitation pattern-based information elicitation personal information storage security-relevant concept analysis software development stakeholders Availability Online banking Security requirements engineering software architecture Abstract: Considering legal aspects during software development is a challenging problem, due to the cross-disciplinary expertise required. The problem is even more complex for cloud computing systems, because of the international distribution, huge amounts of processed data, and a large number of stakeholders that own or process the data. Approaches exist to deal with parts of the problem, but they are isolated from each other. We present an integrated method for elicitation of legal requirements. A cloud computing online banking scenario illustrates the application of our methods. The running example deals with the problem of storing personal information in the cloud and based upon the BDSG (German Federal Data Protection Act). We describe the structure of the online banking cloud system using an existing pattern-based approach. The elicited information is further refined and processed into functional requirements for software development. Moreover, our method covers the analysis of security-relevant concepts such as assets and attackers particularly with regard to laws. The requirements artifacts then serve as inputs for existing patterns for the identification of laws relevant for the online banking cloud system. Finally, our method helps to systematically derive functional as well as security requirements that realize the previously identified laws. Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9397 Author: Windsor, J., Deredempt, M. H. and De-Ferluc, R. Year of Conference: 2011 Title: Integrated modular avionics for spacecraft — User requirements, architecture and role definition Conference Name: 2011 IEEE/AIAA 30th Digital Avionics Systems Conference Pages: 8A6-1-8A6-16 Date: 16-20 Oct. 2011 Short Title: Integrated modular avionics for spacecraft — User requirements, architecture and role definition ISBN: 2155-7195 DOI: 10.1109/DASC.2011.6096141 Keywords: aerospace computing aerospace testing avionics reliability ESA European Space Agency IMA-SP aviation industry computing resources failure handling concepts independent functional chains integrated modular avionic for space memory protection strategy regression testing software complexity software development software image software lifecycle software partitioning technology sole access space system reliability space system security spacecraft flight software architecture Aerospace electronics Complexity theory Computer architecture Hardware Resource management Software Space vehicles Abstract: This paper describes, from the perspective of the European Space Agency (ESA), the benefits of incorporating software partitioning technology, based upon the Integrated Modular Avionics (IMA) concept, into the spacecraft flight software architecture in terms of improving the reliability and security of space systems as well as the efficiency of the software development and validation processes. The result of the spin-in shall be known as Integrated Modular Avionics for Space (IMA-SP). One problem faced in space projects is how to manage software complexity. Larger industrial teams are needed to ensure responsibility for the software lifecycle, due to the increased functions and capability required for future missions. The problem is further complicated by the fact that uncorrelated spacecraft applications with different levels of criticality are integrated together into a single core software image, meaning a modification in one application results in regression testing all other applications at the maximum level of criticality. IMA is a solution that allows the aviation industry to manage their avionics complexity. IMA defines an integrated system architecture that preserves the fault containment and 'separation of concerns' properties of the federated architectures, where independent functional chains share a common computing resource. Each functional chain, or application, is protected against interference from other chains by a memory protection strategy and a guaranteed sole access to the computing resources. Applications are isolated from each other in time and memory using software partitions and communicate through controlled channels. An on-going study has derived a baseline IMA- SP definition covering: system requirements, software architecture; application services, lifecycle and process; and failure handling concepts. The findings from this study are presented in this paper. Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9445 Author: Argenti, M., Buratti, D., Rizzini, D. L. and Caselli, S. Year of Conference: 2010 Title: An Integrated Tool Suite for Simulation and Programming of Palletizing Units Conference Name: ISR 2010 (41st International Symposium on Robotics) and ROBOTIK 2010 (6th German Conference on Robotics) Pages: 1-6 Date: 7-9 June 2010 Short Title: An Integrated Tool Suite for Simulation and Programming of Palletizing Units Keywords: Adaptation model Belts Layout Manipulators Monitoring Programming Software Abstract: In this paper, we describe an integrated software tool suite for simulation, programming and monitoring of palletizing machines. All the tools belonging to the suite share a common machine model in order to allow software reuse according to sound software design principles. The simulator emulates the machine behavior and, while abstracting unnecessary physical details, can be used to accurately assess machine throughput and correctness of control parameters. The programming tool assists non-expert human operators in visual programming of the palletizing task, including layers disposition, number of layers, and fractional pallets. Based on the user¿s high-level specification of the pallet format, the system generates optimal pallet layers together with the machine control parameters that meet the given specification. Finally, the monitoring tool supports diagnostic activities and allows efficient recovery when failure occurs. Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9039 Author: Frezza, S. T. and Hazen, S. L. Year of Conference: 1999 Title: Integrating an industrial practicum into a graduate embedded software engineering program Conference Name: Frontiers in Education Conference, 1999. FIE '99. 29th Annual Volume: 1 Pages: 11B7/21-11B7/26 vol.1 Date: 10-13 Nov. 1999 Short Title: Integrating an industrial practicum into a graduate embedded software engineering program ISBN: 0190-5848 DOI: 10.1109/FIE.1999.839248 Keywords: computer science education control engineering education educational courses electrical engineering education embedded systems industrial control software engineering teaching computer control electric machinery electrical engineering graduate embedded control systems engineering graduates formal coursework graduate embedded software engineering programme industrial experience industrial practicum integration on-site academic mentorship real-time control software design software development software implementation Computer aided manufacturing Computer industry Control systems Electrical equipment industry Embedded software Engineering profession Machinery Manufacturing industries Programming Abstract: This paper describes an innovative approach to combining formal coursework and industrial experience in order to prepare engineering graduates for careers in software development for embedded control systems. As computer control has become predominant for controlling machinery, heavy manufacturing companies, such as General Electric Transportation Systems (GETS), have found an increasing need for engineers who understand real-time control of electric machinery, and can implement quality software for large embedded applications. To meet this need, Gannon University and GETS have developed a two-year integrated program and practicum leading to a Master of Science in Engineering degree with concentration in embedded software engineering (ESE). The GU/GETS program goal is to give the electrical engineering graduate the education and practical experience needed to solve software design and implementation problems for large embedded systems. The eight-year-old program has involved on-site academic mentorship, active industrial involvement in program content, and has shown marked success with its graduates. This paper describes the role of the mentor and details of the industrial practicum. Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 9641 Author: Li, M. and Liu, S. Year: 2016 Title: Integrating Animation-Based Inspection Into Formal Design Specification Construction for Reliable Software Systems Journal: IEEE Transactions on Reliability Volume: 65 Issue: 1 Pages: 88-106 Short Title: Integrating Animation-Based Inspection Into Formal Design Specification Construction for Reliable Software Systems ISSN: 0018-9529 DOI: 10.1109/TR.2015.2456853 Keywords: computer animation formal specification inspection program testing software reliability software tools animation based inspection design quality formal design specification construction reliable software systems software design software tool specification animation Animation Computer architecture Online banking Semantics Software systems specification evolution verification and validation Abstract: Software design has been well recognized as an important means to achieve high reliability, and formal specification can help enhance the quality of design. However, communications between the designer and the user can become difficult via formal specifications due to the potentially complex mathematical expressions in the specification. This difficulty may lead to the situation where the user may not be closely involved in the process of constructing the specification for quality assurance. To allow formal specification to play more effective roles in software design, we put forward a new approach to deal with this problem in this paper. The approach is characterized by integrating specification animation-based inspection into the process of constructing formal design specifications. We discuss the underlying principle of the approach by explaining how specification animation is utilized as a reading technique for inspection to validate, and then evolve, the current specification towards a satisfactory one. We describe a prototype software tool for the method, and present a case study to show how the method supported by the tool works in practice. Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8753 Author: Yu, Chaoqing, MacEachren, Alan M., Peuquet, Donna J. and Yarnal, Brent Year: 2009 Title: Integrating scientific modeling and supporting dynamic hazard management with a GeoAgent-based representation of human–environment interactions: A drought example in Central Pennsylvania, USA Journal: Environmental Modelling & Software Volume: 24 Issue: 12 Pages: 1501-1512 Date: 12// Short Title: Integrating scientific modeling and supporting dynamic hazard management with a GeoAgent-based representation of human–environment interactions: A drought example in Central Pennsylvania, USA ISSN: 1364-8152 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsoft.2009.03.010 Keywords: Hazard management GeoAgent Knowledge representation Geographic information systems (GIS) Drought Modeling Decision support Abstract: Recent natural disasters indicate that modern technologies for environmental monitoring, modeling, and forecasting are not well integrated with cross-level social responses in many hazard-management systems. This research addresses this problem through a Java-based multi-agent prototype system, GeoAgent-based Knowledge System (GeoAgentKS). This system allows: (1) computer representation of institutional regulations and behavioral rules used by multiple social institutions and individuals in cross-level human–environment interactions, (2) integration of this representation with scientific modeling of dynamic hazard development, and (3) application of automated reasoning that suggests to users the appropriate actions for supporting cooperative social responses. This paper demonstrates the software architecture of GeoAgentKS and presents such an integrated approach by modeling the drought management processes in Central Pennsylvania, USA. The results show that it is possible to use GeoAgentKS to represent multilevel human–environment interactions and to use those interactions as input to decision making in hazard management. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1364815209000802 Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9156 Author: Berndt, H. Year of Conference: 1998 Title: Integrating telecommunications and information technology to pave the road for the next millenium's electronic market place Conference Name: Communication Technology Proceedings, 1998. ICCT '98. 1998 International Conference on Pages: 13 vol.1 Date: 22-24 Oct 1998 Short Title: Integrating telecommunications and information technology to pave the road for the next millenium's electronic market place DOI: 10.1109/ICCT.1998.743062 Keywords: Internet business communication intelligent networks multimedia communication Internet integration TINA business model TINA-C Telecommunications Information Networking Architecture Consortium complexity distributed processing environment distributed processing techniques distributed software distributed telecommunications applications electronic market place information technology integrated utilization intelligent network interworking migration multimedia service management next generation mobility object orientation open architecture open software architecture quasi network integration technology independent software architecture telecommunications Application software Computer architecture Consumer electronics Distributed processing Electronic commerce IP networks Software architecture Telecommunication services Web and internet services Abstract: Abstract only given. The targeted electronic market of the future will be an open versatile place, which will allow for an exchange of any kind of services including traditional telecommunications services, multimedia multi-party services, information services and electronic commerce. Accomplish that kind of conditions, an open software architecture for distributed telecommunications applications based on adaptation of object orientation and distributed processing techniques will be required. Such technology independent software architecture will act as an enabler for an integrated utilization of different networks accomplishing quasi network integration. The Telecommunications Information Networking Architecture Consortium TINA-C has as its mission to define and validate a globally consistent and open architecture for distributed software applications. The layered architecture hides the complexity of the market for different business domains and business roles. A detailed insight into the TINA business model enhanced with specifications of reference points is given and explained. The Scope and direction of the TINA Consortium in its new phase, started in early 1998 is outlined, showing its intent to carry the specification work towards business reality. TINA applications, including Internet integration, next generation mobility, multimedia service management, migration and interworking between TINA and intelligent networks and distributed processing environment (DPE) suitable for real-time telecommunication are focal points outlined. Success stories are highlighted with reference to the newest implementations in ongoing global TINA trails Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8651 Author: Petridis, M. and Knight, B. Year: 1996 Title: The integration of an intelligent knowledge-based system into engineering software using the blackboard structure Journal: Advances in Engineering Software Volume: 25 Issue: 2–3 Pages: 141-147 Date: 3// Short Title: The integration of an intelligent knowledge-based system into engineering software using the blackboard structure ISSN: 0965-9978 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0965-9978(95)00101-8 Keywords: blackboard Intelligent Knowledge-Based Systems (IKBS) artificial intelligence engineering software Abstract: Over recent years there has been an increase in the use of generic Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) software packages spread across various application fields. This has created the need for the integration of expertise into CFD software. Expertise can be integrated into CFD software in the form of an Intelligent Knowledge-Based System (IKBS). The advantages of integrating intelligence into generic engineering software are discussed with a special view to software engineering considerations. The software modelling cycle of a typical engineering problem is identified and the respective expertise and user control needed for each modelling phase is shown. The requirements of an IKBS for CFD software are discussed and compared to current practice. The blackboard software architecture is presented. This is shown to be appropriate for the integration of an IKBS into an engineering software package. This is demonstrated through the presentation of the prototype CFD software package FLOWES. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0965997895001018 Access Date: 1996/4// Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8554 Author: Bon, Philippe, Collart-Dutilleul, Simon and Petit, Dorian Year: 2012 Title: Integration of B Activity into a Global Design Process of Critical Software Journal: Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences Volume: 48 Pages: 2169-2178 Date: // Short Title: Integration of B Activity into a Global Design Process of Critical Software ISSN: 1877-0428 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2012.06.1190 Keywords: Safe software design transport systems Model Driven Engineering Formal methods Abstract: The adequacy of the B method to produce a valid software implementation is well known, particularly in the guided transport domain. However, there is an important work to be performed using the informal specification before entering the B process. A lot of requirements are difficult to express and to assess using formal methods. The use of a human expertise cannot be avoided. The upstream requirements analysis may be assist with some graphical tool using UML notations. Nevertheless the main problem to be solved may be the choice of the adequate tool. Currently, there are several kinds of diagrams in the UML (Unified Meta Language) notation and they are partially redundant. Considering a more general point of view, an important human contribution is to choose the representation which is best adapted to the considered assessment problem. To give an example, before the implementation task, a global checking of the functional validity performed by an expert is relevant. In this case, a compact readable graphical model is useful. Furthermore, the dynamic aspects are better illustrated when this model can be simulated. High level Petri nets have both qualities of language power and formal modeling. Moreover, there are some dedicated simulation tools. The aim of this task is to provide a valid input into the B process. However, up to now, all requirements are not naturally integrated into the B process. Temporal requirements checking can be assisted using efficient tools. The assessment problem does not forbid using various complementary formalisms. The global approach consists in identifying which kind of services may be provided by a particular tool and to mix them with other ones in order to analyze a system. The model driven engineering (MDE) provides an interesting framework in order to transmit specifications and requirements from one representation to another. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1877042812029333 Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9062 Author: Liscano, R. and Kazemi, K. Year of Conference: 2010 Title: Integration of component-based frameworks with sensor modelling languages for the sensor web Conference Name: 2010 IEEE Globecom Workshops Pages: 235-240 Date: 6-10 Dec. 2010 Short Title: Integration of component-based frameworks with sensor modelling languages for the sensor web ISBN: 2166-0077 DOI: 10.1109/GLOCOMW.2010.5700317 Keywords: Internet Java middleware object-oriented programming software architecture Java Bean software components SensorML modelling language component based framework decision making software modules object based approach sensor Web middleware platform sensor information modelling sensor modelling languages sensor networks service oriented architectures software engineering Component-based Design SensorML SensorWeb Abstract: The integration of sensor networks with service oriented architectures requires explicit representations of sensor information and interfaces. A strong candidate language for modelling sensor information is SensorML. SensorML as opposed to other sensor modelling languages supports a specification of a process model associated with a sensor system. As a way of facilitating interaction with other decision making software modules this paper presents a translation procedure that leverages the SensorML modelling language and maps this into Java Bean software components and events. Software components design is a common approach for supporting highlevel interoperability in software engineering. To demonstrate the value of this approach the translation procedure is compared against the more classical object-based approach used to develop a sensor web middleware platform. The results show that the use of SensorML to drive the software design of sensor components is simpler to that based on classical OO design. Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9194 Author: Huang, Z. and Ma, X. Year of Conference: 2009 Title: Integration of emission and fuel consumption computing with traffic simulation using a distributed framework Conference Name: 2009 12th International IEEE Conference on Intelligent Transportation Systems Pages: 1-6 Date: 4-7 Oct. 2009 Short Title: Integration of emission and fuel consumption computing with traffic simulation using a distributed framework ISBN: 2153-0009 DOI: 10.1109/ITSC.2009.5309536 Keywords: distributed object management fuel software architecture traffic engineering computing CORBA SOA air quality common objects request broker architecture decision makings distributed framework emission computing fuel consumption computing fuel efficiency service oriented architecture traffic simulation tool KTH-TPMA urban traffic management urban traffic planning Analytical models Computational modeling Decision making Distributed computing Fuels Process planning Quality management Traffic control Urban planning Abstract: Air quality and fuel efficiency has become important factors in decision-makings on urban traffic planning and management. To support the process, simulation models have potential to play essential roles in evaluation of planning alternatives and control strategies. However, traffic and its environmental impacts are different processes and often require various levels of models. With concerns on high computing performance and rich functionalities, it may be not appropriate to model emission inventory within traffic simulation. In this paper, we present a distributed simulation approach, and an independent emission/energy computing platform is built to simulate, visualize and analyze online emission outputs, given a microscopic traffic simulation tool, KTH-TPMA. Two distributed computing frameworks, common objects request broker architecture (CORBA) and service oriented architecture (SOA), are adopted in the distributed software design and implementation. Several emission models are implemented and generally evaluated in micro simulation runs of two road networks. Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9094 Author: García, A. P., Oliver, J. and Gosch, D. Year of Conference: 2010 Title: An intelligent agent-based distributed architecture for Smart-Grid integrated network management Conference Name: IEEE Local Computer Network Conference Pages: 1013-1018 Date: 10-14 Oct. 2010 Short Title: An intelligent agent-based distributed architecture for Smart-Grid integrated network management ISBN: 0742-1303 DOI: 10.1109/LCN.2010.5735673 Keywords: cooperative systems data models middleware mobile agents ontologies (artificial intelligence) open systems power engineering computing power system management power system measurement real-time systems security of data smart power grids software architecture AMI device DA device HAN device autonomous agent communications network concentrator cooperative agent data measurement retrieval data model data ontology device configuration distributed agent distributed software architecture event-based real-time middleware intelligent agent-based distributed architecture interoperable smart-grid network network availability network management system rule set rule-engine security sensor service configuration smart meter smart-grid integrated network management structured distributed event-bus vendor technology Computer architecture Monitoring Protocols Real time systems Telecommunications Smart-Grid integrated network management intelligent agents operation support systems (OSS) Abstract: This paper describes a distributed software architecture designed to manage, in an integrated way, interoperable Smart-Grid networks. It has been designed to address the fact of having massive deployments of AMI, DA, and HAN devices (meters, concentrators, sensors) from multiple vendor technologies, which must be accessed through several communications networks. This network management system is used to deliver the service configurations to the Smart-Grid, retrieve data measurements, and monitor network availability. The proposed architecture is based on autonomous, intelligent, cooperative, distributed agents. The intelligence is achieved by means of data ontology definitions and rule-engines. Data ontologies are retrieved from the different reference data models (smart-grid, communications, proprietary and other models). Each agent is able to specialize in an autonomous way by means of rule sets and the specific data models. Agents are reactive to external events and communicate by means of an event-based real-time middleware. This middleware provides a structured distributed event-bus. Using this architecture, it is possible to monitor the whole network status, deliver complex service definitions to the smart-meters, upgrade device and service configurations, and retrieve measurements with security. In addition, as the intelligence is distributed in agents, it is possible to segregate the different functional roles in the service, associating them to the corresponding agents. This architecture has already been tested on huge device deployments. Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9459 Author: Hicks, J. D., Stoyen, A. D. and Quiming, Zhu Year of Conference: 2001 Title: Intelligent agent-based software architecture for combat performance under overwhelming information inflow and uncertainty Conference Name: Proceedings Seventh IEEE International Conference on Engineering of Complex Computer Systems Pages: 200-210 Date: 2001 Short Title: Intelligent agent-based software architecture for combat performance under overwhelming information inflow and uncertainty DOI: 10.1109/ICECCS.2001.930179 Keywords: Bayes methods differential games military computing software agents software architecture underwater vehicles Bayesian method combat performance counter detection decision making aid differential game modeling intelligent agent military submarine operations training war Bayesian methods Data analysis Decision making Game theory Scattering Software testing Uncertainty Abstract: In the highly dynamic and information rich environment of military submarine operations, the Commanding Officer must make split second decisions that could ultimately result in the destruction or survival of Ownship or the accomplishment of its designated mission. Despite extensive training and expertise, the fog of war often shadows real world encounters. Pieces of the tactical puzzle may be scattered, broken, and/or even missing. It is the Commanding Officer's job to meld the fog into a clear tactical picture and intuitively decide upon the optimal course of action to obtain his mission goals and objectives. A mathematically derived optimal solution could be used as a decision making aid for the Commanding Officer to enhance Ownship's performance. A highly innovative hybrid Bayesian/differential game modeling approach is being developed to tackle this problem. The resulting theory and technology will facilitate tactical operations by addressing such practical problems as tradeoff evaluation for course of action and maintaining tactical advantage while avoiding counter detection Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9326 Author: Chanda, N. and Liu, X. F. Year of Conference: 2015 Title: Intelligent analysis of software architecture rationale for collaborative software design Conference Name: 2015 International Conference on Collaboration Technologies and Systems (CTS) Pages: 287-294 Date: 1-5 June 2015 Short Title: Intelligent analysis of software architecture rationale for collaborative software design DOI: 10.1109/CTS.2015.7210436 Keywords: decision making formal specification groupware management of change program diagnostics program verification software architecture address change management collaborative software design design decision making process intelligent software architecture rationale analysis requirement satisfaction system requirement traceability software architecture elements software requirements software system maintainability textual analysis traceability matrix Artificial intelligence Collaboration Computer architecture Software Architecture Knowledge Capture Collaborative (Global) Software Development Collaborative Conflict Management Collaborative Decision Making and Support Collaborative Knowledge Management Collaborative Software Architecture Design Collective Intelligence Abstract: A set of principle design decisions drives architects to design software architecture for a system satisfying requirements. The design decision making process involves a group of stakeholders exchanging their viewpoints to address various concerns and reach a consensus. Often the architecture rationale behind various design decisions is not fully captured and hence affects the maintainability of software systems. In this paper, we identify three research challenges to analyze the architecture rationale in various perspectives to provide stakeholders with a more detailed view that aids them in decision making. Firstly, we determine collective opinions of a group on different viewpoints and detect viewpoints which have gained a significant attention into the online discussion. Secondly, we propose a method to develop a traceability matrix that links various software architecture elements to its related software requirements. The requirements traceability helps to maintain software systems and address change management. Thirdly, We perform textual analysis of stakeholders' views to determine the topics that are most discussed. In order to capture and maintain the software architecture rationale for analysis, we briefly present the design of an intelligent software architecture rationale capture system that enables stakeholders to participate in an online discussion to resolve a design issue collaboratively. The system captures a structured design rationale which maintains its links to software requirements and architecture elements. Finally, a comprehensive empirical study is presented. The results from the study indicate that our system is effective in capturing and supporting stakeholders in a collaborative decision making. Notes: tool Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9274 Author: Ma, J., Lin, Z., Bao, C., Wang, J. and Liu, S. Year of Conference: 2010 Title: Intelligent control and implementation of a new type constant temperature and humidity box Conference Name: Proceedings of the 29th Chinese Control Conference Pages: 4263-4266 Date: 29-31 July 2010 Short Title: Intelligent control and implementation of a new type constant temperature and humidity box ISBN: 1934-1768 Keywords: compensation hardware-software codesign humidity control intelligent control meteorological instruments microcontrollers temperature control STC12C5620AD MCU adjust channel atmospheric environment control precision energy-saving effect environmental cycle expert PID control algorithm hardware and software compensation measures hardware and software design method hardware core hardware system high efficient temperature humidity box humidity testing cabinet intelligent terminal static quality system dynamic system efficiency type constant temperature Hardware Humidity Humidity measurement Temperature measurement Temperature sensors Constant Temperature and Humidity Box Double-loop Structure STC12C5620AD Abstract: This paper focuses on the hardware and software design method of a new type of high efficient temperature and humidity testing cabinet. As the hardware core is based on the STC12C5620AD MCU, the entire hardware system is simpler and more reliable. By using the box inside the environmental cycle and using adjust channel of the atmospheric environment, the system efficiency is greatly improved, while energy-saving effect is remarkable. By adopting expert PID control algorithm and using hardware and software compensation measures, the system dynamic and static quality and control precision is further improved. Furthermore, the use of intelligent terminal as input and output device, which is simpler to operate, meets the different needs of consumers. Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8614 Author: Linkens, D. A., Abbod, M. F., Browne, A. and Cade, N. Year: 2000 Title: Intelligent control of a cryogenic cooling plant based on blackboard system architecture Journal: ISA Transactions Volume: 39 Issue: 3 Pages: 327-343 Date: 7// Short Title: Intelligent control of a cryogenic cooling plant based on blackboard system architecture ISSN: 0019-0578 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0019-0578(00)00020-3 Keywords: Blackboard architecture Intelligent system Fuzzy logic Neural networks Neuro-fuzzy system Genetic algorithms Cryogenic process Abstract: Intelligent system techniques have been rapidly assimilating into process control engineering, with many applications reported in the last decade. Intelligent control is bringing a new perspective as well as new challenges to process control. In this paper, a software architecture for a Blackboard for Integrated Intelligent Control Systems (BIICS) is described. The system is designed to simultaneously support multiple heterogeneous intelligent methodologies, such as neural networks, expert systems, fuzzy logic, neural networks and genetic algorithms. It will be shown how such methodologies can be readily assimilated into the software architecture. The BIICS system represents a multi-purpose platform for design and simulation of intelligent control paradigms for different kinds of processes. Currently the system utilizes intelligent control techniques (neuro-fuzzy and genetic optimization) for controlling a cryogenic plant used for superconductor testing at temperatures below 100 K. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0019057800000203 Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8592 Author: Wang, Junxi, Mao, Xiaojian, Zhu, Keqing, Song, Junhua and Zhuo, Bin Year: 2009 Title: An intelligent diagnostic tool for electronically controlled diesel engine Journal: Mechatronics Volume: 19 Issue: 6 Pages: 859-867 Date: 9// Short Title: An intelligent diagnostic tool for electronically controlled diesel engine ISSN: 0957-4158 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mechatronics.2009.04.009 Keywords: Diesel engine Intelligent diagnostic tool KWP2000 Measuring Programming GSS Abstract: A diagnostic tool was designed and developed based on KWP 2000 (Kingtec Standard Diagnostic Protocol on K-line). According to the KWP2000, special communication module was devised, which implemented the physical connection and level translation between personal computer (PC) and electronic control unit (ECU). Software design includes guidance service suggestion (GSS) function module and fundamental function module. GSS function module scheduled six intelligent tests: compressing test, fuel shut-off test, run up test, fuel leakage test, electrical system test and high pressure test, and received the test results and supported the search for the cause of errors in the injection system or in the engine, provided diagnosis guidance and played an important role for the service engineer in the after-sale service market. Fundamental function module implemented the following functions: communication, diagnostic trouble code (DTC) management, measuring and programming data. All those modules were designed with Visual C++ and LabVIEW languages, which provided friendly and compatible interface. This diagnostic tool has been used successfully in first generation green diesel (GD-1) high pressure common rail diesel engine, all tests showed it could realize accurate and quick data communication, online diagnostic management, real-time and dynamic measuring data refreshment, online programming data and practical GSS. It significantly improved the efficiency and convenience in after sales service aftermarket. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0957415809000890 Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9268 Author: Revillard, J., Cimpan, S., Benoit, E. and Oquendo, F. Year of Conference: 2005 Title: Intelligent Instrument Design With ArchWare ADL Conference Name: 5th Working IEEE/IFIP Conference on Software Architecture (WICSA'05) Pages: 249-250 Date: 2005 Short Title: Intelligent Instrument Design With ArchWare ADL DOI: 10.1109/WICSA.2005.40 Keywords: Computer architecture Domain specific languages Hardware Instruments Intelligent actuators Intelligent sensors Programming profession Software algorithms Software architecture Software design Abstract: The design of intelligent instruments, i.e., sensors and actuators, is a complex field. Competences in physics, mechanics, and computing sciences are needed for this design, and strong constraints coming from the instrument hardware or the chosen fieldbus have to be respected. One of the sensitive issues of the design is that the software design has to be made by instrument designers who are domain specialists, but not software experts. Such a designer is able to easily design the hardware part of the intelligent instrument but not the software part. Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 8879 Author: Cao, X. and Zheng, D. Year of Conference: 2014 Title: Intelligent LED lighting system and sensor technology Conference Name: 2014 11th China International Forum on Solid State Lighting (SSLCHINA) Pages: 129-132 Date: 6-8 Nov. 2014 Short Title: Intelligent LED lighting system and sensor technology DOI: 10.1109/SSLCHINA.2014.7127238 Keywords: LED lamps intelligent sensors lighting intelligent LED lighting system sensor technology wireless communications technology Artificial intelligence Control systems Light emitting diodes Temperature sensors Wireless communication Abstract: In recent years, LED lighting is widely used in home lighting, commercial lighting, public lighting and landscape lighting and other fields. In order to allow people to have a comfortable lighting environment and sustainable energy saving. The management model of LED lighting is being changed from traditional simple lighting management to a intelligent system management model. In this paper, the sensor technology are described as a "weapon" to achieve intelligent LED lighting. The important role of sensors is introduced form working principle of intelligent LED lighting systems, hardware and software design solutions. As the same time, this paper predict that a greater variety of sensors and wireless communications technology will be widely used in intelligent LED lighting systems, and the intelligent LED lighting systems will be more energy efficient and easy maintenance, will provide people more comfortable light environment. Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9451 Author: Vyatkin, V. Year of Conference: 2003 Title: Intelligent mechatronic components: control system engineering using an open distributed architecture Conference Name: EFTA 2003. 2003 IEEE Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation. Proceedings (Cat. No.03TH8696) Volume: 2 Pages: 277-284 vol.2 Date: 16-19 Sept. 2003 Short Title: Intelligent mechatronic components: control system engineering using an open distributed architecture DOI: 10.1109/ETFA.2003.1248711 Keywords: IEC standards client-server systems distributed control embedded systems intelligent control mechatronics open systems software architecture IEC61499 automation systems reconfiguration control system engineering embedded control device intelligent mechatronic components open distributed architecture software engineering Application software Automatic control Automation Computer architecture Control systems Software systems Systems engineering and theory Abstract: This paper reports the results of case study on application of open distributed software architecture IEC61499 to the organization of intelligence, embedded to smart mechatronic components. The presented approach targets the issues related to integration and reconfiguration of automation systems, where the software integration plays an important role. Based on the testbed studies, a classification of "intelligence classes" is suggested. Several integration and reconfiguration scenarios are illustrated. Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9137 Author: Cockburn, D. Year of Conference: 1993 Title: Intelligent network operation and control systems [power system automation] Conference Name: IEE Colloquium on Expert Systems in the Field of Protection and Control Pages: 1/1-1/4 Date: 26 Oct 1993 Short Title: Intelligent network operation and control systems [power system automation] Keywords: distribution networks expert systems power system computer control software packages Archon CIDIM Esprit Project application automation communication control systems cooperation design distributed paradigm distribution management expert system software architecture Abstract: In many industrial applications a great deal of time, effort and resources have been spent in producing stand alone systems to solve specific problems which are in reality often just subproblems of a much larger problem. More benefit could be obtained from this expenditure if these systems could work together in order to more closely meet the overall needs of the application. In order to do this methodically, two things are required: a framework which provides assistance for the cooperation and communication required between the individual systems and a methodology to help to design and structure the overall system. The Esprit Project, Archon (P2256), provides both a software architecture and a methodology to create such systems following a distributed paradigm. This paper describes the CIDIM (cooperating intelligent systems for distribution management systems) application which has been developed as a prototype expert system in order to demonstrate the usefulness of the Archon approach in the power system control room Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9024 Author: Chen, J., Liu, J. H. and Su, H. M. Year of Conference: 2008 Title: An Intensive Curriculum on Embedded Software Design for Vocational-Purpose Training Conference Name: 2008 14th IEEE International Conference on Parallel and Distributed Systems Pages: 745-750 Date: 8-10 Dec. 2008 Short Title: An Intensive Curriculum on Embedded Software Design for Vocational-Purpose Training ISBN: 1521-9097 DOI: 10.1109/ICPADS.2008.112 Keywords: computer science education educational courses embedded systems systems analysis vocational training SoC embedded software design embedded software engineers intensive curriculum ready-to-use skills vocational-purpose training Computer industry Design engineering Educational institutions Embedded software Embedded system Job design Software design Software systems Systems engineering and theory curriculum design vocational curriculum Abstract: This paper presents the design and implementation of an intensive curriculum on embedded software design for university or college graduates of engineering background, who are seeking job opportunities in developing software for embedded system products. It is part of a government-conducted project intending to resolve the shortage of embedded software engineers in SoC (System-on-Chip) and related industry. In order to balance among the required expertise in developing embedded software, background diversity of the enrolled students, and the 300-hour limit on total course hours imposed by the project, the curriculum is designed towards delivering ready-to-use skills and aimed at establishing a solid common ground as required by embedded software engineers. The curriculum is composed of 9 courses which are divided into foundation modules, core modules, and practicing modules. More than 75% of the students were employed to work in embedded software and related industry within 6 months after completing this curriculum. This curriculum, although it has its limitation, demonstrates an effective alternative to supplying industry with trained manpower of embedded software. Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 9131 Author: Desai, N., Mallya, A. U., Chopra, A. K. and Singh, M. P. Year: 2005 Title: Interaction protocols as design abstractions for business processes Journal: IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering Volume: 31 Issue: 12 Pages: 1015-1027 Short Title: Interaction protocols as design abstractions for business processes ISSN: 0098-5589 DOI: 10.1109/TSE.2005.140 Keywords: business data processing calculus multi-agent systems organisational aspects software reusability systems analysis /spl phi/-calculus business process modeling business protocols design abstraction interaction protocols interaction-based modeling multiagent system organizational problem publishable specification rule-based processing software design methodology software reuse Business communication Concrete Mirrors Multiagent systems OWL Process design Protocols Skeleton Software design Software systems Index Terms- Multiagent systems pi-calculus. software design methodologies Abstract: Business process modeling and enactment are notoriously complex, especially in open settings, where business partners are autonomous, requirements must be continually finessed, and exceptions frequently arise because of real-world or organizational problems. Traditional approaches, which attempt to capture processes as monolithic flows, have proven inadequate in addressing these challenges. We propose (business) protocols as components for developing business processes. A protocol is an abstract, modular, publishable specification of an interaction among different roles to be played by different participants. When instantiated with the participants' internal policies, protocols yield concrete business processes. Protocols are reusable and refinable, thus simplifying business process design. We show how protocols and their composition are theoretically founded in the phi;-calculus. Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 8889 Author: Alabbad, A. M. Year of Conference: 2011 Title: Interactive computer/network-based program for teaching English as a foreign language in the elementary levels in Saudi Arabia Conference Name: 2011 International Conference on Multimedia Computing and Systems Pages: 1-4 Date: 7-9 April 2011 Short Title: Interactive computer/network-based program for teaching English as a foreign language in the elementary levels in Saudi Arabia ISBN: Pending DOI: 10.1109/ICMCS.2011.5945699 Keywords: Internet audio-visual systems computer aided instruction educational courses educational institutions grammars language translation linguistics natural language processing teaching B.A program College of Administrative Sciences English teaching Gardner's Attitude/Motivation Test Battery King Saud University Riyadh Saudi Arabia audio-lingual translation method audiovisual technology computer-assisted language learning e-learning elementary levels foreign language general English course grammar translation method interactive computer-based program interactive network-based program software design Computers Grammar Materials Multimedia communication EFL Languaeg learning attitudes/motivation computer assissted language learning (CALL) educatinoal sofware/Web design language learning Abstract: This is an ongoing experimental study aims to investigate the impact of computer-assisted language learning (CALL) and software design on both the achievement of the learners of English as a foreign language (EFL) and their attitudes toward learning EFL on upper-elementary level students. It examines both variables (performance and attitudes) before and after the implementation of computers and learning at home via the Internet. The field study is taking place at the College of Administrative Sciences - King Saud University (KSU) in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Prior to the study, the researcher conducted a motivational and attitudinal survey of the subjects, which was adapted from Gardner's Attitude/Motivation Test Battery with modifications. The survey intended to examine 150 Saudi freshmen student's attitudes in KSU toward leaning EFL using audio-lingual and grammar translation methods and traditional teaching aids in school. The survey's results showed negative attitudes held by students toward learning English using traditional teaching aids i.e textbook and paper handouts. The subjects of the current study have reached about 100 students in different phases till the beginning of 2011. All students are freshman males who take this general English course (Eng 101) as a requisite for their B.A program. The study period was one semester of about 16 weeks, during which the students experienced a completely new way of learning English through computers and the Internet. To measure the students' progress the researcher ran a pre-test and a post test for the experimental group. At the same time a control group who studied the same course took a pre-test and a post-test to measure and compare their performance with the experimental group. Results showed that the experimental group outperformed the control group by 25%. As to the experimental attitudes toward using computers and audiovisual technology students attitudes were remarkable positive. It will be useful to see ho- - w the design and implementation of computer programs can help enhancing the learning outcomes. The designed program will be reviewed during the presentation session so as the researcher and the designing team could benefit from the valuable input from experts in the fields of language learning, e-learning and educational software designers. Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9401 Author: Kim, S., Choi, J. and Kim, M. Year of Conference: 2006 Title: Interactive Software Architecture for Service Robots Conference Name: 2006 SICE-ICASE International Joint Conference Pages: 4270-4275 Date: 18-21 Oct. 2006 Short Title: Interactive Software Architecture for Service Robots DOI: 10.1109/SICE.2006.314873 Keywords: control engineering computing interactive systems knowledge management man-machine systems mobile robots path planning service robots software architecture user interfaces Jinny tour-guide robot interactive software architecture robot knowledge management robot-human interaction Application software Computer architecture Electronic mail Human robot interaction Intelligent robots Speech recognition Speech synthesis Human-robot interaction Service robot Tour-guide robot Abstract: Our goal is to develop an interactive software architecture for service robots. The software architecture provides active interaction between robots and humans, and it is so intuitive that even untrained users can use easily. In addition, our software architecture enables that non-experts can manage robot knowledge. We implemented a tour-guide robot Jinny using the software architecture and verified it in actual service fields Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 8781 Author: Gomes, R., Straub, J., Jones, A., Morgan, J., Tipparach, S., Sletten, A., Kim, K. W., Loegering, D., Feikema, N., Dayananda, K., Miryala, G., Gass, A., Setterstrom, K., Mischel, J., Shipman, D. and Nazzaro, C. Year of Conference: 2017 Title: An interconnected network of UAS as a system-of-systems Conference Name: 2017 IEEE/AIAA 36th Digital Avionics Systems Conference (DASC) Pages: 1-7 Date: 17-21 Sept. 2017 Short Title: An interconnected network of UAS as a system-of-systems DOI: 10.1109/DASC.2017.8102148 Keywords: Meteorology Monitoring Path planning Poles and towers Temperature sensors UAS autonomous navigation obstacle avoidance remote sensing Abstract: Technological advancements and miniaturization have made it possible for Unmanned Aerial Systems (UAS) to perform a diverse range of tasks. UAS are being used in various applications ranging from remote sensing[1] to disaster response[2] to package delivery[3]. As drones rapidly fill the airspace, there are several threats that the system can encounter. These threats include mid-air collisions, loss of remote command connection, security breach of the drone's software system and critical damage to the hardware. To ensure the integrity of the drone in flight, an interconnected UAS architecture, having a fully functional system capable of responding to these situations, is required. This paper presents a system meeting these requirements. An interconnected UAS system of systems is proposed that includes systems for onboard GPS, obstacle avoidance central control and safety response. It focuses on the coordination level that the UAS systems will need to have amongst themselves. It proposes a control system to ensure effective monitoring of UAS. The UAS system architecture is comprised of eleven systems that are essential for a safe flight. In addition, the control system includes five different systems that are involved in the decision-making process. The importance and operation of these systems are discussed in detail. The proposed UAS software architecture is capable of performing autonomous self-control. It has decision making modules that can receive data from various sensors and integrate it to provide efficient route planning and data management. The software systems monitor the area surrounding the UAV to facilitate routing and decision making. The software architecture includes self-awareness to respond to situations such as adverse climatic conditions that impact the flight capabilities of the UAS. The proposed UAS system also includes hardware to monitor and update the list of obstacles in its path. This requires the UAS to be equipped with sensors for obs- acle determination and a software system that accepts the inputs from these sensors, makes decisions and performs actions, promptly. An emergency response system is included to ensure that the drone will land safely in an appropriate location, if its systems are compromised. This response system is capable of deciding the severity of the situation and sends commands to the flight control system regarding the recovery steps that should be taken. The proposed system architecture incorporates cybersecurity in its design framework so that it is equipped to handle potential hackers that might try to gain access to onboard navigation controls and reroute the UAS for personal gain or another agenda. If the system senses a threat, it launches the emergency response system. The proposed UAS software architecture includes a maintenance and diagnostics system that coordinates and monitors drone activities. It performs functions ranging from monitoring the health of the hardware systems to uploading error reports to the central server. The system transmits error reports to the control unit which further processes the data to determine the source of the error and resolve the issue. In UAS systems, a computerized framework takes input from at least one sensor, and uses a pre-characterized set of guidelines to make decisions [4]. This paper aims to achieve an interconnected UAS system of systems that can address several issues and solutions related to flight autonomously. Reference Type: Book Section Record Number: 8710 Author: Carver, M. B. Year: 1977 Title: AN INTERDISCIPLINARY PARTIAL DIFFERENTIAL EQUATION SOLUTION PACKAGE A2 - WEXLER, ALVIN Book Title: Large Engineering Systems Publisher: Pergamon Pages: 458-472 Short Title: AN INTERDISCIPLINARY PARTIAL DIFFERENTIAL EQUATION SOLUTION PACKAGE A2 - WEXLER, ALVIN ISBN: 978-0-08-021295-1 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-08-021295-1.50039-0 Abstract: SUMMARY The numerical solution of physically realistic systems of partial differential equations is an intricate process which usually requires the scientist to undertake the development of computer techniques specialized for the problem in question. It is difficult to ensure accuracy of the results of this expensive, time-consuming work, and the program will likely have little relevance to the next problem to be solved. This has caused a growing interest in generally applicable software designed to automate the solution of differential equations. Such software is a product of the cumulative experience of experts in numerical analysis, modelling, simulation and programming techniques and makes full use of robust, reliable algorithms. The software requires of the user merely that he present his problem in a well-posed, clearly defined manner, and relieves him of the further responsibilities of choice of algorithm and of ensuring program validity and accuracy, as these features are all built into the system. The positive response of users of such systems provides a continuing stimulus for further development. Applications are being found not only in the traditionally mathematical branches of science and engineering, but also in fields such as the biological sciences which are now becoming increasingly attracted to the possibilities of computerized modelling of transient systems. This paper outlines the development of general software for partial differential equations, and discusses a particular package, FORSIM, which has gained wide recognition. Simple applications are discussed to illustrate the use of the package on problems arising from diverse fields, and projects involving the simulation of large systems are also described. The mathematical foundations of the techniques are outlined, but the main emphasis of the paper is on philosophy and application. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780080212951500390 Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8310 Author: Cabral, Regina H. B., Campos, Ivan M., Cowan, Donald D. and Lucena, Carlos J. P. Year: 1990 Title: Interfaces as specifications in the MIDAS user interface development systems Journal: SIGSOFT Softw. Eng. Notes Volume: 15 Issue: 2 Pages: 55-69 Short Title: Interfaces as specifications in the MIDAS user interface development systems ISSN: 0163-5948 DOI: 10.1145/382296.382704 Legal Note: 382704 Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 8372 Author: Coole, James and Stitt, Greg Year: 2010 Title: Intermediate fabrics: virtual architectures for circuit portability and fast placement and routing Conference Name: Proceedings of the eighth IEEE/ACM/IFIP international conference on Hardware/software codesign and system synthesis Conference Location: Scottsdale, Arizona, USA Publisher: ACM Pages: 13-22 DOI: 10.1145/1878961.1878966 Place Published: 1878966 Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 9504 Author: Ramos, J. J. G., Maeta, S. M., Mirisola, L. G. B., Bueno, S. S., Bergerman, M., Faria, B. G., Pinto, G. E. M. and Bruciapaglia, A. H. Year: 2003 Title: Internet-based solutions in the development and operation of an unmanned robotic airship Journal: Proceedings of the IEEE Volume: 91 Issue: 3 Pages: 463-474 Short Title: Internet-based solutions in the development and operation of an unmanned robotic airship ISSN: 0018-9219 DOI: 10.1109/JPROC.2003.809219 Keywords: Internet data visualisation mobile robots remotely operated vehicles software architecture software tools AURORA unmanned autonomous airship project Internet robotic systems Internet-based solutions aerial robots ground robotic vehicles intelligent robots internetworking programming environment unmanned aerial vehicles unmanned robotic airship Access protocols IP networks Land vehicles Mars Road vehicles Robots Vehicle safety Web and internet services Abstract: Internet robotic systems have a different role in the use and development of aerial robots compared to that for ground robots. While for ground robotic vehicles, Internet is useful for remote operation or to make remote development, in aerial vehicles, in addition, the safety aspect must be considered very carefully. This paper addresses the requirements to the specific case of Internet aerial robots. It describes the conceptual and implementation aspects of an Internet-based software architecture for the AURORA unmanned autonomous airship project, showing its use in the different project phases. Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9206 Author: Taylor, P. Year of Conference: 2001 Title: Interpreting Mayall's 'Principles in Design' Conference Name: Proceedings 2001 Australian Software Engineering Conference Pages: 297-305 Date: 2001 Short Title: Interpreting Mayall's 'Principles in Design' ISBN: 1530-0803 DOI: 10.1109/ASWEC.2001.948523 Keywords: professional aspects software engineering contemporary software design current attitudes perceptions software design Computer architecture Computer science Design engineering Engineering management Fabrics Production Productivity Programming Abstract: Design-a foundation of software engineering-has its own base of theory originating in architecture and spanning diverse disciplines. The paths of software and design theory separated when software design aligned with the engineering and production metaphors in the interests of manageability and formalism. The two disciplines have continued independent discourses, despite some important similarities. However, economic pressures and technology convergence may be forcing a reconciliation of sorts. As software becomes a pervasive design fabric, designers working in a range of media will converge, and from a systems perspective, lightweight development paradigms appear to be challenging the overheads of incumbent process-intensive engineering models. It is timely to go back to the point of divergence to see just how far modern software design norms have strayed from basic design theory of several decades ago. This paper examines Mayall's 'Principles in Design' (1979) and presents an interpretation of how contemporary software design relates to this unofficial design canon. Mayall's ten principles are treated as an assessment instrument, to provide a mirror on current attitudes and perceptions of the role of design in software engineering Notes: Review/extension Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9014 Author: Shewhart, M. Year of Conference: 1992 Title: Interpreting statistical process control (SPC) charts using machine learning and expert system techniques Conference Name: Proceedings of the IEEE 1992 National Aerospace and Electronics Conference@m_NAECON 1992 Pages: 1001-1006 vol.3 Date: 18-22 May 1992 Short Title: Interpreting statistical process control (SPC) charts using machine learning and expert system techniques DOI: 10.1109/NAECON.1992.220472 Keywords: expert systems logistics data processing quality control software tools statistical process control chart patterns control charts expert system hybrid system machine learning software design software functionality software tool Application software Personnel Process control Text processing Abstract: Statistical process control (SPC) charts are one of several tools used in quality control. The SPC quality control tool has been under-utilized due to the lack of experienced personnel able to identify and interpret patterns within the control charts. The Special Projects Office of the Center for Supportability and Technology Insertion (CSTI) has developed a hybrid machine-learning and expert-system software tool which automates the process of constructing and interpreting control charts. The software tool draws control charts, identifies various chart patterns, advises what each pattern means, and suggests possible corrective actions. The application is easily modifiable for process specific applications through simple modifications to the knowledge base portion using any word processing software. The authors discuss control charts, software functionality, software design, machine learning, and the expert system Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 7914 Author: Shahin, Mojtaba, Babar, Muhammad Ali and Zhu, Liming Year of Conference: 2016 Title: The Intersection of Continuous Deployment and Architecting Process: Practitioners' Perspectives Conference Name: Proceedings of the 10th ACM/IEEE International Symposium on Empirical Software Engineering and Measurement Conference Location: Ciudad Real, Spain Publisher: ACM Pages: 1-10 Short Title: The Intersection of Continuous Deployment and Architecting Process: Practitioners' Perspectives DOI: 10.1145/2961111.2962587 Place Published: 2962587 Abstract: Context: Development and Operations (DevOps) is an emerging software industry movement to bridge the gap between software development and operations teams. DevOps supports frequently and reliably releasing new features and products-- thus subsuming Continuous Deployment (CD) practice. Goal: This research aims at empirically exploring the potential impact of CD practice on architecting process. Method: We carried out a case study involving interviews with 16 software practitioners. Results: We have identified (1) a range of recurring architectural challenges (i.e., highly coupled monolithic architecture, team dependencies, and ever-changing operational environments and tools) and (2) five main architectural principles (i.e., small and independent deployment units, not too much focus on reusability, aggregating logs, isolating changes, and testability inside the architecture) that should be considered when an application is (re-) architected for CD practice. This study also supports that software architecture can better support operations if an operations team is engaged at an early stage of software development for taking operational aspects into considerations. Conclusion: These findings provide evidence that software architecture plays a significant role in successfully and efficiently adopting continuous deployment. The findings contribute to establish an evidential body of knowledge about the state of the art of architecting for CD practice 'File' Atttachments: internal-pdf://1903914556/The Intersection of Continuous Deployment and.pdf Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8868 Author: Smith, N. Year: 2015 Title: Interview [Interview David Wood] Journal: Engineering & Technology Volume: 10 Issue: 2 Pages: 56-59 Short Title: Interview [Interview David Wood] ISSN: 1750-9637 DOI: 10.1049/et.2015.0228 Abstract: DESPITE BEING a main player in the development of software architecture for the smartphone, David Wood prefers to describe himself as the chair of the London Futurists, a meet-up group dedicated to seriously discussing a range of 'desirable outcomes' for society. The world of engineering and technology might know him better for the part he played in the development of mobile computing; Wood's concerns are not with the past, but the future. But sometimes the future starts with a little history. Wood worked on the personal digital assistant (PDA) at Psion, which was Europe's leading manufacturer of handheld computers for several years, and coined the term 'organiser'. Realising the technology that went into making the PDA possible was also suited to a category of technology that could be 'dimly glimpsed', Wood moved on to Symbian, where his "role was in envisaging future smart technology. I was a software architect for many parts of the resulting software system, which became known as Symbian OS". Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 8824 Author: Riebisch, M. and Wohlfarth, S. Year of Conference: 2007 Title: Introducing Impact Analysis for Architectural Decisions Conference Name: 14th Annual IEEE International Conference and Workshops on the Engineering of Computer-Based Systems (ECBS'07) Pages: 381-392 Date: 26-29 March 2007 Short Title: Introducing Impact Analysis for Architectural Decisions DOI: 10.1109/ECBS.2007.46 Keywords: decision making decision theory software architecture software quality task analysis architectural decisions architectural quality contemporary software systems impact analysis refactoring Application software Delay Informatics Process design Software engineering Software systems Uncertainty Reengineering Abstract: Architectural quality constitutes a critical factor for contemporary software systems, especially because of their size and the needs for frequent, quick changes. For success-critical business systems, architectural decisions are of high risk for the market share and even for the existence of enterprises. These decisions are important for design processes as well as for refactoring. Because of the complexity of the decisions, e.g., uncertain, contradicting goals, unknown effects and risky conditions, decision-making is a difficult and risky task. Risks can be minimized if the decisions are made systematically. In an earlier paper, we introduced methods of decision theory to perform such decisions in a rational way. This paper introduces a method for evaluating alternatives of architectural decisions, for both architectural design and refactoring. This method adopts elements of the scenario-based evaluation method ALMA (Bengtsson et al., 2004). A practical example illustrates the application of the improved decision process Notes: framework/process Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9140 Author: Hopgood, A. A. Year of Conference: 1989 Title: An introduction to expert systems Conference Name: IEE Colloquium on Expert Systems for NDT Pages: i/1-i/2 Date: 3 Feb 1989 Short Title: An introduction to expert systems Keywords: expert systems artificial intelligence inference engine intelligent computer system knowledge-based systems Abstract: Expert systems and knowledge-based systems have stemmed from research into artificial intelligence (AI), i.e. the mimicking of human thought processes in a computer. It was proposed that an intelligent computer system should contain some software whose purpose was to control thoughts (the inference engine) and other software representing knowledge (the knowledge base). Computer systems built with this type of software architecture are known as knowledge-based systems. Knowledge-based systems can be used in order to carry out specialized human tasks, mimicking the behaviour of experts in specialized areas. The term expert system was coined to describe such systems Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 7940 Author: Galster, Matthias Year: 2015 Title: Introduction to the ECSA 2015 Workshops Proceedings Conference Name: Proceedings of the 2015 European Conference on Software Architecture Workshops Conference Location: Dubrovnik, Cavtat, Croatia Publisher: ACM Pages: 1-2 DOI: 10.1145/2797433.2797434 Place Published: 2797434 Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8682 Author: Lightner, Sharon and Hartman, Marlene Year: 1989 Title: Inventory of computer software designed for use in the accounting curriculum: Student materials and test banks Journal: Journal of Accounting Education Volume: 3 Issue: 1 Pages: 15-35 Date: //Spring Short Title: Inventory of computer software designed for use in the accounting curriculum: Student materials and test banks ISSN: 0748-5751 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0748-5751(89)90034-1 Abstract: This article reports the results of a survey of accounting textbook publishers identifying software designed for use in the accounting curriculum. Software products are classified into two groups: CAI (computer-assisted instructional) materials and test banks. The survey indicates that most CAI materials are designed for the introductory accounting course and operate on microcomputers. Practice sets are available in greater supply than computerized problems, programmed learning materials, and games. Microcomputer-based products can be used by instructors or students with little or no computer expertise and are designed for ease of implementation. Test banks are available for both mainframe and microcomputers. The tables to this article provide detailed information concerning each of the software products identified in the survey. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0748575189900341 Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 8869 Author: Mordinyi, R., Winkler, D., Ekaputra, F. J., Wimmer, M. and Biffl, S. Year of Conference: 2016 Title: Investigating model slicing capabilities on integrated plant models with AutomationML Conference Name: 2016 IEEE 21st International Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation (ETFA) Pages: 1-8 Date: 6-9 Sept. 2016 Short Title: Investigating model slicing capabilities on integrated plant models with AutomationML DOI: 10.1109/ETFA.2016.7733556 Keywords: XML fault diagnosis large-scale systems management of change program slicing project management quality assurance software architecture software quality software tools AutomationML models change management data exchange engineering disciplines engineering processes fault prevention filtering capabilities heterogeneous engineering environment industrial use cases integrated engineering plant model large-scale systems engineering projects model slicing model-driven engineering Adaptation models Automation Context modeling Data models Information filtering Unified modeling language AutomationML Multi-Disciplinary Engineering Abstract: Typical large-scale systems engineering projects depend on seamless cooperation and data exchange of experts from various engineering domains and organizations that work in a heterogeneous engineering environment. Available software tools support individual engineering disciplines quite well, but they only represent a discipline-specific view on the engineering plant. Consequently, a so-called integrated plant model captures and combines all different views into one representation in order to provide an overarching, discipline-independent view on the engineering plant. However, in order to support effective engineering processes, like change management, stakeholders need to be able to (a) define the scope of their changes they want to merge into the integrated plant model rather than the latest status of their view with various fragile adaptations, and (b) extract only engineering information from integrated plant model which is in the scope of the stakeholders's discipline and interest. In this paper, we describe requirements identified in industrial use cases regarding filtering capabilities on (integrated) engineering plant models and model-driven engineering techniques for model-slicing applied on AutomationML models. The approach contributes to quality assurance and fault-prevention in engineering data since it helps to focus on parts of the engineering plant model relevant in certain engineering processes. Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9286 Author: Garlan, D. Year of Conference: 2011 Title: Invited Talk - Engineering Self-Healing and Self-Improving Systems Conference Name: 2011 Fifth International Conference on Secure Software Integration and Reliability Improvement - Companion Pages: 207-207 Date: 27-29 June 2011 Short Title: Invited Talk - Engineering Self-Healing and Self-Improving Systems DOI: 10.1109/SSIRI-C.2011.35 Keywords: self-adjusting systems software architecture software fault tolerance software maintenance architectural reflection automated repair computing system self-healing system self-improving system software engineering Computational modeling Computer architecture Computer science Maintenance engineering Software autonomic computing self-adaptive systems self-healing systems Abstract: The proliferation of computing systems into every facet of our everyday lives raises a number of challenges for software engineering. Among those, we need to be able to build systems that take more control over their own dependability, security, and usefulness - automating many of the things that now lead to system failures and require computing experts to manage. In this talk I describe new architectural approaches to addressing these challenges, including the ability to support self-healing through architectural reflection and automated repair, and architectures that allow systems to learn new behaviors by observing their users. Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8804 Author: Booch, G. Year: 2007 Title: The Irrelevance of Architecture Journal: IEEE Software Volume: 24 Issue: 3 Pages: 10-11 Short Title: The Irrelevance of Architecture ISSN: 0740-7459 DOI: 10.1109/MS.2007.93 Keywords: program testing software architecture systems analysis design decisions software-intensive system architecture system behavior system life cycle system tests Buildings Computer architecture Economies of scale Life testing Programming profession Project management Quality management Risk management Software testing System testing stakeholder roles Abstract: The architecture of a software-intensive system is largely irrelevant to its end users. Far more important to these stakeholders is the system's behavior, exhibited by raw, naked, running code. Most interesting system tests should be based on the use cases that are identified incrementally over the system's life cycle, the same use cases that the system's architects used to guide their design decisions. Testers can conduct other system tests only after the system's architecture is crisp. Just as analysts use a system's architecture as scaffolding along which to climb and examine the details of every edge, so too can testers use a system's architecture to devise tests that are relevant to the particular texture of that implementation Notes: focus on end user Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8513 Author: Verweij, P. J. F. M., Knapen, M. J. R., de Winter, W. P., Wien, J. J. F., te Roller, J. A., Sieber, S. and Jansen, J. M. L. Year: 2010 Title: An IT perspective on integrated environmental modelling: The SIAT case Journal: Ecological Modelling Volume: 221 Issue: 18 Pages: 2167-2176 Date: 9/10/ Short Title: An IT perspective on integrated environmental modelling: The SIAT case ISSN: 0304-3800 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2010.01.006 Keywords: Software development process Software architecture Modelling Integrated assessment Assessment tool Abstract: Policy makers have a growing interest in integrated assessments of policies. The Integrated Assessment Modelling (IAM) community is reacting to this interest by extending the application of model development from pure scientific analysis towards application in decision making or policy context by giving tools a higher capability for analysis targeted at non-experts, but intelligent users. Many parties are involved in the construction of such tools including modellers, domain experts and tool users, resulting in as many views on the proposed tool. During tool development research continues which leads to advanced understanding of the system and may alter early specifications. Accumulation of changes to the initial design obscures the design, usually vastly increasing the number of defects in the software. The software engineering community uses concepts, methods and practices to deal with ambiguous specifications, changing requirements and incompletely conceived visions, and to design and develop maintainable/extensible quality software. The aim of this paper is to introduce modellers to software engineering concepts and methods which have the potential to improve model and tool development using experiences from the development of the Sustainability Impact Assessment Tool. These range from choosing a software development methodology for planning activities and coordinating people, technical design principles impacting maintainability, quality and reusability of the software to prototyping and user involvement. It is argued that adaptive development methods seem to best fit research projects, that typically have unclear upfront and changing requirements. The break-down of a system into elements that overlap as little as possible in features and behaviour helps to divide the work across teams and to achieve a modular and flexible system. However, this must be accompanied by proper automated testing methods and automated continuous integration of the elements. Prototypes, screen sketches and mock-ups are useful to align the different views, build a shared vision of required functionality and to match expectations. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0304380010000451 Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 8346 Author: Schmalz, Mark S. and Conway, Lynn Year: 2008 Title: It/cs workshop: multimodal, multimedia courseware for teaching technical concepts in humanistic context Conference Name: Proceedings of the 9th ACM SIGITE conference on Information technology education Conference Location: Cincinnati, OH, USA Publisher: ACM Pages: 23-30 DOI: 10.1145/1414558.1414567 Place Published: 1414567 Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8610 Author: Huerta Yero, Eduardo Javier, de Oliveira Lucchese, Fabiano, Sambatti, Francisco Sérgio, von Zuben, Miriam and Amaral Henriques, Marco Aurélio Year: 2005 Title: JoiN: The implementation of a Java-based massively parallel grid Journal: Future Generation Computer Systems Volume: 21 Issue: 5 Pages: 791-810 Date: 5// Short Title: JoiN: The implementation of a Java-based massively parallel grid ISSN: 0167-739X DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.future.2004.12.004 Keywords: Grids Parallel computing Internet computing Abstract: This paper presents JoiN, a Java-based software platform to construct massively parallel grids capable of executing large parallel applications. The system is designed to be scalable by allowing computers in the grid to be separated in independent sets (called groups) which are managed independently and collaborate using a logical interconnection topology. JoiN provides advanced fault tolerance capabilities that allow it to withstand failures both in computers executing parallel tasks and in computers managing the groups. The parallel applications executing in the system are formally specified using a rigorously defined application model. JoiN uses a dynamic, flexible scheduling algorithm that adapts to changes in resource availability and replicates parallel tasks for fault tolerance. The platform provides an authentication/access control mechanism based on roles which is embedded in the inner parts of the system. The software architecture is based on the concept of services, which are independent pieces of software that can be combined in several ways, providing the flexibility needed to adapt to particular environments. JoiN has been successfully used to implement and execute several parallel applications, such as DNA sequencing, Monte Carlo simulations and a version of the Traveling Salesman Problem. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167739X05000026 Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9300 Author: Farenhorst, R., Izaks, R., Lago, P. and Vliet, H. v. Year of Conference: 2008 Title: A Just-In-Time Architectural Knowledge Sharing Portal Conference Name: Seventh Working IEEE/IFIP Conference on Software Architecture (WICSA 2008) Pages: 125-134 Date: 18-21 Feb. 2008 Short Title: A Just-In-Time Architectural Knowledge Sharing Portal DOI: 10.1109/WICSA.2008.20 Keywords: Internet knowledge management portals software architecture software development management architectural knowledge management decision making just-in-time architectural knowledge sharing portal Computer architecture Computer science Conference management Connectors Guidelines Programming architectural knowledge sharing tool support Abstract: In recent years, management of architectural knowledge has become a more prominent theme in software architecture research. Although various specialized tools have been proposed for use in the architecting process, observations show that architects in industry have yet to meet a tool environment that matches their knowledge needs. In order to discover what architectural knowledge needs architects have, we conducted a study in a large organization. In this study we discovered that architects are especially in need for 'just-in-time architectural knowledge'. To fulfill this need we designed and implemented an architectural knowledge sharing portal. Our portal's integrated functionality supports architects in their decision-making process, by providing easy access to the right architectural knowledge at any given point in time. Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9181 Author: Sadkhan, S. B. Year of Conference: 2013 Title: Key note lecture multidisciplinary in cryptology and information security Conference Name: 2013 International Conference on Electrical Communication, Computer, Power, and Control Engineering (ICECCPCE) Pages: 1-2 Date: 17-18 Dec. 2013 Short Title: Key note lecture multidisciplinary in cryptology and information security DOI: 10.1109/ICECCPCE.2013.6998773 Keywords: cryptography computational problems cryptology information security multidisciplinary approach Communication system security Computers Control engineering Educational institutions Wireless communication Abstract: Summary form only given. To reach the high depths of knowledge and expertise which are required nowadays, scientists focus their attention on minute areas of study. However, the most complex problems faced by scientists still need the application of different disciplines to tackle them, which creates a necessity for multi-disciplinary collaboration. Cryptology is naturally multidisciplinary field, drawing techniques from a wide range of disciplines and connections to many different subject areas. In recent years, the connection between algebra and cryptography has tightened, and established computational problems and techniques have been supplemented by interesting new approaches and ideas. Cryptographic engineering is a complicated, multidisciplinary field. It encompasses mathematics (algebra, finite groups, rings, and fields), probability and statistics, computer engineering (hardware design, ASIC, embedded systems, FPGAs) and computer science (algorithms, complexity theory, software design), control engineering, digital signal processing, physics, chemistry, and others. This lecture provides an introduction to the disciplinary, multidisciplinary and their general structure (interdisciplinary, trans-disciplinary, and cross-disciplinary). And it also gives an introduction to the applications of the multidisciplinary approaches to some of the cryptology fields. Also the lecture provides some facts about the importance of the suitability and of the multidisciplinary approaches in different scientific, academic, and technical applications. Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9550 Year of Conference: 2007 Title: Keynote Gruver Conference Name: 2007 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man and Cybernetics Pages: clxviii-clxix Date: 7-10 Oct. 2007 Short Title: Keynote Gruver ISBN: 1062-922X DOI: 10.1109/ICSMC.2007.4413570 Keywords: Application software Collaborative software Communication system security Hardware Intelligent agent Intelligent manufacturing systems Intelligent robots Peer to peer computing Privacy Scalability Abstract: Centralized systems have disadvantages that make them unsuitable for large-scale integration, including lack of scalability, lack of fault tolerance, lack of security and privacy, and communications overhead, resulting in additional expenses for integration and system maintenance. The use of Holonic Intelligence technologies can alleviate these weaknesses. Holonic Intelligence Systems utilize cooperative agents known as Holons, organized in hardware or software components, to independently handle specialized tasks and collaborate to achieve system-wide objectives. These systems distribute hardware resources and processing, and logistical and strategic requirements, to achieve improved scalability, robustness, flexibility, security and privacy, and reduced communications overhead. This lecture describes technologies and applications of Holonic Intelligence that have been developed by the presenter and his colleagues at Intelligent Robotics Corporation in cooperation with students at the iDEA Laboratory of Simon Fraser University, and members of the Holonic Manufacturing Systems Consortium and the SMC Technical Committee on Distributed Intelligent Systems. Holonic Intelligence (HI) Platforms are used to build HI-Nodes that are connected to build HI-Networks in which information can be routed by alternative paths and new nodes can be automatically added to the network without systems reconfiguration. A hardware and software architecture will be described for a Holonic Intelligence Platform that is capable of wireless peer-to-peer communications and agent-based decision making. Applications include automated data collection, asset and personnel tracking, automated meter reading, distributed digital services, inventory management, locally dependent advertising, and distributed energy resource management. Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9282 Author: Xu, B. Year of Conference: 2006 Title: Knowledge Based Micro-Estimation in Task Arrangement for Cooperative Global Software Design Conference Name: 2006 International Conference on Machine Learning and Cybernetics Pages: 682-686 Date: 13-16 Aug. 2006 Short Title: Knowledge Based Micro-Estimation in Task Arrangement for Cooperative Global Software Design ISBN: 2160-133X DOI: 10.1109/ICMLC.2006.258417 Keywords: cost-benefit analysis groupware project management scheduling software cost estimation software development management PERT technique cooperative global software design cost estimation historic project data knowledge based microestimation task arrangement task estimation task scheduling Collaborative software Computer science Costs Cybernetics Delay estimation Educational institutions Internet Machine learning Programming Software design Virtual groups Communication delay Global cooperative software design Knowledge based micro-estimation Abstract: Communication and coordination are main factors impacting global software design. As a result, task estimation and task scheduling should be well performed so as to reduce the impact of communication delay and promote the coordination. Accurate duration and cost estimation is critical so far, there are many variables for accurate estimate of cost or duration including the type of application and domain, the environment, the team organization, people's expertise, the culture involved, and the relationship between all stakeholders. This paper presents a micro-estimation solution based on historic project data so as to well arrange tasks in cooperative global software design. PERT technique has been adopted, and the veracity of the estimation can be identified and adjusted Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8684 Author: Guindon, Raymonde Year: 1990 Title: Knowledge exploited by experts during software system design Journal: International Journal of Man-Machine Studies Volume: 33 Issue: 3 Pages: 279-304 Date: 9// Short Title: Knowledge exploited by experts during software system design ISSN: 0020-7373 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0020-7373(05)80120-8 Abstract: High-level software design is characterized by incompletely specified requirements, no predetermined solution path, and by the integration of multiple domains of knowledge at various levels of abstraction. The application of data-driven knowledge rules characterizes expertise. A verbal protocol study describes these domains of knowledge and how experts exploit their rich knowledge during design. It documents how designers heavily rely on problem domain scenario simulations throughout solution development. These simulations trigger the inferences of new requirements and complete the requirement specification. Designers recognize partial solutions at various levels of abstraction in the design decomposition through the application of data-driven rules. Designers also rely heavily on simulations of their design solutions. but these are shallow, that is, limited to one level of abstraction in the solution. The findings also illustrate how designers capitalize on design methods, notations, and specialized software design schemas. Finally, the study describes how designers exploit powerful heuristics and personalized evaluation criteria to constrain the design process and select a satisfactory solution. Studies, such as this one, help map the road to understanding expertise in complex tasks. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0020737305801208 'File' Attachments: internal-pdf://1528994201/Knowledge exploited by experts during software.pdf Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8401 Author: Figueiredo, Mayara Costa, de Souza, Cleidson R. B., Pereira, Marcelo Zílio, Prikladnicki, Rafael and Audy, Jorge Luis Nicolas Year: 2014 Title: Knowledge transfer, translation and transformation in the work of information technology architects Journal: Information and Software Technology Volume: 56 Issue: 10 Pages: 1233-1252 Date: 10// Short Title: Knowledge transfer, translation and transformation in the work of information technology architects ISSN: 0950-5849 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.infsof.2014.04.001 Keywords: IT architecture Software architecture Architect roles Abstract: AbstractContext Information Technology (IT) architects are the professionals responsible for designing the information systems for an organization. In order to do that, they take into account many aspects and stakeholders, including customers, software developers, the organization’s business, and its current IT infrastructure. Therefore, different aspects influence their work. Objective This paper presents results of research into how IT architects perform their work in practice and how different aspects are taken into account when an information system is developed. An understanding of IT architects’ activities allows us to better support their work. This paper extends our own previous work (Figueiredo et al., 2012) [30] by discussing aspects of knowledge management and tool support. Method A qualitative study was conducted using semi-structured interviews for data collection and grounded theory methods (Strauss and Corbin, 1998) [5] for data analysis. Twenty-seven interviews were conducted with twenty-two interviewees from nine different companies through four cycles of data collection and analysis. Results Companies divide IT architecture activities among different roles. Although these roles receive different names in different organizations, all organizations follow a similar pattern based on 3 roles: enterprise, solutions and software architects. These architects perform both the technical activities related to the IT architecture and the social activities regarding the communication and coordination with other stakeholders and among themselves. Furthermore, current tools used by IT architects lack adequate support for all these aspects. Conclusion The activities of the different IT architects are highly interconnected and have a huge influence in the way the requirements are handled in every phase of the development of an information system. The activities of IT architects are also important for knowledge transfer, translation and transformation, since they receive from and spread information to different groups of stakeholders. We also conclude that they lack appropriate tool support, especially regarding support for their collaborative work. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0950584914000810 'File' Attachments: internal-pdf://2014457079/Knowledge transfer, translation and transforma.pdf Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9055 Author: Carchiolo, V. and Faro, A. Year of Conference: 1990 Title: Knowledge-based approach for parallel software verification Conference Name: COMPEURO'90: Proceedings of the 1990 IEEE International Conference on Computer Systems and Software Engineering - Systems Engineering Aspects of Complex Computerized Systems Pages: 322-328 Date: 8-10 May 1990 Short Title: Knowledge-based approach for parallel software verification DOI: 10.1109/CMPEUR.1990.113641 Keywords: expert systems parallel programming program verification artificial intelligence expert system formal description techniques formal specification knowledge based approach parallel software verification quality software code software design method tool architecture Computer languages Concurrent computing Costs Knowledge based systems Lips Parallel architectures Software design Software quality Telecommunication computing Abstract: The development of parallel-processing software products with the assistance of an expert system is described. This software design method aims at producing quality software code starting from a formal specification, using artificial intelligence techniques. The author describes available FDTs (formal description techniques) and expert systems, pointing out their characteristics and relevance for building an environment for supporting parallel software design. The design methodology used by the author for such a system is presented, and the tool architecture is sketched Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 9453 Author: Mills, K. L. and Gomaa, H. Year: 2002 Title: Knowledge-based automation of a design method for concurrent systems Journal: IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering Volume: 28 Issue: 3 Pages: 228-255 Short Title: Knowledge-based automation of a design method for concurrent systems ISSN: 0098-5589 DOI: 10.1109/32.991319 Keywords: computer aided software engineering diagrams distributed object management entity-relationship modelling expert system shells real-time systems software architecture software tools COBRA CODA CODARTS Concurrent Design Approach for Real-Time Systems Concurrent Object-Based Real-time Analysis automated reasoning automated software engineering concurrent systems dataflow diagrams entity-relationship modeling expert-system shell knowledge representation knowledge-based software engineering metamodel module specifications production rules semantic data model software architecture diagrams software design task behavior specifications Automatic control Data models Design automation Design methodology Expert systems Humans Production systems Real time systems Abstract: This paper describes a knowledge-based approach to automate a software design method for concurrent systems. The approach uses multiple paradigms to represent knowledge embedded in the design method. Semantic data modeling provides the means to represent concepts from a behavioral modeling technique, called Concurrent Object-Based Real-time Analysis (COBRA), which defines system behavior using data/control flow diagrams. Entity-relationship modeling is used to represent a design metamodel based on a design method, called COncurrent Design Approach for Real-Time Systems (CODARTS), which represents concurrent designs as software architecture diagrams, task behavior specifications and module specifications. Production rules provide the mechanism for codifying a set of CODARTS heuristics that can generate concurrent designs based on semantic concepts included in COBRA behavioral models and on entities and relationships included in CODARTS design metamodels. Together, the semantic data model, the entity-relationship model, and the production rules, when encoded using an expert system shell, compose CODA, an automated designer's assistant. CODA is applied to generate 10 concurrent designs for four real-time problems. The paper reports the degree of automation achieved by CODA. The paper also evaluates the quality of generated designs by comparing the similarity between designs produced by CODA and human designs reported in the literature for the same problems. In addition, it compares CODA with four other approaches used to automate software design methods Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 8177 Author: Nakagawa, Elisa Yumi, Becker, Martin, Jos, #233 and Maldonado, Carlos Year: 2012 Title: A knowledge-based framework for reference architectures Conference Name: Proceedings of the 27th Annual ACM Symposium on Applied Computing Conference Location: Trento, Italy Publisher: ACM Pages: 1197-1202 DOI: 10.1145/2245276.2231964 Place Published: 2231964 Abstract: Software architectures play a major role in determining system quality, since they form the backbone of any successful software-intensive system. In this context, reference architectures refer to a special type of software architecture that capture the essence of the system architectures of a given domain, encompassing the knowledge about how to develop, standardize, and evolve systems of that domain. However, in spite of the considerable number of reference architectures available, no good understanding exists regarding knowledge contained in reference architectures. The main contribution of this work is to provide a better understanding of such knowledge and to propose a framework which presents a comprehensive panorama of this knowledge. An analysis of this framework is presented based on a relevant, well-known reference architecture widely used in industry. As its main result, this framework could provide a better understanding of the contents of such architectures, enabling the development of more complete, efficient reference architectures. Notes: just tool Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9337 Author: Schweizer, P. Year of Conference: 1987 Title: Knowledge-based management of failures in autonomous systems Conference Name: Proceedings of the 1987 5th International Symposium on Unmanned Untethered Submersible Technology Volume: 5 Pages: 539-551 Date: Jun 1987 Short Title: Knowledge-based management of failures in autonomous systems DOI: 10.1109/UUST.1987.1158558 Keywords: Air traffic control Banking Communication switching Fault tolerance Flexible manufacturing systems Hardware Knowledge management Satellites System testing Telephony Abstract: This paper presents the design of a fault management system (FMS) for an unmanned and untethered platform. The system must automatically detect, diagnose, localize and reconfigure the system to cope with failures. Traditional fault tolerant approaches used in telephone switching, manned and unmanned satellites, commercial banking, airline reservations, air traffic control, and others are reviewed. Expert system's technology is used to extend these traditional approaches to achieve a highly reliable design capable of sustaining operation over many months with little or no communication. An existing simulator has been modified to allow fault injection and to model fault propagation. This provides a testbed for evaluating system candidates. A specific fault management hardware and software architecture has been selected. Expert system diagnostic rules, which run on the fault tolerant base, are discussed. Diagnostic rule performance in detecting, localizing, and recovering from Autonomous Systems (AS) sensor, actuator, and computer subsystem failures during AS operation is analyzed. Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 7947 Author: Mills, Kevin L. and Gomaa, Hassan Year: 2000 Title: A knowledge-based method for inferring semantic concepts from visual models of system behavior Journal: ACM Trans. Softw. Eng. Methodol. Volume: 9 Issue: 3 Pages: 306-337 Short Title: A knowledge-based method for inferring semantic concepts from visual models of system behavior ISSN: 1049-331X DOI: 10.1145/352591.352594 Legal Note: 352594 Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8471 Author: Hernández, Guillermo Infante, Juan Fuente, Aquilino A., Labra-Gayo, Jose Emilio, Pérez, Benjamín López and Núñez-Valdez, Edward Rolando Year: 2015 Title: Knowledge-based public service transactions: An intelligent model-driven approach in co-learning contexts Journal: Computers in Human Behavior Volume: 51, Part B Pages: 1032-1041 Date: 10// Short Title: Knowledge-based public service transactions: An intelligent model-driven approach in co-learning contexts ISSN: 0747-5632 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2014.09.044 Keywords: Model driven engineering e-government platforms Collaborative learning Layered software architecture Domain experts Knowledge base Abstract: Public administrations pursue the efficiency and quality of administrative services they offer as well as the reduction of time and operational costs in executing service transactions. However, some issues arise when trying to achieve these goals: (a) the lack of procedure formalization to describe public services, (b) a mechanism to guarantee services’ obligatory compliance with frequently changing legal regulations, and (c) the efficient deployment of service transactions in e-government platforms. The aim of this work is to identify the phases of the development cycle of eGovernment transactions and provide the support to automatize them efficiently by using a model driven engineering (MDE) and knowledge-based approach. The main source of the knowledge extraction process comes from a collaborative learning environment where public servants share acquired domain knowledge. A web survey has been conducted to evaluate the approach acceptance degree by software developers and domain experts. The main conclusion is that 61% of the surveyed experts strongly agree that our approach improves actual eGovernment transactions practices and the phases needed to develop them. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0747563214005020 Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 9086 Author: Tsai, J. J. P. Year: 1988 Title: A knowledge-based system for software design Journal: IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications Volume: 6 Issue: 5 Pages: 828-841 Short Title: A knowledge-based system for software design ISSN: 0733-8716 DOI: 10.1109/49.634 Keywords: PROLOG expert systems heuristic programming software tools IBM 4341 computer domain knowledge encoded environment information frame-and-rule oriented requirements language front-end dialogue system functional decomposition inference engine knowledge-based system program transformation process software design heuristic guidelines software system stepwise refinement Artificial intelligence Documentation Knowledge based systems Knowledge engineering Production systems Programming Software design Software development management Software prototyping Software systems Abstract: A knowledge-based system to support software design is presented. The knowledge-based system consists of a frame-and-rule oriented requirements language (FRORL), a knowledge base, an inference engine, and a front-end dialogue system. The FRORL is developed to facilitate the documentation and analysis of a software system. The software design heuristic guidelines (e.g. stepwise refinement, functional decomposition) and the domain knowledge are encoded using Prolog and are stored in a knowledge base. An inference mechanism is implemented to interpret the FRORL specification, that uses the design expertise in the knowledge base to perform a program transformation process. The front-end dialogue system is used to obtain the environment information from users to facilitate the transformation process. The knowledge-based system is implemented in Prolog on an IBM 4341 computer. Results indicate that the system can incrementally accumulate design experience and facilitate the software design process. Examples are also given to illustrate this system Notes: just tool Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8674 Author: Alamán, X., Romero, S., Aguirre, C., Serrahima, P., Muñoz, R., López, V., Dorronsoro, J. and de Pablo, E. Year: 1992 Title: Knowledge-based systems for real-time process control: The MIP project Journal: Annual Review in Automatic Programming Volume: 17 Pages: 391-396 Date: // Short Title: Knowledge-based systems for real-time process control: The MIP project ISSN: 0066-4138 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0066-4138(09)91064-3 Keywords: Expert systems monitoring supervisory control chemical industry real-time computer systems blackboard architecture Abstract: In this paper a detailed description of the MIP project is presented. MIP (Intelligent Process Monitoring) is a Real-Time Expert System that monitors, diagnoses, and generates suggestions in real time about optimization and stability concerning the operation of a petrochemical plant. MIP software architecture is based on the concept of Blackboard. The Blackboard is the central mechanism for information exchange between the modules of the system, being also the only centralized knowledge representation scheme within the system. MIP uses a hierarchical knowledge representation with four levels of abstraction, different knowledge sources being responsible of maintaining each of these levels. MIP is deployed and in current use since March 1991 in an acrylonitrile plant of REPSOL QUIMICA, S.A. at Tarragona (Spain), with a reported success both from the technical and the economical point of view. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0066413809910643 Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8673 Author: Alamán, X., Romero, S., Aguirre, C., Serrahima, P., Muñoz, R., Lόpez, V., Dorronsoro, J. and de Pablo, E. Year: 1992 Title: Knowledge-Based Systems for Real-Time Process Control: The Mip Project Journal: IFAC Proceedings Volumes Volume: 25 Issue: 10 Pages: 391-396 Date: 6// Short Title: Knowledge-Based Systems for Real-Time Process Control: The Mip Project ISSN: 1474-6670 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S1474-6670(17)50852-6 Keywords: Expert systems monitoring supervisory control chemical industry real-time computer systems blackboard architecture Abstract: In this paper a detailed description of the MIP project is presented. MIP (Intelligent Process Monitoring) is a Real-Time Expert System that monitors, diagnoses, and generates suggestions in real time about optimization and stability concerning the operation of a petrochemical plant. MIP software architecture is based on the concept of Blackboard. The Blackboard is the central mechanism for information exchange between the modules of the system, being also the only centralized knowledge representation scheme within the system. MIP uses a hierarchical knowledge representation with four levels of abstraction, different knowledge sources being responsible of maintaining each of these levels. MIP is deployed and in current use since March 1991 in an acrylonitrile plant of REPSOL QUIMICA, S.A. at Tarragona (Spain), with a reported success both from the technical and the economical point of view. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1474667017508526 Reference Type: Book Section Record Number: 8672 Author: Alamán, X., Romero, S., Aguirre, C., Serrahima, P., Muñoz, R., López, V., Dorronsoro, J. and de Pablo, E. Year: 1993 Title: KNOWLEDGE-BASED SYSTEMS FOR REAL-TIME PROCESS CONTROL: THE MIP PROJECT A2 - VERBRUGGEN, H.B Editor: Rodd, M. G. Book Title: Artificial Intelligence in Real-Time Control 1992 Place Published: Oxford Publisher: Pergamon Pages: 391-396 Short Title: KNOWLEDGE-BASED SYSTEMS FOR REAL-TIME PROCESS CONTROL: THE MIP PROJECT A2 - VERBRUGGEN, H.B ISBN: 978-0-08-041898-8 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-08-041898-8.50068-2 Abstract: Abstract In this paper a detailed description of the MIP project is presented. MIP (Intelligent Process Monitoring) is a Real-Time Expert System that monitors, diagnoses, and generates suggestions in real time about optimization and stability concerning the operation of a petrochemical plant. MIP software architecture is based on the concept of Blackboard. The Blackboard is the central mechanism for information exchange between the modules of the system, being also the only centralized knowledge representation scheme within the system. MIP uses a hierarchical knowledge representation with four levels of abstraction, different knowledge sources being responsible of maintaining each of these levels. MIP is deployed and in current use since March 1991 in an acrylonitrile plant of REPSOL QUIMICA, S.A. at Tarragona (Spain), with a reported success both from the technical and the economical point of view. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780080418988500682 Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 8316 Author: Vickery, Christopher and Blain, Tamara Year: 2003 Title: Laboratory options for the computer science major Conference Name: Proceedings of the 2003 workshop on Computer architecture education: Held in conjunction with the 30th International Symposium on Computer Architecture Conference Location: San Diego, California Publisher: ACM Pages: 10 DOI: 10.1145/1275521.1275535 Place Published: 1275535 Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 8108 Author: AlTarawneh, Ragaad, Humayoun, Shah Rukh, Schultz, Johannes, Ebert, Achim and Liggesmeyer, Peter Year: 2015 Title: LayMan: A Visual Interactive Tool to Support Failure Analysis in Embedded Systems Conference Name: Proceedings of the 2015 European Conference on Software Architecture Workshops Conference Location: Dubrovnik, Cavtat, Croatia Publisher: ACM Pages: 1-5 DOI: 10.1145/2797433.2797503 Place Published: 2797503 Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8986 Author: Zhang, W., Tsai, Y. F., Kandemir, M., Vijaykrishnan, N., Irwin, M. J. and De, V. Year: 2005 Title: Leakage-aware compilation for VLIW architectures Journal: IEE Proceedings - Computers and Digital Techniques Volume: 152 Issue: 2 Pages: 251-260 Short Title: Leakage-aware compilation for VLIW architectures ISSN: 1350-2387 DOI: 10.1049/ip-cdt:20045059 Keywords: data flow analysis instruction sets optimising compilers parallel architectures power consumption VLIW architectures activate instructions compiler-based strategy data-flow analysis deactivate instructions leakage-aware compilation sleep signal static power consumption very long instruction word architecture Abstract: Power consumption has been widely recognised as the most important design limiter for continued increase in the number of transistors integrated into a chip. Specifically, static power consumption has emerged as a significant concern in newer technologies with smaller threshold voltages and feature sizes. Addressing this important challenge requires solutions at different levels of a chip design, ranging from improvements in fabrication process to energy-aware software design. The paper shows how a compiler can play an important role in reducing the leakage power consumption. The strategy is built upon a data-flow analysis that identifies basic blocks that do not use a given functional unit. Collecting this information from all basic blocks in the code, it then inserts activate/deactivate instructions in the code to set/reset a sleep signal which controls leakage current of functional units. To evaluate the effectiveness of their strategy, the authors implemented different versions of it using an experimental compiler and simulation environment and conducted experiments using a VLIW (very long instruction word) architecture and several media applications as well as array-intensive codes. Their experimental results show that the proposed compiler-based strategy is very effective in reducing leakage energy of functional units. Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 8259 Author: Landsborough, Jason, Harding, Stephen and Fugate, Sunny Year: 2017 Title: Learning from super-mutants: searching post-apocalyptic software ecosystems for novel semantics-preserving transforms Conference Name: Proceedings of the Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference Companion Conference Location: Berlin, Germany Publisher: ACM Pages: 1529-1536 DOI: 10.1145/3067695.3082525 Place Published: 3082525 Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9072 Author: Douglas, L. Year of Conference: 1999 Title: Learning object-oriented software design at a distance Conference Name: Frontiers in Education Conference, 1999. FIE '99. 29th Annual Volume: 2 Pages: 12C2/24-12C2/27 vol.2 Date: 10-13 Nov. 1999 Short Title: Learning object-oriented software design at a distance ISBN: 0190-5848 DOI: 10.1109/FIE.1999.841630 Keywords: computer science education educational courses object-oriented programming software engineering teaching CRC-card method Internet asynchronous practice collaborative design computer-based simulation approach distance learning facts teaching object-oriented software design education skills teaching Collaboration Computer aided instruction Computer science Feedback Learning systems Object oriented modeling Programming Software design Software performance Abstract: In distance learning, it is more difficult to teach skills than facts. This is particularly so for software analysis and design, which is normally performed as a synchronised group activity. Synchronous activity undermines one of the potential benefits of distance learning; the ability to learn at a time and place that is convenient to the learner. A computer-based simulation approach to learning software design skills, from a distance, is described. The approach allows asynchronous practice in object-oriented design using the CRC-card method. The CRC-card method requires group of designers to role-play the components of an object-oriented design. The approach is intended as a precursor to collaborative design over the Internet. Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9236 Author: Al-Jamimi, H. A. and Ahmed, M. A. Year of Conference: 2014 Title: Learning requirements analysis to software design transformation rules by examples: Limitations of current ILP systems Conference Name: 2014 IEEE 5th International Conference on Software Engineering and Service Science Pages: 54-57 Date: 27-29 June 2014 Short Title: Learning requirements analysis to software design transformation rules by examples: Limitations of current ILP systems ISBN: 2327-0586 DOI: 10.1109/ICSESS.2014.6933513 Keywords: inductive logic programming learning (artificial intelligence) systems analysis ALEPH systems GILPS systems ILP systems analysis design transformation design models machine learning requirements analysis model driven engineering model transformation rules nontrivial task software design transformation rules transformation analysis transformation source Analytical models Engines Joining processes Logic programming Software design Software engineering Model Transformation Requirement Analysis Transformation Rules Abstract: Model transformation is defined as a central concept in model driven engineering. Identifying the transformation rules is nontrivial task, where it might be much easier for the experts to provide examples of the transformations rather than specifying complete and consistent rules. The examples provided by expert represent their knowledge in the domain. Thus, it is much beneficial to utilize a set of examples, i.e. pairs of transformation source and target models, in order to learn transformation rules. Machine learning (ML) techniques proved their ability of learning relations and concepts in various domains. In this paper, we aim to apply Inductive Logic Programming (ILP) for learning the transformation rules between the requirements analysis and software design based on a set of pairs of transformation analysis and design models. ALEPH and GILPS systems have been employed, individually, to induce the intended transformation rules; however the resultant rules don't accommodate the desire transformations. Thus, in this paper we focus on identifying the problem of analysis-design transformation and discussing the derived rules as well as the limitations of the current ILP systems. Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8562 Author: Medlock, Stephanie, Opondo, Dedan, Eslami, Saeid, Askari, Marjan, Wierenga, Peter, de Rooij, Sophia E. and Abu-Hanna, Ameen Year: 2011 Title: LERM (Logical Elements Rule Method): A method for assessing and formalizing clinical rules for decision support Journal: International Journal of Medical Informatics Volume: 80 Issue: 4 Pages: 286-295 Date: 4// Short Title: LERM (Logical Elements Rule Method): A method for assessing and formalizing clinical rules for decision support ISSN: 1386-5056 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijmedinf.2011.01.014 Keywords: Decision support systems, clinical Decision support techniques Health care quality, access, and evaluation Quality assurance Health care Quality indicators Expert systems Knowledge bases Computers Computing methodologies Software design Algorithms Medical informatics Medical audit Abstract: Purpose The aim of this study was to create a step-by-step method for transforming clinical rules for use in decision support, and to validate this method for usability and reliability. Methods A sample set of clinical rules was identified from the relevant literature. Using an iterative approach with a focus group of mixed clinical and informatics experts, a method was developed for assessing and formalizing clinical rules. Two assessors then independently applied the method to a separate validation set of rules. Usability was assessed in terms of the time required and the error rate, and reliability was assessed by comparing the results of the two assessors. Results The resulting method, called the Logical Elements Rule Method, consists of 7 steps: (1) restate the rule proactively; (2) restate the rule as a logical statement (preserving key phrases); (3) assess for conflict between rules; (4) identify concepts which are not needed; (5) classify concepts as crisp or fuzzy, find crisp definitions corresponding to fuzzy concepts, and extract data elements from crisp concepts; (6) identify rules which are related by sharing patients, actions, etc.; (7) determine availability of data in local systems. Validation showed that the method was usable with rules from various sources and clinical conditions, and reliable between users provided that the users agree on a terminology and agree on when the rule will be evaluated. Conclusions A method is presented to assist in assessing clinical rules for their amenability to decision support, and formalizing the rules for implementation. Validation shows that the method is usable and reliable between users. Use of a terminology increases reliability but also the error rate. The method is useful for future developers of systems which offer decision support based on clinical rules. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1386505611000372 Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9057 Author: Wu, B. H. Year of Conference: 2011 Title: Let's enforce a simple visualization rule in Software Architecture Conference Name: International Conference on Information Science and Technology Pages: 427-433 Date: 26-28 March 2011 Short Title: Let's enforce a simple visualization rule in Software Architecture ISBN: 2164-4357 DOI: 10.1109/ICIST.2011.5765283 Keywords: data visualisation software architecture software development management software development life cycle software-centric system visualization rule Computer architecture Hardware Microprogramming Software Software measurement Visualization Abstract: Many software architecture books have been written during the past decade. Taylor et al. have made their latest attempt to settle a standard in their large volume book, Software Architecture: Foundations, Theory, and Practice. As a software development practitioner, the author of this paper, who worked on many software-centric systems in both Aerospace and Telecommunication industries, will provide a unique analysis of software architecture roles in the software development life cycle. Based on the view that the essential purpose of software architecture is to communicate the design of the software to its stakeholders, this paper proposes a simple approach to visualization in software architecture as a rule of thumb to achieve an effective communication in software development. Notes: technique Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8397 Author: Stafford, Tom and Chau, Patrick Y.K. Year: 2008 Title: Letter from the editors Journal: SIGMIS Database Volume: 39 Issue: 2 Pages: 4-5 Short Title: Letter from the editors ISSN: 0095-0033 DOI: 10.1145/1364636.1364637 Legal Note: 1364637 Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 8179 Author: Banerjee, Somo, Mattmann, Chris A., Medvidovic, Nenad and Golubchik, Leana Year: 2005 Title: Leveraging architectural models to inject trust into software systems Conference Name: Proceedings of the 2005 workshop on Software engineering for secure systems—building trustworthy applications Conference Location: St. Louis, Missouri Publisher: ACM Pages: 1-7 DOI: 10.1145/1082983.1083213 Place Published: 1083213 Abstract: Existing software systems have become increasingly durable and their lifetimes have significantly lengthened. They are increasingly distributed and decentralized. Our dependence on them has grown tremendously. As such, the issues of trustworthiness and security have become prime concerns in designing, constructing, and evolving software systems. However, the exact meanings of these concepts are not universally agreed upon, nor is their role in the different phases of the software development lifecycle. In this paper, we argue that trustworthiness is a more broadly encompassing term than security, and that the two are often interdependent. We then identify a set of dimensions of trustworthiness. Finally, we analyze how the key elements of a software system's architecture can be leveraged in support of those trustworthiness dimensions. Our ultimate goal is to apply these ideas in the context of a concrete software architecture project. The goal of this paper is more modest: to understand the problem area and its relation to software architecture. Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8180 Author: Banerjee, Somo, Mattmann, Chris A., Medvidovic, Nenad and Golubchik, Leana Year: 2005 Title: Leveraging architectural models to inject trust into software systems Journal: SIGSOFT Softw. Eng. Notes Volume: 30 Issue: 4 Pages: 1-7 Short Title: Leveraging architectural models to inject trust into software systems ISSN: 0163-5948 DOI: 10.1145/1082983.1083213 Legal Note: 1083213 Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 9239 Author: Mesh, E. S., Burns, G. and Hawker, J. S. Year: 2014 Title: Leveraging Expertise to Support Scientific Software Process Improvement Decisions Journal: Computing in Science & Engineering Volume: 16 Issue: 3 Pages: 28-34 Short Title: Leveraging Expertise to Support Scientific Software Process Improvement Decisions ISSN: 1521-9615 DOI: 10.1109/MCSE.2014.10 Keywords: decision making software maintenance software process improvement SE process improvement activities SciSPIF framework scientific software complexity scientific software process improvement decisions scientific software process improvement framework software construction Communities Encoding Interviews Scientific computing Software development Software engineering computational science software design software engineering process Abstract: As the complexity of scientific software increases, scientists are often expected to be experts in their own domain as well as in the construction and maintenance of their software. To support this paradigm, numerous specialized approaches have emerged. Leveraging the underlying expertise and motivational factors that drive scientific software development practices, the authors are developing a hybrid scientific software process improvement framework (SciSPIF) to allow scientific software developers to "self-drive"' their SE process improvement activities according to their own goals. Here, the authors report on the strategy for designing and building SciSPIF and provide preliminary insights. Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 7941 Author: Grenville, Delia Year: 2010 Title: Lifecycle framework for cross-functional participatory design: case study Conference Name: Proceedings of the 11th Biennial Participatory Design Conference Conference Location: Sydney, Australia Publisher: ACM Pages: 289-291 DOI: 10.1145/1900441.1900513 Place Published: 1900513 Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 9524 Author: Boutaba, R., Golab, W. and Iraqi, Y. Year: 2004 Title: Lightpaths on demand: a Web-services-based management system Journal: IEEE Communications Magazine Volume: 42 Issue: 7 Pages: 101-107 Short Title: Lightpaths on demand: a Web-services-based management system ISSN: 0163-6804 DOI: 10.1109/MCOM.2004.1316540 Keywords: Internet optical fibre networks software architecture telecommunication computing telecommunication network management Web-services-based management system bandwidth-guaranteed tunnels electronic data transfer high-level system functionality installed optical fiber lightpaths multiple independent management domains telecommunications industry user-controlled lightpath management system user-controlled optical networks Circuits Communication industry Costs Multiprotocol label switching Optical fiber networks Resource management SONET Telecommunications Throughput Wavelength division multiplexing Abstract: User-controlled optical networks play a key role in supporting electronic transfer of the enormous volumes of data generated in emerging e-science experiments. The ability of users to manage their own resources enables provisioning of bandwidth-guaranteed tunnels on demand without the costs associated with conventional managed services offered by network providers. However, building high-performance user-controlled networks has only become feasible in the last few years, as trends in the telecommunications industry have made it possible for users to purchase installed optical fiber and light it using their own premises equipment. Consequently, suitable network management technologies have not yet evolved. In particular, there is presently no means for users to easily provision bandwidth-guaranteed tunnels across multiple independent management domains. In this article we present a user-controlled lightpath management system that addresses this problem. We begin by reviewing the high-level functionality of the system. Then we examine the software architecture. Finally, we discuss design challenges faced while building the system and propose future extensions. Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9058 Author: Kim, C. K., Lee, D. H., Ko, I. Y. and Baik, J. Year of Conference: 2007 Title: A Lightweight Value-based Software Architecture Evaluation Conference Name: Eighth ACIS International Conference on Software Engineering, Artificial Intelligence, Networking, and Parallel/Distributed Computing (SNPD 2007) Volume: 2 Pages: 646-649 Date: July 30 2007-Aug. 1 2007 Short Title: A Lightweight Value-based Software Architecture Evaluation DOI: 10.1109/SNPD.2007.507 Keywords: cost-benefit analysis software architecture software performance evaluation LiVASAE analytic hierarchy process cost benefit analysis lightweight value-based software architecture evaluation multicriteria decision making return on investment software engineering Artificial intelligence Computer architecture Decision making Distributed computing Investments Time to market Uncertainty Abstract: Current software engineering practice is focused on value-neutral processes. Value-based architecting, one of value-based software engineering agendas, involves the further consideration of the system objectives associated with different stakeholder values in selecting an optimal architectural alternative. There are several value-based architectural evaluation techniques and cost benefit analysis method (CBAM) is a widely used, established technique based on return on investment (ROI). The weaknesses of the existing techniques are uncertainties from several subjective errors and the heavyweight process, which requires many steps and participation of stakeholders. This paper proposes a lightweight value-based architecture evaluation technique, called LiVASAE, using analytic hierarchy process (AHP), which can support a multi-criteria decision-making process. The proposed technique can help overcome the major weakness of the existing techniques such as the uncertainties caused by subjective decision making and heavy-weight process for architecture evaluations. LiVASAE provides a way to measure the uncertainty level using AHP's consistency rate (CR) and It also provides three simplified evaluation steps. In addition, the LiVASAE presents a framework for decision makers to make technical decisions associated with business goals (or values) such as cost, time-to-market, and integration with legacy system. Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 9132 Author: Geipel, M. M. and Schweitzer, F. Year: 2012 Title: The Link between Dependency and Cochange: Empirical Evidence Journal: IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering Volume: 38 Issue: 6 Pages: 1432-1444 Short Title: The Link between Dependency and Cochange: Empirical Evidence ISSN: 0098-5589 DOI: 10.1109/TSE.2011.91 Keywords: Java software architecture Java software change propagation class dependency cochange characteristic Open source software Software development Modularity open source Abstract: We investigate the relationship between class dependency and change propagation (cochange) in software written in Java. On the one hand, we find a strong correlation between dependency and cochange. Furthermore, we provide empirical evidence for the propagation of change along paths of dependency. These findings support the often alleged role of dependencies as propagators of change. On the other hand, we find that approximately half of all dependencies are never involved in cochanges and that the vast majority of cochanges pertain to only a small percentage of dependencies. This means that inferring the cochange characteristics of a software architecture solely from its dependency structure results in a severely distorted approximation of cochange characteristics. Any metric which uses dependencies alone to pass judgment on the evolvability of a piece of Java software is thus unreliable. As a consequence, we suggest to always take both the change characteristics and the dependency structure into account when evaluating software architecture. Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 8290 Author: Eyers, David, Freudenreich, Tobias, Margara, Alessandro, Frischbier, Sebastian, Pietzuch, Peter and Eugster, Patrick Year: 2012 Title: Living in the present: on-the-fly information processing in scalable web architectures Conference Name: Proceedings of the 2nd International Workshop on Cloud Computing Platforms Conference Location: Bern, Switzerland Publisher: ACM Pages: 1-6 DOI: 10.1145/2168697.2168703 Place Published: 2168703 Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 8966 Author: Pacheco, D., Wierenga, S., Omedas, P., Oliva, L. S., Wilbricht, S., Billib, S., Knoch, H. and Verschure, P. F. M. J. Year of Conference: 2015 Title: A location-based Augmented Reality system for the spatial interaction with historical datasets Conference Name: 2015 Digital Heritage Volume: 1 Pages: 393-396 Date: Sept. 28 2015-Oct. 2 2015 Short Title: A location-based Augmented Reality system for the spatial interaction with historical datasets DOI: 10.1109/DigitalHeritage.2015.7413911 Keywords: augmented reality data visualisation history image reconstruction software architecture geo referenced historical documents guidance components historical 3D reconstruction historical datasets spatial interaction historical files exploration historical files visualization human-data interaction systems location-based augmented reality system narrative generation spatial memory performance Navigation Spatial databases Three-dimensional displays Trajectory Memory Spatial Navigation Abstract: The key role that space and spatial organization of content play in memory has been taken very little into account in the design of human-data interaction systems. Here, we present a location based Augmented Reality application for the exploration and visualization of historical files, which is based on the argument that the embodied interaction with content by moving in the real, physical space will enhance its recollection from memory and comprehension. Our software architecture integrates a historical 3D reconstruction with geo referenced historical documents, as well as specific guidance components for narrative generation. All content of the application database is spatialized and can be navigated in a completely free/exploratory mode or in a passive/guided mode. We present the results of an experiment comparing spatial memory performance in the two modes. Our data confirms previous findings in the spatial navigation literature, suggesting that active exploration of an environment leads to a better spatial understanding of it. Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8969 Author: Lewandowski, J., Arochena, H. E., Naguib, R. N. G., Chao, K. M. and Garcia-Perez, A. Year: 2014 Title: Logic-Centered Architecture for Ubiquitous Health Monitoring Journal: IEEE Journal of Biomedical and Health Informatics Volume: 18 Issue: 5 Pages: 1525-1532 Short Title: Logic-Centered Architecture for Ubiquitous Health Monitoring ISSN: 2168-2194 DOI: 10.1109/JBHI.2014.2312352 Keywords: health care inference mechanisms patient monitoring smart phones ubiquitous computing wearable computers SWS applications customizable wireless interfaces health management intelligent services logic centered architecture plug`n'play capability smart wearable systems smartphone based sensing framework ubiquitous health monitoring user adaptable personal health assistant visual Inference Engine Editor wellness management Artificial intelligence Data processing Engines Monitoring Servers Wireless communication Wireless sensor networks Artificial intelligence (AI) body sensor networks remote monitoring telemedicine 0 Abstract: One of the key points to maintain and boost research and development in the area of smart wearable systems (SWS) is the development of integrated architectures for intelligent services, as well as wearable systems and devices for health and wellness management. This paper presents such a generic architecture for multiparametric, intelligent and ubiquitous wireless sensing platforms. It is a transparent, smartphone-based sensing framework with customizable wireless interfaces and plug`n'play capability to easily interconnect third party sensor devices. It caters to wireless body, personal, and near-me area networks. A pivotal part of the platform is the integrated inference engine/runtime environment that allows the mobile device to serve as a user-adaptable personal health assistant. The novelty of this system lays in a rapid visual development and remote deployment model. The complementary visual Inference Engine Editor that comes with the package enables artificial intelligence specialists, alongside with medical experts, to build data processing models by assembling different components and instantly deploying them (remotely) on patient mobile devices. In this paper, the new logic-centered software architecture for ubiquitous health monitoring applications is described, followed by a discussion as to how it helps to shift focus from software and hardware development, to medical and health process-centered design of new SWS applications. Reference Type: Book Section Record Number: 8485 Author: Squires, David Year: 1987 Title: Logo as a Software Development Language A2 - MOONEN, JEF Editor: Plomp, Tjeerd Book Title: Eurit 86: Developments in Educational Software and Courseware Publisher: Pergamon Pages: 559-565 Short Title: Logo as a Software Development Language A2 - MOONEN, JEF ISBN: 978-0-08-032693-1 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-08-032693-1.50088-5 Abstract: ABSTRACT This paper discusses the role of a computational perspective in the design of educational software; describes a methodology for the design of software in this context; and outlines some development work in this area which is based on Logo. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780080326931500885 Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9084 Author: Traverson, B. Year of Conference: 2011 Title: Looking for a Software Wizard for Architectural Definitions of Information Systems Conference Name: 2011 IEEE 15th International Enterprise Distributed Object Computing Conference Workshops Pages: 81-84 Date: Aug. 29 2011-Sept. 2 2011 Short Title: Looking for a Software Wizard for Architectural Definitions of Information Systems ISBN: 2325-6583 DOI: 10.1109/EDOCW.2011.64 Keywords: object-oriented methods software architecture software tools IS architect design tool evolution management information system software wizard Computer architecture Conferences Reliability Software Transportation Unified modeling language architecture of Information Systems enterprise architecture methodology repository Abstract: Although software architecture plays an important role in maintaining extra-functional properties of an Information System (IS), its choice is essentially based on skill and past experiences of its designers. This paper takes position in favor of an appraisal of a software wizard for architecture definition of IS. Analysis and design tools exist in a sparse way and tackle only partially the problems faced by IS architects. Lack of integration of these kinds of tools could be fulfilled by a set of software wizards federated around an architecture repository that could be also used for evolution management or for education of architects. Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8082 Author: Bastani, Behzad Year: 2010 Title: Low-level dynamic system formation with high-level automation: extending UML in support of UPnP Journal: SIGSOFT Softw. Eng. Notes Volume: 35 Issue: 3 Pages: 1-10 Short Title: Low-level dynamic system formation with high-level automation: extending UML in support of UPnP ISSN: 0163-5948 DOI: 10.1145/1764810.1764817 Legal Note: 1764817 Reference Type: Book Section Record Number: 8557 Author: Silversmith, D. J. Year: 1995 Title: THE M.S. IN ELECTRONICS AND COMPUTER CONTROL SYSTEMS: A STRATEGIC EDUCATIONAL PARTNERSHIP BETWEEN WAYNE STATE UNIVERSITY AND THE FORD MOTOR COMPANY A2 - ICHIKAWA, A Editor: Furuta, K. Book Title: Advances in Control Education 1994 Place Published: Oxford Publisher: Pergamon Pages: 123-124 Short Title: THE M.S. IN ELECTRONICS AND COMPUTER CONTROL SYSTEMS: A STRATEGIC EDUCATIONAL PARTNERSHIP BETWEEN WAYNE STATE UNIVERSITY AND THE FORD MOTOR COMPANY A2 - ICHIKAWA, A ISBN: 978-0-08-042230-5 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-08-042230-5.50035-9 Abstract: EXTENDED ABSTRACT The 1993–1994 academic year commemorates the tenth anniversary of the M. S. in Electronics and Computer Control Systems (ECCS) program. This program is part of an extraordinary strategic partnership between Ford and Wayne State University which was originally established to deal with a severe shortage of microprocessor control system skills among Ford engine designers. These designers, for the most part holders of a B.S. in Mechanical Engineering, faced major challenges in dealing with the pervasive impact of computer control systems to replace mechanical and electro-mechanical systems on gasoline engines. Microprocessor systems were found to be necessary for engine emission control coupled with enhanced performance and fuel economy. The ECCS program was planned to go beyond providing application knowledge for implementation of the EEC chip; the intent was to provide a fundamental knowledge base to provide Ford Engineers with advanced design tools to deal with the pervasive integration of electronic control into virtually every automotive subsystem. The subject material in the course sequence has evolved along with the technology, but the basic structure of the interdisciplinary program, with participation from the departments of Mechanical Engineering, Electrical and Computer Engineering, and Computer Science at WSU, has not changed from when the program was introduced in 1983. The program is continuously scrutinized for prospective improvements not only by WSU faculty, but by a dedicated group of Ford technical managers who serve on both the ECCS Steering Committee and the Curriculum Subcommittee. Currently, most students in the ECCS program come to it from Computer and Electrical Engineering backgrounds, a change from ten years ago. This program provides a leadership role in the development of industry-sited University-based educational activities. Two examples include the introduction of sophisticated interactive Distance Learning techniques for the entire four subject program core, and the parallel introduction of this program for Ford technical staff in England and Germany. The USA program currently enrolls 150 Ford employees in a typical semester, in six subjects, two of which are in the Distance Learning mode of instruction. For 1993–1994, 40 degree recipients are anticipated in the USA, with an additional 20 graduates in Europe. There have been well over 300 graduates in the ECCS program to date, and further moderate growth is likely. In addition to providing a focus on long-term educational development, the program has short-term relevance in enhancing Ford employee productivity. For example, out of seven student group software development projects undertaken in ECE 660, Engineering Software Design (Fall 1992), five projects have been successfully incorporated into the Ford production, management and design procedure. The increased emphasis in the program on project assignments as an instructional tool provides students with real-life opportunities to learn in an industrial environment, as opposed to an academic environment. At the same time, regular WSU faculty see this program as providing them with new learning experiences which are particularly relevant in their attempts to deal with the real-world engineering environment. This experience also allows them to bring to their classes particularly pertinent teaching examples. In order to enhance the educational process, Ford currently arranges to provide over $250,000. each year to regular WSU faculty teaching at Ford sites as part of their normal teaching load. This competitive award activity, which provides from $20,000. to $40,000. for each faculty awardee, gives direct and productive involvement in ongoing Ford research and development activities. This leads to a better faculty appreciation for the technical challenges facing Ford, better classroom examples during instruction, and a superb basis for communication between WSU faculty and Ford students and their technical managers. At the present time the ECCS degree sequence is a thesis optional program, but only a few graduates have pursued this option. One future challenge is a transition to a higher level of M. S. thesis involvement, thereby allowing students to contribute their expertise earlier to Ford specific projects and problems. This will also optimize the communication and learning links between faculty, students and technical staff, further breaking down the barriers between industry and the University. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780080422305500359 Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 7906 Author: Weyns, Danny, Haesevoets, Robrecht, Helleboogh, Alexander, Holvoet, Tom and Joosen, Wouter Year: 2010 Title: The MACODO middleware for context-driven dynamic agent organizations Journal: ACM Trans. Auton. Adapt. Syst. Volume: 5 Issue: 1 Pages: 1-28 Short Title: The MACODO middleware for context-driven dynamic agent organizations ISSN: 1556-4665 DOI: 10.1145/1671948.1671951 Legal Note: 1671951 Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 8870 Author: Fayn, J., Petitjean, F., Selmaoui, N. and Rubel, P. Year of Conference: 1999 Title: Macro-data: a new approach for the development of tele-expertise applications Conference Name: Computers in Cardiology 1999. Vol.26 (Cat. No.99CH37004) Pages: 41-44 Date: 1999 Short Title: Macro-data: a new approach for the development of tele-expertise applications ISBN: 0276-6547 DOI: 10.1109/CIC.1999.825901 Keywords: data models medical expert systems medical information systems meta data simulation languages software architecture software tools telemedicine user centred design user modelling DICOM Expert-Assist software package RTF SCP-ECG UML notation XML language complete software architecture model electronic data interchange generic object components macro-data representation message body instances model-based design patient records semantic representation syntactic representation tele-expertise applications design user-specific model management Application software Cardiology Data handling Disaster management Filling Unified modeling language User interfaces XML Abstract: The aim of this paper is to present new methods for tele-expertise applications design, based on an original concept of macro-data representation, modeling and management. A macro-data is an aggregation of several data types, including signals and images, their semantic and syntactic representation, as well as the syntax of their presentation. It may encapsulate existing standards like RTF, SCP-ECG and DICOM, and may be represented using the XML language for electronic data interchange. The macro-data model-based design facilitates and speeds-up the filling of the patient records, and allows to presence data presentation at the target site. Using the UML notation, we present a complete software architecture model integrating user-specific macro-data models management. The result is the development of an application, based on generic object components, called “Expert-Assist” Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9594 Author: Archuleta, J., Tilevich, E. and Feng, W. c. Year of Conference: 2007 Title: A Maintainable Software Architecture for Fast and Modular Bioinformatics Sequence Search Conference Name: 2007 IEEE International Conference on Software Maintenance Pages: 144-153 Date: 2-5 Oct. 2007 Short Title: A Maintainable Software Architecture for Fast and Modular Bioinformatics Sequence Search ISBN: 1063-6773 DOI: 10.1109/ICSM.2007.4362627 Keywords: biology computing information retrieval parallel processing public domain software sequences software architecture software maintenance basic local alignment search tool bioinformatics sequence search computer cluster maintainable software architecture modular design open-source parallelization software refactoring Application software Bioinformatics Concurrent computing Databases Open source software Packaging Software packages Abstract: Bioinformaticists use the Basic Local Alignment Search Tool (BLAST) to characterize an unknown sequence by comparing it against a database of known sequences, thus detecting evolutionary relationships and biological properties. mpiBLAST is a widely-used, high-performance, open-source parallelization of BLAST that runs on a computer cluster delivering super-linear speedups. However, the Achilles heel of mpiBLAST is its lack of modularity, thus adversely affecting maintainability and extensibility. Alleviating this shortcoming requires an architectural refactoring to improve maintenance and extensibility while preserving high performance. Toward that end, this paper evaluates five different software architectures and details how each satisfies our design objectives. In addition, we introduce a novel approach to using mixin layers to enable mixing-and-matching of modules in constructing sequence-search applications for a variety of high-performance computing systems. Our design, which we call "mixin layers with refined roles", utilizes mixin layers to separate functionality into complementary modules and the refined roles in each layer improve the inherently modular design by precipitating flexible and structured parallel development, a necessity for an open-source application. We believe that this new software architecture for mpiBLAST-2.0 will benefit both the users and developers of the package and that our evaluation of different software architectures will be of value to other software engineers faced with the challenges of creating maintainable and extensible, high-performance, bioinformatics software. Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8571 Author: Shen, Haifeng Year: 2009 Title: Maintaining constraints of UML models in distributed collaborative environments Journal: Journal of Systems Architecture Volume: 55 Issue: 7–9 Pages: 396-408 Date: 7// Short Title: Maintaining constraints of UML models in distributed collaborative environments ISSN: 1383-7621 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sysarc.2009.07.003 Keywords: Collaborative UML modeling Constraint maintenance Constraint violation Embedded software design Model consistency Abstract: Constraint maintenance plays an important role in keeping the integrity and validity of UML models in embedded software design. While constraint maintenance capabilities are reasonably adequate in existing UML modeling applications, little work has been done to address the distributed constraint maintenance issue in multi-user collaborative modeling environments. The nature of the issue is to maintain constraint consistently across distributed sites in a collaborative modeling environment in the face of concurrency. In this paper, we propose a novel solution to this issue, which can retain the effects of all concurrent modeling operations even though they may cause constraint violations. We further contribute a distributed constraint maintenance framework in which the solution is encapsulated as a generic engine that can be mounted in a variety of single-user UML modeling applications to support collaborative UML modeling and distributed constraint maintenance in embedded software design processes. This framework has been implemented in a prototype distributed collaborative UML modeling application CoRSA. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1383762109000496 Access Date: 2009/9// Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9500 Author: Rauscher, K. F., Lai, M. Y., Sneed, E. L. and Liss, R. M. Year of Conference: 1995 Title: Maintaining switching software viability Conference Name: Global Telecommunications Conference, 1995. GLOBECOM '95., IEEE Volume: 3 Pages: 1555-1560 vol.3 Date: 14-16 Nov 1995 Short Title: Maintaining switching software viability DOI: 10.1109/GLOCOM.1995.500287 Keywords: electronic switching systems software maintenance software reliability statistical analysis telecommunication computing telecommunication network reliability AT& T digital switching system SABA methodology black box perspective critical software components faults focused restructure functionality gray box details periodic maintenance software architecture-based analysis switching software viability switching system software Application software Communication system software Computer architecture Computer industry Costs Software quality Software systems Switches Switching systems Abstract: The need for a continuous flow of new functionality in a switch necessitates an approach of focused restructure-periodic maintenance of limited sections of software. Executing a program of focused restructure has historically been a non-precise undertaking for switching systems. This paper describes an approach for establishing more formal guidelines for identifying switching system software that is more likely to contain faults and is hence a candidate for focused restructure. The software architecture-based analysis (SABA) methodology is described. This methodology enlightens the common black box perspective of a large software system with gray box details, applies a dynamic, sophisticated statistical analysis, and produces an expert discrimination of critical software components within their software architecture. Finally, a joint trial of Bellcore's SABA to a large AT&T digital switching system is used to illustrate the approach Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 8906 Author: Steffen, B., Jorges, S., Wagner, C. and Margaria, T. Year of Conference: 2009 Title: Maintenance, or the 3rd dimension of eXtreme model-driven design Conference Name: 2009 IEEE International Conference on Software Maintenance Pages: 483-486 Date: 20-26 Sept. 2009 Short Title: Maintenance, or the 3rd dimension of eXtreme model-driven design ISBN: 1063-6773 DOI: 10.1109/ICSM.2009.5306281 Keywords: customer satisfaction software maintenance extreme model-driven design service orientation software design software development source code system life cycle user requirements Application software Automatic control Computer languages Layout Model driven engineering Programming Software engineering Software systems Abstract: Service orientation leads to a completely new understanding and a much more end-user oriented tailoring of software design. We advocate a new software development paradigm: eXtreme Model-Driven Design (XMDD), designed to continuously involve the customer/application expert throughout the whole system's life cycle, including development and software maintenance. As maintenance is predominantly an adaption to new user requirements or to other global conditions, empowering the application expert would change the scene: Customer/application experts could rapidly adapt the system to their changing requirements. Source code becomes "only" a by-product and the development focuses on the model level. This paper presents a new development paradigm which realizes these ideas. Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9456 Author: Xu, B., Huang, Z. and Wei, O. Year of Conference: 2010 Title: Making Architectural Decisions Based on Requirements: Analysis and Combination of Risk-Based and Quality Attribute-Based Methods Conference Name: 2010 7th International Conference on Ubiquitous Intelligence & Computing and 7th International Conference on Autonomic & Trusted Computing Pages: 392-397 Date: 26-29 Oct. 2010 Short Title: Making Architectural Decisions Based on Requirements: Analysis and Combination of Risk-Based and Quality Attribute-Based Methods DOI: 10.1109/UIC-ATC.2010.74 Keywords: decision making decision support systems inference mechanisms software architecture software quality architectural decisions architectural design linkage quality attribute-based methods quality requirement risk-based reasoning software systems system requirements systematic analysis Cognition Computer architecture Concrete Couplings Software Quality Attribute-Based Method Requirements Abstract: Software architecture is critical to the success of large software systems. It has long been recognized that architectural design has profound impact on the achievement of system requirements. Two typical methods have been proposed to help users to make architectural decisions based on requirements. One method uses risk-based reasoning to help choosing good architectural design that can meet both system requirements and resource limitations, the other one, using quality attribute model as the linkage, enables deriving a fragment of architectural design that is focused on achieving certain quality requirement. However, there is little effort on comparing the two methods to discover similarities and differences. In this paper, we conduct a systematic analysis of the two methods, and compare them from the aspects of system requirements, architectural decisions, and mapping approach. We then propose a procedure to combine the two methods that provides better support to architectural design decision making. Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 9333 Author: Nord, R. L., Ozkaya, I. and Sangwan, R. S. Year: 2012 Title: Making Architecture Visible to Improve Flow Management in Lean Software Development Journal: IEEE Software Volume: 29 Issue: 5 Pages: 33-39 Short Title: Making Architecture Visible to Improve Flow Management in Lean Software Development ISSN: 0740-7459 DOI: 10.1109/MS.2012.109 Keywords: software architecture software development management workflow management software cycle time feature-based high priority functionality flow management lean software management release plan software development work in process Agile manufacturing Computer architecture Product life cycle management Productivity Programming Software management release planning software engineering management waste Abstract: Lean practices use the principle of Little's law to improve the flow of value to the end user by eliminating sources of waste from a software development process. Little's law defines throughput as a ratio of work in process and cycle time. Increasing throughput (or productivity) requires continuously improving (that is, decreasing) cycle time while ensuring that the work-in-process limit doesn't exceed the capacity available to process the work. This article shares experiences regarding the role architecture plays in lean software management practices. Release plans that give as much emphasis to architecturally significant tasks as to feature-based high-priority functionality can achieve better outcomes by avoiding conditions that lead to wasted time and effort. The application of lean software development practices can improve with better practical guidance on how to manage architecture flow as well as feature flow. Notes: development process Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 8115 Author: Kolb, Ronny and Muthig, Dirk Year: 2006 Title: Making testing product lines more efficient by improving the testability of product line architectures Conference Name: Proceedings of the ISSTA 2006 workshop on Role of software architecture for testing and analysis Conference Location: Portland, Maine Publisher: ACM Pages: 22-27 DOI: 10.1145/1147249.1147252 Place Published: 1147252 Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9302 Author: Rodrigues, C. S. C. and Werner, C. M. L. Year of Conference: 2011 Title: Making the comprehension of software architecture attractive Conference Name: 2011 24th IEEE-CS Conference on Software Engineering Education and Training (CSEE&T) Pages: 416-420 Date: 22-24 May 2011 Short Title: Making the comprehension of software architecture attractive ISBN: 1093-0175 DOI: 10.1109/CSEET.2011.5876116 Keywords: Unified Modeling Language computer aided instruction computer science education software architecture 3D visualization UML models VisAr3D approach software architecture attractive software architecture teaching Computer architecture Education Solid modeling Three dimensional displays Visualization Abstract: Visualization stimulates the cognitive capacity of humans and facilitates the understanding of a subject. It performs a crucial role in teaching software architecture. As systems become more complex, new education proposals have been introduced in the classroom, especially those that make teaching more attractive to students. This paper presents the VisAr3D approach which was designed to provide a 3D visualization of UML models, where the user should intuitively understand architectural elements in this 3D environment. It includes exploration, interaction and simulation resources to establish a practical and pleasant learning activity, focusing in large scale systems. Notes: tool development Reference Type: Book Section Record Number: 7805 Author: Chandra Kruse, Leona, Seidel, Stefan and Purao, Sandeep Year: 2016 Title: Making Use of Design Principles Editor: Parsons, Jeffrey, Tuunanen, Tuure, Venable, John, Donnellan, Brian, Helfert, Markus and Kenneally, Jim Book Title: Tackling Society's Grand Challenges with Design Science: 11th International Conference, DESRIST 2016, St. John’s, NL, Canada, May 23-25, 2016, Proceedings Place Published: Cham Publisher: Springer International Publishing Pages: 37-51 Short Title: Making Use of Design Principles ISBN: 978-3-319-39294-3 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-39294-3_3 Label: Chandra Kruse2016 Abstract: This paper reports on the results of a study that investigates how design principles are used in design practice. Design principles have become the predominant way to capture abstract knowledge about the design of information systems (IS) artifacts—and as design science researchers, we expect that practitioners will use these outcomes of our work. Our empirical evidence is drawn from the analysis of spoken-out thought processes of designers as they attempted to use a certain set of design principles in a new context. Through our analysis, we identify five key categories conceptualizing the use of design principles: interpreting scope and content, matching with problem space, guesstimating missing information, projecting into solution space, and implanting into design process. We find that design principles do not shut down degrees of freedom, but rather, channel actions from the designer, who acts in a conscious, deliberative manner to creatively apply the design principles. Through our work, we contribute to (a) our understanding of how design principles are incorporated in design processes, and (b) the emergent stream of research about the formulation of design principles. URL: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-39294-3_3 Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8454 Author: Cortellessa, Vittorio, Mirandola, Raffaela and Potena, Pasqualina Year: 2015 Title: Managing the evolution of a software architecture at minimal cost under performance and reliability constraints Journal: Science of Computer Programming Volume: 98, Part 4 Pages: 439-463 Date: 2/1/ Short Title: Managing the evolution of a software architecture at minimal cost under performance and reliability constraints ISSN: 0167-6423 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scico.2014.06.001 Keywords: Software evolution Software cost Software reliability Software performance Optimization model Abstract: Managing a software architecture after the deployment phase is a very complex task due to frequent changes in the software requirements and environment. The software architecture must evolve in order to tackle such changes. The goal of this paper is to provide support for the decisions that software architects make after deployment. This approach is based on an optimization model whose solution suggests the “best” actions to be taken according to a given change scenario (i.e., a set of new requirements that induce changes in the structural and behavioral aspects of the software architecture). The model aims to minimize the costs while keeping the reliability and the performance of the software architecture within certain thresholds. The approach has been implemented as a framework named SHEPhERd, which is composed of a UML case tool, a model builder and a model solver. We show how SHEPhERd works on a smartphone mobile application example, and we highlight its potential to drive architectural decisions through sensitivity analysis. The achieved results are compared with those obtained by two groups of (human) maintainers composed of experts and non-experts with respect to the system and the execution environment, and we show that SHEPhERd outperforms the human judgment-based approaches. Notes: tool URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167642314002792 Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9358 Author: Chavarriaga, J., Noguera, C., Casallas, R. and Jonckers, V. Year of Conference: 2015 Title: Managing trade-offs among architectural tactics using feature models and feature-solution graphs Conference Name: 2015 10th Computing Colombian Conference (10CCC) Pages: 124-132 Date: 21-25 Sept. 2015 Short Title: Managing trade-offs among architectural tactics using feature models and feature-solution graphs DOI: 10.1109/ColumbianCC.2015.7333406 Keywords: Internet database management systems formal specification software architecture software quality architectural tactics conflicting alternative selection conflicting tactics database-based Web applications design alternatives feature model feature-solution graphs nonconflicting tactics quality attributes trade-off decision trade-off point detection Computer architecture Concurrent computing Databases Feature extraction Redundancy Servers Software Software Product Lines Abstract: In Software Architecture, several approaches focus first on selecting architectural tactics to address quality attributes and later use the corresponding design alternatives to create application architectures. Regrettably, sometimes the alternatives used to improve some quality attributes inhibit or reduce the achievement of others. These conflicts, known as trade-off points, lead to trade-off decisions to solve them. Usually, detection of trade-off points and guidance for trade-off decisions rely on the expertise of software architects. The architect has to (1) identify and analyze the conflict on design alternatives, (2) determine which quality attributes and tactics motivated the selection of conflicting alternatives, and (3) decide about which set of non-conflicting tactics to use. This paper presents an approach based on feature models to help manage trade-offs. It is based on the specification of relationships between architectural tactics and design alternatives that describe, for each tactic, which combination of designs can be used or must not be used. When a set of tactics are selected to implement an architecture, these relationships serve to determine the set of alternatives to use. In addition, they aid to detect trade-off points and determine the tactics to consider in a trade-off decision. We present a formalization of our approach and illustrate it using a case study on tactics and patterns for database-based web applications. Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8010 Author: Liu, Jing, Lutz, Robyn R. and Thompson, Jeffrey M. Year: 2005 Title: Mapping concern space to software architecture: a connector-based approach Journal: SIGSOFT Softw. Eng. Notes Volume: 30 Issue: 4 Pages: 1-5 Short Title: Mapping concern space to software architecture: a connector-based approach ISSN: 0163-5948 DOI: 10.1145/1082983.1083126 Legal Note: 1083126 Notes: (Janet) Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 8011 Author: Liu, Jing, Lutz, Robyn R. and Thompson, Jeffrey M. Year: 2005 Title: Mapping concern space to software architecture: a connector-based approach Conference Name: Proceedings of the 2005 workshop on Modeling and analysis of concerns in software Conference Location: St. Louis, Missouri Publisher: ACM Pages: 1-5 DOI: 10.1145/1082983.1083126 Place Published: 1083126 Notes: (Janet) Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 8921 Author: Heesch, U. v. and Avgeriou, P. Year of Conference: 2011 Title: Mature Architecting - A Survey about the Reasoning Process of Professional Architects Conference Name: 2011 Ninth Working IEEE/IFIP Conference on Software Architecture Pages: 260-269 Date: 20-24 June 2011 Short Title: Mature Architecting - A Survey about the Reasoning Process of Professional Architects DOI: 10.1109/WICSA.2011.42 Keywords: decision making inference mechanisms software architecture industrial software architects mature architecting professional architects reasoning process Cognition Computer architecture Concrete Context Software design reasoning empirical study survey Abstract: Architecting is to a large extent a decision-making process. While many approaches and tools exist to support architects during the various activities of architecting, little guidance exists to support the reasoning part of decision-making. This is partly due to our limited understanding of how professional architects make decisions. We report on findings of a survey that we have conducted with 53 industrial software architects to find out how they reason in real projects. The results of the survey are interpreted with respect to the industrial context and the architecture literature. We derive reasoning best practices that can support especially inexperienced architects with optimizing their decision-making process. 'File' Atttachments: internal-pdf://1373501598/Mature Architecting - A Survey about the Reaso.pdf Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8590 Author: Zhu, Liming, Bui, Ngoc Bao, Liu, Yan and Gorton, Ian Year: 2007 Title: MDABench: Customized benchmark generation using MDA Journal: Journal of Systems and Software Volume: 80 Issue: 2 Pages: 265-282 Date: 2// Short Title: MDABench: Customized benchmark generation using MDA ISSN: 0164-1212 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jss.2006.10.052 Keywords: MDA Model-driven development Performance Testing Code generation Abstract: This paper describes an approach for generating customized benchmark suites from a software architecture description following a Model Driven Architecture (MDA) approach. The benchmark generation and performance data capture tool implementation (MDABench) is based on widely used open source MDA frameworks. The benchmark application is modeled in UML and generated by taking advantage of the existing community-maintained code generation “cartridges” so that current component technology can be exploited. We have also tailored the UML 2.0 Testing Profile so architects can model the performance testing and data collection architecture in a standards compatible way. We then extended the MDA framework to generate a load testing suite and automatic performance measurement infrastructure. This greatly reduces the effort and expertise needed for benchmarking with complex component and Web service technologies while being fully MDA standard compatible. The approach complements current model-based performance prediction and analysis methods by generating the benchmark application from the same application architecture that the performance models are derived from. We illustrate the approach using two case studies based on Enterprise JavaBean component technology and Web services. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0164121206003384 Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 8209 Author: Heller, Florian, Lichtschlag, Leonhard, Wittenhagen, Moritz, Karrer, Thorsten and Borchers, Jan Year: 2011 Title: Me hates this: exploring different levels of user feedback for (usability) bug reporting Conference Name: CHI '11 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems Conference Location: Vancouver, BC, Canada Publisher: ACM Pages: 1357-1362 DOI: 10.1145/1979742.1979774 Place Published: 1979774 Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9640 Author: Braeuer, J. Year of Conference: 2015 Title: Measuring Object-Oriented Design Principles Conference Name: 2015 30th IEEE/ACM International Conference on Automated Software Engineering (ASE) Pages: 882-885 Date: 9-13 Nov. 2015 Short Title: Measuring Object-Oriented Design Principles DOI: 10.1109/ASE.2015.17 Keywords: knowledge based systems object-oriented methods object-oriented programming software quality source code (software) metric-based model object-oriented design rule-based quality reference model software design software development source-code quality Context Object oriented modeling Software engineering Software measurement design model design principles software-design quality softwaredesign assessment method Abstract: The idea of automatizing the assessment of object-oriented design is not new. Different approaches define and apply their own quality models, which are composed of single metrics or combinations thereof, to operationalize software design. However, single metrics are too fine-grained to identify core design flaws and they cannot provide hints for making design improvements. In order to deal with these weaknesses of metric-based models, rules-based approaches have proven successful in the realm of source-code quality. Moreover, for developing a well-designed software system, design principles play a key role, as they define fundamental guidelines and help to avoid pitfalls. Therefore, this thesis will enhance and complete a rule-based quality reference model for operationalizing design principles and will provide a measuring tool that implements these rules. The validation of the design quality model and the measurement tool will be based on various industrial projects. Additionally, quantitative and qualitative surveys will be conducted in order to get validated results on the value of object-oriented design principles for software development. Notes: Tool concept Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 8952 Author: Hamid, N. N. B. and Anwar, T. Year of Conference: 2017 Title: The MedMaps apps: Mobile application for finding, managing and commercialize pharmacy Conference Name: 2017 6th ICT International Student Project Conference (ICT-ISPC) Pages: 1-5 Date: 23-24 May 2017 Short Title: The MedMaps apps: Mobile application for finding, managing and commercialize pharmacy DOI: 10.1109/ICT-ISPC.2017.8075306 Keywords: Web sites medical computing mobile computing pharmaceutical industry pharmaceuticals software architecture MedMaps apps RUP Websites commercialize pharmacy medical product mobile application rational unified process Commercialization Drugs Mobile applications Smart phones Software Tools Unified modeling language Finding and Commercialize Pharmacy MedMaps Mobile Application Requirements & Software Architecture Abstract: Nowadays, there are many inventions of technology, websites and mobile applications that are able to solve real-life problems people were once facing. The scope for this development of mobile application is focusing on medical field in which the purpose is to help people looking for medicine in the nearest pharmacy from their current location. The process of finding pharmacy is not as easy as finding any other shops, especially to locate the pharmacy that is selling the exact medical product that users are looking for. The consequences will be a time consuming and waste of money if they had to drive all away to the wrong pharmacy. That is how the idea of this MedMaps: Mobile Application for Finding, Managing and Commercialize Pharmacy is generated from. This application also provides Pharmacy a platform to commercialize their store and promoting their products. As for public users, they can also manage their pill consumption intake by setting an alarm that will always remind them when to consume the tablets. The development of this application has going through all required phases based on the Rational Unified Process (RUP) software methodology. The analysis had been done and requirements are being documented properly. To ensure the efficiency of the end product, the literature review on existing system and technology are also important. In addition, the decision on the chosen software architecture plays an important role in organizing requirements, maintaining the quality and help supporting this application development. Other than software architecture and the results from requirements elicitation, low-fidelity prototype produced also helps in supporting the construction of this mobile application. Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9607 Author: Abreu, P. C., Botelho, J., Góis, P., Pascoal, A., Ribeiro, J., Ribeiro, M., Rufino, M., Sebastião, L. and Silva, H. Year of Conference: 2016 Title: The MEDUSA class of autonomous marine vehicles and their role in EU projects Conference Name: OCEANS 2016 - Shanghai Pages: 1-10 Date: 10-13 April 2016 Short Title: The MEDUSA class of autonomous marine vehicles and their role in EU projects DOI: 10.1109/OCEANSAP.2016.7485620 Keywords: marine control marine navigation mobile robots motion control multi-robot systems EC-funded marine robotics-related projects EU projects MEDUSA class MEDUSA vehicles autonomous marine vehicles cooperative motion control electrical design marine robotics tools mechanical design mission control system multiple robots multiple vehicle scenarios multiple-vehicle cooperative missions navigation algorithms navigation system software architecture Batteries Navigation Payloads Robots Sensors Vehicles Abstract: This paper describes a new class of autonomous marine vehicles named Medusa and highlights their role in a number of EU projects addressing multiple vehicle scenarios. The MEDUSA vehicles, with surface and diving versions, were designed and built at the Institute for Systems and Robotics, IST, Univ. de Lisboa, Portugal as a result of an effort aimed at affording researchers and practitioners of marine robotics tools to: i) assess the efficacy of cooperative motion control and navigation algorithms and ii) seamlessly execute scientific and commercial missions with multiple robots at sea. We first define the problem of designing the MEDUSA-class of vehicles by describing the desired functional requirements that motivated their development and then present our solution. Mechanical and electrical design considerations that relate to the requirements are explained, and the software architecture is described. This includes a brief overview of the navigation system, the main lower-level control loops which other features can build upon, and some of the higher-level algorithms for multiple-vehicle cooperative missions. We also illustrate the functionality of the mission control system, a dedicated software suite that allows operators to seamlessly program and follow the state of execution of cooperative missions involving multiple vehicles, possibly running different operations or missions in parallel. Finally, we summarize the participation of IST and the MEDUSA vehicles in a number of representative EC-funded Marine Robotics-related projects. Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9540 Author: Cattaneo, P. W. and Sawada, R. Year of Conference: 2010 Title: MEG simulation and analysis software Conference Name: IEEE Nuclear Science Symposuim & Medical Imaging Conference Pages: 1209-1213 Date: Oct. 30 2010-Nov. 6 2010 Short Title: MEG simulation and analysis software ISBN: 1082-3654 DOI: 10.1109/NSSMIC.2010.5873960 Keywords: C++ language FORTRAN high energy physics instrumentation computing nuclear electronics readout electronics C++ FORTRAN 77 GEANT 3 GEANT graphic libraries MEG experiment MEG simulation REM ROME ROOT graphic libraries core offline group detector simulation package GEM event display event generation format conversion human resource muon+ decay into positron+gamma readout simulation Bartender software architecture standard model Analytical models Calibration Databases Detectors Libraries Object oriented modeling Software Abstract: MEG (Mu to Electron Gamma) is an experiment dedicated to search for the μ+ → e+γ decay that is strongly suppressed in the Standard Model. MEG is a small-size experiment (≈ 50-60 physicists at any time) with a life span of about 10 years. The limited human resource available, in particular in the core offline group, emphasized the importance of reusing software and exploiting already existing expertise. Great care has been devoted to provide a simple system that hides implementation details to the average programmer. That allowed many members of the collaboration to contribute to the development of the software of the experiment with limited technical skill. The software architecture is based on two frameworks: REM in FORTRAN 77 used for the event generation and detector simulation package GEM, based on GEANT 3, and ROME in C++ used in the readout simulation Bartender, reconstruction and analysis program Analyzer. Event display in the simulation is realized relying on GEANT graphics libraries and in the reconstruction on ROOT graphics libraries. Data are stored in different formats in various stage of the processing. The frameworks include utilities for input/output and format conversion transparent to the user. Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8566 Author: Petre, Marian Year: 2010 Title: Mental imagery and software visualization in high-performance software development teams Journal: Journal of Visual Languages & Computing Volume: 21 Issue: 3 Pages: 171-183 Date: 6// Short Title: Mental imagery and software visualization in high-performance software development teams ISSN: 1045-926X DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvlc.2009.11.001 Keywords: Software visualization Empirical studies High-performance programming Teamwork Abstract: This paper considers the relationship between mental imagery and software visualization in professional, high-performance software development. It presents overviews of four empirical studies of professional software developers in high-performing teams: (1) expert programmers’ mental imagery, (2) how experts externalize their mental imagery as part of teamwork, (3) experts’ use of commercially available visualization software, and (4) what tools experts build themselves, how they use the tools they build for themselves, and why they build tools for themselves. Through this series of studies, the paper provides insight into a relationship between how experts reason about and imagine solutions, and their use of and requirements for external representations and software visualization. In particular, it provides insight into how experts use visualization in reasoning about software design, and how their requirements for the support of design tasks differ from those for the support of other software development tasks. The paper draws on theory from other disciplines to explicate issues in this area, and it discusses implications for future work in this field. Notes: literature review (or kind of) URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1045926X09000755 Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8639 Author: Petre, Marian and Blackwell, Alan F. Year: 1999 Title: Mental imagery in program design and visual programming Journal: International Journal of Human-Computer Studies Volume: 51 Issue: 1 Pages: 7-30 Date: 7// Short Title: Mental imagery in program design and visual programming ISSN: 1071-5819 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1006/ijhc.1999.0267 Abstract: There is widespread anecdotal evidence that expert programmers make use of visual mental images when they are designing programs. This evidence is used to justify the use of diagrams and visual programming languages during software design. This paper reports the results of two studies. In the first, expert programmers were directly questioned regarding the nature of their mental representations while they were engaged in a design task. This investigative technique was used with the explicit intention of eliciting introspective reports of mental imagery. In the second, users of a visual programming language responded to a questionnaire in which they were asked about cognitive processes. The resulting transcripts displayed a considerable number of common elements. These suggests that software design shares many characteristics of more concrete design disciplines. The reports from participants in the two studies, together with previous research into imagery use, indicate potential techniques for further investigation of software development support tools and design strategies. Notes: included in other work, use most recent URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1071581999902677 Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8638 Author: Far, Behrouz H., Ohmori, Mari, Baba, Takeshi, Yamasaki, Yasukiyo and Koono, Zenya Year: 1996 Title: Merging CASE tools with knowledge-based technology for automatic software design Journal: Decision Support Systems Volume: 18 Issue: 1 Pages: 73-82 Date: 9// Short Title: Merging CASE tools with knowledge-based technology for automatic software design ISSN: 0167-9236 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0167-9236(96)00019-X Keywords: Software design Expert system Specification description language (SDL) CASE tool Abstract: An approach towards developing a Knowledge Based Software Engineering (KBSE) tool by merging a conventional CASE tool with the expert system technology is introduced. This is found useful in assisting human designers. Experimental expert systems CREATOR2 and CREATOR3 are introduced and applied to the design of switching software. The CREATOR2 has the following features: representing software design knowledge, composed of design product knowledge and design process knowledge, using frame technology; and integrating knowledge based reasoning techniques with a SDL CASE tool. CREATOR3 is an extension of the CREATOR2 system. It enables one with additional design schemas for splitting a process, adding events, etc., and additional representation power, such as using pictorial elements and designers' comments in the frame representation. This leads to a uniform modeling and advanced reasoning environment for software design. Experiments on designing switching software are reported. Notes: Tool development URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/016792369600019X Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9497 Author: Galster, M., Tamburri, D. A. and Kazman, R. Year of Conference: 2017 Title: Message from the SODA 2017 Chairs Conference Name: 2017 IEEE International Conference on Software Architecture Workshops (ICSAW) Pages: 169-170 Date: 5-7 April 2017 Short Title: Message from the SODA 2017 Chairs DOI: 10.1109/ICSAW.2017.60 Keywords: Collaboration Computer architecture Conferences Context Organizations Software Software architecture Abstract: Software architecting is about making decisions that have system-wide impact and that shape software product and process alike. While researchers and practitioners have tried to define and scope the role of the architect, social and organizational impacts on the architect and the architecting process are often neglected. The SODA workshop focuses on the social and organizational dimensions in which architects produce their outputs. In contrast to other venues, SODA focuses on the architect in the surrounding organization, and on the architecting process rather than on the architecture as the output of the process. SODA aims to offer a venue for researchers, practitioners and educators in the software architecture community to jointly discuss experiences, forge new collaborations, and explore innovative solutions in this realm. This initial edition of the workshop focuses on two aspects related to the role of the software architect: (1) tasks performed by, and skills required by, architects, (2) the wider social and organizational contexts of the architect. Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8499 Author: Broy, Manfred Year: 2002 Title: Message Sequence Charts in the Development Process — Roles and Limitations Journal: Electronic Notes in Theoretical Computer Science Volume: 65 Issue: 7 Pages: 18-33 Date: 5// Short Title: Message Sequence Charts in the Development Process — Roles and Limitations ISSN: 1571-0661 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S1571-0661(04)80482-1 Abstract: Message Sequence Charts (MSCs) are a technique to describe patterns of interactions between the components of interactive distributed systems by specific diagrams. MSCs have evolved in telecommunication applications and become very popular in the design of software architectures and, generally, of distributed software systems. They are used frequently to describe scenarios of interactions illustrating instances of use cases. Nevertheless, both the semantics of MSCs as a technique of specification and their methodological and technical role in the development process have not been precisely and sufficiently clarified, so far. In this paper, we discuss the systematic application of MSCs in the software development process. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1571066104804821 Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 8057 Author: Bhat, Manoj, Shumaiev, Klym, Biesdorf, Andreas, Hohenstein, Uwe, Hassel, Michael and Matthes, Florian Year of Conference: 2016 Title: Meta-model based framework for architectural knowledge management Conference Name: Proccedings of the 10th European Conference on Software Architecture Workshops Conference Location: Copenhagen, Denmark Publisher: ACM Pages: 1-7 Short Title: Meta-model based framework for architectural knowledge management DOI: 10.1145/2993412.3004848 Place Published: 3004848 Abstract: The need to support a software architect’s day-to-day activities through efficient tool support has been highlighted both in research and industry. However, managing enterprises’ Architectural Knowledge (AK) to support scenarios such as decision making, what-if analysis, and collaboration during the execution of large industrial projects is still a challenge. In this paper, we propose the architecture of an AK management framework to support software architects to manage AK. The components of this framework including SyncPipes and rule engine allow software architects to consolidate projects’ data from disparate sources and to define domain-specific rules to address the challenges in inconsistency analysis, context-sensitive recommendations, and tracking of artifacts within projects. The technical details for realizing the components of the framework are also presented. The proposed AK management framework has been successfully implemented as part of an industrial project and is currently being evaluated in different domains. Notes: not focused on behavior Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 9172 Author: Cheng, T. Year: 2009 Title: Metamodeling for model- based system design Journal: IEEE Design & Test of Computers Volume: 26 Issue: 3 Pages: 2-2 Short Title: Metamodeling for model- based system design ISSN: 0740-7475 DOI: 10.1109/MDT.2009.61 Keywords: formal logic software engineering abstraction mathematical logic metamodeling model-based system design model-driven software design Automatic testing Computational modeling Logic design Machinery Mathematical model Software design System testing Wikipedia IEEE Std 1500 debug design and test test development Abstract: Metamodeling is defined, according to Wikipedia, as the construction of a collection of concepts within a certain domain. A model is an abstraction of phenomena in the real world; a metamodel is yet another abstraction that highlights the properties of the model itself. Metamodeling originated in the field of mathematical logic, and software engineering research has been very actively using this approach for model-driven software design. It has been increasingly used in electronic system design in recent years as a result of our never-ending need to move the abstraction level of design ever higher. Metamodeling tools and methodologies have recently been employed in creating design frameworks for SoCs. Some experts believe that there will be increasing use of metamodels for supporting automated system integration, system test generation, and verification because these models provide information that enable tools to efficiently explore system design alternatives as well as generate verification test benches. Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 7874 Author: Gon, Marcelo Benites, #231, alves, Oquendo, Flavio and Nakagawa, Elisa Yumi Year: 2015 Title: A meta-process to construct software architectures for system of systems Conference Name: Proceedings of the 30th Annual ACM Symposium on Applied Computing Conference Location: Salamanca, Spain Publisher: ACM Pages: 1411-1416 DOI: 10.1145/2695664.2695737 Place Published: 2695737 Abstract: Nowadays, complex software systems tend to be the result of operationally independent, constituent systems working together, arising a new class of software systems called Systems of Systems (SoS). In another perspective, software architectures are essential to promote the success and quality of software systems, even more on SoS. However, the construction of SoS software architectures is typically ad-hoc without well-defined and standardized architecting approaches. In this context, the main contribution of this paper is the proposal of a "Meta-process for SoS Software Architectures" (SOAR), which supports the authoring of processes to construct SoS software architectures. SOAR is also independent of application domains and it is based on a broad, deep literature review as well as knowledge of experts. In order to evaluate the feasibility of SOAR, we conducted a survey with experts in SoS software architecture. The results of this survey indicate a good acceptance of SOAR among experts that also provided insights for improving SOAR. Our intention is to use SOAR as a framework to support the authoring of architecting processes for SoS and, further, to provide specialized versions including architectural decisions for specific application domains. Therefore, in some extent, we hope to contribute to the development projects of the new, important class of SoS software systems. Notes: literature review Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 8148 Author: Serugendo, Giovanna Di Marzo, Fitzgerald, John and Romanovsky, Alexander Year: 2010 Title: MetaSelf: an architecture and a development method for dependable self-* systems Conference Name: Proceedings of the 2010 ACM Symposium on Applied Computing Conference Location: Sierre, Switzerland Publisher: ACM Pages: 457-461 DOI: 10.1145/1774088.1774184 Place Published: 1774184 Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 8026 Author: Hamid, Brahim, Percebois, Christian and Gouteux, Damien Year: 2012 Title: A methodology for integration of patterns with validation purpose Conference Name: Proceedings of the 17th European Conference on Pattern Languages of Programs Conference Location: Irsee, Germany Publisher: ACM Pages: 1-14 DOI: 10.1145/2602928.2603084 Place Published: 2603084 Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9183 Author: Shabalina, O., Sadovnikova, N. and Kravets, A. Year of Conference: 2013 Title: Methodology of Teaching Software Engineering: Game-Based Learning Cycle Conference Name: 2013 3rd Eastern European Regional Conference on the Engineering of Computer Based Systems Pages: 113-119 Date: 29-30 Aug. 2013 Short Title: Methodology of Teaching Software Engineering: Game-Based Learning Cycle DOI: 10.1109/ECBS-EERC.2013.22 Keywords: computer aided instruction computer games computer science education program debugging program testing software engineering computer game conflict resolution debugging domain-specific programming language education process game-based learning cycle learning process open source libraries project management software design software development life cycle software testing teaching team working version control system Computer languages Educational institutions Games Programming profession Software computer learning games software development teaching/learning strategies Abstract: Teaching software engineers presents some specific problems. There are modern approaches that may make the education process easier and more appealing. A remarkably promising example of this is the use of computer games in the teaching and learning process. We suggest a methodology of two-fold use of learning games for teaching software engineers. Students, experienced in programming, develop learning games, and then we use the games that are developed for teaching the next generation of students. After gaining skills in basic subjects these students are involved in the development of new learning games. Teachers in our department play the role of customer, as they are interested in getting new effective tools for teaching and are ready to participate in our work. Students developing games learn all the software development life cycle phases including testing, deployment and maintenance, they contact real customers (teachers of corresponding subjects) and real users (students, learning these subjects). Student teams have developed several games that are used for teaching new students. Students, who participated in game development, gained such important professional skills as software design, testing, debugging and development, working with open source libraries, version controls systems, other modern tools and domain-specific programming languages. Students were also trained in soft skills such as team working, project management, and conflict resolution. Teachers, using games as learning systems, notice an improvement in students' motivation in learning and their will to be involved into the learning process. Our experience of using computer games shows that this approach is very effective for improving students' skills and motivation to study. Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 8119 Author: Power, Ken and Conboy, Kieran Year: 2015 Title: A metric-based approach to managing architecture-related impediments in product development flow: an industry case study from Cisco Conference Name: Proceedings of the Second International Workshop on Software Architecture and Metrics Conference Location: Florence, Italy Publisher: IEEE Press Pages: 15-21 Place Published: 2821331 Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 8924 Author: Shepperd, M. Year of Conference: 1989 Title: A metrics based tool for software design Conference Name: Second International Conference on Software Engineering for Real Time Systems, 1989. Pages: 45-49 Date: 18-20 Sep 1989 Short Title: A metrics based tool for software design Keywords: software reliability software tools systems analysis design metrics design stage intra-system level metrics based tool new architectures potentially problematic designs safety critical systems software design software engineers software tool system architecture system level Abstract: Decision making is an essential part of the design process. Unfortunately, software engineers are frequently forced to make important, and for safety critical systems, vital decisions in the absence of feedback. A software tool is presented which addresses this need for input at the design stage by building a model of the system architecture over which a number of metrics may be defined. At a system level these design metrics enable the characterisation and comparison of differing architectures for the same specification. At an intra-system level the metrics can help pinpoint weaknesses and thus facilitate the generation of new architectures. Empirical work suggests that such measures can be very effective at identifying potentially problematic designs and design components. In addition the tool allows the user to tailor the metrics to his or her specific needs and environment Notes: tool development Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 8095 Author: Zimmermann, Olaf Year: 2015 Title: Metrics for architectural synthesis and evaluation: requirements and compilation by viewpoint: an industrial experience report Conference Name: Proceedings of the Second International Workshop on Software Architecture and Metrics Conference Location: Florence, Italy Publisher: IEEE Press Pages: 8-14 Place Published: 2821330 Abstract: During architectural analysis and synthesis, architectural metrics are established tacitly or explicitly. In architectural evaluation, these metrics then can be consulted to assess whether architectures are fit for purpose and in line with recommended practices and published architectural knowledge. This experience report presents a personal retrospective of the author's use of architectural metrics during 20 years in IT architect roles in professional services as well as research and development. This reflection drives the identification of use cases, critical success factors and elements of risk for architectural metrics management. An initial catalog of architectural metrics is then compiled, which is organized by viewpoints and domains. The report concludes with a discussion of practical impact of architectural metrics and potential research topics in this area. Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8746 Author: Shepperd, M. and Ince, D. Year: 1989 Title: Metrics, outlier analysis and the software design process Journal: Information and Software Technology Volume: 31 Issue: 2 Pages: 91-98 Date: 3// Short Title: Metrics, outlier analysis and the software design process ISSN: 0950-5849 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0950-5849(89)90088-8 Keywords: software design methodologies metrics outlier analysis information flow metric Abstract: The tutorial paper considers the question of how the software designer is to make use of the many design metrics that have been proposed by researchers over the past few years. The activity of software design is an iterative process of decision making. Design methodologies provide qualitative criteria for this decision-making process. In contrast, design metrics claim to provide objective, quantitative guidance. Three application methods for metrics are identified: prediction, quality control, and outlier analysis. Strong evidence is presented to show that, at present, the field of design metrics is only sufficiently mature to allow outlier analysis to be recommended as a useful aid to the software design process. The paper demonstrates this technique by evaluating an example design using the information flow metric. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0950584989900888 Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8353 Author: Chapman, Rod Year: 2007 Title: MF1: security by construction Journal: Ada Lett. Volume: XXVII Issue: 3 Pages: 5-6 Short Title: MF1: security by construction ISSN: 1094-3641 DOI: 10.1145/1315607.1315586 Legal Note: 1315586 Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 8354 Author: Chapman, Rod Year: 2007 Title: MF1: security by construction Conference Name: Proceedings of the 2007 ACM international conference on SIGAda annual international conference Conference Location: Fairfax, Virginia, USA Publisher: ACM Pages: 5-6 DOI: 10.1145/1315580.1315586 Place Published: 1315586 Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 8109 Author: Kildall, Gary A. Year: 1975 Title: Microcomputer software design: a checkpoint Conference Name: Proceedings of the May 19-22, 1975, national computer conference and exposition Conference Location: Anaheim, California Publisher: ACM Pages: 99-106 DOI: 10.1145/1499949.1499970 Place Published: 1499970 Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9213 Author: Ratej, B., Chowdhury, A. and Svecko, R. Year of Conference: 2003 Title: Microwave antenna self-directing system Conference Name: IEEE International Conference on Industrial Technology, 2003 Volume: 2 Pages: 1052-1057 Vol.2 Date: 10-12 Dec. 2003 Short Title: Microwave antenna self-directing system DOI: 10.1109/ICIT.2003.1290808 Keywords: Global Positioning System cellular radio microcontrollers microwave antennas microwave links modems radionavigation user interfaces GPS navigation system GSM modem automatic microwave link communication-navigation unit device reliability electronic compass global system for mobile communications microcontroller system microwave antenna selfdirecting system mobile reporter vehicle radio centre software design state diagrams user interface vehicle position data Built-in self-test GSM Microwave communication Microwave devices Mobile communication Vehicles Abstract: The article describes the synthesis and development of adequate hardware and software for automatic microwave link connection between mobile reporter vehicle and the radio centre. The whole device is built from five components micro-controller system, communication-navigation unit, device driver unit, power supply unit, and user interface. The core of the device is micro-controller system, which is providing all the needed intelligence. The communication-navigation unit is compound from the GSM modem with integrated GPS navigation system and electronic compass. GPS is the source for the vehicle position data, which is not enough for automatic microwave link establishment. Because of that the electronic compass is added. The GSM modem has also a role of communication backup in case when microwave link is not possible to restore. Another important unit is user interface, which is enabling a manipulation with the device. The device has three important operation modes, which are self-testing, microwave link and GSM link mode. Itch operation mode is described with the state-diagrams. By the software design a special care was taken on device reliability. So with the goal to get a reliable device, the algorithms and software for self-testing and error discovering have been developed and implemented. Finally, the functional value of the device has been proven with the laboratory tests. Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 8277 Author: Samarthyam, Ganesh, Suryanarayana, Girish, Sharma, Tushar and Gupta, Shrinath Year: 2013 Title: MIDAS: a design quality assessment method for industrial software Conference Name: Proceedings of the 2013 International Conference on Software Engineering Conference Location: San Francisco, CA, USA Publisher: IEEE Press Pages: 911-920 Place Published: 2486912 Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9601 Author: Samarthyam, G., Suryanarayana, G., Sharma, T. and Gupta, S. Year of Conference: 2013 Title: MIDAS: A design quality assessment method for industrial software Conference Name: 2013 35th International Conference on Software Engineering (ICSE) Pages: 911-920 Date: 18-26 May 2013 Short Title: MIDAS: A design quality assessment method for industrial software ISBN: 0270-5257 DOI: 10.1109/ICSE.2013.6606640 Keywords: expert systems program testing software architecture software performance evaluation software quality CT DC AA MIDAS Siemens Corporate Development Center Asia Australia design analysis tools design assessment practices design quality assessment method expert-based method ility-based quality model industrial software method for intensive design assessments project-specific constraints software applications software architects software design quality software engineering community Analytical models Context Design methodology Manuals Quality assessment Software design software design assessment method Abstract: Siemens Corporate Development Center Asia Australia (CT DC AA) develops and maintains software applications for the Industry, Energy, Healthcare, and Infrastructure & Cities sectors of Siemens. The critical nature of these applications necessitates a high level of software design quality. A survey of software architects indicated a low level of satisfaction with existing design assessment practices in CT DC AA and highlighted several shortcomings of existing practices. To address this, we have developed a design assessment method called MIDAS (Method for Intensive Design ASsessments). MIDAS is an expert-based method wherein manual assessment of design quality by experts is directed by the systematic application of design analysis tools through the use of a three view-model consisting of design principles, project-specific constraints, and an “ility”-based quality model. In this paper, we describe the motivation for MIDAS, its design, and its application to three projects in CT DC AA. We believe that the insights from our MIDAS experience not only provide useful pointers to other organizations and practitioners looking to assess and improve software design quality but also suggest research questions for the software engineering community to explore. Notes: tool development Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 8817 Year of Conference: 1997 Title: MILCOM 97 MILCOM 97 Proceedings Conference Name: MILCOM 97 MILCOM 97 Proceedings Volume: 3 Pages: i Date: 3-5 Nov. 1997 Short Title: MILCOM 97 MILCOM 97 Proceedings DOI: 10.1109/MILCOM.1997.644864 Keywords: Internet antenna arrays asynchronous transfer mode cellular radio data communication encoding expert systems interference suppression military communication modulation multimedia communication personal communication networks protocols satellite communication signal detection signal processing speech processing spread spectrum communication telecommunication network management AI systems ATM traffic management DoD communications Global Broadcast System/Services HF communication MILSATCOM PCS adaptive processing antijam devices coding communication security communication system integration ground communication ground station technology information dissemination information management information security interference rejection interoperability mobile wireless information systems modulation techniques multicasting multiuser mobile communication network management nonlinear processing phased arrays signal classification smart antennas software design tactical Internet video communication wireless networks Abstract: The following topics were dealt with: coding; nonlinear processing and interference rejection; cellular radio and PCS; MILSATCOM and interoperability; commercial and tactical Internet; video and multimedia communication; phased arrays and advanced antennas; data communication; modelling and simulation; information management and distribution; communications relays; architecture and protocols; ATM traffic management; speech processing; modulation techniques; spread spectrum and antijam devices; information dissemination; mobile wireless information systems; software design and applications; smart antennas; interference suppression and multiuser mobile communication; Global Broadcast System/Services; satellite communication; multicasting; HF and ground communication; adaptive processing; communication security; tactical application of commercial PCS and DBS; DoD communications advances; network management and control; wireless networks; communication system integration and modelling; signal detection and classification; information security; ground station technology; expert/AI systems Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 8979 Author: Haqqie, S. and Shahid, A. A. Year of Conference: 2005 Title: Mining Design Patterns for Architecture Reconstruction using an Expert System Conference Name: 2005 Pakistan Section Multitopic Conference Pages: 1-6 Date: 24-25 Dec. 2005 Short Title: Mining Design Patterns for Architecture Reconstruction using an Expert System DOI: 10.1109/INMIC.2005.334464 Keywords: data mining expert systems object-oriented programming software architecture data mining design pattern expert system software architecture reconstruction Computer architecture Documentation Pattern analysis Pattern recognition Software design Software engineering Software systems Design Patterns Forward chaining Pattern Mining Pattern Views Abstract: Software architecture reconstruction is required for many purposes. There exist many approaches to reconstruct the architecture of a system however; they do not extend the extraction process up to the design decisions and the quality attributes of the system. This paper presents a software architecture reconstruction methodology based on pattern mining from the source code using an expert system. From this reconstructed architecture, we extract the design decisions, which lead to the quality attributes of the system Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9214 Author: Knodel, J. and Naab, M. Year of Conference: 2014 Title: Mitigating the Risk of software change in practice: Retrospective on more than 50 architecture evaluations in industry (Keynote paper) Conference Name: 2014 Software Evolution Week - IEEE Conference on Software Maintenance, Reengineering, and Reverse Engineering (CSMR-WCRE) Pages: 2-17 Date: 3-6 Feb. 2014 Short Title: Mitigating the Risk of software change in practice: Retrospective on more than 50 architecture evaluations in industry (Keynote paper) DOI: 10.1109/CSMR-WCRE.2014.6747171 Keywords: management of change reverse engineering risk management software architecture software development management software maintenance architecture evaluation approach change mitigation risk mitigation software change Computer architecture Context Maintenance engineering Measurement Quality assurance Software systems architecture evaluation change empirical evidences experience report Abstract: Architecture evaluation has become a mature instrument to mitigate the risk of software change. It enables decision-making about software systems being changed or being prepared for change. While scientific literature on architecture evaluation approaches is available, publications on practical experiences are rather limited. In this paper, we share our experiences - after having performed more than 50 architecture evaluations for industrial customers in the last decade. We compiled facts and consolidate our findings about the risk of software change and architecture evaluations as a means to mitigate change. We highlight the role of reverse engineering in these projects. In addition, we share our lessons learned and provide data on common beliefs and provide examples for frequently observed misconceptions on the power of reverse engineering. This industrial and practical perspective allows practitioners to benefit from our experience in their daily architecture work and the scientific community to focus their research work on the generalizability of our findings. Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 8127 Author: Al-Obeidallah, Mohammed, Petridis, Miltos and Kapetanakis, Stelios Year: 2017 Title: MLDA: A Multiple Levels Detection Approach for Design Patterns Recovery Conference Name: Proceedings of the International Conference on Compute and Data Analysis Conference Location: Lakeland, FL, USA Publisher: ACM Pages: 33-40 DOI: 10.1145/3093241.3093244 Place Published: 3093244 Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 8856 Author: Pleuss, A. Year of Conference: 2005 Title: MML: a language for modeling interactive multimedia applications Conference Name: Seventh IEEE International Symposium on Multimedia (ISM'05) Pages: 9 pp. Date: 14-14 Dec. 2005 Short Title: MML: a language for modeling interactive multimedia applications DOI: 10.1109/ISM.2005.80 Keywords: Unified Modeling Language interactive systems multimedia systems simulation languages software engineering user interfaces visual languages UML 2.0 application logic multimedia application-oriented multimedia modeling integrated media objects interactive multimedia model-based user interface development model-driven development multimedia application development multimedia modeling language software design user interface design visual modeling language Application software Computer science Informatics Logic Object oriented modeling Abstract: The development of highly interactive multimedia applications is still a challenging and complex task. In addition to the application logic multimedia applications typically provide a sophisticated user interface with integrated media objects. As a consequence, the development process involves different experts for software design, user interface design, and media design. There is still a lack of concepts for a structured development process to integrate these requirements. In this paper we introduce the Multimedia Modeling Language (MML), a visual modeling language supporting the design process in multimedia application development. It is part of a model-driven development approach for multimedia applications. The language is oriented on well-established software engineering concepts, in particular UML 2.0. It integrates the results of two different research lines: application-oriented multimedia modeling and model-based user interface development. In this paper we describe the concepts of the language and present the modeling process with MML. In particular we show how MML aims to integrate the different developer roles in multimedia application design. Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 8014 Author: Lewis, Grace A. Year: 2013 Title: Mobile computing at the edge: keynote summary Conference Name: Proceedings of the 2013 ACM workshop on Mobile development lifecycle Conference Location: Indianapolis, Indiana, USA Publisher: ACM Pages: 29-30 DOI: 10.1145/2542128.2542137 Place Published: 2542137 Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9260 Author: Nishino, H., Kagawa, T. and Utsumiya, K. Year of Conference: 2009 Title: A Mobile Graphics System for Ubiquitous Environment Conference Name: 2009 International Conference on Network-Based Information Systems Pages: 83-90 Date: 19-21 Aug. 2009 Short Title: A Mobile Graphics System for Ubiquitous Environment ISBN: 2157-0418 DOI: 10.1109/NBiS.2009.50 Keywords: client-server systems genetic algorithms graphical user interfaces mobile computing resource allocation solid modelling 3D graphics modeling GUI layouts client-server architecture computing load balancing evolutionary processing interactive genetic algorithm mobile devices mobile graphics system mobile software design rendering ubiquitous environment user interface Computer architecture Computer graphics Power system modeling Rendering (computer graphics) Software design Software prototyping User interfaces Visualization geometric modeling mobile 3D graphics ubiquitous computing Abstract: We describe an intuitive computer graphics creation environment usable on tiny mobile devices. We adopted a 3D modeling method based on interactive genetic algorithm (iGA). It allows users to intuitively produce high quality graphics contents on site by evolving a set of 3D models. The proposed system enables the users to easily design 3D graphics contents by using a mobile device anywhere at any time without sacrificing visual quality. The computing power of the mobile devices is not enough for visualizing realistic 3D objects. We therefore employed client/server architecture for balancing computing loads between a server and a mobile client. The client plays a role for handling user interactions and 3D contents visualization whereas the server is responsible for all heavy computations such as 3D graphics modeling, rendering, and evolutionary processing by iGA. Providing good user interface is a crucial factor for mobile software design. We prototyped multiple GUI layouts and conducted a comparative experiment to figure out a good design approach for mobile 3D graphics system. Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9580 Author: Gehlen, G. and Pham, L. Year of Conference: 2005 Title: Mobile Web services for peer-to-peer applications Conference Name: Second IEEE Consumer Communications and Networking Conference, 2005. CCNC. 2005 Pages: 427-433 Date: 3-6 Jan. 2005 Short Title: Mobile Web services for peer-to-peer applications ISBN: 2331-9852 DOI: 10.1109/CCNC.2005.1405210 Keywords: Internet Java ad hoc networks middleware mobile computing mobile handsets peer-to-peer computing software architecture Java enabled mobile devices ad-hoc systems distributed applications middleware framework mobile Web services peer-to-peer application service oriented architecture Application software IP networks Mobile communication Peer to peer computing Software design Web and internet services Web services Abstract: The role of the service oriented architecture (SOA) is going to he more and more popular in the software design for distributed systems. This middleware framework tries to simplify as much as possible the software architecture of distributed applications. In infrastructure based networks like the Internet the SOA is successfully implemented by XML Web services in a client-server manner. In ad-hoc systems without any infrastructure, the peer-to-peer (P2P) paradigm is attractive. Thus, a Web service realization using the P2P paradigm is promising, since a uniform middleware can be achieved without any constraints of the underlying network and communication paradigm. In this article, we look at a heterogenous environment being composed of mobile nodes with computing and communication capabilities. Each (peer) node equally acts as both, server and client. These nodes provide their services to other nodes in the distributed environment, and they are able to use remote services. We distinguish and discuss different SOA realizations enabling P2P computing and introduce common software architecture for P2P Web services. On this basis, we introduce an implementation of P2P Web services on Java enabled mobile devices. We focus on the server implementation, enabling mobile devices (phones and PDAs) to provide and publish their services. Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9259 Author: Xiang, H. and Bin, L. Year of Conference: 2009 Title: A Mobile-Agent-Based Role Switching Management Mechanism in WSN Conference Name: 2009 International Conference on Computational Intelligence and Software Engineering Pages: 1-4 Date: 11-13 Dec. 2009 Short Title: A Mobile-Agent-Based Role Switching Management Mechanism in WSN DOI: 10.1109/CISE.2009.5365118 Keywords: mobile computing software agents wireless sensor networks inner-cluster role table inter-cluster role table mobile agent role switching management mechanism wireless sensor network Clustering algorithms Distributed computing Engineering management Hardware Mobile agents Protocols Resource management Software design Technology management Abstract: Aiming at the problem of limited resource and unbalanced load in WSN, the paper proposes a novel role switching management mechanism by importing mobile agent. The sensor nodes can be scattered freely, which adapt actual military situation. We design a mobile agent immigrating randomly and working method among inner-cluster and inter-cluster, meanwhile put forward 'inner-cluster role table' and 'inter-cluster role table'. Finally it gives the implementation of hardware design and software design. The result shows this mechanism is viable and efficient. Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 8251 Author: Bouchrika, I., Ait-Oubelli, L., Rabir, A. and Harrathi, N. Year: 2013 Title: Mockup-based navigational diagram for the development of interactive web applications Conference Name: Proceedings of the 2013 International Conference on Information Systems and Design of Communication Conference Location: Lisboa, Portugal Publisher: ACM Pages: 27-32 DOI: 10.1145/2503859.2503864 Place Published: 2503864 Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 7862 Author: Xu, Lihua Year: 2008 Title: Moda - multiple objective decision analysis: balancing quality attributes in software architectures Conference Name: Companion of the 30th international conference on Software engineering Conference Location: Leipzig, Germany Publisher: ACM Pages: 1019-1022 DOI: 10.1145/1370175.1370227 Place Published: 1370227 Abstract: A high-quality software architecture facilitates in developing a high quality software-intensive system. To design such architecture, the architect must consider multiple stakeholders' inconsistent, contradictory, and partially understood objectives, and balance the myriad tradeoffs among them. Our approach proposes to balance quality attributes in software architectures by identify the important-yet-to-be-addressed quality attributes during the design process and provide architecture analysis methods to help compare the resulting architecture candidates with respect to required quality attributes. Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9070 Author: Herpel, H. J., Kerep, M., Li, J., Xie, J., Johansen, B., Kvinnesland, K., Krueger, S. and Barrios, P. Year of Conference: 2016 Title: Model based testing of satellite on-board software — An industrial use case Conference Name: 2016 IEEE Aerospace Conference Pages: 1-9 Date: 5-12 March 2016 Short Title: Model based testing of satellite on-board software — An industrial use case DOI: 10.1109/AERO.2016.7500845 Keywords: aerospace computing program compilers program testing program verification software metrics software performance evaluation abstract test case generation application complexity code generators formal model model based testing satellite on-board software software design software development process software engineering software testing test construction test execution Concrete Satellites Software systems Testing Unified modeling language Abstract: In this paper we describe a Model Based approach to testing of on-board software and compare it with traditional validation strategy currently applied to satellite software. The major problems that software engineering will face over at least the next two decades are increasing application complexity driven by the need for autonomy and serious application robustness. In other words, how do we actually get to declare success when trying to build applications one or two orders of magnitude more complex than today's applications. To solve the problems addressed above the software engineering process has to be improved at least for two aspects: 1) Software design and 2) Software testing. The software design process has to evolve towards model-based approaches with extensive use of code generators. Today, testing is an essential, but time and resource consuming activity in the software development process. Generating a short, but effective test suite usually requires a lot of manual work and expert knowledge. In a model-based process, among other subtasks, test construction and test execution can also be partially automated. The basic idea behind the presented study was to start from a formal model (e.g. State Machines), generate abstract test cases which are then converted to concrete executable test cases (input and expected output pairs). The generated concrete test cases were applied to an on-board software. Results were collected and evaluated wrt. applicability, cost-efficiency, effectiveness at fault finding, and scalability. Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9425 Author: Dib, A. T. E. and Sahnoun, Z. Year of Conference: 2015 Title: Model checking of Multi Agent System architectures using BigMC Conference Name: 2015 Federated Conference on Computer Science and Information Systems (FedCSIS) Pages: 1717-1722 Date: 13-16 Sept. 2015 Short Title: Model checking of Multi Agent System architectures using BigMC DOI: 10.15439/2015F300 Keywords: formal specification multi-agent systems program verification software architecture BDI agent model BDI-MAS architectures BigMC MAS architectures automatic proof tool belief-desire-intention agent model bigraphical reactive systems design process verification dynamic aspects feature specification feature verification formal methods high-level structure model checking multiagent system architectures static aspects system organization Analytical models Computer architecture Formal verification Service-oriented architecture Bigraphical Model Checker Bigraphical Reactive System reconfiguration software architecture description language Abstract: Formal methods offer a great potential for early integration of verification in the design process. These are based on theories and mathematical notations that allow the formal specification of a program and check its implementation. They offer a global vision and a high-level structure and system organization. In addition, the software architecture plays a key role as a pivot point between the requirements of a system and its implementation. In this paper, we present a formal approach based on Bigraphical Reactive Systems for specifying and verifying the main features of the Multi Agent Systems (MAS) architectures based on the Belief-Desire-Intention (BDI) agent model. The proposed approach supports both the static and dynamic aspects of BDI-MAS architectures at different levels of abstraction. Further, we use automatic proof tool BigMc to analyze the specifications and verify system properties. Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9092 Author: Zhang, J., Liu, Y., Sun, J., Dong, J. S. and Sun, J. Year of Conference: 2012 Title: Model Checking Software Architecture Design Conference Name: 2012 IEEE 14th International Symposium on High-Assurance Systems Engineering Pages: 193-200 Date: 25-27 Oct. 2012 Short Title: Model Checking Software Architecture Design ISBN: 1530-2059 DOI: 10.1109/HASE.2012.12 Keywords: formal verification health care libraries software architecture ADL LTS Labeled Transition System TRMCS Wright# architecture description language architecture style library dedicated model checking module formal description formal syntax high level description model checking software architecture design process analysis toolkit software engineering practice system design teleservices and remote medical care system Computer architecture Connectors Semantics Syntactics Model Checking PAT Wright Abstract: Software Architecture plays an essential role in the high level description of a system design. Despite its importance in the software engineering practice, the lack of formal description and verification support hinders the development of quality architectural models. In this paper, we present an automated approach to the modeling and verification of software architecture designs using the Process Analysis Toolkit (PAT). We present the formal syntax of the Wright# architecture description language together with its operational semantics in Labeled Transition System (LTS). A dedicated model checking module for Wright# is implemented in the PAT verification framework based on the proposed formalism. The module - ADL supports verification and simulation of software architecture models in PAT. We advance our work via defining an architecture style library that embodies commonly used architecture patterns to facilitate the modeling process. Finally, a case study of the Teleservices and Remote Medical Care System (TRMCS) modeling and verification is presented to evaluate the effectiveness and scalability of our approach. Notes: tool development Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8995 Author: May, J. H. R. and Lunn, A. D. Year: 1995 Title: A model of code sharing for estimating software failure on demand probabilities Journal: IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering Volume: 21 Issue: 9 Pages: 747-753 Short Title: A model of code sharing for estimating software failure on demand probabilities ISSN: 0098-5589 DOI: 10.1109/32.464546 Keywords: probability program diagnostics program testing safety-critical software statistical analysis code sharing common code execution safety shutdown functions software failure estimation software failure on demand probability software testing statistical software testing model test adequacy notions white box factors Performance evaluation Phase frequency detector Sampling methods Software performance Software reliability Software safety Steady-state Abstract: A statistical software testing model is proposed in which white box factors have a role. The model combines test adequacy notions with statistical analysis, and in so doing provides a rudimentary treatment of dependencies between test results caused by the execution of common code during the tests. The model is used to estimate the probability of failure on demand for software performing safety shutdown functions on large plants and concerns the case where extensive test results are available on the latest version of the software, none of which have resulted in software failure. According to the model, there are circumstances in which some current statistical models for dynamic software testing are too conservative, and others are not conservative, depending on the software architecture Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8707 Author: Zannier, Carmen, Chiasson, Mike and Maurer, Frank Year: 2007 Title: A model of design decision making based on empirical results of interviews with software designers Journal: Information and Software Technology Volume: 49 Issue: 6 Pages: 637-653 Date: 6// Short Title: A model of design decision making based on empirical results of interviews with software designers ISSN: 0950-5849 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.infsof.2007.02.010 Keywords: Design decision Rational decision making Naturalistic decision making Interviewing Abstract: Despite the impact of design decisions on software design, we have little understanding about how design decisions are made. This hinders our ability to provide design metrics, processes and training that support inherent design work. By interviewing 25 software designers and using content analysis and explanation building as our analysis technique, we provide qualitative and quantitative results that highlight aspects of rational and naturalistic decision making in software design. Our qualitative multi-case study results in a model of design decision making to answer the question: how do software designers make design decisions? We find the structure of the design problem determines the aspects of rational and naturalistic decision making used. The more structured the design decision, the less a designer considers options. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0950584907000122 'File' Attachments: internal-pdf://3319608413/A model of design decision making based on emp.pdf Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 8774 Author: Ahmed, F., Capretz, L. F. and Babar, M. A. Year of Conference: 2008 Title: A Model of Open Source Software-Based Product Line Development Conference Name: 2008 32nd Annual IEEE International Computer Software and Applications Conference Pages: 1215-1220 Date: July 28 2008-Aug. 1 2008 Short Title: A Model of Open Source Software-Based Product Line Development ISBN: 0730-3157 DOI: 10.1109/COMPSAC.2008.126 Keywords: public domain software software architecture OSS SPL open source software product line development software product line Application software Asset management Computer applications Computer architecture Educational institutions Information technology Programming Software development management component development process model Abstract: Software product line (SPL) and open source software (OSS) have emerged as successful modes of developing software. There is an increased interest in developing suitable approaches for combining the promised advantages of SPL and OSS. Researchers and practitioners have been emphasizing the need of exploiting the ever growing repositories of OSS components for developing SPLs. However, there is no conceptual model for guiding the process of developing OSS-based SPLs. In this paper, we propose a model for developing software product line using open source software. This paper identifies and elaborates the essential phases and activities of the proposed model of developing OSS-based SPLs. This model emphasizes the vital role of software architecture and asserts that software architectures of OSS can be exploited to establish a SPL. To demonstrate this, we have evaluated Eclipse's architecture for its potential to support different flavors of a system. Notes: Inspects some architecture Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9511 Author: Latimer, J. and Ai-Mei, Chang Year of Conference: 1996 Title: A model of structured discourse for cooperating intelligent agents Conference Name: Proceedings of HICSS-29: 29th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences Volume: 2 Pages: 191-200 vol.2 Date: 3-6 Jan 1996 Short Title: A model of structured discourse for cooperating intelligent agents DOI: 10.1109/HICSS.1996.495398 Keywords: belief maintenance cooperative systems problem solving software agents truth maintenance auditing conflict resolution strategy cooperating intelligent agents discourse protocol distributed AI engineering design information sharing intelligence agents interagent conflicts interagent truth maintenance marketing organizational context product design project planning prototype system software design structured discourse truth maintenance system Artificial intelligence Collaborative software Collaborative work Intelligent agent Online Communities/Technical Collaboration Problem-solving Protocols Prototypes Abstract: Resolution of large problems in an organizational context often requires decomposition of the problem into subproblems which will allow individual agents to work on the subproblem of their expertise and resolve the overall problem through coordination with each other. Examples of such problems include engineering and software design, project planning, product design and marketing, and auditing decisions. We address the issue of designing information sharing and cooperation mechanisms to support intelligent agents in the overall problem resolution process using distributed AI techniques. The central mechanism that renders the subproblems to be relatively independent is the truth maintenance system at the individual agent (intra-agent) level which allows a consistent integration of observations, assumptions, and rules to arrive at propositions regarding a subproblem and allows the member to maintain a non-conflicting set of beliefs. We propose a discourse protocol which allows agents to communicate in a structured fashion and an inter-agent truth maintenance system which allows multiple agents to identify conflicting beliefs. A conflict resolution strategy allows agents to resolve both internal conflicts and most inter-agent conflicts. We illustrate the working of the model and discuss the design of a prototype system Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 8326 Author: D'Ambrogio, Andrea Year: 2005 Title: A model transformation framework for the automated building of performance models from UML models Conference Name: Proceedings of the 5th international workshop on Software and performance Conference Location: Palma, Illes Balears, Spain Publisher: ACM Pages: 75-86 DOI: 10.1145/1071021.1071029 Place Published: 1071029 Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 8213 Author: Iraqi-Houssaini, Mehdi, Kleiner, Mathias and Roucoules, Lionel Year: 2011 Title: Model-based (mechanical) product design Conference Name: Proceedings of the 14th international conference on Model driven engineering languages and systems Conference Location: Wellington, New Zealand Publisher: Springer-Verlag Pages: 548-562 Place Published: 2050711 Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 7976 Author: Lamba, Hemank, Glazier, Thomas J., Schmerl, Bradley, C, Javier, #225, mara, Garlan, David, #252 and Pfeffer, rgen Year: 2016 Title: A model-based approach to anomaly detection in software architectures Conference Name: Proceedings of the Symposium and Bootcamp on the Science of Security Conference Location: Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania Publisher: ACM Pages: 69-71 DOI: 10.1145/2898375.2898401 Place Published: 2898401 Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 8332 Author: Sporer, Harald Year: 2015 Title: A model-based domain-specific language approach for the automotive E/E-System design Conference Name: Proceedings of the 2015 Conference on research in adaptive and convergent systems Conference Location: Prague, Czech Republic Publisher: ACM Pages: 357-362 DOI: 10.1145/2811411.2811533 Place Published: 2811533 Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9484 Author: Schulte, M. Year of Conference: 2005 Title: Model-based integration of reusable component-based avionics systems - a case study Conference Name: Eighth IEEE International Symposium on Object-Oriented Real-Time Distributed Computing (ISORC'05) Pages: 62-71 Date: 18-20 May 2005 Short Title: Model-based integration of reusable component-based avionics systems - a case study ISBN: 1555-0885 DOI: 10.1109/ISORC.2005.34 Keywords: aerospace computing avionics embedded systems fault tolerance object-oriented programming open systems program compilers software architecture software reusability Boeing Bold Stroke initiative DARPA Model-Based Integration of Embedded Software program automated component configuration code generation embedded system requirements product line open system software architecture reusable component-based avionics systems Aerospace electronics Computer architecture Embedded software Embedded system Fault tolerant systems Large-scale systems Real time systems Software systems Abstract: A flight-tested product line open system software architecture developed under the Boeing Bold Stroke initiative has been previously described and presented (DC. Sharp, 2001). This architecture enables a reusable component-based development process for avionics systems to achieve product goals of improved affordability, quality, and system timeliness. For large-scale systems, one very challenging portion of this process is the integration of common and project specific software components into systems that respect cross-cutting embedded system requirements such as hard and soft real-time deadlines, fault tolerance, and distribution. Significant advances in current approaches would result from an integrated approach to explicit modeling of functional behaviors and coupled physical embedded system properties, analysis of these models to ensure that they meet requirements prior to coding, and automated component configuration code generation. How these challenges, requirements and end-state visions for avionics systems are being developed within the DARPA Model-Based Integration of Embedded Software (MoBIES) program has also been previously described and presented (W. Roll, 2002). This presentation expand on those initial experiment descriptions by delineating the experimental process that was used, by providing examples of the MoBIES-enabled development process in practice, the role of domain-specific models, and by presenting initial qualitative and quantitative results. Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 7930 Author: Becker, Steffen, Koziolek, Heiko and Reussner, Ralf Year: 2007 Title: Model-Based performance prediction with the palladio component model Conference Name: Proceedings of the 6th international workshop on Software and performance Conference Location: Buenes Aires, Argentina Publisher: ACM Pages: 54-65 DOI: 10.1145/1216993.1217006 Place Published: 1217006 Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8795 Author: Cortellessa, V., Goseva-Popstojanova, K., Kalaivani, Appukkutty, Guedem, A. R., Hassan, A., Elnaggar, R., Abdelmoez, W. and Ammar, H. H. Year: 2005 Title: Model-based performance risk analysis Journal: IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering Volume: 31 Issue: 1 Pages: 3-20 Short Title: Model-based performance risk analysis ISSN: 0098-5589 DOI: 10.1109/TSE.2005.12 Keywords: Unified Modeling Language electronic commerce formal specification risk analysis safety-critical software software fault tolerance software performance evaluation annotated UML diagrams e-commerce applications functional failure analysis model-based performance risk analysis nonfunctional software risky software components safety-critical systems Application software Computer Society Failure analysis Feedback Software design Software performance Software safety Software systems Functional Failure Analysis. Index Terms- Nonfunctional requirements UML performance failure software risk Abstract: Performance is a nonfunctional software attribute that plays a crucial role in wide application domains spreading from safety-critical systems to e-commerce applications. Software risk can be quantified as a combination of the probability that a software system may fail and the severity of the damages caused by the failure. In this paper, we devise a methodology for estimation of performance-based risk factor, which originates from violations, of performance requirements, (namely, performance failures). The methodology elaborates annotated UML diagrams to estimate the performance failure probability and combines it with the failure severity estimate which is obtained using the functional failure analysis. We are thus able to determine risky scenarios as well as risky software components, and the analysis feedback can be used to improve the software design. We illustrate the methodology on an e-commerce case study using step-by step approach, and then provide a brief description of a case study based on large real system. Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9572 Author: Chen, L., Babar, M. A. and Liang, H. Year of Conference: 2010 Title: Model-Centered Customizable Architectural Design Decisions Management Conference Name: 2010 21st Australian Software Engineering Conference Pages: 23-32 Date: 6-9 April 2010 Short Title: Model-Centered Customizable Architectural Design Decisions Management ISBN: 1530-0803 DOI: 10.1109/ASWEC.2010.31 Keywords: computer aided analysis software architecture ADD AK architectural knowledge fixed data models model centered customizable architectural design decisions management software architecture process Australia Conference management Data models Engineering management Knowledge management Programming Research and development management Software development management Software engineering Architectural design decisions customizability Abstract: Architectural Design Decisions (ADD) form a key element of Architectural Knowledge (AK), which plays a vital role in the software architecture process. To help manage ADDs, several tools have been proposed. However, most of them have prescribed fixed data models to be followed and do not provide sufficient customizability. Mismatches between a tool's data model and users' specific needs make the tool less usable, or even unusable. We propose a highly customizable solution that enables users to define specialized ADD models according to the specific needs of their individual preferences and working situations to achieve perfect fitness between the required model by users and the provided model by the tool. The results of the initial evaluation of the proposed solution are encouraging. Notes: ADDs, not behavior Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 8096 Author: Skene, James and Emmerich, Wolfgang Year: 2003 Title: A model-driven approach to non-functional analysis of software architectures Conference Name: Proceedings of the 18th IEEE International Conference on Automated Software Engineering Conference Location: Montreal, Quebec, Canada Publisher: IEEE Press Pages: 236-239 DOI: 10.1109/ase.2003.1240311 Place Published: 3106122 Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 7979 Author: Perovich, Daniel, Bastarrica, Maria Cecilia and Rojas, Cristian Year: 2009 Title: Model-Driven approach to Software Architecture design Conference Name: Proceedings of the 2009 ICSE Workshop on Sharing and Reusing Architectural Knowledge Publisher: IEEE Computer Society Pages: 1-8 DOI: 10.1109/shark.2009.5069109 Place Published: 1556971 Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9613 Author: Perovich, D., Bastarrica, M. C. and Rojas, C. Year of Conference: 2009 Title: Model-Driven approach to Software Architecture design Conference Name: 2009 ICSE Workshop on Sharing and Reusing Architectural Knowledge Pages: 1-8 Date: 16-16 May 2009 Short Title: Model-Driven approach to Software Architecture design DOI: 10.1109/SHARK.2009.5069109 Keywords: object-oriented programming software architecture software quality systems analysis enterprise application model transformation model-driven engineering software architecture design software development software system design software system quality attribute Application software Computer architecture Design for quality Design methodology Model driven engineering Programming Proposals Software design Software systems Abstract: Software Architecture (SA) allows for early assessment of and design for quality attributes of a software system, and it plays a critical role in current software development. However, there is no consensus on fundamental issues such as design methods and representation organization and languages, and current proposals lack specificity and preciseness. Thus, it is extremely difficult to build a complete and appropriate software architecture, even though it is recognized as a fundamental artifact. In this paper we define an architecture design method that enables the systematic and assisted construction of the SA of enterprise applications, taking into account major quality attributes involved in this family of systems. We apply Model-Driven Engineering techniques to achieve this goal. The architecture is treated as a mega-model (a model composed of related models) and the application of design decisions is encoded in terms of model transformations. The architectural rationale is explicitly registered as the set of transformations that yields the complete SA from scratch. We illustrate the application of the approach by designing the SA of a case study from the literature. Notes: Framework/Model Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9480 Author: Kasal, K., Heurix, J. and Neubauer, T. Year of Conference: 2011 Title: Model-Driven Development Meets Security: An Evaluation of Current Approaches Conference Name: 2011 44th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences Pages: 1-9 Date: 4-7 Jan. 2011 Short Title: Model-Driven Development Meets Security: An Evaluation of Current Approaches ISBN: 1530-1605 DOI: 10.1109/HICSS.2011.310 Keywords: security of data software engineering abstraction level model-driven development security issues software design software system security Analytical models Computer architecture Object oriented modeling Protocols Security Software systems Unified modeling language Abstract: Although our society is critically dependent on software systems, these systems are mainly secured by protection mechanisms during operation instead of considering security issues during software design. Deficiencies in software design are the main reasons for security incidents, resulting in severe economic consequences for (i) the organizations using the software and (ii) the development companies. Lately, model-driven development has been proposed in order to increase the quality and thereby the security of software systems. This paper evaluates current efforts that position security as a fundamental element in model-driven development, highlights their deficiencies and identifies current research challenges. The evaluation shows that applying special-purpose methods to particular aspects of the problem is more suitable than applying generic ones, since (i) the problem can be represented on the proper abstraction level, (ii) the user can build on the knowledge of experts, and (iii) the available tools are more efficient and powerful. Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9339 Author: Shih, C., Wu, C. T., Lin, C. Y., Hsiung, P. A., Hsueh, N. L., Chang, C. H., Koong, C. S. and Chu, W. C. Year of Conference: 2009 Title: A Model-Driven Multicore Software Development Environment for Embedded System Conference Name: 2009 33rd Annual IEEE International Computer Software and Applications Conference Volume: 2 Pages: 261-268 Date: 20-24 July 2009 Short Title: A Model-Driven Multicore Software Development Environment for Embedded System ISBN: 0730-3157 DOI: 10.1109/COMPSAC.2009.148 Keywords: embedded systems multiprogramming object-oriented programming program compilers program verification software architecture MDA design flow SysML standard notation embedded processor hardware architecture model driven architecture model-driven multicore software development environment multicore embedded software architecture multicore embedded software design multicore programming source code generation verifiable embedded real-time application framework Application software Computer architecture Debugging Embedded software Embedded system Hardware Multicore processing Programming Software design Software libraries Abstract: Multi-core programming is no more a luxury; it is now a necessity, because even embedded processors are becoming multi-core. However, the state-of-the-art techniques such as OpenMP and the Intel Threading Building Block (TBB) library are far from user-friendly due to the tedious work needed in explicitly designing multi-core programs and debugging. At the present days, a solution for above problems will be that to enhance the abstract level of multicore embedded software design. By leveraging on the expertise gained from Verifiable Embedded Real-Time Application Framework (VERTAF), we propose a Multi-Core version of VERTAF, called VERTAF/ Multi-core (VMC in short). VMC is an integrated development environment for multi-core embedded software architecture. Developers would be able to 1. describe their system requirements with SysML by using this environment, 2. model their design with SysML standard notation, 3. automatically apply a pattern structure into their design for a high quality multicore embedded system, 4. generate source code through a well-designed model; 5. map to different hardware architecture as assigned by the model, and 6. finally we can test the code.Using the model driven architecture (MDA) design flow in SysML, we saw a significantly improvement on productivity and quality of a multicore embedded programming over traditional approach. Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 8981 Author: Ali, A., Jawawi, D. N. A. and Isa, M. A. Year of Conference: 2014 Title: Modeling and calculation of scenarios reliability in component-based software systems Conference Name: 2014 8th. Malaysian Software Engineering Conference (MySEC) Pages: 160-165 Date: 23-24 Sept. 2014 Short Title: Modeling and calculation of scenarios reliability in component-based software systems DOI: 10.1109/MySec.2014.6986007 Keywords: finite state machines object-oriented programming software cost estimation software reliability specification languages automated railcar system component-based software systems computation cost finite state machine scenario modeling scenario reliability scenario specification language software architecture specification Computational modeling Mathematical model Reliability engineering Software systems architecture-based prediction component-based software scenario-based reliability software quality Abstract: System scenarios that derived from system design specification play an important role in the reliability engineering of component-based software systems. A great deal of research effort has been devoted to predict the reliability of a system at the design-time, only few papers address the challenges of modeling and calculation of scenarios reliability. This paper identifies various challenges related to scenario modeling at the early design stages based on software architecture specification. It discusses the truncation and modeling methods of scenarios, the related computation cost, and their effect on the approach scalability, which has been missed by most of the current approaches. The paper proposes a modeling and calculation approach that, pragmatically, models and divides scenarios by a scenario specification language and finite state machine. It utilizes mathematical formulas for the calculations. The proposed work can be used as part of the reliability prediction approach to model and calculate the reliability of scenarios. We demonstrate the applicability of our approach by modeling and calculating scenarios reliability of an automated railcar system. Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8833 Author: Yu, W., Yan, C. G., Ding, Z., Jiang, C. and Zhou, M. Year: 2016 Title: Modeling and Verification of Online Shopping Business Processes by Considering Malicious Behavior Patterns Journal: IEEE Transactions on Automation Science and Engineering Volume: 13 Issue: 2 Pages: 647-662 Short Title: Modeling and Verification of Online Shopping Business Processes by Considering Malicious Behavior Patterns ISSN: 1545-5955 DOI: 10.1109/TASE.2014.2362819 Keywords: Internet Petri nets application program interfaces electronic commerce formal verification retail data processing security of data TPP application programming interfaces e-commerce business process net formal method incremental modeling method malicious behavior patterns malicious clients merchant API online shopping business process modeling online shopping business process verification process design time requirement analysis phase security issue security vulnerabilities software design third-party payment platforms Business Data models Protocols Security Vectors Business process e-commerce online shopping trustworthiness verification Abstract: Recently, online shopping integrating third-party payment platforms (TPPs) introduces new security challenges due to complex interactions between Application Programming Interfaces (APIs) of Merchants and TPPs. Malicious clients may exploit security vulnerabilities by calling APIs in an arbitrary order or playing various roles. To deal with the security issue in the early stages of system development, this paper presents a formal method for modeling and verification of online shopping business processes with malicious behavior patterns considered based on Petri nets. We propose a formal model called E-commerce Business Process Net to model a normal online shopping business process that represent intended functions, and malicious behavior patterns representing a potential attack that violates the security goals at the requirement analysis phase. Then, we synthesize the normal business process and malicious behavior patterns by an incremental modeling method. According to the synthetic model, we analyze whether an online shopping business process is resistant to the known malicious behavior patterns. As a result, our approach can make the software design provably secured from the malicious attacks at process design time and, thus, reduces the difficulty and cost of modification for imperfect systems at the release phase. We demonstrate our approach through a case study. Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9030 Author: Tang, A. and Vliet, H. van Year of Conference: 2009 Title: Modeling constraints improves software architecture design reasoning Conference Name: 2009 Joint Working IEEE/IFIP Conference on Software Architecture & European Conference on Software Architecture Pages: 253-256 Date: 14-17 Sept. 2009 Short Title: Modeling constraints improves software architecture design reasoning DOI: 10.1109/WICSA.2009.5290813 Keywords: formal specification software architecture alloy tool constraint verification design constraints specification fundamental mechanisms software architecture design reasoning Australia Coherence Decision making Humans Logic design Process design Psychology Shape memory alloys Software design Abstract: Requirements and project-related factors influence architectural design in intricate and multivariate ways. We are only beginning to understand some of the tacit but fundamental mechanisms involved in reasoning about design decisions, and one of them concerns the role of design constraints. This paper examines design constraints and how they shape design solutions. We introduce a design constraint model and an architectural design reasoning process for specifying design constraints and checking for design conflicts. We experiment with using logic for constraint verification with the alloy tool. Notes: tool development Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 8799 Author: Reza, H. and Ogaard, K. Year of Conference: 2011 Title: Modeling of UAS Swarms Using Dynamic and Re-Configurable Software Architecture Conference Name: 2011 21st International Conference on Systems Engineering Pages: 377-382 Date: 16-18 Aug. 2011 Short Title: Modeling of UAS Swarms Using Dynamic and Re-Configurable Software Architecture DOI: 10.1109/ICSEng.2011.75 Keywords: software architecture Darwin architecture description language UAS swarms dynamic software architecture mission critical systems reconfigurable software architecture Adaptation models Availability Computer architecture Connectors Software ADLs Blackboard Systems Darwin Distributed Blackboard Archiecture Dynamic Software Archiecture Abstract: The decentralized operation of a UAS swarm in mission-critical systems would have significant advantages over the centralized operation of a single UAS with respect to system-wide quality attributes. The design of UAS swarms demands close attention to the system-wide qualities such as reliability, availability, performance, and adaptability. Software architecture of a system has shown to play an important role in the realization of these qualities. In this paper, three important control architectures for UAS swarms systems are evaluated according to the system-wide quality attributes such as reliability, availability, performance, and adaptability. The digital pheromone control architecture is selected as an optimal solution satisfying the above criteria. More specifically, the three-tier architectural style provides a context in which quality attributes such as reliability, availability, performance, and adaptability are realized. The proposed three-tier software architecture is then specified in the Darwin architecture description language. Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9176 Author: Pedraza-García, G., Astudillo, H. and Correal, D. Year of Conference: 2014 Title: Modeling Software Architecture Process with a Decision-Making Approach Conference Name: 2014 33rd International Conference of the Chilean Computer Science Society (SCCC) Pages: 1-6 Date: 8-14 Nov. 2014 Short Title: Modeling Software Architecture Process with a Decision-Making Approach ISBN: 1522-4902 DOI: 10.1109/SCCC.2014.27 Keywords: business data processing decision making software architecture BPMN architectural decisions architectural views as-is process definition business process management notation decision making activities decision making process modeling software architecture process software architecture design processes software system system stakeholders to-be process transformation Computer architecture Process control Security Stakeholders decision-making approach software architecture design Abstract: The architecture of a software system is the result of balancing concerns expressed by system stakeholders using a decision-making process. Several industrial approaches have been proposed that recognize the importance of architectural decisions and their rationale, but most do not provide mechanisms to systematically formalize and manage this decision-making. This article proposes a strategy to enrich the activities of software architecture design, by using Business Process Management Notation (BPMN) in a clear, structured and consistent manner to keep the focus on decisions. This strategy consists of (1) an "as-is" process definition, analysis and improvement of the original process, and (2) a "to-be" process transformation, allowing to derive an enriched process. The approach is illustrated using the security perspective to architectural views in Rozanski and Wood's V&P method. This approach is a step towards the systematic consideration of software architecture design processes as decision-making activities. Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8086 Author: Littlewood, Bev, Popov, Peter and Strigini, Lorenzo Year: 2001 Title: Modeling software design diversity: a review Journal: ACM Comput. Surv. Volume: 33 Issue: 2 Pages: 177-208 Short Title: Modeling software design diversity: a review ISSN: 0360-0300 DOI: 10.1145/384192.384195 Legal Note: 384195 Abstract: Design diversity has been used for many years now as a means of achieving a degree of fault tolerance in software-based systems. While there is clear evidence that the approach can be expected to deliver some increase in reliability compared to a single version, there is no agreement about the extent of this. More importantly, it remains difficult to evaluate exactly how reliable a particular diverse fault-tolerant system is. This difficulty arises because assumptions of independence of failures between different versions have been shown to be untenable: assessment of the actual level of dependence present is therefore needed, and this is difficult. In this tutorial, we survey the modeling issues here, with an emphasis upon the impact these have upon the problem of assessing the reliability of fault-tolerant systems. The intended audience is one of designers, assessors, and project managers with only a basic knowledge of probabilities, as well as reliability experts without detailed knowledge of software, who seek an introduction to the probabilistic issues in decisions about design diversity. Notes: more introduction than research Reference Type: Book Section Record Number: 7848 Author: Soliman, Mohamed and Riebisch, Matthias Year: 2014 Title: Modeling the Interactions between Decisions within Software Architecture Knowledge Editor: Avgeriou, Paris and Zdun, Uwe Book Title: Software Architecture: 8th European Conference, ECSA 2014, Vienna, Austria, August 25-29, 2014. Proceedings Place Published: Cham Publisher: Springer International Publishing Pages: 33-40 Short Title: Modeling the Interactions between Decisions within Software Architecture Knowledge ISBN: 978-3-319-09970-5 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-09970-5_3 Label: Soliman2014 Abstract: Software architecture is developed as a result of a selection process for software architectural solutions. The complexity, diversity and evolution nature of architectural solutions’ interactions forces the architect to make critical design decisions based only on his own experience. Even though, the same design problem has already been addressed by another architect in a similar situation. In this paper, we are presenting a model for reusable software architectural knowledge to support the architect within the design process in understanding the relationship between the different architectural solutions, and how they impact the architectural design reasoning. In addition, the model acts as a base for organizational software architectural knowledge sharing. Our contribution in this paper is classifying and modeling the solutions and decisions’ interactions, as well as how the design decision can be used as a reusable element for sharing the architectural experience. URL: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-09970-5_3 Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 8801 Author: Szlenk, M., Zalewski, A. and Kijas, S. Year of Conference: 2012 Title: Modelling Architectural Decisions under Changing Requirements Conference Name: 2012 Joint Working IEEE/IFIP Conference on Software Architecture and European Conference on Software Architecture Pages: 211-214 Date: 20-24 Aug. 2012 Short Title: Modelling Architectural Decisions under Changing Requirements DOI: 10.1109/WICSA-ECSA.212.31 Keywords: decision making software architecture software maintenance system documentation architectural decision documenting architectural decision modelling changing requirement decision making process graphical modelling notation software architecture documention software architecture evolution software architecture maintenance Computer architecture Context Context modeling Lead Software architectural decisions graphical models requirement changes Abstract: One of the approaches for documenting software architecture is to treat it as a set of architectural design decisions. Such decisions are always made in the context of requirements that must be fulfilled and in the context of decisions that were made before. Currently, models for representing architectural decisions are mainly concentrated on showing the decision making process of the initial architectural design. However, decisions that have been made in such a process may need to be changed during further evolution and maintenance of the software architecture, typically in response to the new or changed requirements. A graphical modelling notation for documenting architectural decisions (Maps of Architectural Decisions) has been developed by our team. In this paper, it is presented how this notation could be used to model architectural decisions under changing requirements. It is proposed how one decision change could be effectively propagated through the rest of the architectural decision model and how a rigorous and tool-supported process of updating such models could be organized. Notes: tool for ADDs Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8478 Author: Woods, Eoin and Bashroush, Rabih Year: 2015 Title: Modelling large-scale information systems using ADLs – An industrial experience report Journal: Journal of Systems and Software Volume: 99 Pages: 97-108 Date: 1// Short Title: Modelling large-scale information systems using ADLs – An industrial experience report ISSN: 0164-1212 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jss.2014.09.018 Keywords: Architecture description language Software architecture discovery Industrial experience report Abstract: An organisation that had developed a large information system wanted to embark on a programme that would involve large-scale evolution of it. As a precursor to this, it was decided to create a comprehensive architectural description to capture and understand the system's design. This undertaking faced a number of challenges, including a low general awareness of software modelling and software architecture practices. The approach taken by the software architects tasked with this project included the definition of a simple, very specific, architecture description language. This paper reports our experience of the project and a simple ADL that we created as part of it. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0164121214002052 Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9331 Author: Singh, Y. and Sood, M. Year of Conference: 2009 Title: Models and Transformations in MDA Conference Name: 2009 First International Conference on Computational Intelligence, Communication Systems and Networks Pages: 253-258 Date: 23-25 July 2009 Short Title: Models and Transformations in MDA DOI: 10.1109/CICSYN.2009.52 Keywords: Unified Modeling Language software architecture EJB specific model UML class model model driven architecture platform independent model platform specific model software design approach software development approaches source code Application software Computational intelligence Computer architecture Computer languages Information technology Programming Software design Software maintenance Software systems Abstract: Model driven architecture (MDA) is a software design approach initiated by OMG. Models, Modeling, and model driven architecture are the basis for a set of software development approaches known as model-driven development (MDD). Models are the central artifacts in MDA, which aim at transformation from platform independent to platform dependent models, and eventually to executable source code. Therefore, model transformation plays key roles in making MDA successful. The effective application of the MDA based software development approach subscribes to automated execution of software model transformations. This paper highlights various classifications and salient features of prominent model transformation approaches for transforming PIM to PSM and provides an insight into the complete transformation process with the help of a real-life example. A summary of rules of transforming UML class model into EJB specific model is also given. Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 8064 Author: Sharifloo, Amir Molzam Year: 2015 Title: Models for Self-Adaptive Systems Conference Name: Proceedings of the 2015 European Conference on Software Architecture Workshops Conference Location: Dubrovnik, Cavtat, Croatia Publisher: ACM Pages: 1-5 DOI: 10.1145/2797433.2797457 Place Published: 2797457 Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 8828 Author: Pitarys, M. J. Year of Conference: 1990 Title: Modular embedded computer software for advanced avionics systems Conference Name: IEEE Conference on Aerospace and Electronics Pages: 628-633 vol.2 Date: 21-25 May 1990 Short Title: Modular embedded computer software for advanced avionics systems DOI: 10.1109/NAECON.1990.112839 Keywords: Ada aerospace computing performance evaluation software engineering software reliability software tools Wright Research and Development Center aerospace avionics systems software expert resource mapper modular embedded computer software performance analyzer reliability analyzer software development/maintenance environment Aerospace electronics Embedded computing Embedded software Performance analysis Programming Research and development Software design Software maintenance Software prototyping System software Abstract: The authors discuss the research being conducted by the Wright Research and Development Center (WRDC) concerning technologies for rapid design and maintenance of advanced avionics systems software. They describe the modular embedded computer software (MECS) effort being conducted by The Analytic Sciences Corporation for WRDC's Software Concepts Group. Point solutions for the major elements of software development/maintenance environment for advanced avionics systems are defined. A prototype modular embedded computer software design architecture for advanced avionics systems is presented. Specific tools include the Ada software design environment, the expert resource mapper, the performance analyzer, and the reliability analyzer. Plans for proof-of-concept demonstrations for the prototype design methodology and tools are summarized Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8464 Author: Krämer, Michel and Senner, Ivo Year: 2015 Title: A modular software architecture for processing of big geospatial data in the cloud Journal: Computers & Graphics Volume: 49 Pages: 69-81 Date: 6// Short Title: A modular software architecture for processing of big geospatial data in the cloud ISSN: 0097-8493 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cag.2015.02.005 Keywords: Cloud computing Big Data Geoprocessing Distributed systems Software architectures Domain-specific languages Abstract: In this paper we propose a software architecture that allows for processing of large geospatial data sets in the cloud. Our system is modular and flexible and supports multiple algorithm design paradigms such as MapReduce, in-memory computing or agent-based programming. It contains a web-based user interface where domain experts (e.g. GIS analysts or urban planners) can define high-level processing workflows using a domain-specific language (DSL). The workflows are passed through a number of components including a parser, interpreter, and a service called job manager. These components use declarative and procedural knowledge encoded in rules to generate a processing chain specifying the execution of the workflows on a given cloud infrastructure according to the constraints defined by the user. The job manager evaluates this chain, spawns processing services in the cloud and monitors them. The services communicate with each other through a distributed file system that is scalable and fault-tolerant. Compared to previous work describing cloud infrastructures and architectures we focus on the processing of big heterogeneous geospatial data. In addition to that, we do not rely on only one specific programming model or a certain cloud infrastructure but support several ones. Combined with the possibility to control the processing through DSL-based workflows, this makes our architecture very flexible and configurable. We do not only see the cloud as a means to store and distribute large data sets but also as a way to harness the processing power of distributed computing environments for large-volume geospatial data sets. The proposed architecture design has been developed for the IQmulus research project funded by the European Commission. The paper concludes with the evaluation results from applying our solution to two example workflows from this project. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0097849315000138 Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8715 Author: Reay, Gudrun, Rankin, James A. and Then, Karen L. Year: 2016 Title: Momentary fitting in a fluid environment: A grounded theory of triage nurse decision making Journal: International Emergency Nursing Volume: 26 Pages: 8-13 Date: 5// Short Title: Momentary fitting in a fluid environment: A grounded theory of triage nurse decision making ISSN: 1755-599X DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ienj.2015.09.006 Keywords: Triage Decision making Grounded theory Situation awareness Emergency nursing Distributed cognition Software design Fluid environment Abstract: AbstractBackground Triage nurses control access to the Emergency Department (ED) and make decisions about patient acuity, patient priority, and placement of the patient in the ED. Understanding the processes and strategies that triage nurses use to make decisions is therefore vital for patient safety and the operation of the ED. The aim of the current study was to generate a substantive grounded theory (GT) of decision making by emergency triage Registered Nurses (RNs). Method Data collection consisted of seven observations of the triage environment at three tertiary care hospitals where RNs conducted triage and twelve interviews with triage RNs. The data were analyzed by constant comparison in accordance with the classical GT method. Results In the resultant theory, Momentary Fitting in a Fluid Environment, triage is conceptualized as a process consisting of four categories, determining acuity, anticipating needs, managing space, and creating space. The findings indicate that triage RNs continually strive to achieve fit, while simultaneously considering the individual patient and the ED as a whole entity. Conclusion Triage RNs require appropriately designed triage environments and computer technology that enable them to secure real time knowledge of the ED to maintain situation awareness. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1755599X15001184 Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 8351 Author: McMaster, George and Zastre, Michael Year: 2011 Title: More concepts for teaching introductory programming Conference Name: Proceedings of the 16th Western Canadian Conference on Computing Education Conference Location: Prince George, British Columbia, Canada Publisher: ACM Pages: 7-11 DOI: 10.1145/1989622.1989625 Place Published: 1989625 Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 8974 Author: Alali, A. and Sillito, J. Year of Conference: 2013 Title: Motivations for collaboration in software design decision making Conference Name: 2013 6th International Workshop on Cooperative and Human Aspects of Software Engineering (CHASE) Pages: 129-132 Date: 25-25 May 2013 Short Title: Motivations for collaboration in software design decision making DOI: 10.1109/CHASE.2013.6614748 Keywords: decision making groupware software engineering collaborative process development process organizational work context social work context software design decision making Collaboration Context Interviews Organizations Software design Abstract: Software design is a result of software design decisions made at different stages of the development process and these decisions are often made collaboratively. As part of an ongoing research project to understand and improve this collaborative process we have interviewed 13 designers about their design processes. In this paper we report on a preliminary analysis of our interview data focusing on why people collaborate around design decisions. We found that designers collaborate to improve their design decisions, save or share decision making effort, and in response to social or organizational work contexts. 'File' Atttachments: internal-pdf://1143860543/Motivations for collaboration in software desi.pdf Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 9020 Author: Natale, M. Di and Sangiovanni-Vincentelli, A. L. Year: 2010 Title: Moving From Federated to Integrated Architectures in Automotive: The Role of Standards, Methods and Tools Journal: Proceedings of the IEEE Volume: 98 Issue: 4 Pages: 603-620 Short Title: Moving From Federated to Integrated Architectures in Automotive: The Role of Standards, Methods and Tools ISSN: 0018-9219 DOI: 10.1109/JPROC.2009.2039550 Keywords: automotive electronics computational complexity electronic engineering computing reliability software engineering ECU IMA aeronautics architectures architecture configuration automotive architectures cost pressure distributed system electronic control units exchanging messages extensibility federated architectures flexibility functional complexity functional correctness fundamental paradigms hardware components hardware platform design integrated architectures integrated modular avionics optimization software components synchronous reactive models time correctness Architecture automotive electronic system automotive software design methodology design space exploration system design Abstract: Cost pressure, flexibility, extensibility and the need for coping with increased functional complexity are changing the fundamental paradigms for the definition of automotive and aeronautics architectures. Traditional designs are based on the concept of a Federated Architecture in which integrated hardware/software components [Electronic Control Units (ECUs)] realize mostly independent or loosely interconnected functions. These components are connected by bus and cooperate by exchanging messages. This paradigm is now being replaced by the Integrated Architecture, - the concept comes from Integrated Modular Avionics (IMA) introduced by the avionics community (see C. B. Watkins and R. Walter, ?Transitioning from federated avionics architectures to integrated modular avionics?, in Proc. 26th Digital Avionics Syst. Conf., Oct. 2007) but it is certainly general and applicable to other fields and in particular, automotive - in which software components can be supplied from multiple sources, integrated on the same hardware platform or physically distributed and possibly moved from one CPU to another without loss of functional and time correctness and providing a guaranteed level of reliability. This shift will decouple software design from the hardware platform design and provide opportunities for the optimization of the architecture configuration, increased extensibility, flexibility and modularity. However, the integration of software components in a distributed system realizing a complex functional behavior and characterized by safety, time and reliability constraints requires a much tighter control on the component model and its semantics, new methods and tools for analyzing the results of the composition, whether by simulation or formal methods, and methods for exploring the architecture solution space and optimizing the configuration. We provide a general overview of existing challenges and possible solutions to the design and analysis problem, with - - special focus on the automotive domain. The development of such methods and tools must necessarily consider compatibility with existing modeling languages and standards, including UML, AUTOSAR and synchronous reactive models, on which the widely used commercial products Simulink and SCADE are based. Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9305 Author: Brothers, K. Year of Conference: 1994 Title: Moving upstream in the design process: new frontiers for technical communicators Conference Name: IPCC 94 Proceedings. Scaling New Heights in Technical Communication Pages: 280-284 Date: 28 Sep-1 Oct 1994 Short Title: Moving upstream in the design process: new frontiers for technical communicators DOI: 10.1109/IPCC.1994.347517 Keywords: human factors system documentation technical presentation design teams peripheral user documentation product design product design teams software design technical communicators usable products Documentation Job design Process design Software prototyping Software testing System testing Usability Abstract: Early involvement with product design teams forces technical communicators to reflect on their roles in the design of usable products and requires a new perspective about peripheral user documentation. The paper addresses the link between software design and documentation and considers these questions: what new roles are available to technical communicators? How can technical communicators be more effective on design teams? How are product design and documentation affected by human factors? Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8448 Author: Abla, G., Coviello, E. N., Flanagan, S. M., Greenwald, M., Lee, X., Romosan, A., Schissel, D. P., Shoshani, A., Stillerman, J., Wright, J. and Wu, K. J. Year: 2016 Title: The MPO system for automatic workflow documentation Journal: Fusion Engineering and Design Volume: 112 Pages: 1007-1013 Date: 11/15/ Short Title: The MPO system for automatic workflow documentation ISSN: 0920-3796 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fusengdes.2016.04.023 Keywords: Workflow Provenance Metadata Ontology DIII-D EFIT Abstract: Data from large-scale experiments and extreme-scale computing is expensive to produce and may be used for critical applications. However, it is not the mere existence of data that is important, but our ability to make use of it. Experience has shown that when metadata is better organized and more complete, the underlying data becomes more useful. Traditionally, capturing the steps of scientific workflows and metadata was the role of the lab notebook, but the digital era has resulted instead in the fragmentation of data, processing, and annotation. This paper presents the Metadata, Provenance, and Ontology (MPO) System, the software that can automate the documentation of scientific workflows and associated information. Based on recorded metadata, it provides explicit information about the relationships among the elements of workflows in notebook form augmented with directed acyclic graphs. A set of web-based graphical navigation tools and Application Programming Interface (API) have been created for searching and browsing, as well as programmatically accessing the workflows and data. We describe the MPO concepts and its software architecture. We also report the current status of the software as well as the initial deployment experience. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0920379616303143 Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 8263 Author: Nygard, Kendall E., Xu, Dianxiang, Pikalek, Jonathan and Lundell, Martin Year: 2008 Title: Multi-agent designs for ambient systems Conference Name: Proceedings of the 1st international conference on Ambient media and systems Conference Location: Quebec, Canada Publisher: ICST (Institute for Computer Sciences, Social-Informatics and Telecommunications Engineering) Pages: 1-6 Place Published: 1363173 Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 8369 Author: Riley, Ryan, Jiang, Xuxian and Xu, Dongyan Year: 2009 Title: Multi-aspect profiling of kernel rootkit behavior Conference Name: Proceedings of the 4th ACM European conference on Computer systems Conference Location: Nuremberg, Germany Publisher: ACM Pages: 47-60 DOI: 10.1145/1519065.1519072 Place Published: 1519072 Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9162 Author: Kharchenko, A., Halay, I. and Bodnarchuk, I. Year of Conference: 2016 Title: Multicriteria architecture choice of software system under design and reengineering Conference Name: 2016 XIth International Scientific and Technical Conference Computer Sciences and Information Technologies (CSIT) Pages: 4-8 Date: 6-10 Sept. 2016 Short Title: Multicriteria architecture choice of software system under design and reengineering DOI: 10.1109/STC-CSIT.2016.7589855 Keywords: decision making optimisation software architecture systems re-engineering criteria values limitations criterial function structure criterion weight multicriteria architecture choice optimization model replacement-compensation software design software system architecture software system reengineering universal scalar convolution value proximity Computer architecture Convolution Linear programming Optimization Software systems multicriteria choice quality of software architecture trade-off Abstract: The problems of multi-criteria choice of software system architecture are discussed, connected with definition of criterial function structure and formalization of trade-offs definition procedure for decision making. Universal scalar convolution is offered for taking into account requirements of subject area and criteria values limitations. The criterion weight in this convolution depends on its value proximity to the limitation. Optimization model “replacement-compensation” is used for software system reengineering problems or for directed choice of software architecture. Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8377 Author: Ouni, Ali, Kessentini, Marouane, Sahraoui, Houari, Inoue, Katsuro and Deb, Kalyanmoy Year: 2016 Title: Multi-Criteria Code Refactoring Using Search-Based Software Engineering: An Industrial Case Study Journal: ACM Trans. Softw. Eng. Methodol. Volume: 25 Issue: 3 Pages: 1-53 Short Title: Multi-Criteria Code Refactoring Using Search-Based Software Engineering: An Industrial Case Study ISSN: 1049-331X DOI: 10.1145/2932631 Legal Note: 2932631 Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8731 Author: Khalid, Noor Elaiza Abd, Yusoff, Marina, Kamaru-Zaman, Ezzatul Akma and Kamsani, Izyan Izzati Year: 2014 Title: Multidimensional Data Medical Dataset Using Interactive Visualization Star Coordinate Technique Journal: Procedia Computer Science Volume: 42 Pages: 247-254 Date: // Short Title: Multidimensional Data Medical Dataset Using Interactive Visualization Star Coordinate Technique ISSN: 1877-0509 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2014.11.059 Keywords: Big data Clutter Decision making Histogram graph Multidimensional data Star coordinate technique Visualization Abstract: The twenty first century sees the tremendous advancement of computer and machine technologies that are able to produce ginormous amout of data. Current software architecture, management and analysis approaches are unable to cope with the flood of data. The challenge of understanding large and complex data includes issues such as clutter, performance, information loss and limited cognition. Medical field involves analyzing the body system which includes many different scientists and medical professionals. The datasets are a hybrid of many different medical areas databases to understand and answer the many questions of the human body. This paper explores the capability of interactive star coordinate visualization technique to identify clusters correlation between selected attributes using interactive star coordinate for multi-dimensional datasets An interactive Star coordinates is designed consists of four stages that includes Information Objects Transformation; Dimension Mapping; Interactive Features design and Coloring. Finally the performance of the interactive star coordinates is compared to histograms of the data of interest. Interactive star coordinate is found as a promising method of visualizing information clusters pattern which provides one of the means for fast decision making. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1877050914014975 Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9104 Author: Xiang-Mei, Z. Year of Conference: 2015 Title: Multi-layer Software Architecture Safety Research of Java EE Conference Name: 2015 8th International Conference on Intelligent Computation Technology and Automation (ICICTA) Pages: 556-559 Date: 14-15 June 2015 Short Title: Multi-layer Software Architecture Safety Research of Java EE DOI: 10.1109/ICICTA.2015.142 Keywords: Java Web services XML authorisation cryptography digital signatures safety-critical software software architecture Java EE Web service security technology XML encryption security technology XML signature authorization bank security Web service system business system information sharing multilayer software architecture safety role-based access control unified identity authentication Authentication Encryption Safety multi-layer software architecture web service Abstract: The specific Web service security technology of multi-Layer software architecture based on Java EE is analyzed, including authentication and authorization, role-based access control and XML encryption. A bank security Web service system based on Java EE is established, which is an important measure to increase the competitiveness of a bank. XML signature and XML encryption security technology is used. The proposed scheme strengthens the information sharing, promotes the interaction between the various business system and realizes the unified identity authentication. Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9178 Author: Malo, P., Goncalves, R., Saraiva, R. and Garcao, S. Year of Conference: 2004 Title: Multilingual on-line dictionary breaking the language barriers in the advent of open markets Conference Name: Intelligent Systems, 2004. Proceedings. 2004 2nd International IEEE Conference Volume: 2 Pages: 376-381 Vol.2 Date: 22-24 June 2004 Short Title: Multilingual on-line dictionary breaking the language barriers in the advent of open markets DOI: 10.1109/IS.2004.1344776 Keywords: dictionaries furniture industry globalisation natural languages social aspects of automation IMS SMART-fm project Web services cultural barrier four-tier software architecture furniture manufacturing globalization language barriers multilingual online dictionary multilingual repository open markets worldwide economics Communication industry Computer architecture Cultural differences Global communication Industrial economics Manufacturing industries Software architecture Terminology Abstract: The furniture manufacturing is one of the biggest industries in the world employing the largest number of persons and playing an important role in worldwide economics. In the advent of open markets and globalization, the cultural barrier presented by language can challenge business success. A multilingual dictionary provides an important service for the industry, making easier the communication between trades in different speaking regions. The online dictionary is the support for multilingual repository of terms and related lexical mechanisms, necessary for a correct understanding and translation between different languages. It represents a harmonization effort in nomenclature and terminologies for all actors of disperse professional areas. New system architectures concepts are in the foundation of the work hereby presented, like the emerging Web-services technology that realizes the openness of the solution, on four-tier software architecture. Dictionary has been developed in the scope of IMS SMART-fm project and accessible via http://www.smart-fm.funstep.org/. Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9469 Author: Karpov, A., Ronzhin, A., Kipyatkova, I., Ronzhin, A. and Akarun, L. Year of Conference: 2010 Title: Multimodal Human Computer Interaction with MIDAS Intelligent Infokiosk Conference Name: 2010 20th International Conference on Pattern Recognition Pages: 3862-3865 Date: 23-26 Aug. 2010 Short Title: Multimodal Human Computer Interaction with MIDAS Intelligent Infokiosk ISBN: 1051-4651 DOI: 10.1109/ICPR.2010.941 Keywords: human computer interaction interactive systems software architecture speech recognition speech synthesis speech-based user interfaces touch sensitive screens HCI MIDAS intelligent infokiosk WOZ Wizard of Oz dialogue flow hardware architecture head gestures intelligent information kiosk manual gestures multimodal human computer interaction multimodal interactive-dialogue automaton for self-service multimodal user interface natural speech input ordinary users physically handicapped users speech synthesis technology touch screen Data models Grammar Hidden Markov models Laboratories Speech artificial intelligence automatic speech recognition human-computer interaction infokiosk multimodal user interfaces Abstract: In this paper, we present an intelligent information kiosk called MIDAS (Multimodal Interactive-Dialogue Automaton for Self-service), including its hardware and software architecture, stages of deployment of speech recognition and synthesis technologies. MIDAS uses the methodology Wizard of Oz (WOZ) that allows an expert to correct speech recognition results and control the dialogue flow. User statistics of the multimodal human computer interaction (HCI) have been analyzed for the operation of the kiosk in the automatic and automated modes. The infokiosk offers information about the structure and staff of laboratories, the location and phones of departments and employees of the institution. The multimodal user interface is provided with a touch screen, natural speech input and head and manual gestures, both for ordinary and physically handicapped users. Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 8212 Author: Esuli, Andrea, Cisternino, Antonio, Pacini, Giuliano and Simi, Maria Year: 2003 Title: Multimodal presentation of dynamic object scenarios on the web Conference Name: Proceedings of the eighth international conference on 3D Web technology Conference Location: Saint Malo, France Publisher: ACM Pages: 147-153 DOI: 10.1145/636593.636615 Place Published: 636615 Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 8288 Author: Wan, Chengcheng, Zhu, Zece, Zhang, Yuchen and Chen, Yuting Year: 2016 Title: Multi-perspective change impact analysis using linked data of software engineering Conference Name: Proceedings of the 8th Asia-Pacific Symposium on Internetware Conference Location: Beijing, China Publisher: ACM Pages: 95-98 DOI: 10.1145/2993717.2993729 Place Published: 2993729 Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 8965 Author: Frank, U. Year of Conference: 2000 Title: Multi-perspective enterprise models as a conceptual foundation for knowledge management Conference Name: Proceedings of the 33rd Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences Pages: 10 pp. vol.2 Date: 4-7 Jan. 2000 Short Title: Multi-perspective enterprise models as a conceptual foundation for knowledge management DOI: 10.1109/HICSS.2000.926704 Keywords: decision support systems deductive databases expert systems object-oriented programming software architecture conceptual foundation knowledge management multi-perspective enterprise models object-oriented software architecture organizational learning organizational memory systems psychological aspects Computer architecture Documentation Management information systems Object oriented modeling Problem-solving Psychology Abstract: While successful knowledge management depends on numerous organizational and psychological aspects, the effective documentation, dissemination and utilization of knowledge recommends the introduction of computerized systems to manage knowledge. The design of such a system requires a notion of knowledge that allows to distinguish it from information as ii is handled by traditional information systems. In this paper, a pragmatic notion of knowledge is suggested. On the one hand, it is inspired by some characteristics of knowledge stressed in philosophy. On the other hand, it reflects ideas about knowledge as a corporate asset and as subject of organizational learning. Against this background, a number of requirements which should be fulfilled by a system that manages knowledge are developed. They result in suggestions for the content as well as for the architecture of a Knowledge Management System (KMS). Different from organizational memory systems, the proposed KMS features a high level of formal semantics. Different from expert systems or decision support systems, a KMS does not only help with individual problem solving. In addition to that, it provides a medium to foster discourses between people with different perspectives. Both, content and architecture, are inspired by languages that are part of a method for enterprise modelling. To give an idea of the the content a KMS provides, some of its various views are illustrated from a user's perspective. After that, the object-oriented software architecture is described in more detail by various excerpts from object models on different levels of abstraction. It emphasizes the reuse of existing, state of the art knowledge and allows for individual revisions and enhancements as well. The architecture also includes an interface level layer that helps with the semantic integration of KMS and traditional IS. Both, content and architecture of the suggested KMS are one out of many possible solutions. For this reason, we also briefly discuss the pivotal challenges that have to be faced by research in knowledge management if it includes the design of specialized software systems. Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 7616 Author: Martini, A. and Bosch, J. Year of Conference: 2016 Title: A Multiple Case Study of Continuous Architecting in Large Agile Companies: Current Gaps and the CAFFEA Framework Conference Name: 2016 13th Working IEEE/IFIP Conference on Software Architecture (WICSA) Pages: 1-10 Date: 5-8 April 2016 Short Title: A Multiple Case Study of Continuous Architecting in Large Agile Companies: Current Gaps and the CAFFEA Framework DOI: 10.1109/WICSA.2016.31 Keywords: software architecture software management software process improvement software prototyping CAFFEA organizational framework Scrum setting agile software development grounded theory large agile software companies software architecture management structured deductive analysis structured inductive analysis Companies Computer architecture Conferences Interviews Software Agile Architecture Architect Roles Development Teams Organizational Framework Software Product Lines Abstract: In order to continuously support the value delivery both in short-term and long-term, a key goal for large software companies is to continuously develop and manage software architecture. In order to understand how architecture management is employed in large Agile software companies, we have conducted interviews involving several roles at 5 firms. Through a combination of structured inductive and deductive analysis proper of Grounded Theory, we have identified current architect roles and gaps in the architecture practices in the studied organizations. From such investigation, we have developed an organizational framework, CAFFEA, for Agile architecting, including roles, (virtual) teams and practices. The framework has been evaluated through a cross-company workshop including participants from 5 large software companies, discussion groups and a final survey. Finally, we have evaluated the framework in practice after one year of its application at one of the companies. We found that some necessary architectural practices are overlooked in Large Agile Software Development. The evaluation of CAFFEA framework showed that the included roles and teams are needed in order to mitigate the gaps in the architectural practices. The responsibilities and the activities have been mapped to key architect roles compatible with the Scrum setting employed at the companies. The evaluation of CAFFEA shows key benefits. Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9487 Author: Martini, A. and Bosch, J. Year of Conference: 2016 Title: A Multiple Case Study of Continuous Architecting in Large Agile Companies: Current Gaps and the CAFFEA Framework Conference Name: 2016 13th Working IEEE/IFIP Conference on Software Architecture (WICSA) Pages: 1-10 Date: 5-8 April 2016 Short Title: A Multiple Case Study of Continuous Architecting in Large Agile Companies: Current Gaps and the CAFFEA Framework DOI: 10.1109/WICSA.2016.31 Keywords: software architecture software management software process improvement software prototyping CAFFEA organizational framework Scrum setting agile software development grounded theory large agile software companies software architecture management structured deductive analysis structured inductive analysis Companies Computer architecture Conferences Interviews Software Agile Architecture Architect Roles Development Teams Organizational Framework Software Product Lines Abstract: In order to continuously support the value delivery both in short-term and long-term, a key goal for large software companies is to continuously develop and manage software architecture. In order to understand how architecture management is employed in large Agile software companies, we have conducted interviews involving several roles at 5 firms. Through a combination of structured inductive and deductive analysis proper of Grounded Theory, we have identified current architect roles and gaps in the architecture practices in the studied organizations. From such investigation, we have developed an organizational framework, CAFFEA, for Agile architecting, including roles, (virtual) teams and practices. The framework has been evaluated through a cross-company workshop including participants from 5 large software companies, discussion groups and a final survey. Finally, we have evaluated the framework in practice after one year of its application at one of the companies. We found that some necessary architectural practices are overlooked in Large Agile Software Development. The evaluation of CAFFEA framework showed that the included roles and teams are needed in order to mitigate the gaps in the architectural practices. The responsibilities and the activities have been mapped to key architect roles compatible with the Scrum setting employed at the companies. The evaluation of CAFFEA shows key benefits. 'File' Atttachments: internal-pdf://0447239119/A Multiple Case Study of Continuous Architecti.pdf Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9428 Author: Pereira, Ó M. and Aguiar, R. L. Year of Conference: 2015 Title: Multi-purpose Adaptable Business Tier Components based on Call Level Interfaces Conference Name: 2015 IEEE/ACIS 14th International Conference on Computer and Information Science (ICIS) Pages: 215-221 Date: June 28 2015-July 1 2015 Short Title: Multi-purpose Adaptable Business Tier Components based on Call Level Interfaces DOI: 10.1109/ICIS.2015.7166596 Keywords: Java SQL application program interfaces business data processing database management systems ABTC CLI drawbacks Java database connectivity NoSQL database applications adaptable business tier components application tiers call level interfaces high level architectural requirements low level API multipurpose adaptable business tier components multipurpose business tier components Access control Buildings Business Databases Runtime component middleware reuse software architecture Abstract: Call Level Interfaces (CLI) play a key role in business tiers of relational and on some NoSQL database applications whenever a fine tune control between application tiers and the host databases is a key requirement. Unfortunately, in spite of this significant advantage, CLI are low level API, this way not addressing high level architectural requirements. Among the examples we emphasize two situations: a) the need to decouple or not to decouple the development process of business tiers from the development process of application tiers and b) the need to automatically adapt business tiers to new business and/or security needs at runtime. To tackle these CLI drawbacks, and simultaneously keep their advantages, this paper proposes an architecture relying on CLI from which multi-purpose business tiers components are built, herein referred to as Adaptable Business Tier Components (ABTC). Beyond the reference architecture, this paper presents a proof of concept based on Java and Java Database Connectivity (an example of CLI). Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9424 Author: Cao, M. Year of Conference: 2012 Title: Multi-strategy Selection Supported Automated Negotiation System Based on BDI Agent Conference Name: 2012 45th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences Pages: 638-647 Date: 4-7 Jan. 2012 Short Title: Multi-strategy Selection Supported Automated Negotiation System Based on BDI Agent ISBN: 1530-1605 DOI: 10.1109/HICSS.2012.442 Keywords: aircraft decision making electronic commerce inference mechanisms purchasing software agents software architecture BDI agent agent independent decision-making process operationalization agent multistrategy negotiation aircraft purchase negotiation process automated negotiation agent abstract architecture model automated negotiation system belief-desire-intention goal-directed reasoning multistrategy selection negotiation decision-making model design negotiation protocol reactive response strategy design Atmospheric modeling Cognition Computer architecture Proposals Protocols Speech Automated negotiation agent architecture belief-desire-intention model multi-agent system negotiation agent Abstract: Research in automated negotiation has traditionally been focusing on the negotiation protocol and strategy design, but little on the implementation related issues such as how to select the best negotiation strategy, especially for problems involving multi-strategy selection. The lack of such study has hampered the development in applying automated negotiation to real world problems. This research focuses on operationalizing agent's independent decision-making process through the design of a negotiation decision-making model and the software architecture, based on an abstract architecture model that can support both goal-directed reasoning and reactive response. We formally define the automated negotiation agent's abstract architecture model and propose an algorithm for the architecture and the decision-making model. Grounded on the theory of Belief-Desire-Intention, the model can support the agent's multi-strategy negotiation. A prototype of the model is built and applied to an aircraft purchase negotiation process to demonstrate the effectiveness of our model. Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9375 Author: Wang, B., Lu, K., Chang, P. and Sun, S. Year of Conference: 2015 Title: Multi-terminal monitoring system for campus ecological environment based on sensor network Conference Name: 2015 10th International Conference on Computer Science & Education (ICCSE) Pages: 107-110 Date: 22-24 July 2015 Short Title: Multi-terminal monitoring system for campus ecological environment based on sensor network DOI: 10.1109/ICCSE.2015.7250226 Keywords: distributed sensors ecology environmental monitoring (geophysics) green computing sustainable development telecommunication network planning Android client Tianjin University campus afforestation campus ecological environment campus management campus planning ecological campus construction environmental education green campus iOS client multiterminal monitoring system resource recycling sensor network weather information web client wireless signal Androids Green products Humanoid robots Mobile communication Monitoring Security Servers Android IOS Abstract: Green Campus is the constantly improving campus, guided by the sustainable development thought and aimed at making full use of all resources and opportunities inside and outside the school to improve environment quality between teachers and students. Lots of domestic and foreign experts make further study of green campus construction in many ways. These studies mainly focus on campus afforestation, ecological campus construction, campus planning, campus management, resources recycling and environmental education. This paper has built a green campus information platform. The platform provides water quality information and weather information in different positions of Tianjin University for registered users. The information is collected by sensors placed in different areas of school and transmitted to server by wireless signal. And the data of green campus is stored in the database, then displayed to user by web client, iOS client and android client. The main content of this paper is focused on the overall architecture design, the server software design and the client software. Firstly, the overall architecture of the whole system and each module is introduced in detail. Secondly, the server design and the implement of server is described. Finally, the paper expounds the client software required functions and client realization. Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 8852 Author: Flood, M. and Habli, I. Year of Conference: 2011 Title: Multi-view safety cases Conference Name: 6th IET International Conference on System Safety 2011 Pages: 1-6 Date: 20-22 Sept. 2011 Short Title: Multi-view safety cases DOI: 10.1049/cp.2011.0260 Keywords: safety software architecture UK health and safety executive multiview safety cases architecture safety arguments safety critical systems Abstract: Due to high levels of complexity in the design and operation of safety-critical systems, the size and complexity of safety-cases continues to grow. This presents considerable challenges to the development, review and maintenance of safety cases. The independent review into the Nimrod crash in 2006 pointed out the dangers of poor practices in safety cases. It noted that the UK Health and Safety Executive (HSE) has also found a number of problems with safety case practices in its role as regulator. In the past, the area of software architecture has been plundered to provide techniques that aid safety case construction and presentation. This paper argues that this can continue to bear fruit, and demonstrates how the principles of multi-view architecture can be used to produce multi-view safety cases. Multi-view safety cases have the potential to filter information of interest to stakeholders, thus reducing complexity and increasing comprehension of the safety argument. Modifiability and extensibility could be improved, as changes to the safety case can be reviewed more easily through relevant stakeholders' views. Reference Type: Book Section Record Number: 7840 Author: van Heesch, Uwe and Avgeriou, Paris Year: 2010 Title: Naive Architecting - Understanding the Reasoning Process of Students Editor: Babar, Muhammad Ali and Gorton, Ian Book Title: Software Architecture: 4th European Conference, ECSA 2010, Copenhagen, Denmark, August 23-26, 2010. Proceedings Place Published: Berlin, Heidelberg Publisher: Springer Berlin Heidelberg Pages: 24-37 Short Title: Naive Architecting - Understanding the Reasoning Process of Students ISBN: 978-3-642-15114-9 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-15114-9_5 Label: van Heesch2010 Abstract: Software architecting entails making architecture decisions, which requires a lot of experience and expertise. Current literature contains several methods and processes to support architects with architecture design, documentation and evaluation but not with the design reasoning involved in decision-making. In order to derive a systematic reasoning process we need to understand the current state of practice and propose ways to improve it. In this paper we present the results of a survey that was conducted with undergraduate software engineering students, aiming to find out the innate reasoning process during architecting. The results of the survey are compared to the existing architecture literature in order to identify promising directions towards systematic reasoning processes. URL: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-15114-9_5 Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8416 Author: Puuska, Samir, Rummukainen, Lauri, Timonen, Jussi, Lääperi, Lauri, Klemetti, Markus, Oksama, Lauri and Vankka, Jouko Title: Nationwide critical infrastructure monitoring using a common operating picture framework Journal: International Journal of Critical Infrastructure Protection Short Title: Nationwide critical infrastructure monitoring using a common operating picture framework ISSN: 1874-5482 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijcip.2017.11.005 Keywords: Critical Infrastructure Situational Awareness Common Operating Picture User Interface Modeling and Analysis Software Architecture Abstract: This paper describes the efforts involved in designing a common operating picture system for monitoring large-scale critical infrastructures. The design leverages the Joint Directors of Laboratories (JDL) data fusion model to enable the integration of different critical infrastructure systems with their dependency relations. The resulting Situational Awareness of Critical Infrastructure and Networks (SACIN) framework offers a platform that provides a common operating picture of a critical infrastructure. A generic data collection component customized to each source system generates events and facilitates JDL level 0 integration. An analysis component collects events and data to produce meaningful information about the current state and future impact estimates in accordance with JDL levels 1 to 3. A brokered architecture supports level 4 control by various components and a JDL level 5 user interface is offered via a web application. Interviews of infrastructure subject matter experts were conducted to obtain the situational awareness requirements. By applying key situational awareness oriented design principles to the situational awareness requirements, a user interface was created for organizing information based on operator situational awareness needs and supporting key cognitive mechanisms that transform data into high levels of situational awareness. Situational awareness measures were used to assess operator performance during critical infrastructure tasks – a “freeze-probe” recall approach (Situational Awareness Global Assessment Technique (SAGAT)), a post-trial subjective rating approach (Situational Awareness Rating Technique (SART)) and the System Usability Scale (SUS). The results indicate that the supply of attentional resources (SART supply) and overall SAGAT score best predict the performance levels of operators. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1874548215300305 Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 7888 Author: Hu, Chenglie Year: 2013 Title: The nature of software design and its teaching: an exposition Journal: ACM Inroads Volume: 4 Issue: 2 Pages: 62-72 Short Title: The nature of software design and its teaching: an exposition ISSN: 2153-2184 DOI: 10.1145/2465085.2465103 Legal Note: 2465103 Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8680 Author: Santhanam, Radhika and Wiedenbeck, Susan Year: 1993 Title: Neither novice nor expert: the discretionary user of software Journal: International Journal of Man-Machine Studies Volume: 38 Issue: 2 Pages: 201-229 Date: 2// Short Title: Neither novice nor expert: the discretionary user of software ISSN: 0020-7373 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1006/imms.1993.1010 Abstract: Most studies that examine users' interaction with computers focus either on novices or experts. Discretionary users of computers, such as lawyers, executives, administrators and professors have been ignored. Using techniques of process analysis, this study investigated the characteristics of discretionary users by observing their interaction with commercial word-processing software. Their performance was compared to groups of novices and experts. Results indicate that discretionary users exhibit expert-like characteristics on a small set of routine editing tasks, beyond which their behavior is quite novice-like. A procedural model that indicates areas where software design could improve the editing performance of discretionary users is also discussed. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0020737383710102 Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8759 Author: Gallo, Crescenzio, Contò, Francesco, La Sala, Piermichele and Antonazzo, Anna Paola Year: 2013 Title: A Neural Network Model for Classifying Olive Farms Journal: Procedia Technology Volume: 8 Pages: 593-599 Date: // Short Title: A Neural Network Model for Classifying Olive Farms ISSN: 2212-0173 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.protcy.2013.11.085 Keywords: Web marketing artificial neural networks classification olive oil farms Abstract: The application of web marketing and definition of corporate strategies has become common practice in all companies, together with the use of mathematical models as a tool for planning and studying the dynamics of communication within the market. We apply an unsupervised artificial neural network for the classification of a series of olive farms to try to determine which features are most rewarding from the point of view of the communication strategies and market (including the identification of new situations and decision making). The objective is to identify and group companies that have similar characteristics through a set of common indicators and create a rating for defining which companies are the best performing and how companies in the sector are related. This work is made possible by the use of a computer software designed specifically for the olive oil sector, which examines many aspects of business life and also implements the platform among businesses, each other and the market. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2212017313001473 Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8349 Author: Kumar, Gaurav and Bhatia, Pradeep Kumar Year: 2015 Title: Neuro-Fuzzy Model to Estimate & Optimize Quality and Performance of Component Based Software Engineering Journal: SIGSOFT Softw. Eng. Notes Volume: 40 Issue: 2 Pages: 1-6 Short Title: Neuro-Fuzzy Model to Estimate & Optimize Quality and Performance of Component Based Software Engineering ISSN: 0163-5948 DOI: 10.1145/2735399.2735410 Legal Note: 2735410 Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8463 Author: Bennouar, D., Khammaci, T. and Henni, A. Year: 2010 Title: A new approach for component’s port modeling in software architecture Journal: Journal of Systems and Software Volume: 83 Issue: 8 Pages: 1430-1442 Date: 8// Short Title: A new approach for component’s port modeling in software architecture ISSN: 0164-1212 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jss.2010.03.005 Keywords: Software architecture Component Port Access points ArchJava Aspect Abstract: The component’s interaction points with the external world play a fundamental role in the specification of an application’s architecture. Current software architecture approaches consider an interaction point as an atomic element in the specification of interconnections, despite the complexity of its structure and the attached behavior. It is not possible in current component models to deal separately with an element of an interaction point when such an element is needed alone for specifying a specific logic. To support such logic and the specification of a wide range of early ideas in the process of elaborating a software system, the Integrated Approach to Software Architecture (IASA) uses an interaction point model which provides facilities to manipulate any structural or behavioral element defining an interaction point. In addition, such facilities represent the fundamental foundation of the native support by IASA of Aspect Oriented Software Architectures (AOSA) specifications. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S016412121000066X Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9066 Author: Aliakbarian, S., Abdollahzadeh, A. and Jalali, L. Year of Conference: 2006 Title: A new approach in object-oriented methodology for creating event-based simulator Conference Name: 2006 Canadian Conference on Electrical and Computer Engineering Pages: 2424-2427 Date: May 2006 Short Title: A new approach in object-oriented methodology for creating event-based simulator ISBN: 0840-7789 DOI: 10.1109/CCECE.2006.277465 Keywords: concurrency control database management systems discrete event simulation object-oriented methods protocols software architecture concurrency protocol database management system event-based simulator object-oriented methodology software design Concurrent computing Context modeling Database systems Design methodology Medical simulation Object oriented modeling System testing Event-based Methodology Simulator Abstract: This paper explores software design methodologies in the context of creating a simulator and proposes a methodology to design and implement an event-based simulator namely SimMet. SimMet is explored in the context of the development of a complex simulator for simulating real world conditions to use in science, technology and medicine and other simulations. In this paper we interested in event-based approach to create a real world with variety range of event possibilities. The paper first discusses the role of time concept as the cornerstone of a methodical analysis and design phase. In SimMet we use an adaptation of object-oriented methodology to meet time and event concepts in creating a simulator. In the paper we use DBMSS, the simulator that was designed and implemented by SimMet, to test and evaluate SimMet. DBMSS provide a real world environment which is event-based in the test phase of our research. We discuss the architecture of DBMSS and use it to provide arrival transactions to test and evaluate concurrency protocols in database system. We present the comparison of 4 concurrency protocols in variety of conditions and workloads of transactions which is provided by DBMSS. In particular we show that in which conditions each protocol gain over the other protocols and compare the results to the proved results in literature. The results of the comparison show that DBMSS could simulate the real world conditions of arrival transactions and our methodology can be used to create efficient simulated environments Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9318 Author: Fukushima, Y. and Mita, M. Year of Conference: 2011 Title: A New Approach to Autonomous Onboard Mission Replanning Using Orthogonal Array Design Conference Name: 2011 IEEE Fourth International Conference on Space Mission Challenges for Information Technology Pages: 43-50 Date: 2-4 Aug. 2011 Short Title: A New Approach to Autonomous Onboard Mission Replanning Using Orthogonal Array Design DOI: 10.1109/SMC-IT.2011.21 Keywords: marine engineering planning (artificial intelligence) remotely operated vehicles software architecture underwater vehicles autonomous onboard mission replanning autonomous underwater vehicle human operator interventions logic type commands mission replanning software onboard software operational plan original mission plan orthogonal array design orthogonal array experiment design approach replanning algorithm spacecraft mission plans standard onboard planning applications system-built-in commands tentative plans onboard autonomy onboard planning script engine selp-update capability Abstract: This paper proposes an algorithm of onboard mission replanning using the orthogonal array experiment design approach to solve the problem of repairing of the original mission plan without human operator interventions. The orthogonal array plays an important role to create a group of tentative plans more efficiently than heuristics that is commonly used in standard onboard planning applications. The key idea to implement the proposing mission replanning software is the expression of an operational plan by a "script". Most spacecraft mission plans are defined as a sequence of system-built-in commands, whereas this "script" contains not only the usual plans but also "logic" type commands. The logic type command is expressed in a form of a program fragment such as "IF A THEN DO B". To make a further discussion on the proposing idea, this paper also shows a result of an experiment using an autonomous underwater vehicle. The onboard software is based on the proposing software architecture and the replanning algorithm to demonstrate its feasibility in an actual circumstance. Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9609 Author: Jalali, S. S., Rashidi, H. and Nazemi, E. Year of Conference: 2011 Title: A New Approach to Evaluate Performance of Component-Based Software Architecture Conference Name: 2011 UKSim 5th European Symposium on Computer Modeling and Simulation Pages: 451-456 Date: 16-18 Nov. 2011 Short Title: A New Approach to Evaluate Performance of Component-Based Software Architecture DOI: 10.1109/EMS.2011.77 Keywords: Markov processes software architecture software performance evaluation software quality SHARPE software package component-based software architecture discrete time Markov chain distributed architecture product form queueing network product quality software design software system Computational modeling Computer architecture Program processors Servers Software systems Throughput Time factors component-based architecture performance evaluation model queueing network Abstract: Nowadays, by technology developments, software systems enlarge in scale and complexity. In large systems and to overcome complexity, software architecture has been considered as a connected notion with product quality and plays a crucial role in the quality of final system. The aim of the analysis of software architecture is to recognize potential risks and investigating qualitative needs of software design before the process of production and implementation. Achievement to this goal reduces the costs and improves the software quality. In this paper, a new approach is presented to evaluate performance of component-based software architecture for software systems with distributed architecture. In this approach, at first system is modeled as a Discrete Time Markov Chain and then the required parameters are taken from, to produce a Product Form Queueing Network. Limitations of source, like restrictions of the number of threads in a particular machine, are also regarded in the model. The prepared model is solved by the SHARPE software packages. As the result of the solution of the produced model in this approach, throughput and the average response time and bottlenecks in different workloads of system are predicted and some suggestions are presented to improve the system performance. Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9253 Author: Fukushima, Y. and Mita, M. Year of Conference: 2011 Title: A new approach to onboard mission replanning using orthogonal arrays Conference Name: 2011 IEEE/ASME International Conference on Advanced Intelligent Mechatronics (AIM) Pages: 772-777 Date: 3-7 July 2011 Short Title: A new approach to onboard mission replanning using orthogonal arrays ISBN: 2159-6247 DOI: 10.1109/AIM.2011.6027108 Keywords: control engineering computing path planning software architecture underwater vehicles IF A THEN DO B program fragment autonomous underwater vehicle human operator intervention logic type commands mission replanning software onboard mission replanning onboard software orthogonal arrays script spacecraft mission plans standard onboard planning system built in commands Engines Humans Planning Real time systems Software Space vehicles onboard autonomy onboard planning orthogonal array design script engine selp-update capability Abstract: In this paper we propose an algorithm of onboard mission replanning using the orthogonal array to solve the problem of repairing of the original mission plan without human operator interventions. The orthogonal array plays an important role to create a group of tentative plans more efficiently than heuristics that is commonly used in standard onboard planning applications. The key idea to implement the proposing mission replanning software is the expression of an operational plan by a “script”. Most spacecraft mission plans are defined as a sequence of system-built-in commands, whereas this “script” contains not only the usual plans but also “logic” type commands. The logic type command is expressed in a form of a program fragment such as “IF A THEN DO B”. To make a further discussion on the proposing idea, this paper also shows a result of an experiment using an autonomous underwater vehicle. The onboard software is based on the proposing software architecture and the replanning algorithm to demonstrate its feasibility in an actual circumstance. Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 8918 Author: Brejcha, P., Beneder, R. and Kramer, M. Year of Conference: 2011 Title: New approaches for a distance learning course about embedded systems Conference Name: 2011 IEEE Global Engineering Education Conference (EDUCON) Pages: 903-906 Date: 4-6 April 2011 Short Title: New approaches for a distance learning course about embedded systems ISBN: 2165-9559 DOI: 10.1109/EDUCON.2011.5773252 Keywords: computer science education distance learning educational courses educational institutions electronic engineering computing electronic engineering education embedded systems hardware-software codesign operating systems (computers) teaching distance learning course embedded system education embedded systems course hardware-software co-simulation tool labs teaching hardware design labs teaching software design microcontroller operating system level technical university program top-down concept Computer aided instruction Engineering education Microcontrollers Registers Distance-learning Electronic Lab HW/SW co - simulation Abstract: Embedded systems courses and labs teaching hardware and software design are a necessity in many technical university programs. The attendees of these courses train their skills and expertise on hardware platforms available for the students only during the phase of attendance. To gain practical skills in building such systems, lab courses are required and appropriate parts have to be supplied. To train the same skills and expertise in distance learning courses, a new approach is necessary, as everything has to be supplied to the students "at home". Apart from detailed hands on tutorials and teaching materials, a hardware platform for every student is mandatory. To keep the motivation for the subject high, a start at Operating System level (nowadays well known to all the students) and gradual decent to bit-level and the attachment of external hardware to a microcontroller, is the introduced approach. This is standing in opposition to common concepts that start at pin-level and progress up to Operating System level. To train practical skills in assembling an embedded system a HW/SW co simulation tool comes in handy. The students can prepare and test a self designed electronic completely in the simulation environment and hands-on skills with real components can be gained quickly in a very short attendance phase. The concepts and recommended tools for such a distance learning course are described in this paper. Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9257 Author: Kara, N., Barachi, M. El, Bardai, A. El and Alfandi, O. Year of Conference: 2014 Title: A New Business Model and Architecture for Context-Aware Applications Provisioning in the Cloud Conference Name: 2014 6th International Conference on New Technologies, Mobility and Security (NTMS) Pages: 1-5 Date: March 30 2014-April 2 2014 Short Title: A New Business Model and Architecture for Context-Aware Applications Provisioning in the Cloud ISBN: 2157-4952 DOI: 10.1109/NTMS.2014.6813999 Keywords: cloud computing ubiquitous computing cloud business model context-aware application resource utilization scalable context management platform virtualized context management platform virtualized context-awareness substrates Business Context Context modeling Context-aware services Sensors Substrates Wireless sensor networks Abstract: Context-aware applications are seen as one of the "killer" application categories of the future, due to their ability to offer personalized services by adapting their behavior according to the users' needs and changing situation. Context-aware applications rely in their operation on a complex set of functionalities (i.e. context-awareness substrates). In order to facilitate the development of novel context-aware applications and achieve efficiency in terms of resource utilization, there is a need for a unified, openly-accessible, scalable context management platform that enables the dynamic discovery, composition, and reuse of context-awareness substrates by various context-aware applications. The lack of such platform is a major impediment to the fast and resource efficient development of context aware applications. In this paper, we propose a novel virtualized context management platform in the cloud, in which a shared pool of virtualized context-awareness substrates can be offered by different providers, and leased on demand. Those substrates can be dynamically discovered and composed to enable fast and cost-effective development of a variety of context-aware applications. The proposed platform relies on a new business model which introduces the sensors substrate provider and the broker as new roles in the traditional cloud business model. A detailed software architecture and preliminary prototype implementation are also presented. Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 9388 Author: Caric, A. and Toivo, K. Year: 2000 Title: New generation network architecture and software design Journal: IEEE Communications Magazine Volume: 38 Issue: 2 Pages: 108-114 Short Title: New generation network architecture and software design ISSN: 0163-6804 DOI: 10.1109/35.819903 Keywords: software engineering telecommunication computing telecommunication networks ATM IP access telephony applications circuit switching legacy telephony applications network architecture network evolution software design software development software research telecommunications networks Application software Computer architecture Intelligent networks Investments Microelectronics Power generation Research and development Telecommunication switching Wireless networks Abstract: This article deals with new telecommunications networks, the reasons for changes, and the options telecommunications are facing today. The new generation of network architecture is discussed, and two network evolution case studies are presented as well as the new role of powerful applications in the future development of networks. Special emphasis is on software research and development supporting this “new telecom world” Notes: Telecommunication networks Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8433 Author: Rekhis, Saoussen, Bouassida, Nadia, Bouaziz, Rafik, Duvallet, Claude and Sadeg, Bruno Year: 2017 Title: A new method for constructing and reusing domain specific design patterns: Application to RT domain Journal: Journal of King Saud University - Computer and Information Sciences Volume: 29 Issue: 3 Pages: 325-348 Date: 7// Short Title: A new method for constructing and reusing domain specific design patterns: Application to RT domain ISSN: 1319-1578 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jksuci.2016.04.004 Keywords: Design pattern engineering Model transformation Real-time application modeling Abstract: Domain specific design patterns capture domain knowledge and provide solutions of non trivial design problems in a specific domain. Their application improves considerably the quality of software design. In order to benefit from these advantages and to reinforce the application of these patterns, we provide, in this paper, new processes and tools for the development and the instantiation of domain specific design patterns, especially those intended for real-time domain. Initially, we propose a pattern development process that guides pattern developers in the construction of patterns. The proposed process defines unification rules that apply a set of comparison criteria on various applications in the pattern domain. This process is illustrated through the design of the controller pattern. Moreover, we propose a process guiding the application designers in pattern instantiation based on model transformation. Finally, the proposed RT patterns and their development process are evaluated by calculating quality metrics and comparing the applications designed with our RT patterns and others developed by experts without the use of our patterns. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1319157816300246 Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8850 Author: Fraser, S. and Mancl, D. Year: 2008 Title: No Silver Bullet: Software Engineering Reloaded Journal: IEEE Software Volume: 25 Issue: 1 Pages: 91-94 Short Title: No Silver Bullet: Software Engineering Reloaded ISSN: 0740-7459 DOI: 10.1109/MS.2008.14 Keywords: decision making object-oriented programming software engineering decision-making tool silver bullet Application software Books Leg Object oriented programming Operating systems Project management Silver Software design Software tools Frederick Brooks complexity computing information technology and systems organizational impact Abstract: A celebratory panel took place at the 22nd International Conference on object-oriented programming, systems, languages, and applications in Montreal. The occasion was the 20th anniversary of Fred Brooks' paper "no silver bullet: essence and accidents of software engineering." Fred suggested that useful solutions must address inherent complexity observing that object-oriented techniques have come closest to achieving this goal. David described a "silver bullet" as a technique that requires no training or experience to apply a silver bullet should find its mark without aim. Software engineering as a discipline has expanded significantly, both in terms of system complexity and the community's global extent. "no silver bullet" continues to be both an enjoyable must-read and an influential reference. People use languages without the ideas, so the object community still has much to do. It is nice to know that, when all else fails us, we have an innate decision-making tool to fall back on. Notes: just book review Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8370 Author: Sundell, Hakan and Tsigas, Philippas Year: 2009 Title: NOBLE: non-blocking programming support via lock-free shared abstract data types Journal: SIGARCH Comput. Archit. News Volume: 36 Issue: 5 Pages: 80-87 Short Title: NOBLE: non-blocking programming support via lock-free shared abstract data types ISSN: 0163-5964 DOI: 10.1145/1556444.1556455 Legal Note: 1556455 Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 7948 Author: Dekel, Uri and Herbsleb, James D. Year: 2007 Title: Notation and representation in collaborative object-oriented design: an observational study Journal: SIGPLAN Not. Volume: 42 Issue: 10 Pages: 261-280 Short Title: Notation and representation in collaborative object-oriented design: an observational study ISSN: 0362-1340 DOI: 10.1145/1297105.1297047 Legal Note: 1297047 Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 7949 Author: Dekel, Uri and Herbsleb, James D. Year: 2007 Title: Notation and representation in collaborative object-oriented design: an observational study Conference Name: Proceedings of the 22nd annual ACM SIGPLAN conference on Object-oriented programming systems and applications Conference Location: Montreal, Quebec, Canada Publisher: ACM Pages: 261-280 DOI: 10.1145/1297027.1297047 Place Published: 1297047 Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 8300 Author: Chu, Yaohan, Peters, Larry and Scott, Leighton Year: 1978 Title: Notations For Software Specification And Design (Panel Discussion) Conference Name: Proceedings of the 1978 annual conference Conference Location: Washington, D.C., USA Publisher: ACM Pages: 460 DOI: 10.1145/800127.804147 Place Published: 804147 Notes: Chairman - Leonard Tripp Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9262 Author: Donghui, Wang, Fei, Xiao, Min, Chen and Weihua, Zhang Year of Conference: 2010 Title: Notice of Retraction
A distributed integrated environment for water ramjet performance evaluation Conference Name: 2010 International Conference on Computer Application and System Modeling (ICCASM 2010) Volume: 13 Pages: V13-283-V13-287 Date: 22-24 Oct. 2010 Short Title: Notice of Retraction
A distributed integrated environment for water ramjet performance evaluation ISBN: 2161-9069 DOI: 10.1109/ICCASM.2010.5622762 Keywords: CAD jet engines mechanical engineering computing performance evaluation propulsion software architecture performance evaluation method propulsion system software architecture design software implementation architecture water ramjet design Educational institutions Ignition Software Visualization J2EE performance evaluation methods water ramjet Abstract: Notice of Retraction

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Water ramjet is a new concept of propulsion system, in order to integrate its latest research results and establish water ramjet performance evaluation methods to guide the design of water ramjet, a distributed integrated environment for water ramjet performance evaluation based on J2EE was constructed in this paper, the software architecture design, software implementation architecture and key technologies were presented in detail, and finally a prototype of water ramjet based on the performance evaluation environment was given, application results verify the effectiveness of the system. Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9216 Author: Guo, Yan-ping and Feng, kai Year of Conference: 2011 Title: Notice of Retraction
Analysis and design of the control strategy of double-roller rewinding Conference Name: 2011 IEEE Power Engineering and Automation Conference Volume: 3 Pages: 278-281 Date: 8-9 Sept. 2011 Short Title: Notice of Retraction
Analysis and design of the control strategy of double-roller rewinding DOI: 10.1109/PEAM.2011.6135062 Keywords: control system analysis control system synthesis field buses machine windings pressure control Profibus-DP field bus technology control strategy analysis control strategy design double-roller rewinding high-velocity rewinder load distributing control tension control varying-frequency control system Control systems DC motors Drives Frequency control Frequency conversion Process control Torque constant tension fieldbus load distribute rewinder varying-frequency control Abstract: Notice of Retraction

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According to the technical control requirements of the rewinder's working process, the paper analyzes in detail the tension control, load distributing control and pressure control strategy,and puts forward a rewinder's varying-frequency control system which is based on Profibus-DP field bus technology, and introduces in detail the system composition and software design. The practical operation results indicate that this control system has a high precision, runs steadily and trustily, is easy to run and monitor, and so on., it satisfies the control demand of the high-velocity rewinder. Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9396 Author: Li, D. and Jin, R. Year of Conference: 2009 Title: Notice of Retraction
Design and Implication of the Great-Capacity Auto-Charging Equipment Conference Name: 2009 International Conference on Information Engineering and Computer Science Pages: 1-6 Date: 19-20 Dec. 2009 Short Title: Notice of Retraction
Design and Implication of the Great-Capacity Auto-Charging Equipment ISBN: 2156-7379 DOI: 10.1109/ICIECS.2009.5365472 Keywords: battery chargers digital signal processing chips secondary cells switching circuits DSP controller Fuzzy-PID methods HF SPS Matlab charging rate digital-signal controller fast charging great-capacity automatic charging equipment high-frequency switching power supply intermittent pulse charging waveform software/hardware storage battery Automatic control Batteries Circuits Digital signal processing Hardware Insulated gate bipolar transistors Power supplies Rectifiers Temperature control Voltage control Abstract: Notice of Retraction

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Design and Implication of the great-capacity automatic charging equipment for storage battery controlled by DSP is introduced in this paper. Grounded on the HF SPS (High-Frequency Switching Power Supply), design and implementation of software/hardware is introduced for the digital-signal controller based on a TMS320LF2407. At the beginning of software design, the tool-box of simulink is used in Matlab, adopting Fuzzy-PID methods to simulate the controlling part of the charging equipment, then the results of simulation will be used in DSP controller and change the parameters of Kp, Kt and Kd in PID controller. In this way, the excellent charging curve can be simulated and reach a perfect effect. The experimental results showed: intermittent pulse charging waveform was an effective method of fast charging, achieving the function of the depolarization of the batteries, promoting the charging efficiency, expediting the charging rate, shortening the charging time in this equipment. Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9415 Author: Fu-Zhuan, Wu, Bing-Xin, Wu and Yu-Bin, Liu Year of Conference: 2009 Title: Notice of Retraction
Design and realization of the brushless DC motor without position sensor control system bASED on DSP Conference Name: 2009 International Conference on Machine Learning and Cybernetics Volume: 4 Pages: 1939-1942 Date: 12-15 July 2009 Short Title: Notice of Retraction
Design and realization of the brushless DC motor without position sensor control system bASED on DSP ISBN: 2160-133X DOI: 10.1109/ICMLC.2009.5212230 Keywords: brushless DC motors machine control DSP PID control brushless DC motor expert intelligent system passive filtering position sensor control system terminal voltage Control systems Digital signal processing Hardware Intelligent sensors Phase detection Rotors Sensor systems Software design Voltage control External reference voltage Fuzzy PID TMS320F2812 Without position sensor Abstract: Notice of Retraction

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The Paper Introduces a kind of control system of brushless DC motor without position sensor based on TMS320LF2812 DSP. It research on the detecting schemes of rotor position, meanwhile, analysis the hardware and software design of control system and PID control strategy, this paper focuses on the eliminating method of the phase-shifting after the terminal voltage through passive filtering. The paper adopts Expert Intelligent System to realize the commutation, improves the A/D precision of DSP using the external reference voltage .the system could greatly simplify the structure of the hardware, and make the motor control more extremely stable. Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9380 Author: Tao, W., Chen, X., Li, L. and Jin, Y. Year of Conference: 2010 Title: Notice of Retraction
Design of Distribution Automation Terminal Based on DSP Conference Name: 2010 Asia-Pacific Power and Energy Engineering Conference Pages: 1-4 Date: 28-31 March 2010 Short Title: Notice of Retraction
Design of Distribution Automation Terminal Based on DSP ISBN: 2157-4839 DOI: 10.1109/APPEEC.2010.5448617 Keywords: digital signal processing chips distribution networks hardware-software codesign local area networks power grids power system reliability DSP IEC 60870_5_101 protocol IEC 60870_5_104 protocol TMS320F2812 DSP ethernet communication power distribution automation terminal hardware software design system reliability zero-sequence current Current measurement Design automation Digital signal processing Ethernet networks Hardware IEC standards Power distribution Protocols Reliability Abstract: Notice of Retraction

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This paper presents a design of power distribution automation terminal based on TMS320F2812 DSP, describes the distribution automation terminal hardware and software design, and studies to improve the system reliability and accuracy of measurement and calculation, especially the accuracy of zero-sequence current. It describes the design methods of Ethernet communication and implements the protocol IEC 60870_5_101 and IEC 60870_5_104, which makes the FTU not only can use serial port with the non-equilibrium mode of the protocol 101 to communicate with the master station, but also can use the Ethernet in a balanced mode of the protocol 104 to communicate with the master station. Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 8806 Author: Xi, Z., Huang, D., Huang, W. and Tang, R. Year of Conference: 2010 Title: Notice of Retraction
Design of Synchronous Sampling System Based on ATT7022C Conference Name: 2010 Asia-Pacific Power and Energy Engineering Conference Pages: 1-4 Date: 28-31 March 2010 Short Title: Notice of Retraction
Design of Synchronous Sampling System Based on ATT7022C ISBN: 2157-4839 DOI: 10.1109/APPEEC.2010.5449116 Keywords: data acquisition microcontrollers power engineering computing power supply quality power system harmonics ATT7022C chip harmonic detection microcontroller power quality detection synchronous sampling system Costs Hardware Liquid crystal displays Power harmonic filters Power quality Sampling methods Voltage Abstract: Notice of Retraction

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Higher and higher demands of power quality detection are asked approach to the further demand to understanding of power quality. Moreover, harmonics in the grid is detected how fast and synchronous appears especially important. An approach to detect harmonics is presented in this paper. The design is mainly composed of a single ATT7022C chip and a microcontroller. Working principle is introduced firstly. Then the structure of the system is discussed. A software design approach of data acquisition, based on the chip ATT7022C and low cost DSP TMS320F2812 (F2812), is given in this paper. This design is given to verify fast speed, high detection accuracy and poor calculation. Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9539 Author: Alimoradi, Z., Shirazi, H. M., Noorizad, S., Khatoni, A. and Shahhoseini, N. Year of Conference: 2010 Title: Notice of Retraction
Design portal Enterprise services using Enterprise architecture methodology (case study : Portal Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences) Conference Name: 2010 IEEE International Conference on Advanced Management Science(ICAMS 2010) Volume: 3 Pages: 435-439 Date: 9-11 July 2010 Short Title: Notice of Retraction
Design portal Enterprise services using Enterprise architecture methodology (case study : Portal Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences) DOI: 10.1109/ICAMS.2010.5553206 Keywords: Web services electronic commerce operating systems (computers) portals software architecture Portal Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences Web service electronic service enterprise architecture methodology operating system portal enterprise service design service oriented architecture software components Book reviews Computer architecture Software systems Welding Enterprise Architecture Enterprise Portal Methodology Portal Services Service Abstract: Notice of Retraction

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Considering electronic service providing and extending it, main priorities of senior level information managers in big Enterprises in the recent years, designing and execution of portals is an efficient, known platform for substructure of service providing and combining operating system which assist in consolidation of available data and allows the further usage of them. The service oriented architecture is a school of software architecture that is built on the basis of weak connection of software components and is extending rapidly. It is an architectural model with the aim of free connection between software factors which are related to each other. Also a web service is one of the best solutions to execute service oriented architecture. The methodology of service oriented architecture meets the needs of the Enterprises that their projects are shaped on the basis of methods and steps and their products, guides and procedures shall be standard. This is due to the portals capability of consolidated informing and service providing which by itself provides the necessary background for service providing to public. Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9595 Author: Yanxia, Jia and Yonglei, Tao Year of Conference: 2010 Title: Notice of Retraction
Developing an abstract model of data structures via model refinement Conference Name: 2010 3rd International Conference on Computer Science and Information Technology Volume: 3 Pages: 290-294 Date: 9-11 July 2010 Short Title: Notice of Retraction
Developing an abstract model of data structures via model refinement DOI: 10.1109/ICCSIT.2010.5563601 Keywords: abstract data types data models software engineering abstract model development data structure design data structures representation model refinement Atmospheric modeling Organizations USA Councils Variable speed drives Model Transformation Software Design Abstract: Notice of Retraction

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Data structure design typically involves creating an abstract model of data structures and defining an appropriate representation of the data structures on the basis of the abstract model. As standardized frameworks of data structures are widely used, the focus is increasingly placed on developing an abstract model that enables a seamless integration of framework classes into the intended application. In this paper, we describe an approach to developing an abstract model of data structures via model refinement. Our approach distinguishes design considerations that play different conceptual roles and use them incrementally to guide model development. We present a case study to demonstrate its effectiveness in data structure design. Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 8920 Author: Amini, A., Riahi, H., Karimzadegan, D. and Vahdat, D. Year of Conference: 2010 Title: Notice of Retraction
GIS software architecture based on SOA concept and OGC standards Conference Name: 2010 2nd International Conference on Computer Engineering and Technology Volume: 4 Pages: V4-424-V4-431 Date: 16-18 April 2010 Short Title: Notice of Retraction
GIS software architecture based on SOA concept and OGC standards DOI: 10.1109/ICCET.2010.5485491 Keywords: geographic information systems open systems software architecture GIS software architecture OGC standard SOA concept business alignment geographic information system interoperability problem open geospatial consortium service-oriented architecture Application software Collaboration Computer architecture Information analysis Information technology Semiconductor optical amplifiers Service oriented architecture Software standards OGC OWS SOA Abstract: Notice of Retraction

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Today GIS (Geographic Information Systems) applications are mainly hurt both from interoperability problems between internal software components and poor support of real enterprise requirements. Despite considerable efforts for improving current approaches on GIS application development in recent years, there has been no specific attempt to solve this problem in an integrated manner, covering GIS applications interoperability and business alignment concerns together. This paper offers a high level approach with some useful patterns to overcome this challenge and introduce a minimum architecture for it. The key is to bring together the valuable unification of Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA) concepts and Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC) standards. The most obvious difference between this study and various activities which uses these two components together is evolving around the idea that SOA would not be considered as a utility for better GIS application development. SOA is considered as the base conceptual architecture in this study which not only solves the GIS development concerns but also meets real enterprise needs. Also the architecture tries to apply OGC specifications as much as possible for interoperability and agility concerns because of its common-acceptance in the GIS industry. Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9154 Author: Liu, L., Zhu, X. D. and Hao, X. L. Year of Conference: 2013 Title: Notice of Retraction
Maintainability metrics of software architecture based on symbol connector Conference Name: 2013 International Conference on Quality, Reliability, Risk, Maintenance, and Safety Engineering (QR2MSE) Pages: 1564-1567 Date: 15-18 July 2013 Short Title: Notice of Retraction
Maintainability metrics of software architecture based on symbol connector DOI: 10.1109/QR2MSE.2013.6625873 Keywords: software architecture software maintenance software metrics connection semantics maintainability metrics ripple-effect software architecture maintainability symbol connector Computer architecture Connectors Graphical user interfaces Software Software measurement Abstract: Notice of Retraction

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Software maintainability largely depends on architecture design. The maintainability metrics in architecture phase can offer a basis for the choice of many architecture design projects, and can identify the best architecture design. In order to measure software architecture maintainability, firstly, six kind symbol connectors and their connection semantics are defined according to the relationship between components, and software architecture is described based on symbol connector; Then the ripple-effect of architecture change based on symbol connectors are analyzed, and software architecture maintainability is obtained through computing propagated numbers of connectors; Lastly, by applying this method to a case, the feasibility and effectiveness of the method is fully validated. Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9526 Author: Shi, X. and Zhang, S. Year of Conference: 2013 Title: Notice of Retraction
Research on the construction of business training system about equipment maintenance management Conference Name: 2013 International Conference on Quality, Reliability, Risk, Maintenance, and Safety Engineering (QR2MSE) Pages: 1571-1573 Date: 15-18 July 2013 Short Title: Notice of Retraction
Research on the construction of business training system about equipment maintenance management DOI: 10.1109/QR2MSE.2013.6625875 Keywords: computer based training maintenance engineering military computing military equipment software engineering business training system construction circulating process system structure equipment maintenance management system software design system construction frame Business Information systems Organizing Software Training business training system circulating process equipment maintenance management Abstract: Notice of Retraction

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This paper analyzes the construction about present condition of Equipment Maintenance Management System, and puts forward the main function about system construction and demonstrates the system construction frame form three aspects of whole circulating process system structure, circulating process and software design. Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9377 Author: Sadeghi, A. and Fakoorrad, M. Year of Conference: 2010 Title: Notice of Retraction
Software architecture transformation approach based on architecture styles Conference Name: 2010 IEEE International Conference on Software Engineering and Service Sciences Pages: 202-208 Date: 16-18 July 2010 Short Title: Notice of Retraction
Software architecture transformation approach based on architecture styles ISBN: 2327-0586 DOI: 10.1109/ICSESS.2010.5552409 Keywords: software architecture model transformation software architecture styles software architecture transformation approach software system requirements Computer architecture Grammar Object oriented modeling Production Software systems Unified modeling language graph grammar graph transformation software architecture style Abstract: Notice of Retraction

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Software system requirements are dynamic and with passing of time are changing. To cover this changes may be caused some changes in system structure and behavior. To reply to some of this changes we need to change software system architecture. In this article we consider software architecture styles as metamodel and with using model transformation, a method has been propounded for software architecture transformation. Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9167 Author: Rong, G., Kerong, J. and Zhisen, W. Year of Conference: 2011 Title: Notice of Retraction
Study on development of device driver based on CNC system Conference Name: 2011 International Conference on Consumer Electronics, Communications and Networks (CECNet) Pages: 1707-1710 Date: 16-18 April 2011 Short Title: Notice of Retraction
Study on development of device driver based on CNC system DOI: 10.1109/CECNET.2011.5769051 Keywords: computerised numerical control device drivers network operating systems open systems real-time systems software architecture Windows CE-based open-architecture CNC system Windows CE.NET-based software architecture control system development device driver development operating system real-time control Computer numerical control Driver circuits Hardware Kernel Real time systems CNC system Device Driver Windows CE.NET real-time Abstract: Notice of Retraction

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Real-time control is very important in CNC system. Ther are lots of problems about development of control system, The idea of developing the Windows CE-based Open-architecture CNC system is proposed in This paper. With the characteristics and trend of Open-architecture CNC system, we must focued on real time control of CNC system, so we analyze the system architecture and its real time performance, and a Windows CE.NET-based software architecture of this system is also presented. Finally the developing plan of device driver on the operating system is discussing emphatically. Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9488 Author: Ye, H., Yu, H. and Gu, W. Year of Conference: 2010 Title: Notice of Retraction
Test system for single sheet iron loss Conference Name: 2010 2nd International Conference on Future Computer and Communication Volume: 3 Pages: V3-651-V3-655 Date: 21-24 May 2010 Short Title: Notice of Retraction
Test system for single sheet iron loss DOI: 10.1109/ICFCC.2010.5497462 Keywords: magnetic materials production testing sheet materials steel manufacture ARM7-based automatic measurement system fabrication technique iron core product quality silicon steel sheet single sheet iron loss soft magnetic material special steel production test system Industrial electronics Iron Loss measurement Magnetic cores Power generation Silicon Soft magnetic materials Steel System testing Transformer cores iron loss magnetic flux density measurement single sheet Abstract: Notice of Retraction

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Silicon steel sheet, mainly used for the iron core in motor, generator and transformer, is the indispensable soft magnetic material for electricity, electronics and military industry. The fabrication technique and product quality of silicon steel sheet is one of important demonstrations to measure special steel production and technology development of a country. Iron loss is a key indicator for the quality of silicon steel sheet. An ARM7-based automatic measurement system for the iron loss of single silicon steel sheet is presented in this paper. It is discussed from both theory and practical application how to measure the iron loss of single silicon steel sheet with different thickness and density under the condition of different magnetic flux density. Finally, the main components of the system: excitation circuit, power supply and software design are introduced. Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9399 Author: Chu, li-hua and Li, yi-bo Year of Conference: 2010 Title: Notice of Retraction
The design of portable remote for indoor airship Conference Name: 2010 3rd International Conference on Computer Science and Information Technology Volume: 7 Pages: 574-576 Date: 9-11 July 2010 Short Title: Notice of Retraction
The design of portable remote for indoor airship DOI: 10.1109/ICCSIT.2010.5564616 Keywords: airships analogue-digital conversion telecontrol A/D conversion hardware design indoor airship portable remote device signal emission Antennas Potentiometers SCM remote device Abstract: Notice of Retraction

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The article introduces the process to design portable remote device for indoor airship utilizing the existing remote. It mainly includes hardware design, A/D conversion and software design of signal emission. Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9379 Author: Jiang, C. Year of Conference: 2009 Title: Notice of Retraction
The Software Design of the Network Monitoring Device Based on Linux System Platform Conference Name: 2009 International Conference on Education Technology and Computer Pages: 262-264 Date: 17-20 April 2009 Short Title: Notice of Retraction
The Software Design of the Network Monitoring Device Based on Linux System Platform ISBN: 2155-1812 DOI: 10.1109/ICETC.2009.17 Keywords: Linux embedded systems monitoring software engineering video signal processing Linux operation system MCU computer network technology embedding technology network monitoring device network monitoring system software design video technology Communication system control Control systems Couplings Decoding Educational technology Protocols Technology management CPU network communication Abstract: Notice of Retraction

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As the development of the computer network technology, video technology and embedding technology, the network monitoring system based on embedding technology is becoming the main develop direction. According to the characteristic and system function requirement of Linux system platform, it designs the network communication module, including server and client. At last, it designs and implements the software module of the advanced network monitoring system device based on MCU and embedding Linux operation system. Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 8811 Author: Rajarajeswari, P., Reddy, A. R., Vasumathi, D. and Sathiyaraj, R. Year of Conference: 2014 Title: Notice of Violation of IEEE Publication Principles
A Systematic literature survey for integrating design algebra with object oriented design methods in the context of Software architecture Conference Name: 2014 International Conference on Issues and Challenges in Intelligent Computing Techniques (ICICT) Pages: 638-646 Date: 7-8 Feb. 2014 Short Title: Notice of Violation of IEEE Publication Principles
A Systematic literature survey for integrating design algebra with object oriented design methods in the context of Software architecture DOI: 10.1109/ICICICT.2014.6781354 Keywords: algebra object-oriented methods software architecture software quality architecture specifications blueprint design algebra integration object oriented design methods quality attributes research communities software architecture field software engineering activities structure complex software systems systematic literature survey Communities Computer architecture Guidelines Logic gates Organizations Software object oriented design quality attributes design alternatives Abstract: Notice of Violation of IEEE Publication Principles

"A Systematic Literature Survey for Integrating Design Algebra with Object Oriented Design Methods in the Context of Software Architecture
by P. Rajarajeswari, A. Ramamohan, D. Vasumathi, R. Sathiyaraj
In the Proceedings of the 2014 International Conference on Issues and Challenges in Intelligent Computing Techniques (ICICT), February 2014, pp. 638-646

After careful and considered review of the content and authorship of this paper by a duly constituted expert committee, this paper has been found to be in violation of IEEE's Publication Principles.

This paper contains copied portions of text from the paper cited below. The original text was copied without attribution (including appropriate references to the original author(s) and/or paper title) and without permission.

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"Software Architecture Optimization Methods: A Systematic Literature Review"
by Aldeida Aleti, Barbora Buhnova, Lars Grunske, Anne Koziolek, and Indika Meedeniya
in the IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering , Vol.39, No.5, May 2013, pp. 658-683

To structure complex software systems by architecture models and specifications and also to provide a blueprint that is the foundation for later software engineering activities. Thanks to architecture specifications, software engineers are better supported in coping with the increasing complexity of today's software systems. We have performed a Systematic literature survey and also performed analysis of different papers from different research communities. We provide research analysis on software architecture field based on the survey. We consider that a survey could help to clear some of the issues, such as what are the main topics of the sure software architecture field and - lso what type of quality attributes are more relevant to consider when working with the architecture of a software system future research are. Furthermore current status and future directions in Software architecture field are presented. Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 7873 Author: Galster, Matthias and Avgeriou, Paris Year of Conference: 2011 Title: The notion of variability in software architecture: results from a preliminary exploratory study Conference Name: Proceedings of the 5th Workshop on Variability Modeling of Software-Intensive Systems Conference Location: Namur, Belgium Publisher: ACM Pages: 59-67 Short Title: The notion of variability in software architecture: results from a preliminary exploratory study DOI: 10.1145/1944892.1944899 Place Published: 1944899 Abstract: Context: In the software product line domain, the concept of variability is well recognized. However, variability in the context of software architecture still seems to be poorly understood. Objective: In this paper, we aim at contributing to the development of a basic understanding of the notion of variability in the software architecture domain, beyond the idea of product lines. Method: We perform a preliminary exploratory study which consists of two parts: an expert survey among 11 subjects, and a mini focus group with 4 participants. For both parts, we collect and analyze mostly qualitative data. Results: Our observations indicate that there seems to be no common understanding of "variability" in the context of software architecture. On the other hand, some challenges related to variability in software architecture are similar to challenges identified in the product line domain. Conclusions: Variability in software architecture might require more theoretical foundations in order to establish "variability" as an architectural key concept and first-class quality attribute. 'File' Atttachments: internal-pdf://3983383324/The notion of variability in software architec.pdf Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8658 Author: Bender, Holly S. and Danielson, Jared A. Year: 2011 Title: A Novel Educational Tool for Teaching Diagnostic Reasoning and Laboratory Data Interpretation to Veterinary (and Medical) Students Journal: Clinics in Laboratory Medicine Volume: 31 Issue: 1 Pages: 201-215 Date: 3// Short Title: A Novel Educational Tool for Teaching Diagnostic Reasoning and Laboratory Data Interpretation to Veterinary (and Medical) Students ISSN: 0272-2712 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cll.2010.10.007 Keywords: Clinical pathology Case based learning Problem solving Diagnostic reasoning Expert thinking Cognitive tool Learning Software design and development URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0272271210001496 Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9630 Author: McIntosh, S. Kranjac Year of Conference: 2000 Title: NTDR INFOSEC: software security and the 80486 microprocessor Conference Name: MILCOM 2000 Proceedings. 21st Century Military Communications. Architectures and Technologies for Information Superiority (Cat. No.00CH37155) Volume: 2 Pages: 1042-1048 vol.2 Date: 2000 Short Title: NTDR INFOSEC: software security and the 80486 microprocessor DOI: 10.1109/MILCOM.2000.904089 Keywords: cryptography data integrity digital radio microcomputer applications operating systems (computers) software architecture telecommunication computing telecommunication security 80486 microprocessor Mercury NTDR NTDR INFOSEC Near Term Digital Radio descriptor tables gates privilege levels protected mode environment real mode environment security software segments software assurance software design software security software-based secure communication system task state segments trusted operating environment Aerospace industry Automatic control Communication industry Communication system security Image segmentation Information security Microprocessors Operating systems Protection Abstract: This paper discusses one of the first efforts of developing a software-based secure communication system that bases security on a combination of hardware and software design features. The paper starts with an overview of the security relevant features of the 80486 architecture and draws a contrast between the protected and real mode environments of the 80486 microprocessor. In particular, protected mode features including segments, descriptor tables, gates, privilege levels and task state segments are presented as a prelude to a more detailed discussion of each feature. The value of each of these features in the development of a trusted operating environment is explored. This groundwork in place, the paper describes the application of the 80486 features to the development of security software for the Mercury NTDR (Near Term Digital Radio). The detailed description of the software architecture closes with a discussion of the role of the 80486 features in software assurance Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 8160 Author: Arslan, Ebru Year: 2009 Title: Nuclear, biological and chemical (NBC) attack simulation base on expert system Conference Name: Proceedings of the 2009 Summer Computer Simulation Conference Conference Location: Istanbul, Turkey Publisher: Society for Modeling & Simulation International Pages: 391-394 Place Published: 2349560 Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8188 Author: Pandey, R. K. Year: 2011 Title: Object constraint language (OCL): past, present and future Journal: SIGSOFT Softw. Eng. Notes Volume: 36 Issue: 1 Pages: 1-4 Short Title: Object constraint language (OCL): past, present and future ISSN: 0163-5948 DOI: 10.1145/1921532.1921543 Legal Note: 1921543 Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8516 Author: Mackie, Robert Ian Year: 2007 Title: Object oriented implementation of distributed finite element analysis in .NET Journal: Advances in Engineering Software Volume: 38 Issue: 11–12 Pages: 726-737 Date: 11// Short Title: Object oriented implementation of distributed finite element analysis in .NET ISSN: 0965-9978 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.advengsoft.2006.08.028 Keywords: Object-oriented programming Finite element analysis Distributed analysis Parallel computing .NET Abstract: The paper describes a detailed study into the object-oriented implementation of distributed finite element analysis on desktop computers using the .NET framework. The software design aspects are described in some detail for both direct and iterative solution algorithms. The use of interfaces played an important role in the software design. This, together with the .NET framework, enabled remote objects to be implemented in a relatively seamless fashion. The solution routines were “blind” to whether the objects were local or remote. Numerical tests were carried out and reasonable speed-up was achieved, particularly for direct solution methods. It is concluded that .NET provides a viable framework for implementing distributed computing on networks of personal computers. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0965997806002018 Access Date: 2007/12// Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 8909 Author: Erdemir, U., Tekin, U. and Buzluca, F. Year of Conference: 2011 Title: Object Oriented Software Clustering Based on Community Structure Conference Name: 2011 18th Asia-Pacific Software Engineering Conference Pages: 315-321 Date: 5-8 Dec. 2011 Short Title: Object Oriented Software Clustering Based on Community Structure ISBN: 1530-1362 DOI: 10.1109/APSEC.2011.33 Keywords: directed graphs object-oriented methods pattern clustering software architecture software maintenance agglomerative hierarchical clustering algorithm community structure directed weighted graphs fast community detection algorithm object oriented software clustering procedural program software architecture recovery software design software developers software system Algorithm design and analysis Clustering algorithms Communities Partitioning algorithms Software algorithms Software systems Program Comprehension Reverse Engineering Software Clustering Abstract: Software comprehension plays a critical role in software maintenance. Understanding a software system is not an easy task because in most cases documentation of software design is outdated, incomplete or absent. Therefore support of tools and algorithms are necessary for software developers to understand software quicker and easier. Clustering algorithms have been widely used for software architecture recovery. Their performance depends not only on the algorithm itself but also on the nature of the software system. For example, an algorithm that is successful for a procedural program or a small software system or might be unsuccessful for a large system developed in object-oriented paradigm. In this paper, we propose the adaption of the fast community detection algorithm for object-oriented software clustering and evaluate its performance with other clustering algorithms in the literature. It is an agglomerative hierarchical clustering algorithm that has been introduced to find communities in networks. The algorithm can operate on directed weighted graphs and it has a considerable speed advantage over other algorithms. Experimental results show that the algorithm also performs well for clustering object-oriented systems. Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8458 Author: Stefanovic, Miladin Year: 2013 Title: The objectives, architectures and effects of distance learning laboratories for industrial engineering education Journal: Computers & Education Volume: 69 Pages: 250-262 Date: 11// Short Title: The objectives, architectures and effects of distance learning laboratories for industrial engineering education ISSN: 0360-1315 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2013.07.011 Keywords: Engineering education Distance learning laboratories Remote control Virtual Simulation Abstract: The concept of laboratories for distance (e-learning) with remotely controlled laboratory set-ups or virtual laboratories with different simulations have an important role in industrial engineering education and training. Although the concept is not new, there are a number of open issues that should be solved. This paper will present the fundamental objectives of learning through distance learning laboratories as well as the special issues connected with these labs, including their effectiveness. Other important questions will be addressed such as pre requests for remote controlled/virtual labs according to different stakeholders, different architectures will be compared and, finally, evaluations and students' feedback will be presented. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0360131513001784 Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8631 Author: Heintz, Timothy J. Year: 1991 Title: An object-oriented approach to planning and managing software development projects Journal: Information & Management Volume: 20 Issue: 4 Pages: 281-293 Date: 4// Short Title: An object-oriented approach to planning and managing software development projects ISSN: 0378-7206 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0378-7206(91)90020-3 Keywords: Project management Object-oriented programming Planning knowledge representation Artificial intelligence Software design and development Abstract: An object-oriented systems development approach is applied to the planning and control of software development projects with the objective examining places where the computer can provide “intelligent” facilitation of the process. An application design is presented that is based on the procedures used by a moderately sized custom software house. Smalltalk language object classes are defined for project entities such as client, objectives, functions, tasks, and resources. Other objects are used to generate functional and implementation plans and to provide routine reporting, maintenance, and control of active projects. Historical project data can be used to update a planning knowledge base. A constraint directed planning algorithm is used to assign resources and schedule tasks, and points within the system where project management “expertise” can be embedded within the system are identified. It is concluded that the concepts presented within this paper could be extended into related systems design and group decision making activities. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0378720691900203 Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9359 Author: Furda, A. and Vlacic, L. Year of Conference: 2010 Title: An object-oriented design of a World Model for autonomous city vehicles Conference Name: 2010 IEEE Intelligent Vehicles Symposium Pages: 1054-1059 Date: 21-24 June 2010 Short Title: An object-oriented design of a World Model for autonomous city vehicles ISBN: 1931-0587 DOI: 10.1109/IVS.2010.5548138 Keywords: application program interfaces decision making object-oriented programming traffic engineering computing 3D simulation application programming interface autonomous city vehicles autonomous vehicle control system decision making subsystem object-oriented design on-board sensors road traffic environment software component software design patterns Cities and towns Communication system control Communication system traffic control Control system synthesis Mobile robots Object oriented modeling Remotely operated vehicles Road vehicles Traffic control Vehicle driving Abstract: This paper presents an object-oriented world model for the road traffic environment of autonomous (driver-less) city vehicles. The developed World Model is a software component of the autonomous vehicle's control system, which represents the vehicle's view of its road environment. Regardless whether the information is a priori known, obtained through on-board sensors, or through communication, the World Model stores and updates information in real-time, notifies the decision making subsystem about relevant events, and provides access to its stored information. The design is based on software design patterns, and its application programming interface provides both asynchronous and synchronous access to its information. Experimental results of both a 3D simulation and real-world experiments show that the approach is applicable and real-time capable. Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 8328 Author: Sebasti, #225, Blaustein, n, Oliveto, Fernando, V, Dr., #237 and Braberman, ctor Year: 2002 Title: Observing timed systems by means of message sequence chart graphs Conference Name: Proceedings of the 24th International Conference on Software Engineering Conference Location: Orlando, Florida Publisher: ACM Pages: 707-707 DOI: 10.1145/581339.581458 Place Published: 581458 Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9546 Author: Argiro, S., Nellen, L., Paul, T. C., Porter, T. and Prado, L. Year of Conference: 2004 Title: The offline software framework of the Pierre Auger Observatory Conference Name: IEEE Symposium Conference Record Nuclear Science 2004. Volume: 3 Pages: 1862-1866 Vol. 3 Date: 16-22 Oct. 2004 Short Title: The offline software framework of the Pierre Auger Observatory ISBN: 1082-3654 DOI: 10.1109/NSSMIC.2004.1462607 Keywords: C++ language Cherenkov counters cosmic ray apparatus cosmic ray showers data analysis file organisation Pierre Auger Observatory atmospheric fluorescence detectors client code data sources event-dependent detector information extensive air shower detection fluorescence array detector highest energy cosmic rays multiformat file handling object oriented C++ offline software design surface array detector time-dependent detector information user-contributed configuration files water Cherenkov tanks Algorithm design and analysis Atmospheric modeling Collaborative software Cosmic rays Detectors Fluorescence Object oriented modeling Observatories Sensor arrays Software design Abstract: The Pierre Auger Observatory is designed to unveil the nature and the origin of the highest energy cosmic rays through the detection of extensive air showers, using a hybrid fluorescence/surface array detector. It will consist of two sites, one currently under construction in Argentina and another pending in the Northern hemisphere. Each site comprises a ground array of approximately 1600 water Cherenkov tanks overlooked by four atmospheric fluorescence detectors. The large and geographically dispersed collaboration, and the heterogeneous set of simulation and reconstruction requirements pose some special challenges to the offline software design. We have designed and implemented a framework to allow collaborators to contribute algorithms and sequencing instructions to build up the variety of applications they require. The framework includes machinery to manage client code, to organize the abundance of user-contributed configuration files, to facilitate multiformat file handling, and to provide access to event and time-dependent detector information which can reside in various data sources. The framework is implemented in C++, follows an object oriented paradigm, and takes advantage of some of the more widespread tools that the open source community offers, while keeping the client-side simple enough for C++ non-experts. Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 8231 Author: #246, Henss, rg, Merkle, Philipp and Reussner, Ralf H. Year: 2013 Title: The OMPCM simulator for model-based software performance prediction: poster abstract Conference Name: Proceedings of the 6th International ICST Conference on Simulation Tools and Techniques Conference Location: Cannes, France Publisher: ICST (Institute for Computer Sciences, Social-Informatics and Telecommunications Engineering) Pages: 354-357 Place Published: 2512787 Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8612 Author: Heliades, G. P. and Edmonds, E. A. Year: 1999 Title: On facilitating knowledge transfer in software design Journal: Knowledge-Based Systems Volume: 12 Issue: 7 Pages: 391-395 Date: 11// Short Title: On facilitating knowledge transfer in software design ISSN: 0950-7051 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0950-7051(99)00039-8 Keywords: Software design Design rationale Expertise transfer systems Abstract: This paper presents a discussion of the facilitation of expertise sharing among software design stakeholders. LOUIS, a prototype research tool, helps to capture much of the contextual information and knowledge in early design meetings that are very often lost soon after the meetings are over. Using LOUIS as a basis, we consider knowledge and skill transfer effects in software design tasks. Results from trials indicate that, although not entirely sufficient, process-related knowledge, in the form of argumentation, is useful to software designers who have reason to re-use that knowledge. A list of recommendations on how those knowledge transfer effects can be further facilitated is provided. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0950705199000398 Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8543 Author: Ounalli, H. and Jaoua, A. Year: 1996 Title: On fuzzy difunctional relations Journal: Information Sciences Volume: 95 Issue: 3–4 Pages: 219-232 Date: 12// Short Title: On fuzzy difunctional relations ISSN: 0020-0255 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0020-0255(96)00142-9 Abstract: Difunctional relations have proved to play an important role in software design and in database theory. On the other hand, the concept of fuzzy set has received increasing attention from researchers in a wide range of scientific areas, especially in computer science. This paper extends difunctional relations in the framework of fuzzy relations with max-min composition for the purpose of gaining a better understanding of their properties, their structure, and their behavior. One motivation for this is to study fuzzy difunctional dependencies in the framework of the fuzzy relational data model. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0020025596001429 Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 8104 Author: Downey, Jack and Babar, Muhammad Ali Year: 2008 Title: On identifying the skills needed for software architects Conference Name: Proceedings of the first international workshop on Leadership and management in software architecture Conference Location: Leipzig, Germany Publisher: ACM Pages: 1-6 DOI: 10.1145/1373307.1373309 Place Published: 1373309 Abstract: This position paper claims that software architects need a unique set of skills that may be difficult to gain solely from academic qualifications and/or training courses. We believe that socio-cognitive factors and artifacts with which software engineers work have a vital role in identifying the skill-set for software architects. Based on social cognitive theory and an artifact-centric framework, we have designed an instrument to investigate the skills needed by software architects. We believe that such an instrument will enable researchers and practitioners to gather the skill-set information by considering the personal traits of software architects, their behaviors, and the organization they work in together with the artifacts they use. This paper explains how the different concepts of social cognitive theory and an artifact-centric framework can stimulate discussion with software architects in order to gather information about their skills. We also briefly describe our experience of using this instrument in a pilot study. Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 8942 Author: Padget, J., Elakehal, E. E., Satoh, K. and Ishikawa, F. Year of Conference: 2014 Title: On requirements representation and reasoning using answer set programming Conference Name: 2014 IEEE 1st International Workshop on Artificial Intelligence for Requirements Engineering (AIRE) Pages: 35-42 Date: 26-26 Aug. 2014 Short Title: On requirements representation and reasoning using answer set programming DOI: 10.1109/AIRE.2014.6894854 Keywords: artificial intelligence business data processing formal languages formal specification logic programming object-oriented programming program verification software architecture system monitoring InstAL adaptive business systems agile systems answer set programming artificial intelligence techniques autonomous components business system development commercial software development computational model distributed intelligent systems distributed system monitoring dynamic redirection e-tailing formal language metamodel normative framework application normative framework specification normative framework verification requirement reasoning requirement representation robot controls runtime monitor runtime requirements software engineering Business Cognition Computational modeling Monitoring Programming Social network services Software Abstract: We describe an approach to the representation of requirements using answer set programming and how this leads to a vision for the role of artificial intelligence techniques in software engineering with a particular focus on adaptive business systems. We outline how the approach has developed over several years through a combination of commercial software development and artificial intelligence research, resulting in: (i) a metamodel that incorporates the notion of runtime requirements, (ii) a formal language for their representation and its supporting computational model (InstAL), and (iii) a software architecture that enables monitoring of distributed systems. The metamodel is the result of several years experience in the development of business systems for e-tailing, while InstAL and the runtime monitor is on-going research to support the specification, verification and application of normative frameworks in distributed intelligent systems. Our approach derives from the view that in order to build agile systems, the components need to be structured more like software that controls robots, in that it is designed to be relatively resilient in the face of a non-deterministic, dynamic, complex environment about which there is incomplete information. Thus, degrees of autonomy become a strength and an opportunity, but must somehow be constrained by informing these autonomous components what should be done in a certain situation or what system state ought to be achieved through norms as expressions of requirements. Because such a system made up of autonomous components is potentially behaviourally complex and not just complicated, it becomes essential to monitor both whether norms/requirements are being fulfilled and if not why not. Finally, because control over the system can be expressed through requirements in the form of data that can be changed, a route is opened to adjustment and dynamic re-direction of running systems. Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 8107 Author: Silva, Eduardo, Cavalcante, Everton, Batista, Thais, Oquendo, Flavio, Delicato, Flavia C. and Pires, Paulo F. Year: 2014 Title: On the Characterization of Missions of Systems-of-Systems Conference Name: Proceedings of the 2014 European Conference on Software Architecture Workshops Conference Location: Vienna, Austria Publisher: ACM Pages: 1-8 DOI: 10.1145/2642803.2642829 Place Published: 2642829 Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 8822 Author: Suthakorn, J., Shah, S. S. H., Jantarajit, S., Onprasert, W., Saensupo, W., Saeung, S., Nakdhamabhorn, S., Sa-Ing, V. and Reaungamornrat, S. Year of Conference: 2009 Title: On the design and development of a rough terrain robot for rescue missions Conference Name: 2008 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Biomimetics Pages: 1830-1835 Date: 22-25 Feb. 2009 Short Title: On the design and development of a rough terrain robot for rescue missions DOI: 10.1109/ROBIO.2009.4913280 Keywords: control system synthesis path planning telerobotics autonomous rescue robot map-generating algorithm rescue missions robot hardware components robot software architecture robot system architecture semi-autonomous rough terrain robot tele-operating rescue robots Biomedical engineering Biomimetics Communication system control Earthquakes Intelligent robots Mobile robots Robot control Shape Simultaneous localization and mapping Wireless communication SLAM mobile robot rescue robot rough terrain robot semi-autonomous robot Abstract: Rescue robots play an important role during rescue missions in disasters such as 9/11, which caused more than 2,000 deaths and thousands of injuries. However, tele-operating rescue robots are unable to perform their tasks constantly due to the limitation of current wireless communication technology. Therefore, rescue robots with the capability of performing their tasks autonomously during temporarily lost connections to the control base would be ideal. This paper introduces our development of a semi-autonomous rough terrain robot for rescue missions. The robot's hardware components, system architecture, and software architecture are described in order to provide a general overview of our robot. An alternative and comprehensive map-generating algorithm is presented and discussed. Finally, experimental setup and results from a testing arena are reported. Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 8094 Author: Decan, Alexandre, Mens, Tom, Claes, Maelick and Grosjean, Philippe Year: 2015 Title: On the Development and Distribution of R Packages: An Empirical Analysis of the R Ecosystem Conference Name: Proceedings of the 2015 European Conference on Software Architecture Workshops Conference Location: Dubrovnik, Cavtat, Croatia Publisher: ACM Pages: 1-6 DOI: 10.1145/2797433.2797476 Place Published: 2797476 Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9383 Author: Smith, B. and Williams, L. Year of Conference: 2012 Title: On the Effective Use of Security Test Patterns Conference Name: 2012 IEEE Sixth International Conference on Software Security and Reliability Pages: 108-117 Date: 20-22 June 2012 Short Title: On the Effective Use of Security Test Patterns DOI: 10.1109/SERE.2012.23 Keywords: Catalogs Natural languages Programming Security Software Storage area networks Testing black box patterns user study vulnerability Abstract: Capturing attacker behavior in a security test plan allows the systematic, repeated assessment of a system's defenses against attacks. To address the lack of security experts capable of developing effective black box security test plans, we have empirically developed an initial set of six black box security test patterns. These patterns capture the expertise involved in creating a black box security test plan in the same way that software design patterns capture design expertise. Security test patterns can enable software testers lacking security expertise (in this paper, "novices") to develop a test plan the way experts could. The goal of this paper is to evaluate the ability of novices to effectively generate black box security tests by accessing security expertise contained within security test patterns. We conducted a user study of 47 student novices, who used our six initial patterns to develop black box security test plans for six requirements from a publicly available specification for electronic health records systems. We created an oracle for the security test plan by forming a panel of researchers who manually completed the same task as the novices. We found that novices will generate a similar black box test plan to the oracle when aided by the six black box security test patterns. Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 8224 Author: Jin, Xiaoyu, Niu, Nan and Wagner, Michael Year: 2016 Title: On the impact of social network information diversity on end-user programming productivity: a foraging-theoretic study Conference Name: Proceedings of the 8th International Workshop on Social Software Engineering Conference Location: Seattle, WA, USA Publisher: ACM Pages: 15-21 DOI: 10.1145/2993283.2993284 Place Published: 2993284 Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 8282 Author: Batory, Don Year: 2009 Title: On the importance and challenges of FOSD Conference Name: Proceedings of the First International Workshop on Feature-Oriented Software Development Conference Location: Denver, Colorado, USA Publisher: ACM Pages: 1-1 DOI: 10.1145/1629716.1629718 Place Published: 1629718 Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8498 Author: Veloso, Paulo A. S. and Maibaum, Thomas S. E. Year: 1995 Title: On the Modularization Theorem for logical specifications Journal: Information Processing Letters Volume: 53 Issue: 5 Pages: 287-293 Date: 3/10/ Short Title: On the Modularization Theorem for logical specifications ISSN: 0020-0190 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0020-0190(94)00203-B Keywords: Formal specifications Data types Program correctness Program specification Software engineering Software design and implementation Theory of computation Abstract: The Modularization Property is a basic tool for guaranteeing the preservation of modular structure under refinements and its importance has been noted by several researchers. In the context of logical specifications, i.e. those presented by sets of first-order sentences of a (possibly many-sorted) language, the role played by the Modularization Property is examined and a proof of the Modularization Theorem is presented. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/002001909400203B Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 7907 Author: Ram, Aurora, #237, rez, Jos, #233, Ra, #250, Romero, l, Sebasti, #225 and Ventura, n Year: 2014 Title: On the performance of multiple objective evolutionary algorithms for software architecture discovery Conference Name: Proceedings of the 2014 Annual Conference on Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference Location: Vancouver, BC, Canada Publisher: ACM Pages: 1287-1294 DOI: 10.1145/2576768.2598310 Place Published: 2598310 Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 8139 Author: Medvidovic, Nenad Year: 2002 Title: On the role of middleware in architecture-based software development Conference Name: Proceedings of the 14th international conference on Software engineering and knowledge engineering Conference Location: Ischia, Italy Publisher: ACM Pages: 299-306 DOI: 10.1145/568760.568814 Place Published: 568814 Abstract: Software architectures promote development focused on modular functional building blocks (components), their interconnections (configurations), and their interactions (connectors). Since architecture-level components often contain complex functionality, it is reasonable to expect that their interactions will be complex as well. Middleware technologies such as CORBA, COM, and RMI, provide a set of predefined services for enabling component composition and interaction. However, the potential role of such services in the implementations of software architectures is not well understood. Furthermore, components adhering to one middleware standard cannot readily interact with those adhering to another. In order to understand the role and tradeoffs among middleware technologies in implementing architectures and enable component interoperability across middleware platforms, we have investigated a set of techniques and conducted preliminary case studies involving a particular architectural style, C2, and its implementation infrastructure. In particular, by encapsulating middleware functionality within C2's explicit software connectors, we have been able to couple C2's existing benefits such as component interchangeability, substrate independence, and structural guidance with new capabilities of multi-lingual, multi-process, and distributed application development in a manner that is transparent to architects. Furthermore, we have demonstrated the utility of our connector-based approach in enabling components implemented on top of different middleware platforms to interoperate. Though several details of our approach derive from the characteristics of the C2 style, we believe that a number of lessons learned are more generally applicable. We argue that these lessons can help form a broader research agenda for coupling the modeling power of software architectures with the implementation support provided by middleware. Notes: architecture and middleware Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 8058 Author: Pettersson, Oskar, Svensson, Martin, Gil, Didac, Andersson, Jesper and Milrad, Marcelo Year: 2010 Title: On the role of software process modeling in software ecosystem design Conference Name: Proceedings of the Fourth European Conference on Software Architecture: Companion Volume Conference Location: Copenhagen, Denmark Publisher: ACM Pages: 103-110 DOI: 10.1145/1842752.1842778 Place Published: 1842778 Abstract: Software Ecosystems (SECOs) have in recent years emerged as a promising approach for improved inter and intra organizational reuse and for reusability involving end-users in the software development process. Understanding the software's role in a larger perspective and how it interconnects with stakeholders is key for progress in those directions. However, for SECOs, several theoretical and methodological gaps remain to be charted. This paper identifies one such gap, the need for precise process modeling. It elaborates on experiences gained from the analysis of a SECO for mobile learning and brings up several aspects and insights for this particular domain. The main contributions are an initial reference model for the mobile learning domain and an outline for an analysis method for domain specific SECOs. Notes: specific solution for one problem Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 8150 Author: Barn, Balbir, Barn, Ravinder and Raimondi, Franco Year: 2015 Title: On the role of value sensitive concerns in software engineering practice Conference Name: Proceedings of the 37th International Conference on Software Engineering - Volume 2 Conference Location: Florence, Italy Publisher: IEEE Press Pages: 497-500 Place Published: 2819086 Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9212 Author: Barn, B., Barn, R. and Raimondi, F. Year of Conference: 2015 Title: On the Role of Value Sensitive Concerns in Software Engineering Practice Conference Name: 2015 IEEE/ACM 37th IEEE International Conference on Software Engineering Volume: 2 Pages: 497-500 Date: 16-24 May 2015 Short Title: On the Role of Value Sensitive Concerns in Software Engineering Practice ISBN: 0270-5257 DOI: 10.1109/ICSE.2015.182 Keywords: social aspects of automation software engineering user interfaces mainstream software engineering processes participatory design societal sustainability software systems user interface design value sensitive concerns value sensitive design Computational modeling Computers Conferences Privacy Stakeholders Unified modeling language Co-Design Requirements elicitation Values Abstract: The role of software systems on societal sustainability has generally not been the subject of substantive research activity. In this paper we examine the role of software engineering practice as an agent of change/impact for societal sustainability through the manifestation of value sensitive concerns. These concerns remain relatively neglected by software design processes except at early stages of user interface design. Here, we propose a conceptual model that can contribute to a translation of value sensitive design from its current focus in participatory design to one located in mainstream software engineering processes. Addressing this need will have an impact of societal sustainability and we outline some of the key research challenges for that journey. Reference Type: Book Section Record Number: 7845 Author: Muccini, Henry, Tamburri, Damian A. and Smrithi Rekha, V. Year: 2015 Title: On the Social Dimensions of Architectural Decisions Editor: Weyns, Danny, Mirandola, Raffaela and Crnkovic, Ivica Book Title: Software Architecture: 9th European Conference, ECSA 2015, Dubrovnik/Cavtat, Croatia, September 7-11, 2015. Proceedings Place Published: Cham Publisher: Springer International Publishing Pages: 137-145 Short Title: On the Social Dimensions of Architectural Decisions ISBN: 978-3-319-23727-5 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-23727-5_11 Label: Muccini2015 Abstract: An architecture is recognised to be the output of a (group) design decision process. This process typically involves multiple stakeholders composed into a group with a socio-technical connotation. URL: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-23727-5_11 Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8502 Author: Van Trees, Stephen P. and Frieder, Ophir Year: 1991 Title: On the specification and implementation of X.25 using CSP and OCCAM Journal: Microprocessing and Microprogramming Volume: 32 Issue: 1–5 Pages: 739-744 Date: 8// Short Title: On the specification and implementation of X.25 using CSP and OCCAM ISSN: 0165-6074 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0165-6074(91)90430-2 Abstract: The need for formal specification of data communications protocols plays an important role in modern protocol development. The use of parallel-processing technology promises significant performance gains in support of modern bandwidth-intensive applications. The paper concerns the implementation of a formally specified data communications protocol. The paper describes the CSP specification and occam implementation of the X.25 LAPB (ISO layer two) protocol. The development process, the software architecture, and the parallel computing environment are presented in the paper. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0165607491904302 Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9356 Author: Wenker, R., Legendre, C., Ferraguto, M., Tipaldi, M., Wortmann, A., Moellmann, C. and Rosskamp, D. Year of Conference: 2017 Title: On-board software architecture in MTG satellite Conference Name: 2017 IEEE International Workshop on Metrology for AeroSpace (MetroAeroSpace) Pages: 318-323 Date: 21-23 June 2017 Short Title: On-board software architecture in MTG satellite DOI: 10.1109/MetroAeroSpace.2017.7999588 Keywords: aerospace computing aerospace testing artificial satellites software architecture MTG satellite OBSW design layered SW-component based architecture meteosat third generation satellite platform on-board software architecture satellite integration satellite testing system-level requirements Computer architecture Hardware Payloads Satellites Software Space vehicles Unified modeling language Layered software architecture SW Design patterns SW model-driven design Software frameworks Spacecraft On-Board SW Unified Modeling Language (UML) Abstract: Satellites are becoming increasingly software dependent. Due to the growth in computer hardware performance and the increasing complexity of space missions, On-Board Software (OBSW) plays nowadays a relevant role in implementing complex system-level requirements. In addition to this, stakeholders need to have preliminary OBSW versions to support satellite integration, testing, and validation activities. In this paper, we examine some technical approaches adopted for the OBSW design for the Meteosat Third Generation Satellite (MTG) platform in order to solve both programmatic and technical issues. In particular, we present its layered SW-component based architecture as well as some design patterns for recurrent issues, the latter providing means for ensuring correctness in SW components interactions by construction, flexibility, and reusable concepts. Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9551 Author: Huang, Xinbo and An, Zonggui Year of Conference: 2008 Title: An Online Dynamic Capacity-Increase System of Transmission Lines Conference Name: 2008 International Conference on Condition Monitoring and Diagnosis Pages: 675-678 Date: 21-24 April 2008 Short Title: An Online Dynamic Capacity-Increase System of Transmission Lines DOI: 10.1109/CMD.2008.4580376 Keywords: computerised monitoring conductors (electric) power engineering computing temperature measurement transmission networks ambient temperature conductor temperature expert software design hardware design master monitoring unit municipal controlling center municipal monitoring center online dynamic capacity-increase system slave monitoring unit software design solar radiation intensity transmission lines wireless communication Conductors Radiation monitoring Solar radiation Transmission line measurements Velocity measurement Wind speed Dynamic capacity increasing Latent capacity Online monitoring Abstract: An online dynamic capacity-increase system of transmission lines is produced, by which the dynamic capacity-increase of available transmission lines can be increased with no break of available rules. The slave monitoring unit is designed to measure the conductor temperature which is sent to the main monitoring by wireless communication. The master monitoring unit is designed to measure the ambient temperature, the wind speed, and the solar radiation intensity, and these data including the conductor temperature are sent to the municipal monitoring and controlling center by GSM SMS/GPRS. The latent capacity can be calculated by mole formula. The hardware design and software design of the master and slave monitoring units, and the design of expert software are introduced in this paper. Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9050 Author: Sabucedo, L. Á and Rifón, L. A. Year of Conference: 2007 Title: An Ontology Based Architecture for eGovernment Environments Conference Name: 2007 Eleventh International IEEE EDOC Conference Workshop Pages: 165-172 Date: 15-16 Oct. 2007 Short Title: An Ontology Based Architecture for eGovernment Environments DOI: 10.1109/EDOCW.2007.4 Keywords: government data processing ontologies (artificial intelligence) open systems semantic Web software architecture eGovernment environments interoperability ontology based architecture semantic Web services software architectures Boosting Computer architecture Debugging Government Ontologies Service oriented architecture System testing Telematics Abstract: Current fashion systems to interconnect large software architectures are moving toward SOA based solutions. This new paradigm for designing system can be improved, in our opinion, by using semantics. Semantics can a play a main role in boosting interoperability thanks to current technologies to express knowledge and to describe semantic Web services (SWS). This paper tackles the provision of a Software Architecture for eGovernment by means of LifeEvents, a semantic modeling tool to describe services in the domain deeply discussed in the paper. Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 7767 Author: Graaf, K. A. de, Tang, A., Liang, P. and Vliet, H. van Year of Conference: 2012 Title: Ontology-based Software Architecture Documentation Conference Name: 2012 Joint Working IEEE/IFIP Conference on Software Architecture and European Conference on Software Architecture Pages: 121-130 Date: 20-24 Aug. 2012 Short Title: Ontology-based Software Architecture Documentation DOI: 10.1109/WICSA-ECSA.212.20 Keywords: document handling file organisation information retrieval ontologies (artificial intelligence) software architecture architectural knowledge file based documents industry projects knowledge retrieval ontology based software architecture documentation semantic wiki software ontology Computer architecture Documentation Electronic publishing Information services Ontologies Semantics Software architectural knowledge retrieval software architecture documentation software architecture knowledge software ontologies Abstract: A common approach to software architecture documentation in industry projects is the use of file-based documents. This approach offers a single-dimensional perspective on the architectural knowledge contained. Knowledge retrieval from file-based architecture documentation is efficient if the perspective chosen fits the needs of the readers, it is less so if the perspective does not match the needs of the readers. In this paper we describe an approach aimed at addressing architecture documentation retrieval issues. We have employed a software ontology in a semantic wiki optimized for architecture documentation. We have evaluated this ontology-based approach in a controlled industry experiment involving software professionals. The efficiency and effectiveness of the proposed approach is found to be better than that of the file-based approach. Notes: documentation of ADDs Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9085 Author: Chai, J. and Liu, J. N. K. Year of Conference: 2010 Title: An ontology-driven framework for supporting complex decision process Conference Name: 2010 World Automation Congress Pages: 1-6 Date: 19-23 Sept. 2010 Short Title: An ontology-driven framework for supporting complex decision process ISBN: 2154-4824 Keywords: computational complexity decision making group decision support systems ontologies (artificial intelligence) software architecture Web environment complex decision process complex structure decision analysis decision path embedded ontology structure formal description group decision making group decision support system ontology driven framework selection method Decision support systems Problem-solving Semantics GDSS Ontology decision process group decision-making workshop system Abstract: The study proposes a framework of ONTOlogy-based Group Decision Support System (ONTOGDSS) for decision process which exhibits the complex structure of decision-problem and decision-group. It is capable of reducing the complexity of problem structure and group relations. The system allows decision makers to participate in group decision-making through the web environment, via the ontology relation. It facilitates the management of decision process as a whole, from criteria generation, alternative evaluation, and opinion interaction to decision aggregation. The embedded ontology structure in ONTOGDSS provides the important formal description features to facilitate decision analysis and verification. It examines the software architecture, the selection methods, the decision path, etc. Finally, the ontology application of this system is illustrated with specific real case to demonstrate its potentials towards decision-making development. Notes: system development Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 7871 Author: Erfanian, Aida and Aliee, Fereidoun Shams Year: 2008 Title: An ontology-driven software architecture evaluation method Conference Name: Proceedings of the 3rd international workshop on Sharing and reusing architectural knowledge Conference Location: Leipzig, Germany Publisher: ACM Pages: 79-86 DOI: 10.1145/1370062.1370081 Place Published: 1370081 Abstract: Software architecture evaluation has a crucial role in the life cycle of software intensive systems. In this paper we propose an approach to empower a software architecture evaluation method called the Architecture tradeoff Analysis Method (ATAM). Our approach is highly focused on the effective reusability of software architecture knowledge. We propose two ontologies focusing on the role of Attribute-Based Architectural styles (ABAS) in software architecture development and analysis. We show the effectiveness of our approach by presenting three case studies. Notes: evaluation method Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 8859 Author: Li, Zhang, Yan, R., Gao, R. X. and Lee, K. B. Year of Conference: 2007 Title: Open Architecture Software Design for Online Spindle Health Monitoring Conference Name: 2007 IEEE Instrumentation & Measurement Technology Conference IMTC 2007 Pages: 1-6 Date: 1-3 May 2007 Short Title: Open Architecture Software Design for Online Spindle Health Monitoring ISBN: 1091-5281 DOI: 10.1109/IMTC.2007.379290 Keywords: computerised monitoring machine tool spindles maintenance engineering production engineering computing user interfaces LabVIEW advanced diagnosis window analytic wavelet envelope spectrum algorithm graphical programming language human-machine interface machine expert online spindle health monitoring open architecture software design operator window smart machine tools spindle condition display spindle defect detection standard machine operator warning window Algorithm design and analysis Computer architecture Computer languages Displays Envelope detectors Monitoring Open systems Software design Software standards Software systems Analytic Wavelet Open Systems Architecture Smart Machining Systems Spindle Health Monitoring Abstract: This paper presents an open systems architecture-based software design for an online spindle health monitoring system. The software is implemented using the graphical programming language of LabVIEW, and presents the spindle health status in two types of windows: simplified spindle condition display and warning window for standard machine operators (operator window) and advanced diagnosis window for machine experts (expert window). The capability of effective and efficient spindle defect detection and localization has been realized using the analytic wavelet-based envelope spectrum algorithm. The software provides a user-friendly human-machine interface and contributes directly to the development of a new generation of smart machine tools. Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 8835 Author: Soran, Ine, Chaedeok, Lim, Geunyoung, Lee, Moonja, Kim and Han, Namgoong Year of Conference: 1995 Title: The open client-server tool to develop a homeshopping service on community network Conference Name: Community Networking, 1995. Integrated Multimedia Services to the Home., Proceedings of the Second International Workshop on Pages: 81-87 Date: 20-22 Jun 1995 Short Title: The open client-server tool to develop a homeshopping service on community network DOI: 10.1109/CN.1995.509556 Keywords: client-server systems home shopping open systems software engineering software tools telecommunication computing telecommunication networks Korea Ministry of Information and Communications application development tool application services community network computer system enterpriseware layer hardware layer homeshopping application service middleware layer open client-server software open client-server tool real time homeshopping service software architecture superhighway information communication userware layer Application software Computer architecture Computer network management Decision support systems Desktop publishing Distributed processing Hardware Middleware Road transportation System software Abstract: The open client-server software typically has a four layer hierarchy: a hardware layer, an enterpriseware layer, a middleware layer and a userware layer. Among the four layers, the middleware layer plays the most important role in the open client-server software architecture. In Korea, the Ministry of Information and Communications (MIC) is planning to provide many kinds of application services in the superhighway information communication community network. The real-time homeshopping service is probably the most typical community network service. This paper proposes an application development tool which has an open client-server concept for developing a homeshopping application service Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9603 Author: Klein, S. A. Year of Conference: 2006 Title: An open source SCADA toolkit Conference Name: 2006 IEEE Power Engineering Society General Meeting Pages: 2 pp. Date: 0-0 0 Short Title: An open source SCADA toolkit ISBN: 1932-5517 DOI: 10.1109/PES.2006.1709143 Keywords: IEC standards SCADA systems distributed power generation power distribution control power transmission control public domain software IEC-61850 standards distributed generation control distributed generation facility electric power distribution control electric power transmission control open source SCADA toolkit open source components selection open source distribution open source documentation open source licensing open source packaging software architecture toolkit-specific components development Authentication Authorization Buildings Control systems Distributed control Open source software Operating systems Power system security Standards development 61850 SCADA open source toolkit Abstract: This panel presentation addresses development of an open-source toolkit for constructing secure, next-generation (based on IEC-61850 and related standards), SCADA systems for control of electric power transmission, distribution, and distributed generation. The toolkit includes basic SCADA and control center components. It can be used in a variety of ways such as building a starter SCADA for small utilities, providing local control at a distributed generation facility, and others. The toolkit incorporates security functionality in numerous ways, including a trusted operating system platform, authentication, authorization, encryption, role based access control of SCADA objects, and other methods. Issues addressed in the presentation includes selection of open source components, development of toolkit-specific components, and development challenges and issues, such as variability of open source documentation, open source licensing and its interaction with software architecture and business model, and open source packaging and distribution Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8656 Author: Sigrimis, N., Anastasiou, A. and Vogli, V. Year: 1998 Title: An Open System for the Management and Control of Greenhouses Journal: IFAC Proceedings Volumes Volume: 31 Issue: 5 Pages: 67-72 Date: 4// Short Title: An Open System for the Management and Control of Greenhouses ISSN: 1474-6670 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S1474-6670(17)42099-4 Keywords: Control loops Computer control Knowledge based control Abstract: The development of a modern Control and Management system for greenhouses used recent advances in software design and development tools to provide a “no programming needed OPEN system”. This system, MACQU, provides a vehicle through which all research achievements can be easily implemented in the field. To effectively integrate expert system applications in a greenhouse management system, an environment was built that supports all the interfaces between AI applications and the GMS. This environment has a native fuzzy KBS system and a number of procedural control functions that can effectively interact. The development of an open KBS, in the form of tasks and subtasks, provides an elegant way of rapid program development. New rules can be added at any given time and new control scenaria may be implemented by adding new tasks. Fuzzy decisions and fuzzy controllers at the supervisory level, provide adaptive reference generators, which is a real key element in optimal greenhouse control URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1474667017420994 Reference Type: Book Section Record Number: 8563 Author: Yang, A. D., von Wedel, L. and Marquardt, W. Year: 2001 Title: An open thermodynamics server for integrated process engineering environments Editor: Rafiqul, Gani and Sten Bay, Jørgensen Book Title: Computer Aided Chemical Engineering Publisher: Elsevier Volume: Volume 9 Pages: 1121-1126 Short Title: An open thermodynamics server for integrated process engineering environments ISBN: 1570-7946 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S1570-7946(01)80180-2 Abstract: Publisher Summary Computer-aided process engineering (CAPE) practice has shown that thermodynamics software tools play a critical role in the process engineering lifecycle, including process modeling, simulation, optimization, and process design. To provide CAPE applications unified and improved thermodynamics services, a component-based open thermodynamics server (OpenThermo) has been developed. OpenThermo is able to carry out open and closed-form physical property calculations and to supply and process symbolic thermodynamic model equations. These services are provided based on the integration of individual thermodynamics resources, such as physical property databases and physical property packages. Such functionality is achieved with a layered software architecture following a resource/service-based classification of the software components that comprise the thermodynamics sever. So far, the major functionality of the service components has been implemented, and several resource components have been connected to OpenThermo. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1570794601801802 Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9437 Author: Chen, B. and Tomizuka, M. Year of Conference: 2008 Title: OpenSHM: Open Architecture Design of Structural Health Monitoring Software in Wireless Sensor Nodes Conference Name: 2008 IEEE/ASME International Conference on Mechtronic and Embedded Systems and Applications Pages: 19-24 Date: 12-15 Oct. 2008 Short Title: OpenSHM: Open Architecture Design of Structural Health Monitoring Software in Wireless Sensor Nodes DOI: 10.1109/MESA.2008.4735678 Keywords: computerised monitoring condition monitoring distributed processing software architecture software reusability structural engineering computing wireless sensor networks damage detection decision making distributed data processing open software architecture design software reuse structural health monitoring software wireless sensor nodes Bandwidth Computer architecture Data processing Detection algorithms Monitoring Sensor systems Software design Abstract: Wireless sensor networks have been receiving an increasing interest in the field of structural health monitoring to provide rich sets of real-time information of complex structures. Due to the bandwidth and power limitation of wireless sensor networks, distributed data processing, damage detection, and decision making are appropriate for the development of wireless structural health monitoring systems, which requires wireless sensor units equipped with data processing and damaged detection algorithms. This paper proposes an open software architecture design approach for the implementation of structural health monitoring algorithms in wireless sensor nodes. The open software architecture design approach promotes software reuse and welcomes the contributions from research communities. Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 9325 Author: Merski, R. and Parrish, D. M. Year: 1987 Title: Operations systems technology for new AT&T network and service capabilities Journal: AT&T Technical Journal Volume: 66 Issue: 3 Pages: 64-72 Short Title: Operations systems technology for new AT&T network and service capabilities ISSN: 8756-2324 DOI: 10.1002/j.1538-7305.1987.tb00211.x Abstract: Operations systems (OSs) have assumed an expanded role in the network and are instrumental in providing increasingly complex services. Therefore, a strategy was needed to be able to develop a new high-quality OS or upgrade an existing one in a cost-effective and timely way. This strategy includes a standard AT&T operating environment and a modular software architecture that emphasizes large-scale module reuse and layered virtual machines. With this base, operations systems will be able to respond effectively to future network needs. This article discusses the architecture of TOPAS, which is a primary example of an advanced operations system. Because of its modular design, considerable TOPAS software was reused in TMAS, another operations system. Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 8162 Author: Sullivan, Kevin Year: 2010 Title: Opportunity-centered software development Conference Name: Proceedings of the FSE/SDP workshop on Future of software engineering research Conference Location: Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA Publisher: ACM Pages: 369-374 DOI: 10.1145/1882362.1882437 Place Published: 1882437 Abstract: The position of this paper is that it is worthwhile to invest now in use-inspired fundamental research and development leading to a new class of software development environments and methods, in which software investment opportunities (in addition to software capabilities) are modeled and analyzed explicitly, in support of a dynamic investment management approach to software development decision making. Theoretical work in this area has progressed far enough, and at the same time the cost of converting theory to practice has been radically reduced by advances in software development environment technology. The potential payoff on such an investment is a significantly improved capability for both engineers and executives to see, value, and exploit flexibility in software products, projects and processes, leading to significant improvements in decision making and thus in software design productivity. Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 9534 Author: Fiondella, L. and Gokhale, S. S. Year: 2012 Title: Optimal Allocation of Testing Effort Considering Software Architecture Journal: IEEE Transactions on Reliability Volume: 61 Issue: 2 Pages: 580-589 Short Title: Optimal Allocation of Testing Effort Considering Software Architecture ISSN: 0018-9529 DOI: 10.1109/TR.2012.2192016 Keywords: optimisation program testing resource allocation software architecture software maintenance software reliability architecture-based optimization effort-reliability relationship optimal resource allocation software development software system software testing system architecture system reliability Computer architecture Optimization Resource management Software Testing effort minimization Abstract: The growing dependence of society on software systems places a high premium on their reliable operation. Moreover, the stringent reliability expectations imposed on these systems must be achieved despite their increasing size and complexity, and decreasing resources available for their development and maintenance. To mitigate these dual challenges, a systematic approach to guide the allocation of resources to the components of a software system is necessary. This paper presents an optimization framework which considers the contribution of each component to system reliability to determine the amount of effort to be allocated to each component, towards the ultimate objective of achieving the specified system reliability target with minimal effort. We assume that the contribution of a component to system reliability is governed by two factors: the system architecture, and the effort-reliability relationship of the component. This characterization is referred to as “architecture-based optimization” because it considers the system architecture explicitly in the effort allocation process. It is demonstrated that the architecture-based optimization framework outperforms other effort allocation strategies, including equal component weighting, and expert opinion. Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8588 Author: Jha, P. C., Bali, Vikram, Narula, Sonam and Kalra, Mala Year: 2014 Title: Optimal component selection based on cohesion & coupling for component based software system under build-or-buy scheme Journal: Journal of Computational Science Volume: 5 Issue: 2 Pages: 233-242 Date: 3// Short Title: Optimal component selection based on cohesion & coupling for component based software system under build-or-buy scheme ISSN: 1877-7503 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jocs.2013.07.003 Keywords: Software Components Cohesion Coupling Build-or-buy Fuzzy Abstract: Component based software system approach is concerned with the system development by integrating components. The component based software construction primarily focuses on the view that software systems can be built up in modular fashion. The modular design is a logical collection of several independent developed components that are assembled with well defined software architecture. These components can be developed in-house or can be obtained commercially from outside market making build versus buy decision an important consideration in development process. Cohesion and coupling (C&C) plays a major role in determining the system quality in terms of reliability, maintainability and availability. Cohesion is defined as the internal interaction of components within the module. On the other hand, coupling is the external interaction of the module with other modules i.e. interaction of components amongst the modules of the software system. High cohesion and low coupling is one of the important criteria for good software design. Intra-modular coupling density (ICD) is a measure that describes the relationship between cohesion and coupling of modules in a modular software system and its value lies between zero and one. This paper deals with the selection of right mix of components for a modular software system using build-or-buy strategy. In this paper, fuzzy bi-criteria optimization model is formulated for component selection under build-or-buy scheme. The model simultaneously maximizes intra-modular coupling density (ICD) and functionality within the limitation of budget, reliability and delivery time. The model is further extended by incorporating the issue of compatibility amongst the components of the modules. A case study is devised to explain the formulated model. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1877750313000835 Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8591 Author: Georgiadis, Michael C., Levis, Aaron A., Tsiakis, Panagiotis, Sanidiotis, Ioannis, Pantelides, Constantinos C. and Papageorgiou, Lazaros G. Year: 2005 Title: Optimisation-based scheduling: A discrete manufacturing case study Journal: Computers & Industrial Engineering Volume: 49 Issue: 1 Pages: 118-145 Date: 8// Short Title: Optimisation-based scheduling: A discrete manufacturing case study ISSN: 0360-8352 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cie.2005.02.004 Keywords: Discrete manufacturing Electrical appliances Optimization-based scheduling Mixed-integer linear programming Abstract: This work presents the development and implementation of a production scheduling system for an electrical appliance manufacturer. Based on recent advances in optimisation-based scheduling approaches, two different software architectures based on two different scheduling formulations, namely the RTN and the STN, are proposed to integrate information available in the different production units and stages with formal algorithmic tools. Optimization results indicate that significant economic benefits can be achieved (e.g. minimization of total operating costs) while ensuring full customer satisfaction as opposed to normal practices followed in the company relying on human expertise. The work indicates that it is possible to solve real-life manufacturing problems using optimization-based approaches but the integration of information in a timely fashion seems to be a major factor in successfully implementing the system and fully realizing its benefits. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0360835205000732 Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8492 Author: Liu, Liang, Pang, Changle, Wu, Shubiao and Dong, Renjie Year: 2015 Title: Optimization and evaluation of an air-recirculated stripping for ammonia removal from the anaerobic digestate of pig manure Journal: Process Safety and Environmental Protection Volume: 94 Pages: 350-357 Date: 3// Short Title: Optimization and evaluation of an air-recirculated stripping for ammonia removal from the anaerobic digestate of pig manure ISSN: 0957-5820 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psep.2014.08.006 Keywords: Anaerobic digestate of pig manure Response surface methodology Air-recirculated stripping Abstract: An air-recirculated stripping involved two processes and did not require any pretreatment. First, stripping CO2 decreased the buffer capacity of the anaerobic digestate, thereby reducing the amount of lime used to achieve a high pH. Second, lime was added to increase pH and remove ammonia from the anaerobic digestate of pig manure. pH increased from 8.03 to 8.86 by stripping CO2 in the first process (gas-to-liquid ratio = 180) and further reached 12.38 in the second process (gas-to-liquid ratio = 300). During process optimization, the maximum ammonia removal efficiency reached 96.78% with a lime dose of 22.13 g. The value was close to 98.25%, which was the optimal result predicted by response surface methodology using the software Design-Expert 8.05b. All these results indicated that air-recirculated stripping coupled with absorption was a promising technology for the removal and recovery of nitrogen in the anaerobic digestate of pig manure. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S095758201400127X Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8520 Author: Tedesco, S., Marrero Barroso, T. and Olabi, A. G. Year: 2014 Title: Optimization of mechanical pre-treatment of Laminariaceae spp. biomass-derived biogas Journal: Renewable Energy Volume: 62 Pages: 527-534 Date: 2// Short Title: Optimization of mechanical pre-treatment of Laminariaceae spp. biomass-derived biogas ISSN: 0960-1481 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2013.08.023 Keywords: Anaerobic co-digestion Laminaria spp. Sludge Mechanical pretreatment Methane yield Optimisation Abstract: Macroalgae have not met their full potential to date as biomass for the production of energy. One reason is the high cost associated with the pretreatment which breaks the biomass's crystalline structure and better exposes the fermentable sugars to anaerobes. In the attempt to overcome this technological barrier, the performance of a Hollander beater mechanical pretreatment is assessed in this paper. This pretreatment has been applied to a batch of Laminariaceae biomass and inoculated with sludge from a wastewater treatment plant. The derived biogas and methane yields were used as the responses of a complex system in order to identify the optimal system input variables by using the response surface methodology (RSM). The system's inputs considered are the mechanical pretreatment time (5–15 min range), the machine's chopping gap (76–836 μm) and the mesophilic to thermophilic range of temperatures (30–50 °C). The mechanical pretreatment was carried out with the purpose of enhancing the biodegradability of the macroalgal feedstock by increasing the specific surface area available during the anaerobic co-digestion. The pretreatment effects on the two considered responses are estimated, discussed and optimized using the tools provided by the statistical software Design-Expert v.8. The best biogas yield of treated macroalgae was found at 50 °C after 10 min of treatment, providing 52% extra biogas and 53% extra methane yield when compared to untreated samples at the same temperature conditions. The highest biogas rate achieved by treating the biomass was 685 cc gTS−1, which is 430 cc gTS−1 in terms of CH4 yield. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0960148113004254 Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9597 Author: Pereira, Ó M., Aguiar, R. L. and Santos, M. Y. Year of Conference: 2012 Title: ORCA: Architecture for Business Tier Components Driven by Dynamic Adaptation and Based on Call Level Interfaces Conference Name: 2012 38th Euromicro Conference on Software Engineering and Advanced Applications Pages: 183-191 Date: 5-8 Sept. 2012 Short Title: ORCA: Architecture for Business Tier Components Driven by Dynamic Adaptation and Based on Call Level Interfaces ISBN: 1089-6503 DOI: 10.1109/SEAA.2012.22 Keywords: Java SQL business data processing data compression software architecture user interfaces CLI ORCA SQL language SQL statement encoding business tier component architecture call level interfaces database applications dynamic adaptation object-to-relational component architecture runtime strings Buildings Business Databases Engines Least squares approximation Programming adaptive systems performance Abstract: Call Level Interfaces (CLI) play a key role in database applications whenever performance is a key requirement. SQL statements are encoded inside strings this way keeping the power and the expressiveness of the SQL language. Unfortunately, despite this significant advantage, CLI do not promote the development of business tier components, much less for business tier components driven by dynamic adaptation. To tackle this CLI drawback, and simultaneously keep their advantages, this paper proposes an architecture, herein referred to as the Object-to-Relational Component Architecture (ORCA), relying on CLI for building adaptable business tiers components. ORCA has the capacity of being dynamically adapted to manage any set of SQL statements deployed at runtime. The focus of this paper is threefold: (1) present the ORCA, (2) present a proof of concept based on Java and, finally, (3) assess its performance against a standard CLI. Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9149 Author: Ratib, O. Year of Conference: 2006 Title: OSIRIX: An Open Source Platform for Advanced Multimodality Medical Imaging Conference Name: 2006 ITI 4th International Conference on Information & Communications Technology Pages: 1-2 Date: 10-12 Dec. 2006 Short Title: OSIRIX: An Open Source Platform for Advanced Multimodality Medical Imaging ISBN: 2329-6364 DOI: 10.1109/ITICT.2006.358277 Keywords: data visualisation decision making image retrieval medical image processing peer-to-peer computing public domain software rendering (computer graphics) software packages visual databases 3D visualization software DICOM interface DICOM query-retrieve function GNU licensing scheme OSIRIX Core Data database OpenGL PACS academic environments anatomical images archive servers cardiac motion digital imaging workstations dynamic display hospitals image analysis program metabolic images multimodality medical imaging open-source software optimized hardware-software combination patient management peer-to-peer technology software package standard off-the-shelf hardware user interface video card volume rendering Biomedical imaging Computer displays Data visualization Digital images File servers Image databases Image processing Network servers Open source software Workstations Abstract: The rapid evolution of digital imaging techniques and the increasing number of multidimensional and multimodality studies constitute a challenge for digital imaging workstations and image analysis programs. While Web-based solutions have emerged as simple ways for wide distribution of images they often lack the necessary tools for advanced image processing and 3D visualization. The increases in performance of personal computers allow implementing complex image processing and visualization tools on standard off-the-shelf hardware. OSIRIX is a fully interactive image navigation and visualization software was designed for display and analysis of large sets of three dimensional medical images. The program is specifically designed to handle new generations of multi-modality imaging data combining anatomical and metabolic images such as PET/CT. It also provides dynamic display for time-varying images such as cardiac motion or metabolic functional studies. Designed by a team of radiologists it provides an intuitive and user friendly user interface tailored for physicians that are not familiar with complex image processing and manipulation techniques. The OSIRIX software package runs as an independent application and handles its own image study database that is updated automatically when new images are downloaded. Images can be pushed from the PACS using a DICOM interface and can also be "pulled" by a DICOM query-retrieve function of the program. Image files can also be manually copied from off-line media or from other network sources. The visualization software provides all the basic image manipulation functions of zoom, pan, intensity adjustment, filtering with an incredibly fast realtime performance. Additional functions such as multiplanar reformatting, slice thickness adjustment, volume rendering are also accessible in real-time. The software allows loading very large sets of data instantaneously and allows for unlimited number of image series to be displayed simultane- ously with all function of image display including fast cine loops available to all displayed image sets. In the software architecture that we adopted the number of images that can be handled simultaneously does not depend on the amount of memory available on the computer. Most of the display functions being handled by the optimized hardware-software combination of OpenGL that takes advantage of the hardware capability of the video card it does not rely on the computer RAM memory for preloading images. OSIRIX architecture allows seamless integration of multiple workstations and archive servers through peer-to-peer technology allowing image data to be shared across the network without the need of a central database or archive. A server version of OSIRIX Core Data database also allows to access distributed archives servers in the same way. The convenience and high performance of the system allows multiple users to share data more efficiently and perform advanced image processing and analysis in a distributed environment. It is particularly suitable for large hospitals and academic environments where clinical conferences, interdisciplinary discussions and successive sessions of image processing are often part of complex workflow or patient management and decision making. OSIRIX software is distributed free of charge as an open-source software under GNU licensing scheme. The program and its source code can be downloaded from: http://homepage.mac.com/rossetantoine/osirix/ . Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 8008 Author: Berenbach, Brian Year: 2008 Title: The other skills of the software architect Conference Name: Proceedings of the first international workshop on Leadership and management in software architecture Conference Location: Leipzig, Germany Publisher: ACM Pages: 7-12 DOI: 10.1145/1373307.1373310 Place Published: 1373310 Abstract: The skills that are taught to the software architect in academic programs often leave him or her completely unprepared to assume the role of solution architect on a project with more than four or five developers. Furthermore, the globalization of software development has created a need for architects that can effectively manage multiple teams at multiple locations. Additionally, the lack of qualified architects has resulted in serious difficulties for industry. This position paper provides insight into the 'real' role of the architect on a large project, and examines the gap between what is taught at the university and what skills are needed for success. Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8418 Author: Reisinger, Eva, Genthner, Lena, Kerssemakers, Jules, Kensche, Philip, Borufka, Stefan, Jugold, Alke, Kling, Andreas, Prinz, Manuel, Scholz, Ingrid, Zipprich, Gideon, Eils, Roland, Lawerenz, Christian and Eils, Jürgen Year: 2017 Title: OTP: An automatized system for managing and processing NGS data Journal: Journal of Biotechnology Volume: 261 Pages: 53-62 Date: 11/10/ Short Title: OTP: An automatized system for managing and processing NGS data ISSN: 0168-1656 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiotec.2017.08.006 Keywords: Next-generation sequencing Data management Data processing Automation User interface Standardization Abstract: The One Touch Pipeline (OTP) is an automation platform managing Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS) data and calling bioinformatic pipelines for processing these data. OTP handles the complete digital process from import of raw sequence data via alignment of sequencing reads to identify genomic events in an automated and scalable way. Three major goals are pursued: firstly, reduction of human resources required for data management by introducing automated processes. Secondly, reduction of time until the sequences can be analyzed by bioinformatic experts, by executing all operations more reliably and quickly. Thirdly, storing all information in one system with secure web access and search capabilities. From software architecture perspective, OTP is both information center and workflow management system. As a workflow management system, OTP call several NGS pipelines that can easily be adapted and extended according to new requirements. As an information center, it comprises a database for metadata information as well as a structured file system. Based on complete and consistent information, data management and bioinformatic pipelines within OTP are executed automatically with all steps book-kept in a database. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0168165617315924 Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9390 Author: Karandikar, H. M., Ward, W. J., Kostas, C. and Tate, D. P. Year of Conference: 1998 Title: Overcoming barriers to the deployment of design for environment tools: the EcoBoardTM experience Conference Name: Proceedings of the 1998 IEEE International Symposium on Electronics and the Environment. ISEE - 1998 (Cat. No.98CH36145) Pages: 117-122 Date: 4-6 May 1998 Short Title: Overcoming barriers to the deployment of design for environment tools: the EcoBoardTM experience ISBN: 1095-2020 DOI: 10.1109/ISEE.1998.675042 Keywords: circuit CAD environmental factors printed circuit design DFE software package EcoBoard computer-based tool design for environment printed wiring board Aerospace industry Assembly Computer graphics Computer industry Costs Manufacturing processes Missiles Software design Software packages Wiring Abstract: While there is considerable interest in adopting Design for Environment (DFE) practices in industry, the progress in using computer-based DFE tools has been slow at best. In this paper, we explore the reasons for this based on our experience with deploying EcoBoardTM a DFE software package that facilitates the design of Printed Wiring Boards (PWB) and PWB assemblies that have minimal adverse environmental effects. The barriers to the deployment of DFE tools span a range of organizational, technical, and data issues. A number of these barriers were identified early in EcoBoardTM development, through market surveys and interviews with PWB designers and environmental experts. We designed EcoBoard to work around these barriers and we discuss the critical software design features Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8728 Author: Capilla, Rafael, Bosch, Jan, Trinidad, Pablo, Ruiz-Cortés, Antonio and Hinchey, Mike Year: 2014 Title: An overview of Dynamic Software Product Line architectures and techniques: Observations from research and industry Journal: Journal of Systems and Software Volume: 91 Pages: 3-23 Date: 5// Short Title: An overview of Dynamic Software Product Line architectures and techniques: Observations from research and industry ISSN: 0164-1212 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jss.2013.12.038 Keywords: Dynamic Software Product Lines Dynamic variability Software architecture Feature models Abstract: Over the last two decades, software product lines have been used successfully in industry for building families of systems of related products, maximizing reuse, and exploiting their variable and configurable options. In a changing world, modern software demands more and more adaptive features, many of them performed dynamically, and the requirements on the software architecture to support adaptation capabilities of systems are increasing in importance. Today, many embedded system families and application domains such as ecosystems, service-based applications, and self-adaptive systems demand runtime capabilities for flexible adaptation, reconfiguration, and post-deployment activities. However, as traditional software product line architectures fail to provide mechanisms for runtime adaptation and behavior of products, there is a shift toward designing more dynamic software architectures and building more adaptable software able to handle autonomous decision-making, according to varying conditions. Recent development approaches such as Dynamic Software Product Lines (DSPLs) attempt to face the challenges of the dynamic conditions of such systems but the state of these solution architectures is still immature. In order to provide a more comprehensive treatment of DSPL models and their solution architectures, in this research work we provide an overview of the state of the art and current techniques that, partially, attempt to face the many challenges of runtime variability mechanisms in the context of Dynamic Software Product Lines. We also provide an integrated view of the challenges and solutions that are necessary to support runtime variability mechanisms in DSPL models and software architectures. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0164121214000119 Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8518 Author: Laval, Jannik, Anquetil, Nicolas, Bhatti, Usman and Ducasse, Stéphane Year: 2013 Title: oZone: Layer identification in the presence of cyclic dependencies Journal: Science of Computer Programming Volume: 78 Issue: 8 Pages: 1055-1072 Date: 8/1/ Short Title: oZone: Layer identification in the presence of cyclic dependencies ISSN: 0167-6423 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scico.2012.08.001 Keywords: Remodularization Layered organization Cycle Package dependency Abstract: A layered software architecture helps in understanding the role of software entities (e.g. packages or classes) in a system and, hence, the impact of changes on these entities. However, the computation of an optimal layered organization in the presence of cyclic dependencies is difficult. In this paper, we present an approach that (i) provides a strategy supporting the automated detection of cyclic dependencies, (ii) proposes heuristics to break cyclic dependencies, and (iii) computes an organization of software entities in multiple layers even in the presence of cyclic dependencies. Our approach performs better than the other existing approaches in terms of accuracy and interactivity, and it supports human inputs and constraints. In this paper, we present this approach and compare it to existing solutions. We applied our approach on two large software systems to identify package layers and the results are manually validated by software engineers of the two systems. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167642312001499 Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8752 Author: Herve, Corentin, Vince, Nicolas, Brouard, Sophie, Giral, Magali, Blancho, Gilles and Gourraud, Pierre-Antoine Year: 2017 Title: P218 The kidney transplantation application (KITAPP): A visualization and contextualization tool in a kidney graft patients’ cohort Journal: Human Immunology Volume: 78, Supplement Pages: 216 Date: 9// Short Title: P218 The kidney transplantation application (KITAPP): A visualization and contextualization tool in a kidney graft patients’ cohort ISSN: 0198-8859 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.humimm.2017.06.278 Abstract: Aim To build a web application that will help clinician decision for treatment in kidney transplanted patients. Methods The KiTapp (Kidney transplantation application) is a prototypic software designed to put in population context a given patient facilitating actionable comparisons to his/her peers in the reference cohort with the help of precision medicine algorithm. To some extent, KiTApp is a generalized version of paper-based growth charts used in pediatrics. Results With around 200 kidney transplantations performed annually, our institute has had the opportunity to record data on more than 1500 patients followed since 2008 gathering over 200 clinical and immunological items at the day of the graft and each year after that. How this amount of data available could be used in a personalized way for both patients and practitioners to inform the decision-making process with data? The goal, here, is to understand how the immunosuppressive treatment and its intensity could affect the course of a patient’s disease. By comparing with the user-defined sub-cohort, the ultimate objective is to help the clinical decision by trying to anticipate the effect of possible decisions on the patient’s evolution. We present the two types of algorithms developed: 1) a populational contextualization where we compare a patient to the different treatment available, and 2) a referential contextualization where we compare a patient to defined extreme groups (designed with the help of clinicians) such as acute graft reject, humoral rejection, cellular rejection or tolerance. Conclusions On a clinical point of view, this app ambition to help clinical decision by facilitating access to large amount of data actionable manner. On a technological point of view, software and algorithms developed here could be applicable to various chronic medical conditions. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0198885917303713 Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 8812 Author: Albattah, W. and Melton, A. Year of Conference: 2014 Title: Package cohesion classification Conference Name: 2014 IEEE 5th International Conference on Software Engineering and Service Science Pages: 1-8 Date: 27-29 June 2014 Short Title: Package cohesion classification ISBN: 2327-0586 DOI: 10.1109/ICSESS.2014.6933502 Keywords: pattern classification software maintenance software metrics software packages software reusability package cohesion classification package cohesion metrics software design software maintainability Maintenance engineering Measurement Servers Software systems Cohesion common closure common reuse maintainability package reusability software measurements Abstract: R. C. Martin and others have defined package cohesion metrics. Martin has also developed package cohesion principles that can help developers' partition classes into packages. Careful analysis of these cohesion principles indicates that cohesion is multifaceted. Based on these principles, in this paper we introduce two types or aspects of package cohesion. Thus, we are introducing a package cohesion classification scheme. Further, we define a new metric for each type of cohesion to assess to what extent the principles are followed during software design. The proposed metrics should be useful in designing software that is maintainable and reusable. Additionally, we show how the new metrics can be customized based on expert opinion and field needs. The initial results of the two metrics encourage further future work. Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8560 Author: Becker, Steffen, Koziolek, Heiko and Reussner, Ralf Year: 2009 Title: The Palladio component model for model-driven performance prediction Journal: Journal of Systems and Software Volume: 82 Issue: 1 Pages: 3-22 Date: 1// Short Title: The Palladio component model for model-driven performance prediction ISSN: 0164-1212 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jss.2008.03.066 Keywords: Component-based software engineering Software architecture Performance prediction Abstract: One aim of component-based software engineering (CBSE) is to enable the prediction of extra-functional properties, such as performance and reliability, utilising a well-defined composition theory. Nowadays, such theories and their accompanying prediction methods are still in a maturation stage. Several factors influencing extra-functional properties need additional research to be understood. A special problem in CBSE stems from its specific development process: Software components should be specified and implemented independently from their later context to enable reuse. Thus, extra-functional properties of components need to be specified in a parametric way to take different influencing factors like the hardware platform or the usage profile into account. Our approach uses the Palladio component model (PCM) to specify component-based software architectures in a parametric way. This model offers direct support of the CBSE development process by dividing the model creation among the developer roles. This paper presents our model and a simulation tool based on it, which is capable of making performance predictions. Within a case study, we show that the resulting prediction accuracy is sufficient to support the evaluation of architectural design decisions. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0164121208001015 Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 8267 Author: Young, Emilie and Greenlee, Russell Year: 1992 Title: Participatory video prototyping Conference Name: Posters and Short Talks of the 1992 SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Conference Location: Monterey, California Publisher: ACM Pages: 28-28 DOI: 10.1145/1125021.1125047 Place Published: 1125047 Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8726 Author: Tofan, Dan, Galster, Matthias, Avgeriou, Paris and Schuitema, Wes Year: 2014 Title: Past and future of software architectural decisions – A systematic mapping study Journal: Information and Software Technology Volume: 56 Issue: 8 Pages: 850-872 Date: 8// Short Title: Past and future of software architectural decisions – A systematic mapping study ISSN: 0950-5849 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.infsof.2014.03.009 Keywords: Software architecture Architectural decisions Systematic mapping study Abstract: AbstractContext The software architecture of a system is the result of a set of architectural decisions. The topic of architectural decisions in software engineering has received significant attention in recent years. However, no systematic overview exists on the state of research on architectural decisions. Objective The goal of this study is to provide a systematic overview of the state of research on architectural decisions. Such an overview helps researchers reflect on previous research and plan future research. Furthermore, such an overview helps practitioners understand the state of research, and how research results can help practitioners in their architectural decision-making. Method We conducted a systematic mapping study, covering studies published between January 2002 and January 2012. We defined six research questions. We queried six reference databases and obtained an initial result set of 28,895 papers. We followed a search and filtering process that resulted in 144 relevant papers. Results After classifying the 144 relevant papers for each research question, we found that current research focuses on documenting architectural decisions. We found that only several studies describe architectural decisions from the industry. We identified potential future research topics: domain-specific architectural decisions (such as mobile), achieving specific quality attributes (such as reliability or scalability), uncertainty in decision-making, and group architectural decisions. Regarding empirical evaluations of the papers, around half of the papers use systematic empirical evaluation approaches (such as surveys, or case studies). Still, few papers on architectural decisions use experiments. Conclusion Our study confirms the increasing interest in the topic of architectural decisions. This study helps the community reflect on the past ten years of research on architectural decisions. Researchers are offered a number of promising future research directions, while practitioners learn what existing papers offer. Notes: literature review URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0950584914000706 Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 8877 Author: Kim, S. K. and Carrington, D. Year of Conference: 2006 Title: A Pattern based Model Evolution Approach Conference Name: 2006 13th Asia Pacific Software Engineering Conference (APSEC'06) Pages: 217-224 Date: 6-8 Dec. 2006 Short Title: A Pattern based Model Evolution Approach ISBN: 1530-1362 DOI: 10.1109/APSEC.2006.8 Keywords: object-oriented programming software architecture Eclipse modeling environment MDA context MOF-based role metamodel existing modeling framework model driven approaches pattern modeling language pattern-based model evolution software design patterns Asia Australia Context modeling Information technology Software design Software engineering Abstract: In this paper, we present a framework for pattern-based model evolution approaches in the MDA context. In the framework, users define patterns using a pattern modeling language that is designed to describe software design patterns, and they can use the patterns as rules to evolve their model. In the framework, design model evolution takes place via two steps. The first step is a binding process of selecting a pattern and defining where and how to apply the pattern in the model. The second step is an automatic model transformation that actually evolves the model according to the binding information and the pattern rule. The pattern modeling language is defined in terms of a MOF-based role metamodel, and implemented using an existing modeling framework, EMF, and incorporated as a plugin to the Eclipse modeling environment. The model evolution process is also implemented as an Eclipse plugin. With these two plugins, we provide an integrated framework where defining and validating patterns, and model evolution based on patterns can take place in a single modeling environment. Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 7915 Author: Nadschl, Stefan, #228, ger, K, Josef, #252 and ng Year: 2016 Title: A pattern collection for knowledge processing system architecture Conference Name: Proceedings of the 21st European Conference on Pattern Languages of Programs Conference Location: Kaufbeuren, Germany Publisher: ACM Pages: 1-23 DOI: 10.1145/3011784.3011796 Place Published: 3011796 Abstract: Many architecture and design patterns exist for enterprise software development. Nowadays interest of knowledge processing systems has been heightened, as these technologies can provide a valuable benefit for a company (e.g., supporting decision making). Nevertheless, the algorithms and technologies used in this domain can be complex and difficult to implement. Some parts can even outreach standard software development. This paper tries to identify similarities to enterprise systems and present a selection of existing design patterns that can be used to solve knowledge processing difficulties. The aim is to provide a pattern collection to allow also software designers and developers not familiar with knowledge processing principles, to easily design, implement and integrate such systems. Notes: system development Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8601 Author: Zhao, Chunying, Kong, Jun, Dong, Jing and Zhang, Kang Year: 2007 Title: Pattern-based design evolution using graph transformation Journal: Journal of Visual Languages & Computing Volume: 18 Issue: 4 Pages: 378-398 Date: 8// Short Title: Pattern-based design evolution using graph transformation ISSN: 1045-926X DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvlc.2007.07.004 Keywords: Design pattern Graph transformation Graph grammar Visual language Software evolution Abstract: In recent years, design patterns gain more interest in software engineering communities for both software development and maintenance. As a template to solve a certain recurring problem, a design pattern documents successful experiences of software experts and gradually becomes the design guidelines of software development. Applying design patterns correctly can improve the efficiency of software design in terms of reusability and enhance maintainability during reverse engineering. Software can be evolved when developers modify their initial designs as requirements change. For instance, a developer may add/delete a set of design elements, such as classes and methods. Modifications on software artifacts can introduce conflicts and inconsistencies in the previously applied design patterns, which are difficult to find and time-consuming to correct. This paper presents a graph-transformation approach to pattern level design validation and evolution. Based on a well founded formalism, we validate a given design by a graph grammar parser and automatically evolve the design at pattern level using a graph-transformation system. Rules for potential pattern evolutions are predefined. The graph-transformation approach preserves the integrity and consistency of design patterns in the system when designs change. A prototype system is built and a case study on the Strategy pattern demonstrates the feasibility of pattern-based design validation and evolution using graph transformation techniques. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1045926X07000407 Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 8031 Author: Frey, Frank J., Hentrich, Carsten and Zdun, Uwe Year: 2014 Title: Pattern-based process for a legacy to SOA modernization roadmap Conference Name: Proceedings of the 19th European Conference on Pattern Languages of Programs Conference Location: Irsee, Germany Publisher: ACM Pages: 1-21 DOI: 10.1145/2721956.2721969 Place Published: 2721969 Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 7855 Author: Gast, Holger Year: 2008 Title: Patterns and traceability in teaching software architecture Conference Name: Proceedings of the 6th international symposium on Principles and practice of programming in Java Conference Location: Modena, Italy Publisher: ACM Pages: 23-31 DOI: 10.1145/1411732.1411736 Place Published: 1411736 Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8245 Author: Jadud, Matthew C., Simpson, Jon and Jacobsen, Christian L. Year: 2008 Title: Patterns for programming in parallel, pedagogically Journal: SIGCSE Bull. Volume: 40 Issue: 1 Pages: 231-235 Short Title: Patterns for programming in parallel, pedagogically ISSN: 0097-8418 DOI: 10.1145/1352322.1352219 Legal Note: 1352219 Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 8246 Author: Jadud, Matthew C., Simpson, Jon and Jacobsen, Christian L. Year: 2008 Title: Patterns for programming in parallel, pedagogically Conference Name: Proceedings of the 39th SIGCSE technical symposium on Computer science education Conference Location: Portland, OR, USA Publisher: ACM Pages: 231-235 DOI: 10.1145/1352135.1352219 Place Published: 1352219 Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 8319 Author: Mackay, Wendy E. Year: 1990 Title: Patterns of sharing customizable software Conference Name: Proceedings of the 1990 ACM conference on Computer-supported cooperative work Conference Location: Los Angeles, California, USA Publisher: ACM Pages: 209-221 DOI: 10.1145/99332.99356 Place Published: 99356 Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9559 Author: Chimalakonda, S. and Nori, K. V. Year of Conference: 2014 Title: A Patterns-Based Approach for Modeling Instructional Design and TEL Systems Conference Name: 2014 IEEE 14th International Conference on Advanced Learning Technologies Pages: 54-56 Date: 7-10 July 2014 Short Title: A Patterns-Based Approach for Modeling Instructional Design and TEL Systems ISBN: 2161-3761 DOI: 10.1109/ICALT.2014.26 Keywords: computer aided instruction software architecture E-LEN POID Pedagogy Patterns Project SE TEL system adult literacy case study domain patterns expert knowledge delivery expert knowledge encapsulation expert knowledge modeling instructional design modelling pattern languages pattern-based approach pattern-oriented instructional design software engineering technology enhanced learning Computer architecture Context Electronic learning Ontologies Taxonomy TEL systems adult literacy architecture instructional design modeling patterns Abstract: The core idea of patterns and pattern languages is the encapsulation, modeling and delivery of expert's knowledge and best practices to novices in a discipline. The use of such an approach is critical for modeling Instructional Design (ID) as it forms the basis for design of TEL systems (for e.g., eLearning Systems). While there is extensive work on patterns for ID from Pedagogy Patterns Project, E-LEN and so on, the focus has been on patterns at lower level of granularity rather than an approach that integrates patterns from ID and TEL perspectives. In addition, most of the researchers have focused either on domain patterns (ID) or TEL patterns, and not both. In this context, this paper presents a patterns-based approach to design of TEL systems based on ID. The crux of this approach is to model a solution in ID using patterns and integrate it with a solution in TEL. To this end, we present an approach that integrates Pattern-Oriented Instructional Design (POID) and Software Architecture for TEL Systems based on fundamental principles in software engineering (SE). We then illustrate our approach and ID patterns through adult literacy case study. Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 8171 Author: Crowley, James L., Jo, #235, Coutaz, lle, Rey, Gaeten and Reignier, Patrick Year: 2002 Title: Perceptual Components for Context Aware Computing Conference Name: Proceedings of the 4th international conference on Ubiquitous Computing Conference Location: Göteborg, Sweden Publisher: Springer-Verlag Pages: 117-134 Place Published: 741482 Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 8851 Author: Gokhale, S. S. and Yacoub, S. Year of Conference: 2005 Title: Performability analysis of a pipeline software architecture Conference Name: 29th Annual International Computer Software and Applications Conference (COMPSAC'05) Volume: 1 Pages: 77-82 Vol. 2 Date: 26-28 July 2005 Short Title: Performability analysis of a pipeline software architecture ISBN: 0730-3157 DOI: 10.1109/COMPSAC.2005.120 Keywords: document handling object-oriented programming pipeline processing software architecture software metrics software performance evaluation component failure component structural organization connector structural organization document analysis system nonfunctional attribute performability analysis pipeline software architecture qualitative assessment software pattern software performance unreliable components Application software Computer architecture Computer industry Connectors Filters Performance analysis Pipelines Software systems Text analysis Abstract: An architecture style defines a commonly occurring pattern of the structural organization of components and connectors such that the impact of the pattern on the different non functional attributes is known. It is possible to make a qualitative assessment of whether a specific style is conducive to the nonfunctional attribute of performance based on the knowledge and experience in the use of the style. It is necessary however, that such a qualitative judgment be substantiated by a quantitative estimate obtained using a systematic performance analysis approach, since architecture styles are likely to be used in domains where application performance will play a critical role in ensuring its widespread use. Recognizing this need, several research efforts have focused on the development of quantitative performance analysis approaches for general purpose software architectures as well as for architecture styles. A notable drawback of the existing approaches is that they do not consider failures of components and connectors and hence provide optimistic performance estimates. In this paper we present a performability analysis approach for a pipeline architecture style which accounts for unreliable components. The performance estimate provided by the proposed approach is more realistic than what can be provided by the prevalent approaches. We illustrate the potential of the approach with an industrial case study of a document analysis system. Notes: analysis of tool Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 8936 Author: Noorian, M., Pooshfam, H., Noorian, Z. and Abdullah, R. Year of Conference: 2009 Title: Performance enhancement of smith-waterman algorithm using hybrid model: Comparing the MPI and hybrid programming paradigm on SMP clusters Conference Name: 2009 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man and Cybernetics Pages: 492-497 Date: 11-14 Oct. 2009 Short Title: Performance enhancement of smith-waterman algorithm using hybrid model: Comparing the MPI and hybrid programming paradigm on SMP clusters ISBN: 1062-922X DOI: 10.1109/ICSMC.2009.5346845 Keywords: parallel algorithms pattern matching shared memory systems software architecture MPI Smith-Waterman algorithm computational biology database pattern searching fine grain parallelization hybrid MPI-OpenMP model hybrid programming hybrid programming paradigm parallel hardware parallel programming pattern matching algorithms sequence alignment algorithm shared memory processor Biological system modeling Clustering algorithms Costs Databases Hardware Sequences Hybrid MPI-OpenMP Abstract: Nowadays, database pattern searching is the most heavily used operation in computational biology. Indeed, sequence alignment algorithm plays an important role to find the homologous groups of sequences which may help to determine the function of new sequences. Meanwhile Smith-Waterman algorithm is one of the most prominent pattern matching algorithms. However, it cost the large quantity of time and resource power. By the aid of parallel hardware and software architecture it becomes more feasible to get the fast and accurate result in efficient time. In this paper, Smith-Waterman algorithm is parallelized base on various types of parallel programming, pure MPI, pure OpenMP and hybrid MPI-OpenMP model. In addition, based on the experiments it will be proved that hybrid programming which employ the coarse grain and fine grain parallelization, is more efficient compare with pure MPI and pure OpenMP in cluster of SMP machines. Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9475 Author: Rahman, M., Khalib, Z. I. A. and Ahmad, R. B. Year of Conference: 2009 Title: Performance Evaluation of PNtMS: A Portable Network Traffic Monitoring System on Embedded Linux Platform Conference Name: 2009 International Conference on Computer Engineering and Technology Volume: 1 Pages: 108-113 Date: 22-24 Jan. 2009 Short Title: Performance Evaluation of PNtMS: A Portable Network Traffic Monitoring System on Embedded Linux Platform DOI: 10.1109/ICCET.2009.37 Keywords: Linux embedded systems local area networks monitoring online front-ends performance evaluation protocols software architecture statistical analysis telecommunication computing telecommunication traffic LAN Web browser embedded Linux platform embedded software architecture network packet information onboard LCD portable network traffic monitoring system protocol processing overhead Application software Best practices Embedded software Energy consumption embedded linux network monitoring single board computer Abstract: The principal role of embedded software is the transformation of data and the interaction with the physical world stimulus. The main concern in developing embedded software for network application is the lack of published best practice software architecture for optimizing performance by means of reducing protocol processing overhead, memory usage, and power consumption. This paper presents the implementation, operation and performance evaluation of the portable network traffic monitoring system (PNtMS) on an embedded Linux platform. The system has been designed to capture network packets information from the network and performs some statistical analysis, which includes providing data on the volume and types of traffic transferred within a LAN, traffic generated per node, number of traffic going through or coming from a system or application which is causing bottleneck, and the level of peak traffic. These data are then stored into the log files, and the traffic information can be shown through Web browser or onboard LCD. Result shows that PNtMS is performing at par with an existing network protocol analyzer with minimal usage of RAM ( 578 KB), low end processor (133 MHz) and storage(less than 1 GB). Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 8114 Author: Rudzki, Jakub, Syst, Tarja and #228 Year: 2006 Title: Performance implications of design pattern usage in distributed applications: case studies in J2EE and .NET Conference Name: Proceedings of the ISSTA 2006 workshop on Role of software architecture for testing and analysis Conference Location: Portland, Maine Publisher: ACM Pages: 1-11 DOI: 10.1145/1147249.1147250 Place Published: 1147250 Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9628 Author: Punitha, S. and Babu, C. Year of Conference: 2008 Title: Performance Prediction Model for Service Oriented Applications Conference Name: 2008 10th IEEE International Conference on High Performance Computing and Communications Pages: 995-1000 Date: 25-27 Sept. 2008 Short Title: Performance Prediction Model for Service Oriented Applications DOI: 10.1109/HPCC.2008.79 Keywords: queueing theory software architecture software quality queuing network model service oriented applications service oriented architecture software system quality Accuracy Application software Connectors Performance analysis Predictive models Prototypes Software design Software systems Performance Measurement Web Services Abstract: Software architecture plays a significant role in determining the quality of a software system. It exposes important system properties for consideration and analysis. Performance related properties are frequently of interest in determining the acceptability of a given software design. This paper focuses mainly on developing an architectural model for applications that use service oriented architecture (SOA). This enables predicting the performance of the application even before it is completely developed. The performance characteristics of the components and connectors are modeled using queuing network model. This approach facilitates the performance prediction of service oriented applications. Further, it also helps in identification of various bottlenecks. A prototype service oriented application has been implemented and the actual performance is measured. This is compared against the predicted performance in order to analyze the accuracy of the prediction. Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8298 Author: Fran, Alexandre R. J., #231, ois, Chew, E. and Thurmond, Dennis Year: 2011 Title: Performer-centered visual feedback for human-machine improvisation Journal: Comput. Entertain. Volume: 9 Issue: 3 Pages: 1-13 Short Title: Performer-centered visual feedback for human-machine improvisation ISSN: 1544-3574 DOI: 10.1145/2027456.2027459 Legal Note: 2027459 Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 8347 Author: Chien, Andrew A. Year: 2007 Title: Pervasive parallel computing: an historic opportunity for innovation in programming and architecture Conference Name: Proceedings of the 12th ACM SIGPLAN symposium on Principles and practice of parallel programming Conference Location: San Jose, California, USA Publisher: ACM Pages: 160-160 DOI: 10.1145/1229428.1229467 Place Published: 1229467 Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8600 Author: Zhao, C., Bhushan, M. and Venkatasubramanian, V. Year: 2005 Title: PHASuite: An Automated HAZOP Analysis Tool for Chemical Processes: Part II: Implementation and Case Study Journal: Process Safety and Environmental Protection Volume: 83 Issue: 6 Pages: 533-548 Date: 11// Short Title: PHASuite: An Automated HAZOP Analysis Tool for Chemical Processes: Part II: Implementation and Case Study ISSN: 0957-5820 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1205/psep.04056 Keywords: automated HAZOP analysis PHASuite software engineering Abstract: To aid human experts in conducting HAZOP analysis in a more thorough and systematic way, a software system called PHASuite has been developed. The work is divided into two parts. First, a knowledge engineering framework has been proposed and discussed in Part I of this two-part paper. Based on the proposed framework, the second part focus on issues related to design and implementation of PHASuite. Standard software engineering methodologies have been applied to guide the design and development of PHASuite in order to achieve the goal of efficiency, flexibility and high quality. Layered and repository software architecture have been designed to handle the complex information flow and the multipart knowledge base in the system. Objected-oriented and component-oriented methodologies are adopted for design and implementation. Unified modelling language is used for design and documentation of development details. The results management facilities of PHASuite, including results summary, details and reports are presented. An industrial pharmaceutical process is presented as a case study to illustrate the applicability and procedure of using PHASuite for automated HAZOP analysis. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0957582005712921 Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8886 Author: Braun, S., Carbon, R. and Naab, M. Year: 2016 Title: Piloting a Mobile-App Ecosystem for Smart Farming Journal: IEEE Software Volume: 33 Issue: 4 Pages: 9-14 Short Title: Piloting a Mobile-App Ecosystem for Smart Farming ISSN: 0740-7459 DOI: 10.1109/MS.2016.98 Keywords: farming mobile computing data-related architecture decision mobile-app ecosystem smart farming Agricultural products Computer architecture Ecosystems Food production Meteorology Mobile communication Synchronization data offline capability software architecture software development software engineering Abstract: Mobile apps increasingly constitute complete ecosystems to support businesses such as farming. Software architects and engineers from John Deere and the Fraunhofer Institute for Experimental Software Engineering recently piloted a mobile-app ecosystem for farmers, focusing on data's role in architecting. Having the right data at the right time at the right place is crucial for high user productivity and a good user experience. In particular, offline capability is important but difficult. The authors describe a custom solution for offline capability and share lessons learned regarding data-related architecture decisions. Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8665 Author: Walter, Cláudio and de Oliveira, JoséPalazzo M. Year: 1996 Title: Plant engineering: Modeling and design of topological coupling aspects in a computer aided environment Journal: Computers in Industry Volume: 28 Issue: 2 Pages: 73-80 Date: 5// Short Title: Plant engineering: Modeling and design of topological coupling aspects in a computer aided environment ISSN: 0166-3615 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0166-3615(95)00060-7 Keywords: Product modeling Plant engineering Abstract: When designing a plant for continuous or semi-continuous processes, such as paper pulp or petrochemical production systems, engineers face very complex tasks, which are only in part supported by software tools. Engineering is an expensive task in itself, but the consequences of bad engineering are even worse, resulting, for instance, in the loss of a couple of production weeks. Information systems supporting the engineering activities play a critical role in minimizing errors and delays, thus maximizing the quality and the economic return of the plant. Computer-supported tasks require the concurrent participation of multiple designers. The design task complexity is compounded by its interdisciplinary character: the engineering system has to assure design consistency between teams with different specialties that must work as freely as possible. This paper analyses the problem, proposes the rcad software architecture and describes partial implementation results. The architecture, which is based on a simple yet powerful conceptual model, combines low-cost commercially available packages with relatively little custom-written software. Its features are nowadays either supported by very expensive or very specialized integrated packages, or separately performed by largely disintegrated database managers, drafting systems and other software. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0166361595000607 Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 8283 Author: Lifton, Joshua, Feldmeier, Mark, Ono, Yasuhiro, Lewis, Cameron and Paradiso, Joseph A. Year: 2007 Title: A platform for ubiquitous sensor deployment in occupational and domestic environments Conference Name: Proceedings of the 6th international conference on Information processing in sensor networks Conference Location: Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA Publisher: ACM Pages: 119-127 DOI: 10.1145/1236360.1236377 Place Published: 1236377 Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9643 Author: Archuleta, J., Feng, W. c. and Tilevich, E. Year of Conference: 2007 Title: A Pluggable Framework for Parallel Pairwise Sequence Search Conference Name: 2007 29th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society Pages: 127-130 Date: 22-26 Aug. 2007 Short Title: A Pluggable Framework for Parallel Pairwise Sequence Search ISBN: 1094-687X DOI: 10.1109/IEMBS.2007.4352239 Keywords: biology computing genetics parallel algorithms query formulation software architecture computing industry mixin layer multicore technology multiprocessor technology parallel pairwise sequence search pluggable framework serial sequence-search tool single-processor system Central Processing Unit Computer industry Concurrent computing Databases Hardware Parallel processing Scattering Software design Throughput Algorithms Computer Systems Information Storage and Retrieval Software Abstract: The current and near future of the computing industry is one of multi-core and multi-processor technology. Most existing sequence-search tools have been designed with a focus on single-core, single-processor systems. This discrepancy between software design and hardware architecture substantially hinders sequence-search performance by not allowing full utilization of the hardware. This paper presents a novel framework that will aid the conversion of serial sequence-search tools into a parallel version that can take full advantage of the available hardware. The framework, which is based on a software architecture called mixin layers with refined roles, enables modules to be plugged into the framework with minimal effort. The inherent modular design improves maintenance and extensibility, thus opening up a plethora of opportunities for advanced algorithmic features to be developed and incorporated while routine maintenance of the codebase persists. Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 8261 Author: Stergiou, Christos and Arys, Geert Year: 2001 Title: Policy based agent management using conversation patterns Conference Name: Proceedings of the fifth international conference on Autonomous agents Conference Location: Montreal, Quebec, Canada Publisher: ACM Pages: 220-221 DOI: 10.1145/375735.376290 Place Published: 376290 Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 8317 Author: Qian, Kai, Lo, Chia-Tien Dan and Hu, Xiaolin Year: 2010 Title: Portable labs in a box for embedded system education Conference Name: Proceedings of the fifteenth annual conference on Innovation and technology in computer science education Conference Location: Bilkent, Ankara, Turkey Publisher: ACM Pages: 318-318 DOI: 10.1145/1822090.1822195 Place Published: 1822195 Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 8945 Author: Junming, Chang Year of Conference: 2011 Title: Practical applications and considerations of Visual teaching Conference Name: 2011 IEEE International Symposium on IT in Medicine and Education Volume: 2 Pages: 453-455 Date: 9-11 Dec. 2011 Short Title: Practical applications and considerations of Visual teaching DOI: 10.1109/ITiME.2011.6132147 Keywords: cognition computer aided instruction cultural aspects data visualisation object-oriented methods sustainable development teaching cognitive load computer technology cultural integration software design visual teaching visualization technology Computers Cultural differences Education Psychology Visualization Instructional Designt Teaching effectivenesss Abstract: With the rapid development in computer technology, visualization technology has plays an important role in improving teaching. However, its effectiveness is far behind the expectation. The paper discusses practical reasons that lead to difficulties in achieving desired results when Visual teaching is applied in practices. Discussions focus on sustainable development, software design, cognitive load, approaches, cultural integration, and teaching effectiveness in practical applications. It would be helpful to review and analyze activities in practical applications of visual teaching. Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 8355 Author: Fritz, Jane M. Year: 1987 Title: A pragmatic approach to systems analysis and design Conference Name: Proceedings of the eighteenth SIGCSE technical symposium on Computer science education Conference Location: St. Louis, Missouri, USA Publisher: ACM Pages: 127-131 DOI: 10.1145/31820.31746 Place Published: 31746 Abstract: The University of New Brunswick offers a wide selection of upper year Computer Science electives. Systems analysis and design, consisting of the study and use of the system life cycle for developing business information systems together with associated techniques and issues, has been offered for about 14 years. Considered to be a “soft” subject in a sea of hard-core technical courses, for many years this course was elected by a manageable maximum of 15-25 students per year. In recent years, particularly due to reinforcement by an active group of employers in our expanding co-op program, the value of such a course has been more widely recognized by our students. This paper examines methods used to handle substantial enrollment increases (40-60 students) in a subject which is especially sensitive to class size. Efforts made to improve the effectiveness of teaching this non-technical but vital material to technically oriented students are discussed. As well, the differences between software engineering and systems analysis and design are outlined. A case is made for a change in the ACM Curriculum '78 Software Design course CS14 to relect the very important role of the analysis phase in software development. Notes: students in focus Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8356 Author: Fritz, Jane M. Year: 1987 Title: A pragmatic approach to systems analysis and design Journal: SIGCSE Bull. Volume: 19 Issue: 1 Pages: 127-131 Short Title: A pragmatic approach to systems analysis and design ISSN: 0097-8418 DOI: 10.1145/31726.31746 Legal Note: 31746 Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 8280 Author: Deursen, Arie van Year: 2010 Title: A pragmatic perspective on software visualization Conference Name: Proceedings of the 5th international symposium on Software visualization Conference Location: Salt Lake City, Utah, USA Publisher: ACM Pages: 1-2 DOI: 10.1145/1879211.1879212 Place Published: 1879212 Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9436 Author: Yasaweerasinghelage, R., Staples, M. and Weber, I. Year of Conference: 2017 Title: Predicting Latency of Blockchain-Based Systems Using Architectural Modelling and Simulation Conference Name: 2017 IEEE International Conference on Software Architecture (ICSA) Pages: 253-256 Date: 3-7 April 2017 Short Title: Predicting Latency of Blockchain-Based Systems Using Architectural Modelling and Simulation DOI: 10.1109/ICSA.2017.22 Keywords: decision making digital simulation distributed databases architectural decision-making architectural modelling architectural performance modelling blockchain-based systems blockchain-specific issues incident management system latency prediction median system level response time nonfunctional requirements simulation tools transactional data sharing Benchmark testing Contracts Databases Predictive models Time measurement Software architecture Software performance Abstract: Blockchain is an emerging technology for sharing transactional data and computation without using a central trusted third party. It is an architectural choice to use a blockchain instead of traditional databases or protocols, and this creates trade-offs between non-functional requirements such as performance, cost, and security. However, little is known about predicting the behaviour of blockchain-based systems. This paper shows the feasibility of using architectural performance modelling and simulation tools to predict the latency of blockchain-based systems. We use established tools and techniques, but explore new blockchain-specific issues such as the configuration of the number of confirmation blocks and inter-block times. We report on a lab-based experimental study using an incident management system, showing predictions of median system level response time with a relative error mostly under 10%. We discuss how the approach can be used to support architectural decision-making, during the design of blockchain-based systems. Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8576 Author: Acherjee, Bappa, Misra, Dipten, Bose, Dipankar and Venkadeshwaran, K. Year: 2009 Title: Prediction of weld strength and seam width for laser transmission welding of thermoplastic using response surface methodology Journal: Optics & Laser Technology Volume: 41 Issue: 8 Pages: 956-967 Date: 11// Short Title: Prediction of weld strength and seam width for laser transmission welding of thermoplastic using response surface methodology ISSN: 0030-3992 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.optlastec.2009.04.007 Keywords: Laser transmission welding Response surface methodology (RSM) Thermoplastics Abstract: In the present work, a study is made to investigate the effects of process parameters, namely, laser power, welding speed, size of the laser beam and clamp pressure, on the lap-shear strength and weld-seam width for laser transmission welding of acrylic (polymethyl methacrylate), using a diode laser system. Response surface methodology (RSM) is employed to develop mathematical relationships between the welding process parameters and the output variables of the weld joint to determine the welding input parameters that lead to the desired weld quality. In addition, using response surface plots, the interaction effects of process parameters on the responses are analyzed and discussed. The statistical software Design-Expert v7 is used to establish the design matrix and to obtain the regression equations. The developed mathematical models are tested by analysis-of-variance (ANOVA) method to check their adequacy. Finally, a comparison is made between measured and calculated results, which are in good agreement. This indicates that the developed models can predict the responses adequately within the limits of welding parameters being used. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0030399209000565 Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 7972 Author: Izurieta, Clemente, Rojas, Gonzalo and Griffith, Isaac Year: 2015 Title: Preemptive Management of Model Driven Technical Debt for Improving Software Quality Conference Name: Proceedings of the 11th International ACM SIGSOFT Conference on Quality of Software Architectures Conference Location: Montréal, QC, Canada Publisher: ACM Pages: 31-36 DOI: 10.1145/2737182.2737193 Place Published: 2737193 Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 8880 Author: Izurieta, C., Rojas, G. and Griffith, I. Year of Conference: 2015 Title: Preemptive management of model driven technical debt for improving software quality Conference Name: 2015 11th International ACM SIGSOFT Conference on Quality of Software Architectures (QoSA) Pages: 31-36 Date: 4-8 May 2015 Short Title: Preemptive management of model driven technical debt for improving software quality DOI: 10.1145/2737182.2737193 Keywords: software architecture software development management software quality model driven technical debt preemptive management technical debt management Computer science Decision making Object oriented modeling Software engineering Taxonomy Technical debt model and architectural quality model driven development software maintenance Abstract: Technical debt has been the subject of numerous studies over the last few years. To date, most of the research has concentrated on management (detection, quantification, and decision making) approaches-most performed at code and implementation levels through various static analysis tools. However, if practitioners are to adopt model driven techniques, then the management of technical debt also requires that we address this problem during the specification and architectural phases. This position paper discusses several questions that need to be addressed in order to improve the quality of software architecture by exploring the management of technical debt during modeling, and suggests various lines of research that are worthwhile subjects for further investigation. Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8660 Author: Luqi and Broy, Manfred Year: 1999 Title: Preface: Volume 25 Journal: Electronic Notes in Theoretical Computer Science Volume: 25 Pages: 145-146 Date: // Short Title: Preface: Volume 25 ISSN: 1571-0661 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S1571-0661(05)80554-7 Abstract: Software Engineering to our Planning Horizon The Army Research Office, National Science Foundation, Office of Naval Research, and the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency sponsored the 1998 Monterey Workshop on Engineering Automation for Computer Based Systems. This workshop is the 6th in a series of international workshops with the general theme of increasing the practical impact of formal methods for software and systems engineering. The workshop took place in Carmel, California late 1998, hosted by the Naval Postgraduate School. Since 1990, the previous workshops in the series focused on real-time and concurrent systems, software merging and slicing, software evolution, software architecture, and requirements targeting software. This workshop focused on engineering automation. The objectives of the workshops are to encourage interaction between the research and engineering communities, exchange recent results, assess their significance and encourage transfer of relevant results to practice, communicate current problems in engineering practice to researchers, and help focus future research on directions that address pressing practical needs. Over the past years, we have witnessed a slow but steady decrease in the gap between the theoretical and practical sides of the software engineering community. We hope that this trend will continue and will accelerate improvements in the state of software engineering practice and theory. Software problems have been quite visible to the public due to spectacular disasters in space missions or telephone black outs and are receiving increasing attention with the nearing Y2K deadline. It is a good time to demonstrate concrete improvements in our discipline. The continued doubling of computing speed and memory capacity every 18 months implies that the only constancy for large distributed systems, technology, tactics and doctrine may well be the idea that change is always inevitable. The dynamic aspect of systems is not supported by current practice and is seldom emphasized in current research. Software evolution research is extremely important for achieving modifiable and dependable systems in the future. Improved methods for reengineering are also needed to bring legacy systems to the condition where they can benefit from improvements in software evolution technology. Thirty years ago, when the term software engineering was coined, there was lack of theoretical foundation for many practical concepts in computing. That is no longer true. A solid body of foundational work is available now that addresses many challenging issues related to software and computing, including specification techniques for systems and data, logical calculi for concurrent, distributed, and real-time systems, logical concepts related to interactive systems, and formal models of programming language semantics with a variety of inference systems. The challenge is to put these results to work, to develop theory that better supports engineering needs, and to improve practice. This will require cooperation and a concerted effort from both theoreticians and practitioners. We will need advances in education and improvements in theoretical approaches to meet the demand of practical engineering for computer software. To be attractive to practitioners, formal methods, mathematical foundations and automated engineering tools need to provide return on investment. These approaches must be cost effective to successfully compete with other development methods, and the benefits they provide in terms of software quality must have sufficient economic value to justify investment in them. These goals require some uncomfortable changes in the research community. Mathematical elegance is not enough for the success of an engineering theory: applicability, tractability, and ease of understanding are often more important in practice than logical completeness or conceptual elegance of the principles that guarantee the soundness of the methods. We must carefully separate the application of mathematics to demonstrate the soundness of a formal software model or to construct automated tools for engineers from the formal models that will be used “by engineers as design representations”. The formal aspects of computing cannot be studied in isolation if we are to have practical impact. The different aspects of technical, educational, and management issues are so closely intertwined in software engineering practice that it is risky and ineffective to study and develop them in isolation if practical applicability is a prominent goal. This puts interdisciplinary requirements on researchers and lends importance to interactions between experts from different specialties, such as those promoted by this workshop. We have collected some excellent papers for the workshop. These articles are written by internationally renowned contributors from both academia and industry that examine current best practices and propose strategies for improvement, as well as a summary of the high points of the discussions at the workshop. The broadest range of expert opinion and views were represented. Members of the academic, government, military and commercial world came to share their vision, insight and concerns. By synthesizing the expertise of these communities we hope to gain significant insight into the problems and solutions. The discussions ranged beyond the narrow confines of software and mathematics, to address engineering of systems containing hardware and people as well as software, and related issues that include requirements elicitation, management, and engineering education. Discussions at the workshop addressed technical advances in mature areas, such as a new decision procedure for a queue data type and novel types of model checking, as well as ideas for new directions, such as lightweight inference and co-algebraic models for interactive systems. The workshop helped to reduce the gap between theory and practice, and to recharge the research community to address problems of immediate concern. Workshop attendees identified and discussed both the technologically dependent and technologically independent trends within the engineering automation of computer based systems for the near term and out to our planning horizon. It is our pleasure to thank the workshop advisory, program and local arrangements committees, and the workshop sponsors, NSF, ONR, DARPA, and especially ARO, for their vision of a principled engineering solution for software and for their many-year tireless effort in supporting a series of workshops to bring everyone together. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1571066105805547 Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8743 Author: Kahl, Wolfram, Parnas, David L. and Schmidt, Gunther Year: 2003 Title: Preface: Volume 44, Issue 3 Journal: Electronic Notes in Theoretical Computer Science Volume: 44 Issue: 3 Pages: 221-223 Date: 5// Short Title: Preface: Volume 44, Issue 3 ISSN: 1571-0661 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S1571-0661(05)80010-6 Abstract: RelMiS 2001 This issue contains the Proceedings of the First International Workshop on Relational Methods in Software (RelMiS 2001). The Workshop was held in Genova, Italy, on April 7 and 8, 2001, as a satellite event to ETAPS 2001. The rôle of the calculus of relations in algebra and logic is well understood and appreciated; relational methods should be part of the “toolbox” of everyone who uses mathematics, and relational methods can also be of great value to everyone who develops or specifies software. For example, much of the work on special logics or “laws” for programs can be simplified by applying relational algebra. Further, every relation on a state space can be used as a specification or description of a program. This is an advantage over some predicate-based formalisms in which one can write “specifications” that are impossible to satisfy. During the 1980's, the equational theory of relation algebras was applied to program semantics and program development. On the other hand, a topic such as relational databases was an essentially new development, but one that did not take full advantage of earlier mathematical work on relations. It has contributed new concepts. Computer science, as a new application field for relational methods, has both drawn from and contributed to previous work in logics and mathematics. Further integration of the mathematical work in relational methods with research in computer science can only benefit both. Although a series of international “RelMiCS” workshops on “Relational Methods in Computer Science” already has been established, and, more recently, the joint European COST Action 274 TARSKI (Theory and Application of Relational Methods as Knowledge Instruments) has gained considerable interest, we felt that more exposure of relational methods to software practitioners and computer scientists with interests in software development was needed. Consequently, we decided to initiate a satellite event for ETAPS 2001, and are grateful to the ETAPS organisers for including RelMiS among their satellite events. RelMiS 2001 consisted of two distinct parts: • a tutorial introduction to relational methods for computer scientists and software developers, and • a workshop to discuss new results and possible future work. For the tutorial part, four lectures were held: • Gunther Schmidt: Basics of Relational Methods This tutorial presented the foundations of relational methods, stressing the component-free compositional approach which allows more compact formalisations and concise, easily verified, proofs. • David L. Parnas: The Tabular Method for Relational Documentation The basic mathematical laws of relations can be presented and verified using compact abstract notation. However, descriptions of specific relations, such as those that arise in describing software, must be done in terms of a a state representation. When conventional notation is used, the expressions can be complex and hard to use. This tutorial presented and explained tabular notation that has been found useful in practical software development. It also described a set of prototype tools that make it easier to apply relational methods in software development. • Wolfram Kahl: Refinement and Development of Programs from Relational Specifications Starting from relational specifications, refinement steps may be used to obtain first more detailed specifications, and then programs. The foundations of relational refinement concepts were discussed and the “demonic calculus of relations” and other tools for calculational program development by relational refinement were presented. • Rudolf Berghammer (Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel): Prototyping and Programming with Relations This tutorial showed an approach to programming directly on the level of binary relations, and with strong visualisation support. This was then used for solving combinatorial problems and for prototyping complex algorithms on a high level of abstraction. For the open workshop, we called for contributions in a field centering around the following topics: • Relational Specifications and Modelling Methods and tools, tabular methods, abstract data types • Relational Software Design and Development Techniques Relational refinement, heuristic approaches for derivation, correctness considerations, dynamic programming, greedy algorithms, catamorphisms, paramorphisms, hylomorphisms and related topics • Programming with Relations Prototyping, testing, fault tolerance, information systems, information coding • Handling of Large Relations Problems of scale, innovative representations, distributed implementation, implementing relational algebra with mixed representation of relations This special issue begins with slides from the second tutorial and notes for the last two tutorials. The remainder is made up of the six accepted contributions presented on the second day of the RelMiS workshop, which saw much lifely discussion and which concluded with software demonstrations from the participants. The contribution by Del Gobbo and Mili employs relation-algebraic reasoning for composing the specification of a fault-tolerant flight control system, exploiting the flexibility of relational formalisations and the ease with which relational operations allow composition at a high level of abstraction to arrive at a logically structured specification that also addresses the non-functional requirement of fault-tolerance. Also in the realm of specification, Khédri considers relational formalisations of scenarios. He arrives at a characterisation of bisimulation via fixpoints involving residuals, and uses this to outline a technique that can be used for automated comparison of different formalisations of scenarios, yielding information not only about discrepancies, but also about different levels of formality and granularity. Omodeo and Doberkat propose a relation-algebraic semantics for the static aspects of entity-relationship models with the aim of enabling formal reasoning about ER-models. They use a formalisation of set theory inside relation algebra to enable a formal semantics of a restricted kind of ER-models (but including inheritance) close to the intuitive understanding of ER-modellers. A new kind of relational diagrams representing relation-algebraic formulae is introduced by Formisano, Omodeo and Simeoni, and implemented as an application of an existing graph rewriting tool. This provides a proof assistant for graphical reasoning in the calculus of binary relations, and includes mechanisms for the translation of predicate-logic specifications. Bruni and Gadduci investigate fundamental properties of category-theoretic spans and co-pans and show how closely these relate to algebras of relations and of multirelations. An intersting application shows how co-pans, used as semantic domain for Petri nets, suport reasoning about causality between different threads of a distributed computation. Building on a relation-algebraic model of CCS processes, Winter presents an implemented mechanism for generating process definitions from safety conditions expressed in a modal logic, and includes a sketch how this could be extended to also cover temporal logic lifeness conditions. We are very grateful to Jules Desharnais (Université Laval, Québec, Canada) and Rudolf Berghammer (Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Germany) for joining us on the program committee for the workshop, and also wish to express our sincere gratitude to Michael Mislove for making this special issue of ENTCS possible. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1571066105800106 Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8490 Author: Baresi, Luciano, Pezze, Mauro and Taentzer, Gabriele Year: 2001 Title: Preface: Volume 50, Issue 3 Journal: Electronic Notes in Theoretical Computer Science Volume: 50 Issue: 3 Pages: 325-326 Date: 8// Short Title: Preface: Volume 50, Issue 3 ISSN: 1571-0661 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S1571-0661(05)80571-7 Abstract: Introduction Graph Transformation and Visual Modeling Techniques - GT-VMT 2001 After the success of last year in Geneva (Switzerland), also this year ICALP hosts the International Workshop on Graph Transformation and Visual Modeling Techniques (GT-VMT), held in Crete (Greece) on July 12 and 13, 2001. The success of visual modeling techniques is widely recognized in many areas and in particular in software engineering: structured analysis, Petri nets ans Statecharts are only a few “classical” notations that exploit diagrammatic reasoning to render concepts and ideas. Graphical notations are assuming even increasing importance in software engineering with the wide adoption of UML (Unified Modeling Language), as the standard notation for developing almost any kind of software systems, and coordination languages for describing software architectures and distributed systems. All these languages come with clear and well-defined graphical syntaxes, but lack precise approaches for formalizing these concepts and reasoning on their semantics. The last-year workshop has already proven the suitability of Graph Grammars and Graph Transformation to express these concepts; this year, the workshop aims at fostering their central role and disseminating their capabilities and potentialities in other communities, which already use graphs and diagrammatic reasoning, but do not master the necessary technical foundations. This is why the workshop aims at making “technology providers”, that is, experts in graphs and graph transformation, work together with “potential customers”, that is, users of diagrammatic reasoning. It is a good opportunity to try to collate the different viewpoints and find sound solutions to well-known problems. The Program Committee selected twelve contributions by researchers from several different countries: Belgium, Brazil, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, and USA. Selected contributions are both methodological and practical, that is, they try to both improve available technology and apply it to concrete examples. The program includes also two invited talks by Hartmut Ehrig (TU Berlin, Germany) and Andy Schuerr (University of the German Federal Armed Forces, Germany). The organizers want to thank Hartmut Ehrig for proposing to organize the workshop, the whole Program Committee for their hard and valuable work, and Christos D. Zaroliagis for the constant support provided while organizing the meeting. July 2001 Gabriele Taentzer, Luciano Baresi, and Mauro Pezzé Program Committee • Luciano Baresi (Politecnico di Milano, Italy) • Andrea Corradini (University of Pisa, Italy) • Gregor Engels (University of Paderborn, Germany) • Robert France (Colorado State University, USA) • Reiko Heckel (University of Paderborn, Germany) • Hans-Joerg Kreowski (University of Bremen, Germany) • Francesco Parisi Presicce (University of Roma, Italy) • Mauro Pezzé (University of Milano, Bicocca, Italy) • Gregor Rozenberg (Universiteit Leiden, Netherlands) • Gabriele Taentzer (TU Berlin, Germany) URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1571066105805717 Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8431 Author: Alhanout, Kamel, Bun, Sok-Siya, Retornaz, Karine, Chiche, Laurent and Colombini, Nathalie Year: 2017 Title: Prescription errors related to the use of computerized provider order-entry system for pediatric patients Journal: International Journal of Medical Informatics Volume: 103 Pages: 15-19 Date: 7// Short Title: Prescription errors related to the use of computerized provider order-entry system for pediatric patients ISSN: 1386-5056 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijmedinf.2017.04.005 Keywords: Drug prescriptions Medical order entry systems Pediatrics Medication errors Abstract: AbstractObjectives To evaluate the nature and frequency of medication errors resulting from the use of a computerized provider order-entry (CPOE) system in a pediatric department. Methods We conducted a retrospective study to examine errors related to computerized orders using the software Pharma® (Computer Engineering, France) in pediatric department between 31/05/2015 to 01/12/2015. These errors were signaled by pharmacists who examine CPOEs daily. Results A total of 302 pharmacist interventions (PharmInt) were carried out by clinical pharmacists during the study period. Of the 302 PharmInts, a total of 95 (31.5%) contained no data on the patient’s bodyweight, which should have been provided by the prescriber (Table 1). After the PharmInt, information on bodyweight was then provided in 47 of these cases (15.6%). Incomplete information about administration frequency accounted for 19.9% of total PharmInts. Prescribing an excessive dose occurred in 17.6% of PharmInts, inappropriate modifications of prescription unit accounted for 9.9% of PharmInts, and incorrect dosage was prescribed in 8.3% of PharmInts. Of the 302 PharmInts, 255 concerned prescription errors and bodyweight missing not provided after PharmInt. Paracetamol, in its different forms (injectable, solid or liquid oral forms) accounted for 35.7% of total PharmInts. Noted errors for paracetamol included an incorrect dosage form, co-administration of two paracetamol-containing drugs, modification of the prescription unit, incorrect frequency of administrations, and absence of the patient’s bodyweight. Inconsistent use of a contradicted or a non-used drug for pediatric patients was noted along with prescriptions for inadequate dosages. Discussion and conclusion Our work revealed several error types in prescribing for pediatric patients, mainly absence of bodyweight, incorrect frequency of administration and excessive doses. Information on bodyweight is crucial in pediatric patients: our study highlights the need to make it mandatory to complete prescriptions via CPOE systems. The role of better software design is pivotal to avoiding these errors. In addition to optimizing the quality of CPOE-entries, well-designed software, better-trained users, and improved communication among healthcare will reduce errors. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1386505617300837 Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8374 Author: Arens, Yigal, Miller, Lawrence and Sondheimer, Norman Year: 1988 Title: Presentation Planning Using an Integrated Knowledge Base Journal: SIGCHI Bull. Volume: 20 Issue: 1 Pages: 73-74 Short Title: Presentation Planning Using an Integrated Knowledge Base ISSN: 0736-6906 DOI: 10.1145/49103.1046400 Legal Note: 1046400 Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 8266 Author: Anikeev, Maxim and Freiling, Felix Year: 2013 Title: Preventing malicious data harvesting from deallocated memory areas Conference Name: Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Security of Information and Networks Conference Location: Aksaray, Turkey Publisher: ACM Pages: 448-449 DOI: 10.1145/2523514.2527022 Place Published: 2527022 Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 9646 Author: Wirfs-Brock, R. J. Year: 2009 Title: Principles in Practice Journal: IEEE Software Volume: 26 Issue: 4 Pages: 11-12 Short Title: Principles in Practice ISSN: 0740-7459 DOI: 10.1109/MS.2009.99 Keywords: object-oriented programming systems analysis abstraction-interface definition design flexibility preservation implementation detail hiding object behavior distribution software design principle Astronomy Digital audio broadcasting Electronics packaging Physics Software design Thumb Uncertainty Writing Robert Martin design principles software Abstract: This paper deals with good software design principle. On what do you base your design decisions-established conventions, past experience, or principles? The author discusses about three principles that seemed to underlie many of those experts decisions: 1) distribute behavior among objects (rather than concentrate it into a single controlling object). 2) preserve design flexibility by hiding implementation details.3) define abstractions and interfaces first (before focusing on data and coding details). Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 8989 Author: Kernen, T. and Posick, S. Year of Conference: 2013 Title: The Principles of Low-Latency Media Centric Network Architectures Conference Name: SMPTE 2013 Annual Technical Conference & Exhibition Pages: 1-14 Date: 22-24 Oct. 2013 Short Title: The Principles of Low-Latency Media Centric Network Architectures DOI: 10.5594/M001491 Keywords: IP low-latency media monitoring multicast network synchronization workflows Abstract: With the move to Internet Protocol (IP) networks, the desire to produce low-latency, high throughput networks has increased in recent years. But low-latency and high throughput do not necessarily go hand-in-hand. In fact there is somewhat of an inverse relationship between the two, despite the fact that latency plays a critical role in TCP/IP throughput. Microbursts, buffer/queue management, and poor software design all play significant roles in increasing latency. In this paper, we will discuss the key design principles for the creation of low-latency, high throughput IP networks for real-time media centric applications. Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 9468 Author: Kernen, T. and Posick, S. Year: 2014 Title: Principles of Low-Latency Mediacentric Network Architectures Journal: SMPTE Motion Imaging Journal Volume: 123 Issue: 3 Pages: 41-48 Short Title: Principles of Low-Latency Mediacentric Network Architectures ISSN: 1545-0279 DOI: 10.5594/j18396XY Abstract: With the move to Internet protocol (IP) networks, the desire to produce low-latency, high-throughput networks has increased in recent years. But low latency and high throughput do not necessarily go hand in hand. There is somewhat of an inverse relationship between the two, although latency plays a critical role in transmission control protocol (TCP)/IP throughput. Microbursts, buffer and queue management, and poor software design all play significant roles in increasing latency. This paper discusses the key design principles for the creation of low-latency, high-throughput IP networks for realtime mediacentric applications. Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8487 Author: González, Javier Polanco and Yousif, Charles Year: 2015 Title: Prioritising Energy Efficiency Measures to Achieve a Zero Net-energy Hotel on the Island of Gozo in the Central Mediterranean Journal: Energy Procedia Volume: 83 Pages: 50-59 Date: 12// Short Title: Prioritising Energy Efficiency Measures to Achieve a Zero Net-energy Hotel on the Island of Gozo in the Central Mediterranean ISSN: 1876-6102 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2015.12.195 Keywords: near-zero energy building hotel energy performance Mediterranean Malta Gozo Abstract: Nowadays energy consumption of buildings in different countries comprises 20–40% of total energy use. In Malta, the building sector consumes about 35% of the total energy consumption, with hotels playing a significant role in producing carbon dioxide emissions. In this scenario and taking into consideration the EPBD goal for 2020, a review of all possible measures that can be considered to attain near or net zero-energy buildings has been made.. A case study has also been adopted to design a real new small hotel in the island of Gozo, Malta with the aim of making it a low energy building. An energy analysis software Design Builder-EnergyPlus has been used to simulate and optimise the energy use of the hotel, through improvements in the building's envelope. Polysun software has also been used to evaluate the performance of sustainable energy and high efficiency systems. A number of optimum solutions combining different systems together with improved building envelope design were then proposed to make the hotel a zero net-energy building. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S187661021502860X Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9115 Author: Pareto, L., Sandberg, A., Eriksson, P. and Ehnebom, S. Year of Conference: 2011 Title: Prioritizing Architectural Concerns Conference Name: 2011 Ninth Working IEEE/IFIP Conference on Software Architecture Pages: 22-31 Date: 20-24 June 2011 Short Title: Prioritizing Architectural Concerns DOI: 10.1109/WICSA.2011.13 Keywords: groupware software architecture system documentation analytical techniques architectural concern prioritization architectural documentation collaborative techniques heterogeneous stakeholder groups Conferences Documentation Interviews Organizations Planning Reflection Taxonomy analytic-deliberative decision making architectural concern concern prioritization software architecture design Abstract: Efficient architecture work involves balancing the degree of architectural documentation with attention to needs, costs, agility and other factors. This paper presents a method for prioritizing architectural concerns in the presence of heterogeneous stakeholder groups in large organizations that need to evolve existing architecture. The method involves enquiry, analysis, and deliberation using collaborative and analytical techniques. Method outcomes are action principles directed to managers and improvement advice directed to architects along with evidence for recommendations made. The method results from 3 years of action research at Ericsson AB with the purpose of adding missing views to architectural documentation and removing superfluous ones. It is illustrated on a case where 29 senior engineers and managers within Ericsson prioritized 37 architectural concerns areas to arrive at 8 action principles, 5 prioritized improvement areas, and 24 improvement suggestions. Feedback from the organization is that the method has been effective in prioritizing architectural concerns, that data collection and analysis is more extensive compared to traditional prioritization practices, but that extensive analysis seems inevitable in architecture improvement work. 'File' Atttachments: internal-pdf://0815143596/Prioritizing Architectural Concerns.pdf Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9299 Author: Degeling, M., Lentzsch, C., Nolte, A., Herrmann, T. and Loser, K. U. Year of Conference: 2016 Title: Privacy by Socio-Technical Design: A Collaborative Approach for Privacy Friendly System Design Conference Name: 2016 IEEE 2nd International Conference on Collaboration and Internet Computing (CIC) Pages: 502-505 Date: 1-3 Nov. 2016 Short Title: Privacy by Socio-Technical Design: A Collaborative Approach for Privacy Friendly System Design DOI: 10.1109/CIC.2016.077 Keywords: data privacy software engineering PbD collaborative work privacy aware design privacy by design privacy friendly system design question-based evaluation socio-technical design Collaboration Conferences Data protection Privacy Software Stakeholders socio-technical systems Abstract: Lately the European data protection directive has increased the attention for privacy by design (PbD). The idea behind this system and software design approach is to not consider privacy as an add-on or legal requirement but to foster the development of privacy friendly technology right from the beginning. Current PbD approaches however mainly focus on technological aspects of privacy. They rarely consider the context in which software systems are build and used. The context however plays a vital role especially with respect to the future usage of a system in an organizational environment. We propose to use established socio-technical design approaches, in which multiple stakeholders collaborate on process models, as a basis for privacy by design. We adapt them to incorporate aspects relevant for privacy aware design and introduce a tool that can support question-based evaluation and collaborative work on processes that make use of personally identifiable information. Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9490 Author: Greveler, U., Justus, B. and Loehr, D. Year of Conference: 2011 Title: A Privacy Preserving System for Cloud Computing Conference Name: 2011 IEEE 11th International Conference on Computer and Information Technology Pages: 648-653 Date: Aug. 31 2011-Sept. 2 2011 Short Title: A Privacy Preserving System for Cloud Computing DOI: 10.1109/CIT.2011.88 Keywords: cloud computing cryptography data privacy database management systems cloud administrator cloud database storage architecture cryptographic key information privacy preserving system sensitive data trusted computing Access control Databases Encryption XML Data security Outsourcing Privacy Software architecture Abstract: Cloud computing is changing the way that organizations manage their data, due to its robustness, low cost and ubiquitous nature. Privacy concerns arise whenever sensitive data is outsourced to the cloud. This paper introduces a cloud database storage architecture that prevents the local administrator as well as the cloud administrator to learn about the outsourced database content. Moreover, machine readable rights expressions are used in order to limit users of the database to a need-to-know basis. These limitations are not changeable by administrators after the database related application is launched, since a new role of rights editors is defined once an application is launched. Furthermore, trusted computing is applied to bind cryptographic key information to trusted states. By limiting the necessary trust in both corporate as well as external administrators and service providers, we counteract the often criticized privacy and confidentiality risks of corporate cloud computing. Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 7922 Author: Petrov, Plamen, Nord, Robert L. and Buy, Ugo Year: 2014 Title: Probabilistic Macro-Architectural Decision Framework Conference Name: Proceedings of the 2014 European Conference on Software Architecture Workshops Conference Location: Vienna, Austria Publisher: ACM Pages: 1-8 DOI: 10.1145/2642803.2642830 Place Published: 2642830 Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9372 Author: Landauer, C. Year of Conference: 2011 Title: Problem Posing as a System Engineering Paradigm Conference Name: 2011 21st International Conference on Systems Engineering Pages: 346-351 Date: 16-18 Aug. 2011 Short Title: Problem Posing as a System Engineering Paradigm DOI: 10.1109/ICSEng.2011.69 Keywords: software engineering dynamic environments engineering technique problem posing interpretation software design software development system engineering paradigm uncertain environments Computer architecture Context Data models Games Hardware Sensors Software Cooperating Distributed Processes Roles and Responsibilities Scenario-Based Engineering Process Wrapping Integration Infrastructure Abstract: One of the banes of modern software development is needing to make design decisions before enough information is available to do so with adequate justification. In this paper, we describe a novel system engineering technique that helps alleviate the problem by allowing many such decisions to be delayed until they can be made with sufficient supporting information. We expect this approach will substantially improve the effectiveness of software design in the most difficult cases of complex software systems embedded in dynamic and uncertain environments. We describe the steps in the process, and how the Problem Posing Interpretation extends the Scenario Based Engineering Process to provide this flexibility. We illustrate the development steps with an example of a testbed for studying distributed cooperative behavior. Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 8907 Author: Qing, C. and Zhong, Y. Year of Conference: 2012 Title: A Problem-Frame-Based Approach for Component-Oriented Development Conference Name: 2012 Spring Congress on Engineering and Technology Pages: 1-4 Date: 27-30 May 2012 Short Title: A Problem-Frame-Based Approach for Component-Oriented Development DOI: 10.1109/SCET.2012.6342012 Keywords: Internet object-oriented programming software prototyping software reusability CCM COM++ CORBA EJB J2EE PFBA Qi4j toolkit agile software engineering method bottom-up approach component-oriented development process problem-frame-based approach software design software development software requirements Abstracts Algorithm design and analysis Context Heating Programming Software Software engineering Abstract: The rapid development of internet has brought a series of challenges for traditional software theories, models, approaches and technologies. An agile software engineering method is thought to be imminent. Components designed for reuse is expected as a way to resolve these problems. Some methods provide a top-down vision to direct the component-oriented development process. But the gap between initial software design and final implementation prevents it from playing a fundamental role in the process. On the other hand, a bottom-up approach which are widely used such as J2EE/EJB, COM/COM++, CORBA/CCM are also proved have some shortcomings. In this paper, Problem-Frame-Based Approach (PFBA), which provides a way of relating software requirements and development, is adopt to solve these problems. PFBA is a new way of looking at how to develop software, helps the developer to focus on the problem itself, and uses Qi4j toolkit to support a component-oriented development process. Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 7938 Author: Riebisch, Matthias, Bode, Stephan and Brcina, Robert Year: 2011 Title: Problem-solution mapping for forward and reengineering on architectural level Conference Name: Proceedings of the 12th International Workshop on Principles of Software Evolution and the 7th annual ERCIM Workshop on Software Evolution Conference Location: Szeged, Hungary Publisher: ACM Pages: 106-115 DOI: 10.1145/2024445.2024466 Place Published: 2024466 Abstract: Software architectures play a key role for the development and evolution of software systems because they have to enable their quality properties such as scalability, flexibility, and security. Software architectural decisions represent a transition from problem space with quality goals and requirements on one side to solution space with technical solutions on the other side. Technical solutions are reusable elements for the work of the architect as for example patterns, styles, frameworks and building blocks. For long-term evolution of the systems, an explicit mapping between goals and solutions is helpful for expressing design knowledge and fundamental decisions. Such a mapping has to bridge between the fields of requirements engineering, software architectural design, and software quality thus enabling reuse. In this paper the Goal Solution Scheme is discussed, which maps quality goals and goal refinements to architectural principles and solutions. The paper extends the approach from the previously discussed forward engineering to re-engineering activities thus covering evolutionary development processes. The evaluation of the approach has been performed in several case studies and projects including a large industrial one. Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9633 Year of Conference: 1994 Title: Proceedings of IEEE International Conference on Requirements Engineering Conference Name: Proceedings of IEEE International Conference on Requirements Engineering Pages: 0_1 Date: 18-22 April 1994 Short Title: Proceedings of IEEE International Conference on Requirements Engineering DOI: 10.1109/ICRE.1994.292411 Keywords: formal specification software tools systems analysis technology transfer case studies practitioners recommendations requirements engineering software architecture role standardisation Abstract: The following topics were dealt with: recommendations for immediate use by practitioners; requirements engineering standardisation; case studies; technology transfer; and software architecture role Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 8393 Year of Conference: 2009 Title: Proceedings of th 12th International Workshop on Software and Compilers for Embedded Systems Editor: Heiko, Falk Conference Location: Nice, France Publisher: ACM Pages: 94 Short Title: Proceedings of th 12th International Workshop on Software and Compilers for Embedded Systems ISBN: 978-1-60558-696-0 Place Published: 1543820 Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 8384 Year of Conference: 2009 Title: Proceedings of the 1st ACM SIGCHI symposium on Engineering interactive computing systems Conference Location: Pittsburgh, PA, USA Publisher: ACM Pages: 338 Short Title: Proceedings of the 1st ACM SIGCHI symposium on Engineering interactive computing systems ISBN: 978-1-60558-600-7 Place Published: 1570433 Notes: General Chair - T.C. Nicholas Graham Program Chair - Ga\&\#235;lle Calvary Program Chair - Philip Gray Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 8156 Year of Conference: 2017 Title: Proceedings of the 1st International Workshop on Establishing the Community-Wide Infrastructure for Architecture-Based Software Engineering Conference Location: Buenos Aires, Argentina Publisher: IEEE Press Pages: 50 Short Title: Proceedings of the 1st International Workshop on Establishing the Community-Wide Infrastructure for Architecture-Based Software Engineering ISBN: 978-1-5386-0417-5 Place Published: 3101282 Notes: Conference Chair - Nenad Medvidovic Program Chair - Sam Malek Program Chair - Mehdi Mirakhorli Program Chair - Joshua Garcia Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 7944 Year of Conference: 2008 Title: Proceedings of the 1st international workshop on Software architectures and mobility Conference Location: Leipzig, Germany Publisher: ACM Pages: 60 Short Title: Proceedings of the 1st international workshop on Software architectures and mobility ISBN: 978-1-60558-022-7 Place Published: 1370888 Notes: Program Chair - Rami Bahsoon Program Chair - Licia Capra Program Chair - Wolfgang Emmerich Program Chair - Mohamed E. Fayad Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 8230 Year of Conference: 2012 Title: Proceedings of the 3rd international ACM SIGSOFT symposium on Architecting Critical Systems Conference Location: Bertinoro, Italy Publisher: ACM Pages: 72 Short Title: Proceedings of the 3rd international ACM SIGSOFT symposium on Architecting Critical Systems ISBN: 978-1-4503-1347-6 Place Published: 2304656 Notes: General Chair - Vincenzo Grassi General Chair - Raffaela Mirandola Program Chair - Jorge Cuellar Program Chair - Javier Lopez Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 8260 Year of Conference: 2013 Title: Proceedings of the 4th international ACM Sigsoft symposium on Architecting critical systems Conference Location: Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada Publisher: ACM Pages: 60 Short Title: Proceedings of the 4th international ACM Sigsoft symposium on Architecting critical systems ISBN: 978-1-4503-2123-5 Place Published: 2465470 Notes: General Chair - Philippe Kruchten Program Chair - Sam Malek Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 8391 Year of Conference: 2005 Title: Proceedings of the 4th international conference on Aspect-oriented software development Conference Location: Chicago, Illinois Publisher: ACM Pages: 210 Short Title: Proceedings of the 4th international conference on Aspect-oriented software development ISBN: 1-59593-042-6 Place Published: 1052898 Notes: General Chair - Mira Mezini Program Chair - Peri Tarr Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 8385 Year of Conference: 2006 Title: Proceedings of the 4th international conference on Hardware/software codesign and system synthesis Conference Location: Seoul, Korea Publisher: ACM Pages: 308 Short Title: Proceedings of the 4th international conference on Hardware/software codesign and system synthesis ISBN: 1-59593-370-0 Place Published: 1176254 Notes: General Chair - Reinaldo Bergamaschi Program Chair - Kiyoung Choi Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 8134 Year of Conference: 2004 Title: Proceedings of the 4th international workshop on Software and performance Conference Location: Redwood Shores, California Publisher: ACM Pages: 313 Short Title: Proceedings of the 4th international workshop on Software and performance ISBN: 1-58113-673-0 0163-5948 Place Published: 974044 Notes: General Chair - Jozo Dujmovi\&\#263; Program Chair - Virgilio Almeida Program Chair - Doug Lea Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 8378 Year of Conference: 2006 Title: Proceedings of the 6th ACM \& IEEE International conference on Embedded software Conference Location: Seoul, Korea Publisher: ACM Pages: 332 Short Title: Proceedings of the 6th ACM \& IEEE International conference on Embedded software ISBN: 1-59593-542-8 Place Published: 1176887 Notes: General Chair - Sang Lyul Min General Chair - Wang Yi Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 8274 Year of Conference: 2008 Title: Proceedings of the 6th international symposium on Principles and practice of programming in Java Conference Location: Modena, Italy Publisher: ACM Pages: 198 Short Title: Proceedings of the 6th international symposium on Principles and practice of programming in Java ISBN: 978-1-60558-223-8 Place Published: 1411732 Notes: Conference Chair - Luis Veiga Conference Chair - Vasco Amaral Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 8243 Year of Conference: 2011 Title: Proceedings of the 6th International Workshop on SHAring and Reusing Architectural Knowledge Conference Location: Waikiki, Honolulu, HI, USA Publisher: ACM Pages: 56 Short Title: Proceedings of the 6th International Workshop on SHAring and Reusing Architectural Knowledge ISBN: 978-1-4503-0596-9 Place Published: 1988676 Notes: General Chair - Patricia Lago General Chair - Paris Avgeriou General Chair - Philippe Kruchten Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 8379 Year of Conference: 2007 Title: Proceedings of the 7th ACM \& IEEE international conference on Embedded software Conference Location: Salzburg, Austria Publisher: ACM Pages: 290 Short Title: Proceedings of the 7th ACM \& IEEE international conference on Embedded software ISBN: 978-1-59593-825-1 Place Published: 1289927 Notes: Program Chair - Christoph M. Kirsch Program Chair - Reinhard Wilhelm Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 8352 Year of Conference: 2010 Title: Proceedings of the 7th international conference on Autonomic computing Conference Location: Washington, DC, USA Publisher: ACM Pages: 236 Short Title: Proceedings of the 7th international conference on Autonomic computing ISBN: 978-1-4503-0074-2 Place Published: 1809049 Notes: General Chair - Manish Parashar Program Chair - Renato Figueiredo Program Chair - Emre K\&\#305;c\&\#305;man Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 8395 Year of Conference: 1993 Title: Proceedings of the 7th international workshop on Software specification and design Conference Location: Redondo Beach, California Publisher: IEEE Computer Society Press Pages: 222 Short Title: Proceedings of the 7th international workshop on Software specification and design ISBN: 0-8186-4360-9 1063-6765 Place Published: 951807 Notes: General Chair - Jack Wileden Program Chair - Martin S. Feather Program Chair - Axel van Lamsweerde Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 7950 Year of Conference: 2014 Title: Proceedings of the 10th international ACM Sigsoft conference on Quality of software architectures Conference Location: Marcq-en-Bareul, France Publisher: ACM Pages: 150 Short Title: Proceedings of the 10th international ACM Sigsoft conference on Quality of software architectures ISBN: 978-1-4503-2576-9 Place Published: 2602576 Notes: General Chair - Lionel Seinturier Program Chair - Tomas Bures Program Chair - John D. McGregor Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 8389 Year of Conference: 2008 Title: Proceedings of the 11th international workshop on Software \&\#38; compilers for embedded systems Conference Location: Munich, Germany Publisher: ACM Pages: 88 Short Title: Proceedings of the 11th international workshop on Software \&\#38; compilers for embedded systems Place Published: 1361096 Notes: General Chair - Heiko Falk Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 8392 Year of Conference: 2013 Title: Proceedings of the 12th annual international conference on Aspect-oriented software development Conference Location: Fukuoka, Japan Publisher: ACM Pages: 222 Short Title: Proceedings of the 12th annual international conference on Aspect-oriented software development ISBN: 978-1-4503-1766-5 Place Published: 2451436 Notes: General Chair - Hidehiko Masuhara Program Chair - J\&\#246;rg Kienzle Program Chair - Elisa Baniassad Program Chair - David H. Lorenz Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 8381 Year of Conference: 2013 Title: Proceedings of the 12th international conference on Generative programming: concepts \&\#38; experiences Conference Location: Indianapolis, Indiana, USA Publisher: ACM Pages: 184 Short Title: Proceedings of the 12th international conference on Generative programming: concepts \&\#38; experiences ISBN: 978-1-4503-2373-4 Place Published: 2517208 Notes: General Chair - Jaakko J\&\#228;rvi Program Chair - Christian K\&\#228;stner Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 8399 Year of Conference: 1990 Title: Proceedings of the 13th conference on Computational linguistics - Volume 1 Editor: Hans, Karlgren Conference Location: Helsinki, Finland Publisher: Association for Computational Linguistics Pages: 112 Short Title: Proceedings of the 13th conference on Computational linguistics - Volume 1 ISBN: 952-90-2028-7 Place Published: 992507 Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 8398 Year of Conference: 1990 Title: Proceedings of the 13th conference on Computational linguistics - Volume 2 Editor: Hans, Karlgren Conference Location: Helsinki, Finland Publisher: Association for Computational Linguistics Pages: 438 Short Title: Proceedings of the 13th conference on Computational linguistics - Volume 2 Place Published: 997939 Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 8400 Year of Conference: 1990 Title: Proceedings of the 13th conference on Computational linguistics - Volume 3 Editor: Hans, Karlgren Conference Location: Helsinki, Finland Publisher: Association for Computational Linguistics Pages: 459 Short Title: Proceedings of the 13th conference on Computational linguistics - Volume 3 ISBN: 952-90-2028-7 Place Published: 991146 Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 8386 Year of Conference: 2012 Title: Proceedings of the 15th ACM SIGSOFT symposium on Component Based Software Engineering Conference Location: Bertinoro, Italy Publisher: ACM Pages: 190 Short Title: Proceedings of the 15th ACM SIGSOFT symposium on Component Based Software Engineering ISBN: 978-1-4503-1345-2 Place Published: 2304736 Notes: General Chair - Vincenzo Grassi General Chair - Raffaela Mirandola Program Chair - Nenad Medvidovic Program Chair - Magnus Larsson Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 8178 Year of Conference: 2011 Title: Proceedings of the 16th international workshop on Component-oriented programming Conference Location: Boulder, Colorado, USA Publisher: ACM Pages: 48 Short Title: Proceedings of the 16th international workshop on Component-oriented programming ISBN: 978-1-4503-0726-0 Place Published: 2000292 Notes: General Chair - Ivica Crnkovic General Chair - Judith A. Stafford Program Chair - Barbora Buhnova Program Chair - Ralf Reussner Program Chair - Clemens Szyperski Program Chair - Wolfgang Weck Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 8208 Year of Conference: 2012 Title: Proceedings of the 17th international doctoral symposium on Components and Architecture Conference Location: Bertinoro, Italy Publisher: ACM Pages: 38 Short Title: Proceedings of the 17th international doctoral symposium on Components and Architecture ISBN: 978-1-4503-1348-3 Place Published: 2304676 Notes: General Chair - Vincenzo Grassi General Chair - Raffaela Mirandola Program Chair - Barbora Buhnova Program Chair - Ralf Reussner Program Chair - Clemens Szyperski Program Chair - Wolfgang Weck Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 8206 Year of Conference: 2013 Title: Proceedings of the 18th international doctoral symposium on Components and architecture Conference Location: Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada Publisher: ACM Pages: 44 Short Title: Proceedings of the 18th international doctoral symposium on Components and architecture ISBN: 978-1-4503-2125-9 Place Published: 2465498 Notes: General Chair - Philippe Kruchten Program Chair - Barbora Buhnova Program Chair - Ralf Reussner Program Chair - Clemens Szyperski Program Chair - Wolfgang Weck Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 8205 Year of Conference: 2014 Title: Proceedings of the 19th international doctoral symposium on Components and architecture Conference Location: Marcq-en-Bareul, France Publisher: ACM Pages: 38 Short Title: Proceedings of the 19th international doctoral symposium on Components and architecture ISBN: 978-1-4503-2593-6 Place Published: 2601328 Notes: General Chair - Lionel Seinturier Program Chair - Barbora Buhnova Program Chair - Ralf Reussner Program Chair - Clemens Szyperski Program Chair - Wolfgang Weck Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 8291 Year of Conference: 2015 Title: Proceedings of the 20th European Conference on Pattern Languages of Programs Conference Location: Kaufbeuren, Germany Publisher: ACM Pages: 714 Short Title: Proceedings of the 20th European Conference on Pattern Languages of Programs ISBN: 978-1-4503-3847-9 Place Published: 2855321 Notes: Program Chair - Veli-Pekka Eloranta Conference Chair - Claudius Link Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 8330 Year of Conference: 1993 Title: Proceedings of the 1993 conference of the Centre for Advanced Studies on Collaborative research: distributed computing - Volume 2 Editor: Ann, Gawman, Evelyn, Kidd, Per and ke, Larson Conference Location: Toronto, Ontario, Canada Publisher: IBM Press Pages: 576 Short Title: Proceedings of the 1993 conference of the Centre for Advanced Studies on Collaborative research: distributed computing - Volume 2 Place Published: 962367 Notes: Program Chair - Jacob Slonim Program Chair - W. Morven Gentleman Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 8333 Year of Conference: 1993 Title: Proceedings of the 1993 conference of the Centre for Advanced Studies on Collaborative research: software engineering - Volume 1 Editor: Ann, Gawman, Evelyn, Kidd, Per and ke, Larson Conference Location: Toronto, Ontario, Canada Publisher: IBM Press Pages: 12 Short Title: Proceedings of the 1993 conference of the Centre for Advanced Studies on Collaborative research: software engineering - Volume 1 Place Published: 962289 Notes: Program Chair - Jacob Slonim Program Chair - W. Morven Gentleman Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 8360 Year of Conference: 2006 Title: Proceedings of the 2006 international symposium on Software testing and analysis Conference Location: Portland, Maine, USA Publisher: ACM Pages: 266 Short Title: Proceedings of the 2006 international symposium on Software testing and analysis ISBN: 1-59593-263-1 Place Published: 1146238 Notes: General Chair - Lori Pollock Program Chair - Mauro Pezz\&\#232; Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 8387 Year of Conference: 2006 Title: Proceedings of the 2006 international workshop on Self-adaptation and self-managing systems Conference Location: Shanghai, China Publisher: ACM Pages: 98 Short Title: Proceedings of the 2006 international workshop on Self-adaptation and self-managing systems ISBN: 1-59593-403-0 Place Published: 1137677 Notes: Conference Chair - Betty H. C. Cheng Conference Chair - Rog\&\#233;rio de Lemos Conference Chair - Stephen Fickas Conference Chair - David Garlan Conference Chair - Jeff Magee Conference Chair - Hausi M\&\#252;ller Conference Chair - Richard Taylor Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 8286 Year of Conference: 2008 Title: Proceedings of the 2008 compFrame/HPC-GECO workshop on Component based high performance Conference Location: Karlsruhe, Germany Publisher: ACM Pages: 9 Short Title: Proceedings of the 2008 compFrame/HPC-GECO workshop on Component based high performance ISBN: 978-1-60558-311-2 Place Published: 1456190 Notes: Program Chair - Christian P\\&\\#233;rez Program Chair - Masha Sosonkina Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 8211 Year of Conference: 2010 Title: Proceedings of the 2010 ICSE Workshop on Sharing and Reusing Architectural Knowledge Conference Location: Cape Town, South Africa Publisher: ACM Pages: 109 Short Title: Proceedings of the 2010 ICSE Workshop on Sharing and Reusing Architectural Knowledge ISBN: 978-1-60558-967-1 Place Published: 1833335 Notes: General Chair - Paris Avgeriou General Chair - Patricia Lago General Chair - Philippe Kruchten Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 8226 Year of Conference: 2010 Title: Proceedings of the 2010 ICSE Workshop on Software Development Governance Conference Location: Cape Town, South Africa Publisher: ACM Pages: 21 Short Title: Proceedings of the 2010 ICSE Workshop on Software Development Governance ISBN: 978-1-60558-979-4 Place Published: 1808981 Notes: General Chair - Yael Dubinsky General Chair - Philippe Kruchten General Chair - Anthony Finkelstein General Chair - Len Bass General Chair - Sunita Chulani General Chair - Rafael Prikladnicki Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 8327 Year of Conference: 2010 Title: Proceedings of the 2010 ICSE Workshop on Software Engineering for Adaptive and Self-Managing Systems Conference Location: Cape Town, South Africa Publisher: ACM Pages: 146 Short Title: Proceedings of the 2010 ICSE Workshop on Software Engineering for Adaptive and Self-Managing Systems ISBN: 978-1-60558-971-8 Place Published: 1808984 Notes: General Chair - Rog\&\#232;rio de Lemos Program Chair - Mauro Pezz\&\#232; Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 8772 Year of Conference: 1988 Title: Proceedings of the IEEE 1988 National Aerospace and Electronics Conference: NAECON 1988 (Cat. No.88CH2596-5) Conference Name: Proceedings of the IEEE 1988 National Aerospace and Electronics Conference Pages: 0_1 Date: 23-27 May 1988 Short Title: Proceedings of the IEEE 1988 National Aerospace and Electronics Conference: NAECON 1988 (Cat. No.88CH2596-5) DOI: 10.1109/NAECON.1988.194957 Keywords: aerospace computing aircraft instrumentation military computing military systems Ada software development Kalman filtering NAECON 1988 airborne computers airborne imaging airborne radar fire control artificial intelligence automated mission planning automated testing avionics architecture avionics integrity avionics simulation avionics subsystem cartographic databases command control communication systems communication systems technology computer-aided control system design control design methods crew station design data transmission digital technology embedded training expert systems fault-tolerant systems technology fiber optics flight control technology flight management flying qualities human decision support human factors information control information display knowledge representation life cycle costing logistics engineering maintenance training systems man-machine interfacing multivariable control theory navigation pilot acceleration protection self repair systems signal processing simulation simulator instructional systems software concepts software cost estimating software design software management software tools space communications stability target recognition training user needs visual simulation voice interaction applications weapon guidance weapons technology Abstract: The following topics are dealt with: signal processing; navigation; digital technology and applications; airborne computers; cartographic databases; fiber optics; data transmission; avionics architecture; information control; information display; avionics subsystem and weapons technology; airborne imaging/target recognition; airborne radar fire control; air data/weapon guidance; Kalman filtering; flight control technology; computer-aided control system design; flying qualities; stability and control design methods; fault-tolerant systems technology; self-repairing flight and control systems; flight management; multivariable control theory; software management; Ada software development; advanced software tools; software design; advanced software concepts; software cost estimating; human factors; voice interaction applications; man-machine interfacing; crew station design; pilot acceleration protection; user needs; artificial intelligence (AI) for human decision support; simulation and training; avionics simulation; embedded training; maintenance training systems; visual simulation; space communications; simulator instructional systems; command, control and communication; communication systems technology; automated mission planning; avionics integrity; expert systems; knowledge representation; logistics/acquisition engineering; life cycle costing; and automated testing. Abstracts of individual papers can be found under the relevant classification codes in this or other issues Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 7942 Year of Conference: 2006 Title: Proceedings of the ISSTA 2006 workshop on Role of software architecture for testing and analysis Conference Location: Portland, Maine Publisher: ACM Pages: 86 Short Title: Proceedings of the ISSTA 2006 workshop on Role of software architecture for testing and analysis ISBN: 1-59593-459-6 Place Published: 1147249 Notes: Conference Chair - Rob Hierons Conference Chair - Henry Muccini Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 8375 Year of Conference: 2010 Title: Proceedings of the Sixth Asian Internet Engineering Conference Conference Location: Bangkok, Thailand Publisher: ACM Pages: 119 Short Title: Proceedings of the Sixth Asian Internet Engineering Conference ISBN: 978-1-4503-0401-6 Place Published: 1930286 Notes: Program Chair - Thanasis Korakis Program Chair - Giovanni Pau Program Chair - Ryuji Wakikawa Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 8294 Year of Conference: 2009 Title: Proceedings of the the 7th joint meeting of the European software engineering conference and the ACM SIGSOFT symposium on The foundations of software engineering Conference Location: Amsterdam, The Netherlands Publisher: ACM Pages: 394 Short Title: Proceedings of the the 7th joint meeting of the European software engineering conference and the ACM SIGSOFT symposium on The foundations of software engineering ISBN: 978-1-60558-001-2 Place Published: 1595696 Notes: General Chair - Hans van Vliet Program Chair - Valerie Issarny Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 8893 Year of Conference: 1992 Title: Proceedings of the Twenty-Fifth Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (Cat. No.91TH0394-7) Conference Name: Proceedings of the Twenty-Fifth Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences Volume: i Pages: 0_1 Date: 7-10 Jan. 1992 Short Title: Proceedings of the Twenty-Fifth Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (Cat. No.91TH0394-7) DOI: 10.1109/HICSS.1992.183135 Keywords: computer architecture computer software decision support systems groupware knowledge based systems management information systems systems engineering architecture collaboration technology decision-support systems emerging technologies information systems knowledge-based systems organizational systems organizational technology software technology system sciences Abstract: The following topics were dealt with: hardware and software issues of superscalar, and superpipeline systems; breaking the I/O bottleneck; high-performance, special-purpose architectures; performance engineering; transputer-based research and applications; data/knowledge-based systems and machines; advances in computer architecture; biotechnology computing; architectural and operating system support for persistent object systems: software design tools and techniques; parallel programming tools and technology; multi-data/knowledge based systems; cleanroom software engineering; rapid software prototyping; advanced graphical user interface and human-computer interface technology; persistent object systems; expert systems; executive information systems; user computing interfaces; end-user computing; computer-aided software engineering; logic modeling; integrated modeling environments; DSS workbenches; research directions in blackboard architectures and applications; computing in organizations; research programs; group decision-support systems; computer supported cooperative work; negotiation support systems: advances in social technologies; creativity and innovation in IS organizations; measuring the effectiveness of emerging technologies; intelligent organizational processes and neural net applications in business; organizational modeling with object-oriented programming; software quality; strategic and competitive information systems; and global information systems Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9420 Year of Conference: 1991 Title: Proceedings of the Twenty-Fourth Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (Cat. No.91TH0350-9) Conference Name: Proceedings of the Twenty-Fourth Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences Volume: i Pages: 0_1 Date: 8-11 Jan. 1991 Short Title: Proceedings of the Twenty-Fourth Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (Cat. No.91TH0350-9) DOI: 10.1109/HICSS.1991.183944 Keywords: computer architecture decision support systems knowledge based systems software engineering architecture associative processors biocomputing biotechnology computing cognition computer conferencing computer-aided software engineering decision-support systems executive information systems expert systems high-bandwidth computing integrated modeling integrated project support logic modeling negotiation support neural networks object-oriented programming organization support systems organizational theory parallel computing performance evaluation relational data models simulation software design tools symbiotic systems user interfaces user models Abstract: The following topics are dealt with: advanced issues in computer science and engineering: associative processors: biocomputing: performance evaluation: real architecture: neural networks; high-bandwidth computing: biotechnology computing: computer modeling and simulation: user models, cognition, and software development: user interfaces: integrated project support: nested relational data models; software design tools and techniques: computer-integrated-manufacturing software issues; parallel computing; computer-aided software engineering: decision-support systems: executive information systems: expert systems: integrated modeling environments; logic modeling: active decision support and symbiotic systems: group decision support: negotiation support systems: collaboration: organizational theory and AI: intelligent organizations: organization support systems; organizational modeling with object-oriented programming: neural network applications in business: global information technology: computer conferencing; interorganizational systems: and information systems Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9319 Year of Conference: 1990 Title: Proceedings of the Twenty-Third Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences Conference Name: Twenty-Third Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences Volume: 1 Pages: 0_1 Date: 2-5 Jan. 1990 Short Title: Proceedings of the Twenty-Third Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences DOI: 10.1109/HICSS.1990.205086 Keywords: CAD/CAM computer architecture database management systems decision support systems management information systems manufacturing computer control manufacturing data processing neural nets performance evaluation software engineering user interfaces business code analysis computer-integrated-manufacturing software computer-supported cooperative work decision-support-systems building distributed system support emerging technologies end-user computing expert systems extended transaction models group decision support high-level-language architectures ill-defined objects information centers integrated circuit synthesis integrated modeling environments intelligent organizations massive databases negotiation support systems neural networks non-first-norma-form relational data models organizational decision-making support rapid prototyping reengineering software design specification-based software construction strategic systems user-interface design Abstract: The following topics are dealt with: experimental research in computer architecture; high-level-language architectures; neural networks; performance evaluation; integrated circuit synthesis; massive databases and ill-defined objects; code analysis and reengineering; software engineering models and analysis; specification-based software construction; rapid prototyping; non-first-norma-form relational data models; software design; computer-integrated-manufacturing software; extended transaction models; user-interface design; group decision support; organizational decision-making support; information centers and management information systems; expert systems; distributed system support; integrated modeling environments; decision-support-systems building; negotiation support systems; computer-supported cooperative work; strategic systems; end-user computing; intelligent organizations; neural network applications in business; and measuring effectiveness of emerging technologies Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 8816 Year of Conference: 1999 Title: Proceedings. Twenty-Third Annual International Computer Software and Applications Conference (Cat. No.99CB37032) Conference Name: Proceedings. Twenty-Third Annual International Computer Software and Applications Conference (Cat. No.99CB37032) Pages: i Date: 29-29 Oct. 1999 Short Title: Proceedings. Twenty-Third Annual International Computer Software and Applications Conference (Cat. No.99CB37032) ISBN: 0730-3157 DOI: 10.1109/CMPSAC.1999.812503 Keywords: computer applications computer software software engineering 21st Century IT workers application systems caching computer software applications database systems decision-making electronic business electronic commerce formal verification future generic software assurance information retrieval information systems legacy systems mobile systems network security network systems project management reliable distributed computing software analysis software architecture software design software development software engineering education software engineering licensing software frameworks software integration software management software metrics software process software reuse software testing software verification special interests storage systems system development systems engineering technology forecast Abstract: The following topics were dealt with: software integration; legacy systems; database systems; network security; formal verification; generic software assurance; software testing; reliable distributed computing; electronic commerce; software design; information systems and information retrieval; software engineering licensing; software process and management; network and mobile systems; the future of software engineering education; software architecture; storage systems and caching; “silver-bullet-itis”; applications for special interests; software development; software frameworks and systems engineering; software metrics; supply and demand of IT workers; software reuse; project management; computers as partners (a technology forecast for decision-making in the 21st Century); system development; electronic business and application systems; and software verification and analysis Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 8390 Year of Conference: 2007 Title: Proceedingsof the 10th international workshop on Software \& compilers for embedded systems Editor: Heiko, Falk and Peter, Marwedel Conference Location: Nice, France Publisher: ACM Pages: 127 Short Title: Proceedingsof the 10th international workshop on Software \& compilers for embedded systems Place Published: 1269843 Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8899 Author: Wilbur, S. A., Crew, A. W. and Gravenstreter, G. Year: 1986 Title: Process Protection Software Structure and Design Philosophy Journal: IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science Volume: 33 Issue: 1 Pages: 978-982 Short Title: Process Protection Software Structure and Design Philosophy ISSN: 0018-9499 DOI: 10.1109/TNS.1986.4337262 Keywords: Availability Performance evaluation Power generation Power system protection Reliability Software design Software performance Software safety Software testing System testing Abstract: In the development of microprocessor-based systems that play a critical role in the operation of nuclear power plants, careful thought must be given to software design. To achieve the dual goals of system reliability and availability, the software must perform predictably at all times, be easily tested and verified, easily expanded to meet new customer or regulatory requirements, and easily adapted for each individual plant. The design criteria and development methods used in the development of the safety grade software for the Eagle 21TM Process Protection System are described. Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 7954 Author: Schmidt, Douglas C. and McCormick, Zach Year: 2013 Title: Producing and delivering a coursera MOOC on pattern-oriented software architecture for concurrent and networked software Conference Name: Proceedings of the 2013 companion publication for conference on Systems, programming, & applications: software for humanity Conference Location: Indianapolis, Indiana, USA Publisher: ACM Pages: 167-176 DOI: 10.1145/2508075.2508465 Place Published: 2508465 Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9446 Author: Li Pi, Su, Nolan, M., deMare, G. and Norman, B. Year of Conference: 2000 Title: Prognostics framework software design tool Conference Name: 2000 IEEE Aerospace Conference. Proceedings (Cat. No.00TH8484) Volume: 6 Pages: 9-13 vol.6 Date: 2000 Short Title: Prognostics framework software design tool ISBN: 1095-323X DOI: 10.1109/AERO.2000.877852 Keywords: logistics data processing military systems software architecture software tools U.S. Army AMCOM U.S. Army logistics integration agency interfaces logistic decision-making logistics infrastructure logistics planners logistics planning maintenance crew mission planning open architecture operational decision-making software design tool spare parts statistical tools system operators Automation Computer architecture Condition monitoring Information management Logistics Runtime Software design Telephony Testing Weapons Abstract: The U.S. Army logistics integration agency has funded (1998-2000) the advanced technology office (ATO), the U.S. Army test, measurement, diagnostic equipment activity (USATA), the U.S. Army AMCOM, to develop a “Prognostics framework”. This is a generic software developmental tool set, open architecture capability to integrate various prognostic mechanisms, and to provide operational and logistic decision-making information. The Prognostics framework is a horizontal technology and is tailorable to apply to new and existing systems. This approach saves time and money. It is the fastest to converge on Prognostics capabilities into manageable information for the system operators, the maintenance crew, and logistics planners across systems. The prognostic framework, a system-level prognostic manager, ties-in to logistics infrastructure (e.g.: IETM, logistics planning, mission planning, statistical tools, spare parts provisioning...). Prognostics Framework is integrated with diagnostics to provide a total Health Management Capability. This paper provides Prognostics framework architecture, design approach, and interfaces capabilities Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8435 Author: Ouf, Shimaa, Abd Ellatif, Mahmoud, Salama, S. E. and Helmy, Yehia Year: 2017 Title: A proposed paradigm for smart learning environment based on semantic web Journal: Computers in Human Behavior Volume: 72 Pages: 796-818 Date: 7// Short Title: A proposed paradigm for smart learning environment based on semantic web ISSN: 0747-5632 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2016.08.030 Keywords: E-Learning ecosystem Personalization Ontology Software architecture Semantic Web Rule Language Learner model Abstract: The current approaches of e-learning face challenges, in isolation of learners from learning process, and shortage of learning process quality. The researchers mentioned that the next generation of e-learning is e-learning ecosystem. E-learning ecosystem has many advantages, in which, learners form groups, collaborate with each other and with educators, and content designed for interaction. E-learning ecosystem faces some issues. It applies teacher-student model, in which, fixed learning pathway is considered suitable for all learners. Consequently, learners are presented with limited personalized materials. E-learning ecosystem needs to merge the personalization's concept. Semantic web ontology based personalization of learning environment plays a leading role to build smart e-learning ecosystem. This paper previews a detailed study which addresses research papers that apply ontology within learning environment. Most of these studies focus on personalizing e-learning by providing learners with suitable learning objects, ignoring the other learning process components. This paper proposes and implements framework for smart e-learning ecosystem using ontology and SWRL. A new direction is proposed. This direction fosters the creation of a separate four ontologies for the personalized full learning package which is composed of learner model and all the learning process components (learning objects, learning activities and teaching methods). URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0747563216305957 Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8690 Author: Sakaguchi, T., Tanaka, H., Uenishi, K., Gotoh, T. and Sekine, Y. Year: 1988 Title: Prospects of expert systems in power system operation Journal: International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems Volume: 10 Issue: 2 Pages: 71-82 Date: 4// Short Title: Prospects of expert systems in power system operation ISSN: 0142-0615 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0142-0615(88)90019-1 Keywords: online computer systems software design operational reliability Abstract: Expert systems for power system operation are surveyed from methodological and systems points of view. First, the logic- and heuristic-based methodologies for dealing with knowledge in computer software — the core of expert systems — are outlined. This is followed by an overview of the current applications and limitations of expert systems in power system operation. Finally, the future possibilities and prospects are evaluated. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0142061588900191 Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8419 Author: Canipel, L., Laroye, H., Juy, O., Mounier, S., Petit, M. H., Franc, S. and Charpentier, G. Year: 2012 Title: Protocol for interprofessional cooperation regarding medical telemonitoring of diabetes patients on insulin therapy Journal: European Research in Telemedicine / La Recherche Européenne en Télémédecine Volume: 1 Issue: 1 Pages: 32-39 Date: 3// Short Title: Protocol for interprofessional cooperation regarding medical telemonitoring of diabetes patients on insulin therapy ISSN: 2212-764X DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eurtel.2012.02.004 Keywords: Co-operation protocol Specially authorised acts Nurse Personalised education programme Diabetes patient on insulinés Protocole de coopération Actes dérogatoires Infirmier Plan d’éducation personnalisé Diabète insulinotraité Abstract: Summary The number of doctors in metropolitan France is set to fall by around 20% by 2020, which will necessarily entail longer waiting times to see a specialist. Telemedicine ensures greater proximity between doctors and patients when the latter leave hospital. For this reason, we have created a cooperation protocol for bringing together a multidisciplinary team around an electronic personalised education programme (ePEP) for patient-monitoring using an electronic blood glucose diary. Given changes in the health system, the goal of cooperation under the terms of article 51 of the Hospital, patients, health, territories (HPST) law is to ensure access for patients to high-quality health care throughout the entire national territories. Skills regarding medical activities have been transferred to paramedical actors in numerous countries, in many cases beginning several years ago. The present diabetes treatment protocol involves patient monitoring using telemedicine (submitted on 2 December 2011). The protocol covers remote treatment of patients on insulin therapy by a multidisciplinary team. To this end, we have trained nurses specialised in the management of such patients, who carry an electronic blood glucose diary. These nurses perform medical acts outside their own area of expertise and normally undertaken by doctors; these are known as specially authorised acts. We have taken into consideration the requirements of both the specially authorised acts and of the telemedicine decree. We decided to insert an electronic version of the acts in the ePEP programme. This software, designed for training purposes, serves as a link between the various members of the multidisciplinary team. Doctors and health auxiliaries have access to patient files at all times. The cooperation protocol is currently undergoing evaluation in the ePEP trial, a multicentre feasibility study that will help define how healthcare is to be reorganised using the personalised education programme by: defining the role of nurses; assessing the benefits perceived by both caregivers and patients; evaluating the impact of ePEP on disease course after 6 months and in the longer term with regard to HbA1c levels, hypoglycaemic episodes, etc. Reorganisation of diabetes care is now well underway. Our management methods are being redesigned and formalised within a protocol in order to improve efficacy without incurring any corresponding increase in costs. We are convinced of the positive role to be played by telemedicine and the involvement of a multidisciplinary team in improving the management of diabetic patients on insulin therapy thanks to more up-to-date organisation of healthcare. We must now discuss the redistribution of costs with the healthcare authorities in order to ensure that such reorganisation is viable! URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2212764X12000052 Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 8216 Author: Lachaume, Thomas, Girard, Patrick, Guittet, Laurent and Fousse, Allan Year: 2011 Title: Prototypage basé sur les modèles de tâches: une étude pilote Conference Name: Proceedings of the 23rd Conference on l'Interaction Homme-Machine Conference Location: Sophia Antipolis, France Publisher: ACM Pages: 1-4 DOI: 10.1145/2044354.2044383 Place Published: 2044383 Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9063 Author: Barber, K. S., Graser, T. and Holt, J. Year of Conference: 2001 Title: Providing early feedback in the development cycle through automated application of model checking to software architectures Conference Name: Proceedings 16th Annual International Conference on Automated Software Engineering (ASE 2001) Pages: 341-345 Date: 26-29 Nov. 2001 Short Title: Providing early feedback in the development cycle through automated application of model checking to software architectures ISBN: 1938-4300 DOI: 10.1109/ASE.2001.989825 Keywords: formal specification program verification safety-critical software software architecture systems analysis Arcade Architecture Analysis Dynamic Environment automated application automated approach liveness evaluation model checking requirements analysis phase requirements gathering software analysts software architecture evaluation tool software architecture safety software architecture specification software developers software development cycle systems analysts Application software Business communication Computer architecture Feedback Intelligent systems Power system modeling Software safety Software systems Systems engineering and theory Abstract: The benefits of evaluating properties of software architectures stem from two important software architecture roles: (1) providing an opportunity to evaluate requirements and correct defects prior to implementation; and (2) serving as a blueprint for system developers. The paper focuses on a new software architecture evaluation tool called Architecture Analysis Dynamic Environment (Arcade) that uses model checking to provide software architecture safety and liveness evaluation during the requirements gathering and analysis phase. Model checking requires expertise not typically held by systems analysts and software developers. Thus, two barriers to applying model checking must be addressed: (1) translation of the software architecture specification to a form suitable for model checking, and (2) interpretation of the results of model checking. Arcade provides an automated approach to these barriers, allowing model checking of software architectures to be added to the list of techniques available to software analysts and developers focusing on requirements gathering and analysis. Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8432 Author: Rushwaya, M. J. and Ndlovu, S. Year: 2017 Title: Purification of coal fly ash leach liquor by solvent extraction: Identification of influential factors using Design of Experiments Journal: International Journal of Mineral Processing Volume: 164 Pages: 11-20 Date: 7/10/ Short Title: Purification of coal fly ash leach liquor by solvent extraction: Identification of influential factors using Design of Experiments ISSN: 0301-7516 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.minpro.2017.05.004 Keywords: Coal fly ash Solvent extraction Iron Titanium Alumina Design of Experiments (DOE) Abstract: The solvent extraction of iron and titanium from coal fly ash leach solution was investigated by the use of Design of Experiments. The effect of the factors: hydrogen ion concentration, Primene JMT concentration, aqueous to organic volume phase ratio and temperature on iron and titanium extraction were evaluated. A two level factorial design implemented by statistical software Design Expert® 6, determined the significant factors and any associated interactive effects amongst these factors. Hydrogen ion concentration and the interaction between the aqueous to organic volume phase ratio with Primene JMT concentration had a significant effect on the extraction of iron while temperature did not. Hydrogen ion concentration and temperature did not have a significant effect on the extraction of titanium, while the interaction between Primene JMT concentration and the aqueous to organic volume phase ratio had a significant effect. The maximum iron extraction achieved in the implemented design was 33.8% while 99% of titanium could be extracted from the coal fly ash leach solution. Extraction improvement tests showed that at a hydrogen ion concentration of 0.28 M, 88% iron and 99% titanium extraction from coal-fly ash leach solution could be achieved. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0301751617300947 Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 8041 Author: Menasce, Daniel A., Jo, #227, Sousa, o P., Malek, Sam and Gomaa, Hassan Year: 2010 Title: Qos architectural patterns for self-architecting software systems Conference Name: Proceedings of the 7th international conference on Autonomic computing Conference Location: Washington, DC, USA Publisher: ACM Pages: 195-204 DOI: 10.1145/1809049.1809084 Place Published: 1809084 Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8151 Author: Zannier, Carmen and Maurer, Frank Year: 2005 Title: A qualitative empirical evaluation of design decisions Journal: SIGSOFT Softw. Eng. Notes Volume: 30 Issue: 4 Pages: 1-7 Short Title: A qualitative empirical evaluation of design decisions ISSN: 0163-5948 DOI: 10.1145/1082983.1083124 Legal Note: 1083124 Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 8152 Author: Zannier, Carmen and Maurer, Frank Year: 2005 Title: A qualitative empirical evaluation of design decisions Conference Name: Proceedings of the 2005 workshop on Human and social factors of software engineering Conference Location: St. Louis, Missouri Publisher: ACM Pages: 1-7 DOI: 10.1145/1082983.1083124 Place Published: 1083124 Abstract: In this paper, we motivate examining software design decision making and provide the process by which the examination will occur. The objective is to provide qualitative results indicative of rational or naturalistic software design decision making. In a rational decision a decision maker evaluates decision alternatives and potential outcomes for each alternative using a utility function and probabilities of the outcome of each alternative. The utility function assigns a value to each possible alternative based on its outcome. The goal of rational decision making is selecting the optimal alternative. A naturalistic decision manifests itself in dynamic and continually changing conditions, embodies real-time reactions to these changes, embraces ill-defined tasks, and has a goal of selecting a satisfactory alternative. The proposed empirical qualitative study consists of inductive and deductive interviewing and deductive observations. Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 8066 Author: Baylov, Krasimir and Dimov, Aleksandar Year: 2015 Title: Quality Characteristics for Service Oriented Architectures Conference Name: Proceedings of the 2015 European Conference on Software Architecture Workshops Conference Location: Dubrovnik, Cavtat, Croatia Publisher: ACM Pages: 1-5 DOI: 10.1145/2797433.2797488 Place Published: 2797488 Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 8949 Author: Golden, E., John, B. E. and Bass, L. Year of Conference: 2005 Title: Quality vs. quantity: comparing evaluation methods in a usability-focused software architecture modification task Conference Name: 2005 International Symposium on Empirical Software Engineering, 2005. Pages: 10 pp. Date: 17-18 Nov. 2005 Short Title: Quality vs. quantity: comparing evaluation methods in a usability-focused software architecture modification task DOI: 10.1109/ISESE.2005.1541823 Keywords: software architecture software quality software reusability empirical software engineering software architecture design software development usability-supporting architectural pattern Computer architecture Particle measurements Programming Software design Software engineering Software measurement Time measurement Usability User interfaces Abstract: A controlled experiment was performed to assess the usefulness of portions of a usability-supporting architectural pattern (USAP) in modifying the design of software architectures to support a specific usability concern. Results showed that participants using a complete USAP produced modified designs of significantly higher quality than participants using only a usability scenario. Comparison of solution quality ratings with a quantitative measure of responsibilities considered in the solution showed positive correlation between the measures. Implications for software development are that usability concerns can be included at architecture design time, and that USAPs can significantly help software architects to produce better designs to address usability concerns. Implications for empirical software engineering are that validated quantitative measures of software architecture quality may potentially be substituted for costly and often elusive expert assessment. Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8404 Author: Kim, Suntae, Kim, Dae-Kyoo, Lu, Lunjin and Park, Sooyong Year: 2009 Title: Quality-driven architecture development using architectural tactics Journal: Journal of Systems and Software Volume: 82 Issue: 8 Pages: 1211-1231 Date: 8// Short Title: Quality-driven architecture development using architectural tactics ISSN: 0164-1212 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jss.2009.03.102 Keywords: Architectural tactics Feature composition Feature modeling Quality-driven Role-based metamodeling language Software architecture, UML Abstract: This paper presents a quality-driven approach to embodying non-functional requirements (NFRs) into software architecture using architectural tactics. Architectural tactics are reusable architectural building blocks, providing general architectural solutions for common issues pertaining to quality attributes. In this approach, architectural tactics are represented as feature models, and their semantics is defined using the Role-Based Metamodeling Language (RBML) which is a UML-based pattern specification notation. Given a set of NFRs, architectural tactics are selected and composed, and the composed tactic is used to instantiate an initial architecture for the application. The proposed approach addresses both the structural and behavioral aspects of architecture. We describe the approach using tactics for performance, availability and security to develop an architecture for a stock trading system. We demonstrate tool support for instantiating a composed tactic to generate an initial architecture of the stock trading system. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0164121209000909 Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 7996 Author: Al-Naeem, Tariq, Gorton, Ian, Babar, Muhammed Ali, Rabhi, Fethi and Benatallah, Boualem Year: 2005 Title: A quality-driven systematic approach for architecting distributed software applications Conference Name: Proceedings of the 27th international conference on Software engineering Conference Location: St. Louis, MO, USA Publisher: ACM Pages: 244-253 DOI: 10.1145/1062455.1062508 Place Published: 1062508 Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 7880 Author: M, Lukas, #228, rtin, Koziolek, Anne and Reussner, Ralf Year: 2015 Title: Quality-oriented Decision Support for maintaining Architectures of fault-tolerant Space Systems Conference Name: Proceedings of the 2015 European Conference on Software Architecture Workshops Conference Location: Dubrovnik, Cavtat, Croatia Publisher: ACM Pages: 1-5 DOI: 10.1145/2797433.2797484 Place Published: 2797484 Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9622 Author: Reza, H. and Grant, E. Year of Conference: 2005 Title: Quality-oriented software architecture Conference Name: International Conference on Information Technology: Coding and Computing (ITCC'05) - Volume II Volume: 1 Pages: 140-145 Vol. 1 Date: 4-6 April 2005 Short Title: Quality-oriented software architecture DOI: 10.1109/ITCC.2005.237 Keywords: formal specification software architecture software quality optimal architectural style quality requirements quality-oriented software architecture systematic correlation user requirements Bridges Computational modeling Computer architecture Concurrent computing Message passing Security Software systems Spatial databases Transaction databases Abstract: This paper proposes a method to select the software architecture for a family of systems that meets user requirements. The method is based on a set of universally accepted design principles and tactics that aims to establish a systematic correlation between the quality requirements of a system and an architectural style that best implements it. The proposed method can also be a valuable assistant to a novice software engineer in selecting an optimal architectural style because the selection of an appropriate architectural style plays an important role in success or failure of a system. Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9246 Author: Sharma, T. Year of Conference: 2012 Title: Quantifying Quality of Software Design to Measure the Impact of Refactoring Conference Name: 2012 IEEE 36th Annual Computer Software and Applications Conference Workshops Pages: 266-271 Date: 16-20 July 2012 Short Title: Quantifying Quality of Software Design to Measure the Impact of Refactoring DOI: 10.1109/COMPSACW.2012.56 Keywords: benchmark testing software engineering software quality SDQI quantitative measure refactoring software design quality index software quality estimation Current measurement Indexes Observers Software design Software measurement Software systems Software Design Quality Index (SDQI) Software design quality Abstract: Software design plays a vital role in a software system. A flexible, maintainable, extensible, and re-usable software design enables easier integration of new requirements. In the current era of software development, refactoring is used periodically to fine-tune a software design. Refactoring limits technical debt and improves overall quality of a software design. However, providing a quantitative measure to estimate the impact of a refactoring exercise on a software design is a non-trivial challenge. In this paper, we present a method to estimate the quality (extendibility, and flexibility aspects) of a software design. The method proposes an index namely Software Design Quality Index (SDQI) to estimate the quality of a software design. The index can be employed to measure the impact of a refactoring exercise on software design. Moreover, the method can be used to benchmark and compare software design quality of different software systems. Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9010 Author: Bouwers, E., Correia, J. P., Deursen, A. v. and Visser, J. Year of Conference: 2011 Title: Quantifying the Analyzability of Software Architectures Conference Name: 2011 Ninth Working IEEE/IFIP Conference on Software Architecture Pages: 83-92 Date: 20-24 June 2011 Short Title: Quantifying the Analyzability of Software Architectures DOI: 10.1109/WICSA.2011.20 Keywords: public domain software software architecture software metrics software quality systems analysis component balance distributed system open source software systems software architecture analyzability software metric software quality aspects software system decomposition Computer architecture Electric breakdown Size measurement Software systems Abstract: The decomposition of a software system into components is a major decision in any software architecture, having a strong influence on many of its quality aspects. A system's analyzability, in particular, is influenced by its decomposition into components. But into how many components should a system be decomposed to achieve optimal analyzability? And how should the elements of the system be distributed over those components? In this paper, we set out to find answers to these questions with the support of a large repository of industrial and open source software systems. Based on our findings, we designed a metric which we call Component Balance. In a case study we show that the metric provides pertinent results in various evaluation scenarios. In addition, we report on an empirical study that demonstrates that the metric is strongly correlated with ratings for analyzability as given by experts. Notes: framework/model Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 8128 Author: Kazman, Rick, Asundi, Jai and Klein, Mark Year: 2001 Title: Quantifying the costs and benefits of architectural decisions Conference Name: Proceedings of the 23rd International Conference on Software Engineering Conference Location: Toronto, Ontario, Canada Publisher: IEEE Computer Society Pages: 297-306 Place Published: 381504 Abstract: The benefits of a software system are assessable only relative to the business goals the system has been developed to serve. In turn, these benefits result from interactions between the system's functionality and its quality attributes (such as performance, reliabilty and security). Its quality attributes are, in most cases, dictated by its architectural design decisions. Therefore, we argue in this paper that the software architecture is the crucial artifact to study in making design tradeoffs and in performing cost-benefit analyses. A substantial part of such an analysis is in determining the level of uncertainty with which we estimate both costs and benefits. In this paper we offer an architecture-centric approach to the economic modeling of software design decision making called CBAM (Cost Benefit Analysis Method), in which costs and benefits are traded off with system quality attributes. We present the CBAM, the early results from applying this method in a large-scale case study, and discuss the application of more sophisticated economic models to software decision making. Notes: framework Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 8951 Author: Kazman, R., Jai, Asundi and Klein, M. Year of Conference: 2001 Title: Quantifying the costs and benefits of architectural decisions Conference Name: Proceedings of the 23rd International Conference on Software Engineering. ICSE 2001 Pages: 297-306 Date: 12-19 May 2001 Short Title: Quantifying the costs and benefits of architectural decisions ISBN: 0270-5257 DOI: 10.1109/ICSE.2001.919103 Keywords: cost-benefit analysis software architecture software cost estimation CBAM Cost Benefit Analysis Method architectural decisions architectural design decisions architecture-centric approach business goals cost benefit analysis cost-benefit analyses design tradeoffs economic modeling economic models large-scale case study quality attributes software design decision making software system system functionality system quality attributes Buildings Computer architecture Decision making Performance analysis Public policy Software engineering Software systems Uncertainty Abstract: The benefits of a software system are assessable only relative to the business goals the system has been developed to serve. In turn, these benefits result from interactions between the system's functionality and its quality attributes (such as performance, reliability and security). Its quality attributes are, in most cases, dictated by its architectural design decisions. Therefore, we argue that the software architecture is the crucial artifact to study in making design tradeoffs and in performing cost-benefit analyses. A substantial part of such an analysis is in determining the level of uncertainty with which we estimate both costs and benefits. We offer an architecture-centric approach to the economic modeling of software design decision making called CBAM (Cost Benefit Analysis Method), in which costs and benefits are traded off with system quality attributes. We present the CBAM, the early results from applying this method in a large-scale case study, and discuss the application of more sophisticated economic models to software decision making. Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8701 Author: Jabali, Farzaneh Hoseini, Sharafi, Sayed Mehran and Zamanifar, Kamran Year: 2011 Title: A quantitative algorithm to select software architecture by tradeoff between quality attributes Journal: Procedia Computer Science Volume: 3 Pages: 1480-1484 Date: // Short Title: A quantitative algorithm to select software architecture by tradeoff between quality attributes ISSN: 1877-0509 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2011.01.035 Keywords: Software architecture evaluation Quality attribute Stakeholder Trade-off Design decision Abstract: In order to produce and develop a software system, it is necessary to have a method of choosing a suitable software architecture which satisfies the required quality attributes and maintains a trade-off between sometimes conflicting ones. Each software architecture includes a set of design decisions for each of which there are various alternatives, satisfying the quality attributes differently. At the same time various stakeholders with various quality goals participate in decision-making. In this paper a numerical method is proposed that selects the suitable software architecture for certain software according to quality attributes. In this method, for each design decision, different alternatives for a specific software quality attribute must be compared and also the other way around. Multi-criteria decision-making methods are used and, at the same time, time and cost constraints are considered in decision-making. The proposed method applies the stakeholders’ opinions in decision-making according to the degree of their importance and helps the architect to select the best software architecture with more certainty. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1877050911000366 Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 8016 Author: Zhang, Cheng, Wang, Futian, Xu, Rongbin, Li, Xuejun and Yang, Yun Year of Conference: 2014 Title: A quantitative analysis of survey data for software design patterns Conference Name: Proceedings of the 2014 3rd International Workshop on Evidential Assessment of Software Technologies Conference Location: Nanjing, China Publisher: ACM Pages: 48-55 Short Title: A quantitative analysis of survey data for software design patterns DOI: 10.1145/2627508.2627516 Place Published: 2627516 Abstract: Software design patterns are largely concerned with improving the practices and products of software development. However, there has been no systematic analysis how users' profiles influence the effectiveness of design patterns. The aim of this paper is to investigate the links between the respondents' demographic data from our previous online survey and the design patterns. In this paper we employ a statistical approach to analyse the quantitative data collected from the respondents of our previous online survey. Through analysing the demographic data from the 206 responses of the questionnaire, we find that the positive assessment percentage of using patterns increases with greater experience with design patterns. The results show that the functions of design patterns are influenced by users' experiences rather than users' roles. 'File' Atttachments: internal-pdf://3813218541/A quantitative analysis of survey data for sof.pdf Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9533 Author: Ulug, M. E. Year of Conference: 1988 Title: A quantitative model-based expert system for LAN development Conference Name: Seventh Annual International Phoenix Conference on Computers an Communications. 1988 Conference Proceedings Pages: 429-433 Date: 16-18 Mar 1988 Short Title: A quantitative model-based expert system for LAN development DOI: 10.1109/PCCC.1988.10116 Keywords: CAD expert systems local area networks telecommunications computing LAN development inference logic quantitative model-based expert system shell software architecture uncertainty Coupled mode analysis Data engineering Design engineering Knowledge based systems Knowledge engineering Logic design Writing Abstract: A quantitative model-based expert system, or QMB for short, is described. A QMB is a rule-based system coupled to an analytic model. The QMBs provide another level of refinement over rule-based systems by giving quantitative answers to problems. He discusses the difficulties associated with the design of a shell for a QMB and proposes the use of a semishell, which assists the knowledge engineers in writing the logic, uncertainty and inference modules of the QMB expert system program. The design and coding of the modules that deal with the numerical data is left to the knowledge engineer. The operation of a QMB having 43 rules is described. A software architecture is presented that can dynamically change its operation. The purpose of the architecture is to produce an expert system that can think more like human beings Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 8900 Author: Nakagawa, E. Y., Oquendo, F. and Becker, M. Year of Conference: 2012 Title: RAModel: A Reference Model for Reference Architectures Conference Name: 2012 Joint Working IEEE/IFIP Conference on Software Architecture and European Conference on Software Architecture Pages: 297-301 Date: 20-24 Aug. 2012 Short Title: RAModel: A Reference Model for Reference Architectures DOI: 10.1109/WICSA-ECSA.212.49 Keywords: software architecture software quality RAModel design expertise reuse productivity reference architecture model software system development software system standardization system quality Architecture Business Computer architecture Software systems Standards Reference architecture reference model Abstract: Reference architectures have emerged as a special type of software architecture that achieves well-recognized understanding of specific domains, promoting reuse of design expertise and facilitating the development, standardization, and evolution of software systems. Designed for various domains and purpose, they have increasingly impacted important aspects of system development, such as productivity and quality of such systems. However, reference architectures have been sometimes established without an adequate concern about which elements they should encompass. Besides that, there is a lack of work that investigate the essence of reference architectures, their dimensions and elements that they should contain. In this perspective, the main contribution of this paper is to present a reference model for reference architectures, named RAModel (Reference Architecture Model), that intends to improve the understanding about what reference architectures are, as well as their components and relationships, supporting the establishment, use, and evolution of such architectures. Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8436 Author: Portocarrero, Jesús M. T., Delicato, Flavia C., Pires, Paulo F., Costa, Bruno, Li, Wei, Si, Weisheng and Zomaya, Albert Y. Year: 2017 Title: RAMSES: A new reference architecture for self-adaptive middleware in Wireless Sensor Networks Journal: Ad Hoc Networks Volume: 55 Pages: 3-27 Date: 2// Short Title: RAMSES: A new reference architecture for self-adaptive middleware in Wireless Sensor Networks ISSN: 1570-8705 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adhoc.2016.11.004 Keywords: Wireless Sensor Networks Middleware Software architecture Reference architecture Autonomic computing MAPE-K Pi-ADL Abstract: Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) consist of networks composed of tiny devices equipped with sensing, processing, storage, and wireless communication capabilities. WSN nodes have limited computing resources and are usually powered by batteries. First generations of WSNs were designed to attend requirements of a unique target application usually with a single user, who was also the infrastructure owner. However, the rapid evolution in this area and the increasing of the complexity of the sensors and applications pose new challenges to WSN solutions, which can be addressed by specific middleware platforms for these networks. Existing middleware systems provide suitable mechanisms to define the high-level application logic and to deal with heterogeneity and distribution issues of WSN, but most of them do not provide explicit mechanisms to define the underlying autonomic behavior of the system, an essential feature of this kind of network. In this perspective, Autonomic Computing (AC) appears as a promising option to meet autonomic requirements in WSN middleware design. This paper presents the consolidated specification of RAMSES, a reference architecture of a self-adaptive middleware for WSNs. RAMSES was conceived in light of a well-stablished Reference Architecture Model, the RAModel. It follows the autonomic computing model MAPE-K, and presents a mapping of AC conceptual model to a set of software components. We claim that, with the aid of a middleware that supports the autonomic computing principles, a WSN becomes an autonomous WSN by design. RAMSES realizes our vision by providing: (i) an architectural template with core aspects of the self-adaptive systems from which is possible to build concrete middleware instances for self-adaptive WSNs, and (ii) a specification of the reference architecture using a formal architecture description language (Pi-ADL), which enables the representation of dynamic software architectures as required by WSNs. A scenario-based qualitative analysis and a checklist survey conducted with experts demonstrate the effectiveness of RAMSES. Moreover, a concrete WSN middleware instance derived from RAMSES was implemented as a proof of concept. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1570870516303006 Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8621 Author: Dornan, Tim, Lee, Catherine, Stopford, Adam, Hosie, Liam, Maredia, Neil and Rector, Alan Year: 2005 Title: Rapid application design of an electronic clinical skills portfolio for undergraduate medical students Journal: Computer Methods and Programs in Biomedicine Volume: 78 Issue: 1 Pages: 25-33 Date: 4// Short Title: Rapid application design of an electronic clinical skills portfolio for undergraduate medical students ISSN: 0169-2607 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cmpb.2004.12.001 Keywords: Computer-aided instruction Clinical skills Medical education Software design Rapid application development Abstract: Summary The aim was to find how to use information and communication technology to present the clinical skills content of an undergraduate medical curriculum. Rapid application design was used to develop the product, and technical action research was used to evaluate the development process. A clinician–educator, two medical students, two computing science masters students, two other project workers, and a hospital education informatics lead, formed a design team. A sample of stakeholders took part in requirements planning workshops and continued to advise the team throughout the project. A university hospital had many features that favoured fast, inexpensive, and successful system development: a clearly defined and readily accessible user group; location of the development process close to end-users; fast, informal communication; leadership by highly motivated and senior end-users; devolved authority and lack of any rigidly imposed management structure; cooperation of clinicians because the project drew on their clinical expertise to achieve scholastic goals; a culture of learning and involvement of highly motivated students. A detailed specification was developed through storyboarding, use case diagramming, and evolutionary prototyping. A very usable working product was developed within weeks. “SkillsBase” is a database web application using Microsoft® Active Server Pages, served from a Microsoft® Windows 2000 Server operating system running Internet Information Server 5.0. Graphing functionality is provided by the KavaChart applet. It presents the skills curriculum, provides a password-protected portfolio function, and offers training materials. The curriculum can be presented in several different ways to help students reflect on their objectives and progress towards achieving them. The reflective portfolio function is entirely private to each student user and allows them to document their progress in attaining skills, as judged by self, peer and tutor assessment, and examinations. Training materials include web links and materials developed locally using pedagogic principles developed by the SkillsBase team. Although the usability of SkillsBase has been proven, uptake of software that has arisen ‘bottom-up’ from within the curriculum has proved slow. We plan to incorporate the SkillsBase services into a more comprehensive virtual managed learning environment, anticipating that presenting the functionality in an environment that is routinely used by students and teachers will increase uptake and use. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0169260704002287 Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 8050 Author: Sureka, Ashish, Mirajkar, Pranav Prabhakar and Varma, Kishore Indukuri Year: 2009 Title: A rapid application development framework for rule-based named-entity extraction Conference Name: Proceedings of the 2nd Bangalore Annual Compute Conference Conference Location: Bangalore, India Publisher: ACM Pages: 1-4 DOI: 10.1145/1517303.1517330 Place Published: 1517330 Abstract: Named Entity Recognition and Classification (NERC) consist of identifying and labeling specific pieces of information like proper names from free-form textual data. There are primarily three approaches to named-entity extraction: hand-crafted rule based, machine-learning based and hybrid. Rule-based approaches consist of defining heuristics in the form of regular expressions or linguistic pattern and making use of dictionaries and lexicons for extracting named-entities. Rule-based approaches have proven to be quite successful but one of their limitations is that it requires a domain expert to manually define and encode the rules. The process of hand-engineering rules is a time consuming and tedious process. It also requires a domain expert, cannot be easily ported to other domains and languages and becomes hard to maintain. Machine learning based approaches tries to overcome these limitations by automatically learning rules or inducing a model rather than defining the rules by a human expert. In this work, we present our research on overcoming the limitations of rule-based approach by building a rapid application development framework that can expedite the process of rule-building and making it easy to maintain and apply it to other domains. We describe a framework that can enable a business user to easily define and maintain rules and lexicons. Notes: Approach for NLP Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9145 Author: Gaubatz, W. A. Year of Conference: 1996 Title: Rapid prototyping Conference Name: 1996 IEEE Aerospace Applications Conference. Proceedings Volume: 3 Pages: 303-311 vol.3 Date: 3-10 Feb 1996 Short Title: Rapid prototyping DOI: 10.1109/AERO.1996.496070 Keywords: aerospace industry economics management military systems missiles product development DC-X System Delta Clipper Programs Delta Clipper-Experimental system Integrated Product Development McDonnell Douglas competitive strengths compressed schedule concurrent release costs drawings explicitly defined budget first time quality flight testing hardware and software design international marketplace procurements rapid decision making authority rapid prototyping software design team-wide communications total management Design engineering Engineering management Environmental management Job shop scheduling Life testing Manufacturing processes Prototypes Software prototyping Abstract: Competitiveness in today's market will be determined by the ability to be first to market with high-quality products at the lowest price. This product agility will be a key to competitive strengths in the international marketplace. To do this, first time quality with lower costs must be a way of life, not just a slogan. Rapid Prototyping, an Integrated Product Development (IPD) process creates the total management, operations, engineering, manufacturing, test and business environment that enables this to happen, Rapid prototyping has been a way of life on the Delta Clipper Programs since their inception, growing from a heritage of successful, fast paced programs carried out at McDonnell Douglas. The Rapid Prototyping Approach incorporates the basic tenets of Total Quality Management: empower the work force; build teams and commitment; and, build in quality from the beginning. The Delta Clipper Programs involve development efforts with a high degree of technical complexity, multi-discipline interactions, and schedule criticality. This requires managing a large number of activities simultaneously within a compressed schedule and an explicitly defined (and tight) budget. Schedule requirements demand concurrent release of drawings and procurements along with hardware and software design and development. The rapid prototyping environment facilitates these actions through team-wide communications, short management lines, and delegated, rapid decision making authority. This paper discusses the processes and results of rapid prototyping as applied to the development and flight testing of the Delta Clipper-Experimental, DC-X System Notes: Not research... Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9589 Author: Noren, C. S. Year of Conference: 1988 Title: Rapid prototyping network management systems Conference Name: Military Communications Conference, 1988. MILCOM 88, Conference record. 21st Century Military Communications - What's Possible? 1988 IEEE Pages: 891-895 vol.3 Date: 23-26 Oct 1988 Short Title: Rapid prototyping network management systems DOI: 10.1109/MILCOM.1988.13495 Keywords: expert systems software engineering systems analysis telecommunication network management telecommunications computing development cycle development environment expert shell fault analysis network management systems productivity real-time network configuration software architecture Control systems Diagnostic expert systems Laboratories Medical expert systems Multiplexing Object oriented databases Prototypes Real time systems Software prototyping Abstract: The author presents a tutorial on the use of an expert shell in rapid prototyping of network management systems. Prototyping issues considered include the selection of an expert shell, software architecture, and the development cycle. It is concluded that expert-system shells provide a development environment that can dramatically boost productivity over conventional programming approaches and make rapid prototyping possible. It is noted that the frame- and rule-based nature of the shells fits well in real-time network configuration and fault analysis. Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8749 Author: Poort, Eltjo R. and van Vliet, Hans Year: 2012 Title: RCDA: Architecting as a risk- and cost management discipline Journal: Journal of Systems and Software Volume: 85 Issue: 9 Pages: 1995-2013 Date: 9// Short Title: RCDA: Architecting as a risk- and cost management discipline ISSN: 0164-1212 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jss.2012.03.071 Keywords: Software architecture Risk Management Cost management Abstract: We propose to view architecting as a risk- and cost management discipline. This point of view helps architects identify the key concerns to address in their decision making, by providing a simple, relatively objective way to assess architectural significance. It also helps business stakeholders to align the architect's activities and results with their own goals. We examine the consequences of this point of view on the architecture process. The point of view is the basis of RCDA, the Risk- and Cost Driven Architecture approach. So far, more than 150 architects have received RCDA training. For a majority of the trainees, RCDA has a significant positive impact on their architecting work. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0164121212000994 Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8892 Author: Lee, S. H. and Yang, C. S. Year: 2017 Title: A Real Time Object Recognition and Counting System for Smart Industrial Camera Sensor Journal: IEEE Sensors Journal Volume: 17 Issue: 8 Pages: 2516-2523 Short Title: A Real Time Object Recognition and Counting System for Smart Industrial Camera Sensor ISSN: 1530-437X DOI: 10.1109/JSEN.2017.2671457 Keywords: Internet of Things cameras graphics processing units intelligent sensors object recognition Basler USB 3.0 industrial camera GPU CUDA cores NVidia Tegra TX1 platform Quad-core ARM Cortex A57 processor counting system graphics processing unit real time object recognition smart industrial camera sensor Instruction sets Light sources Smart cameras AOI GPU Smart industrial camera Abstract: In the industry 4.0, factories around the world grow automated and intelligent, and where smart camera plays an important role. Smart camera is equipped with processor, memory, communication interface, and operating system, so it can process large amounts of data in advance to assist follow-up automatic inspection and judgment. Additionally, since smart camera is an independent system, it will not affect the original system of factories, which is an immense advantage in troubleshooting. Besides, thanks to technology breakthroughs in recent years, using Graphics Processing Unit (GPU) to implementing tons of parallel computing helps to significantly boost the overall efficiency. Therefore, when a rising number of factories consider improving production capacity of production lines, how to use GPU to assist the improvement is an important issue. Based on this scenario, this paper used NVidia Tegra TX1 platform with 256 GPU CUDA cores and Quad-core ARM Cortex A57 processor and Basler USB 3.0 industrial camera to simulate a smart industrial camera, which has GPU and can perform a myriad of complex computations. This paper designed how to recognize and count objects in a real time manner in a high-speed industrial inspection environment with large volumes of data, so as to verify the concept (smart camera with GPU cores) we proposed. The experimental results proved our ideas, and the software design architecture provided in this paper is a simple and efficient design. In the future application in the Internet of Things or the Internet of Everything, this structure can be a valuable reference. Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 8837 Author: Mustapic, G., Wall, A., Norstrom, C., Crnkovic, I., Sandstrom, K., Froberg, J. and Andersson, J. Year of Conference: 2004 Title: Real world influences on software architecture - interviews with industrial system experts Conference Name: Proceedings. Fourth Working IEEE/IFIP Conference on Software Architecture (WICSA 2004) Pages: 101-111 Date: 12-15 June 2004 Short Title: Real world influences on software architecture - interviews with industrial system experts DOI: 10.1109/WICSA.2004.1310694 Keywords: research and development software architecture software development management architecture-determining decisions industrial system experts industrial systems system architecture evolution Computer architecture Computer industry Control systems Hardware Radio control Robot control Robotics and automation Software systems Telecommunication control Abstract: Industrial systems are examples of complex and often long-lived systems in which software is playing an increasingly important role. Their architectures play a crucial role in maintaining the properties of such systems during their entire life cycle. In this paper, we present the results of a case study based on a series of interviews and a workshop with key personnel from research and development groups of successful international companies in their Swedish locations. The main goal of the investigation was to find the significant factors which influence system and software architectures and to find similarities and differences between the architecture-determining decisions and the architectures of these systems. The role of the architect was an important subject of the investigation. Our findings result in recommendations relating to the design and evolution of system architectures and suggestions regarding areas in which future research would be beneficial. 'File' Atttachments: internal-pdf://0325623180/Real world influences on software architecture.pdf Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 9053 Author: Guimares, E. G., Maffeis, A. T., Pinto, R. P., Miglinski, C. A., Cardozo, E., Bergerman, M. and Magalhaes, M. F. Year: 2003 Title: REAL-a virtual laboratory built from software components Journal: Proceedings of the IEEE Volume: 91 Issue: 3 Pages: 440-448 Short Title: REAL-a virtual laboratory built from software components ISSN: 0018-9219 DOI: 10.1109/JPROC.2003.809212 Keywords: Internet sensor fusion software architecture telerobotics virtual reality REAL World Wide Web autonomous navigation environmental mapping mobile robot remotely accessible laboratory software components teleoperation virtual laboratory Computer architecture Laboratories Mobile robots Navigation Robot control Robot sensing systems Service oriented architecture Web sites Abstract: This paper presents the Remotely Accessible Laboratory (REAL), a virtual laboratory accessible through the Internet. REAL allows a remote user to manipulate a mobile robot in a mode of interaction suitable to his or her level of expertise. A basic mode of interaction, dedicated to users with limited knowledge of robotics, supports interaction via teleoperation. In a more advanced level of interaction, expert users can plan and execute complex robotics experiments that exploit the full capabilities of the robot. In this mode of interaction, experiments in the field of autonomous navigation, environmental mapping, sensor fusion, mission planning, and robot control can be performed. Finally, a third mode of interaction allows a set of trainees to follow the interactions conducted by an instructor. The architecture of REAL departs from the commonplace World Wide Web applications, since it employs a sophisticated software architecture based on software components. This architecture presents a high degree of reusability that future developments in the field of Internet robots and virtual laboratories can take advantage of. Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9241 Author: Cowin, R. and Krikorian, H. F. Year of Conference: 1989 Title: Real-time adaptive control of knowledge based avionics tasks Conference Name: Proceedings of the IEEE National Aerospace and Electronics Conference Pages: 1175-1184 vol.3 Date: 22-26 May 1989 Short Title: Real-time adaptive control of knowledge based avionics tasks DOI: 10.1109/NAECON.1989.40357 Keywords: adaptive control aerospace computer control aerospace testing fault tolerant computing knowledge based systems military systems real-time systems scheduling database accesses distributed fault-tolerant software architecture knowledge based avionics tasks real-time adaptive control simulation cycle task operations threat-avoidance system Aerospace electronics Computer architecture Databases Decision making Fault tolerance Internet Software architecture System testing Workstations Abstract: Advanced decision-making capabilities are being developed to aid the pilots of the next generation of tactical fighters. Due to the limited processing resources available in an avionics suite, efforts have focused on developing a distributed fault-tolerant software architecture that permits the real-time prioritization and scheduling of these tasks. The authors outline the design details of an architecture under development to meet these performance requirements. The system has been tested with a threat-avoidance system, implemented on a testbed of five internetted LISP workstations, to evaluate overall system capabilities including scheduling, task operations, and database accesses. It has a simulation cycle of 50 ms and synchronization between distributed nodes can be achieved within 2 ms. This test case has nine knowledge tasks, one of which is defined as a simulation cycle that drives the test case. This system has been evaluated with the current trace capabilities and runs with a peak of 16 task instances active at any time Reference Type: Book Section Record Number: 8695 Author: Argyropoulos, Stavros A. and Albaharna, Osama T. Year: 1989 Title: REAL-TIME AND ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE SYSTEMS FOR CHEMICAL AND EXTRACTIVE METALLURGY A2 - THOMPSON, W.T Editor: Ajersch, F. and Eriksson, G. Book Title: Proceedings of the International Symposium on Computer Software in Chemical and Extractive Metallurgy Place Published: Oxford Publisher: Pergamon Pages: 287-307 Short Title: REAL-TIME AND ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE SYSTEMS FOR CHEMICAL AND EXTRACTIVE METALLURGY A2 - THOMPSON, W.T ISBN: 978-0-08-036087-4 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-08-036087-4.50023-9 Abstract: ABSTRACT One of the theses of this paper is that the portion of software design and development dedicated to real-time activity of systems is very different from other programming activities. The first section of the paper presents theoretical and practical topics on real-time system design as well as two systems developed and used for chemical and extractive metallurgy. In the second section, an introduction to expert systems is presented. An example from extractive metallurgy application is used to illustrate some of the terms, ideas and techniques used in expert systems. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780080360874500239 Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9275 Author: Sousa, J. T. D. F. B. de, Girard, A. R., Hedrick, J. K. and Kretz, F. Year of Conference: 2000 Title: Real-time hybrid control of mobile offshore base scaled models Conference Name: Proceedings of the 2000 American Control Conference. ACC (IEEE Cat. No.00CH36334) Volume: 1 Pages: 682-686 vol.1 Edition: 6 Date: Sep 2000 Short Title: Real-time hybrid control of mobile offshore base scaled models ISBN: 0743-1619 DOI: 10.1109/ACC.2000.878988 Keywords: continuous time systems discrete event systems marine systems military systems position control real-time systems software architecture aircraft runway floating ocean structure hybrid control mobile offshore base modules real-time control scaled models three-layered control architecture thrusters Aircraft Atomic layer deposition Computer architecture Control systems Oceans Real time systems Software design Sprites (computer) Testing Abstract: The real-time hybrid control of mobile offshore base scaled models is considered. The mobile offshore base is a large, self-propelled, floating, pre-positioned ocean structure formed of three to five modules and reaching up to 1,500 meters in length. The system requirements are quite complex since the roles, relative positions and dependencies of the modules may change during operation, and the system is hybrid (it contains both continuous activities and discrete event features). We describe the experiment in which three scaled modules are kept aligned by pivoting thrusters and form a miniature runway. The software design for the experiment is discussed, starting with the three-layered control architecture, the software architecture and layout for the experiments, and the real-time implementation. Preliminary results are presented and discussed Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8750 Author: Zhang, ShangHong, Xia, ZhongXi and Wang, TaiWei Year: 2013 Title: A real-time interactive simulation framework for watershed decision making using numerical models and virtual environment Journal: Journal of Hydrology Volume: 493 Pages: 95-104 Date: 6/17/ Short Title: A real-time interactive simulation framework for watershed decision making using numerical models and virtual environment ISSN: 0022-1694 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2013.04.030 Keywords: Decision support system Virtual environment Numerical model Interactive simulation Real time Abstract: Summary Decision support systems based on a virtual environment (VE) are becoming a popular platform in watershed simulation and management. Simulation speed and data visualization is of great significance to decision making, especially in urgent events. Real-time interaction during the simulation process is also very important for dealing with different conditions and for making timely decisions. In this study, a VE-based real-time interactive simulation framework (VERTISF) is developed and applied to simulation and management of the Dujiangyan Project in China. In VERTISF development, a virtual reality platform and numerical models were hosted on different computers and connected by a network to improve simulation speed. Different types of numerical models were generalized in a unified architecture based on time step, and interactive control was realized by modifying model boundary conditions at each time step. The “instruction-response” method and data interpolation were used to synchronize virtual environment visualization and numerical model calculation. Implementation of the framework was based on modular software design; various computer languages can be used to develop the appropriate module. Since only slight modification was needed for current numerical model integration in the framework, VERTISF was easy to extend. Results showed that VERTISF could take full advantage of hardware development, and it was a simple and effective solution for complex watershed simulation. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022169413003247 Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9095 Author: Surka, D. M., Brito, M. C. and Harvey, C. G. Year of Conference: 2001 Title: The real-time ObjectAgent software architecture for distributed satellite systems Conference Name: 2001 IEEE Aerospace Conference Proceedings (Cat. No.01TH8542) Volume: 6 Pages: 2731-2741 vol.6 Date: 2001 Short Title: The real-time ObjectAgent software architecture for distributed satellite systems DOI: 10.1109/AERO.2001.931294 Keywords: artificial satellites digital simulation fault diagnosis graphical user interfaces mobile robots multi-agent systems natural languages real-time systems software architecture system recovery C++ Matlab OSE operating system PowerPC 750 TechSat 21 agent-based software architecture autonomous distributed systems collision avoidance simulations decision-making distributed satellite systems fault detection multiagent multisatellite systems real-time ObjectAgent software architecture real-time distributed testbed reconfiguration simulations simplified natural language messages software functionality Analytical models Collision avoidance Decision making Prototypes Satellites Software prototyping Testing Abstract: The ObjectAgent system is being developed to create an agent-based software architecture for autonomous distributed systems. Agents are used to implement all of the software functionality and communicate through simplified natural language messages. Decision-making and fault detection and recovery capabilities are built-in at all levels. During the first phase of development, ObjectAgent was prototyped in Matlab. A complete, GUI-based environment was developed for the creation, simulation, and analysis of multiagent multisatellite systems. Collision avoidance and reconfiguration simulations were performed for a cluster of four satellites. ObjectAgent is now being ported to C++ for demonstration on a real-time, distributed testbed and deployment on TechSat 21 in 2003. The present architecture runs on a PowerPC 750 running Enea's OSE operating system. A preliminary demonstration of using ObjectAgent to perform a cluster reconfiguration of three satellites was performed in November 2000 Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8751 Author: Albert, Martin, Längle, Thomas and Wörn, Heinz Year: 2004 Title: Real-Time Requirements in Diagnostic Systems Journal: IFAC Proceedings Volumes Volume: 37 Issue: 15 Pages: 197-202 Date: 9// Short Title: Real-Time Requirements in Diagnostic Systems ISSN: 1474-6670 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S1474-6670(17)31023-6 Keywords: Distributed Real-time Communication Agent Software Architecture Multi-Agent Systems Diagnosis Abstract: While artificial intelligence methodologies are being applied towards increasingly realistic domains that require timely responses, real-time systems are coming to incorporate decision-making tools that require more intelligent capabilities. This paper’ describes a distributed multi agent architecture considering industrial demands for realtime diagnostic and decision support systems. The correctness of the behavior of such a system depends on the results of the computation as well as on the time at which the results can be provided. Especially in distributed systems, a proper handling of real-time requirements together with a deterministic behavior of all parts is extremely important to guarantee reliable and accurate data processing. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1474667017310236 Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9141 Author: Mok, A. K. Year of Conference: 1990 Title: Real-time software design-from theory to practice Conference Name: Computer and Communication Systems, 1990. IEEE TENCON'90., 1990 IEEE Region 10 Conference on Pages: 394-398 vol.1 Date: 24-27 Sep 1990 Short Title: Real-time software design-from theory to practice DOI: 10.1109/TENCON.1990.152640 Keywords: real-time systems software engineering control structure mechanisation real-time software design specification synthesis timing considerations validation/verification Application software Automatic control Automobiles Design methodology Protocols Real time systems Software design Switches Telephony Timing Abstract: To understand the challenge ahead in real-time software design, the author examines the role timing considerations play in system design, the limitations of current design methods, and the major issues that must be resolved to bring theory to practice in the design of future real-time systems. Some of the major issues in mechanizing the specification, validation/verification and synthesis of the control structure of real-time software are highlighted. The author outlines some of the major research issues that must be considered in order to provide a rigorous foundation for automating the design chores that deal with timing constraints Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 8818 Author: Goebl, M. and Farber, G. Year of Conference: 2007 Title: A Real-Time-capable Hard-and Software Architecture for Joint Image and Knowledge Processing in Cognitive Automobiles Conference Name: 2007 IEEE Intelligent Vehicles Symposium Pages: 734-740 Date: 13-15 June 2007 Short Title: A Real-Time-capable Hard-and Software Architecture for Joint Image and Knowledge Processing in Cognitive Automobiles ISBN: 1931-0587 DOI: 10.1109/IVS.2007.4290204 Keywords: cognitive systems decision making feature extraction image processing knowledge acquisition traffic engineering computing cognitive automobiles image acquisition knowledge processing situation assessment Application software Automobiles Cognition Cognitive robotics Collaborative work Computer architecture Hardware Remotely operated vehicles Road vehicles Software architecture Abstract: Cognitive automobiles consist of a set of algorithms that cover a wide range of processing levels: from low-level image acquisition and feature extraction up to situation assessment and decision making. The modules implementing them are naturally characterized by decreasing data rates at higher levels, because raw data is discarded after evaluation, and increasing processing intervals, as knowledge based levels require longer computation times. The architecture presented in this papers offers a method to interchange information with different temporal resolutions liberally among modules with distinct cycle times and realtime demands. It allows effortless buffering of raw data for subsequent data fusion and verification, facilitating innovative processing structures. The paper is completed by measurements demonstrating the achieved real-time capabilities on our selected hardware architecture. Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8192 Author: Rebelsky, Samuel A. and Flynt, Clif Year: 2000 Title: Real-world program design in CS2: the roles of a large-scale, multi-group class project Journal: SIGCSE Bull. Volume: 32 Issue: 1 Pages: 192-196 Short Title: Real-world program design in CS2: the roles of a large-scale, multi-group class project ISSN: 0097-8418 DOI: 10.1145/331795.331853 Legal Note: 331853 Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 8193 Author: Rebelsky, Samuel A. and Flynt, Clif Year: 2000 Title: Real-world program design in CS2: the roles of a large-scale, multi-group class project Conference Name: Proceedings of the thirty-first SIGCSE technical symposium on Computer science education Conference Location: Austin, Texas, USA Publisher: ACM Pages: 192-196 DOI: 10.1145/330908.331853 Place Published: 331853 Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9506 Author: Rousseaux, F. and Bonardi, A. Year of Conference: 2008 Title: ReCollection: A disposal/formal requirement-based tool to support collection making Conference Name: MELECON 2008 - The 14th IEEE Mediterranean Electrotechnical Conference Pages: 310-315 Date: 5-7 May 2008 Short Title: ReCollection: A disposal/formal requirement-based tool to support collection making ISBN: 2158-8473 DOI: 10.1109/MELCON.2008.4618453 Keywords: cognitive radio multimedia communication categorization collection making computerized tools digital objects disposal/formal requirement irreducible cognitive modes metaphor multimedia collections recollection software design Audio recording Computer graphics Content based retrieval Eyes Information science Internet Multimedia computing Multimedia systems Music information retrieval Software tools categories collections decision making knowledge representation machine-learning modern art visualization Abstract: Modern Information Science deals with tasks which include classifying, searching and browsing large numbers of digital objects. The problem today is that our computerized tools are poorly adapted to our needs as they are often too formal: we illustrate this matter in the first section of this article with the example of multimedia collections. We then propose a software tool, ReCollection, for dealing with digital collections in a less formal and more sustainable manner. Finally, we explain how our software design is strongly backed up by both artistic and psychological knowledge concerning the ancient human activity of collecting, which we will see can be described as a metaphor for categorization in which two irreducible cognitive modes are at play: aspectual similarity and spatio-temporal proximity. Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 8163 Author: Ameller, David, Collell, Oriol and Franch, Xavier Year: 2011 Title: Reconciling the 3-layer architectural style with the eclipse plug-in-based architecture Conference Name: Proceedings of the 1st Workshop on Developing Tools as Plug-ins Conference Location: Waikiki, Honolulu, HI, USA Publisher: ACM Pages: 20-23 DOI: 10.1145/1984708.1984715 Place Published: 1984715 Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8561 Author: Roeller, Ronny, Lago, Patricia and van Vliet, Hans Year: 2006 Title: Recovering architectural assumptions Journal: Journal of Systems and Software Volume: 79 Issue: 4 Pages: 552-573 Date: 4// Short Title: Recovering architectural assumptions ISSN: 0164-1212 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jss.2005.10.017 Keywords: Software architecture Architectural knowledge Assumptions Architecture recovery Abstract: During the creation of a software architecture, the architects and stakeholders take a lot of decisions. Many of these decisions can be directly related to functional or quality requirements. Some design decisions, though, are more or less arbitrarily made on the fly because of personal experience, domain knowledge, budget constraints, available expertise, and the like. These decisions, as well as the reasons for those decisions, are often not explicit upfront. They are implicit, and usually remain undocumented. We call them assumptions. There is no accepted way to document assumptions, and the relation between the software architecture and these assumptions easily gets lost, becomes hidden in the girders of the architecture. They are rediscovered at a later stage, when the software evolves and assumptions become invalid or new assumptions contradict earlier ones. In this paper, we develop a method to recover such assumptions from an existing software product. We illustrate the method by applying it to a commercial software product, and show how the results can help assess the evolutionary capabilities of its architecture. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0164121205001615 Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9621 Author: Carey, M. M. and Gannod, G. C. Year of Conference: 2007 Title: Recovering Concepts from Source Code with Automated Concept Identification Conference Name: 15th IEEE International Conference on Program Comprehension (ICPC '07) Pages: 27-36 Date: 26-29 June 2007 Short Title: Recovering Concepts from Source Code with Automated Concept Identification ISBN: 1092-8138 DOI: 10.1109/ICPC.2007.31 Keywords: Unified Modeling Language reverse engineering software metrics UML automated concept identification reverse engineering activity software design activity software engineer software metric source code Computer science Engineering profession Filtering Machine learning Psychology Software design Software systems Systems engineering and theory Abstract: The complexity of the systems that software engineers build has continuously grown since the inception of the field. What has not changed is the engineers' mental capacity to operate on about seven distinct pieces of information at a time. Improvements like the widespread use of UML have led to more abstract software design activities, however the same cannot be said for reverse engineering activities. The well known concept assignment problem is still being solved at the line-by-line level of analyzing source code. The introduction of abstraction to the problem will allow the engineer to move farther away from the details of the system, increasing his ability to see the role that domain level concepts play in the system. In this paper we present a technique that facilitates filtering of classes from existing systems at the source level based on their relationship to the core concepts in the domain. This approach can simplify the process of reverse engineering and design recovery, as well as other activities that require a mapping to domain level concepts. Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8713 Author: Ikeya, Nozomi, Luck, Rachael and Randall, Dave Year: 2012 Title: Recovering the emergent logic in a software design exercise Journal: Design Studies Volume: 33 Issue: 6 Pages: 611-629 Date: 11// Short Title: Recovering the emergent logic in a software design exercise ISSN: 0142-694X DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.destud.2012.06.004 Keywords: ethnomethodology software design design practice reasoning problem solving Abstract: This paper develops a deeper understanding of professional software design by examining the emergent logic of a software design exercise. Decision-making is evident as a ‘product’ of activity, including coordinated attention to primarily two artefacts, the brief and the whiteboard. Thus, we pay attention to the ‘situatedness’ of decision-making, which is not one person’s accomplishment, but is interactively carried out through treating what is known to the participants such as requirements written in the brief as ‘documentary’ of what is to be understood. The paper examines how each pair resolved the requirements uncertainties, by treating different ‘users’ differently. Our examination reveals how different approaches to the design exercise were actually organised to shed new light on software design practices. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0142694X12000415 'File' Attachments: internal-pdf://4113978989/Recovering the emergent logic in a software de.pdf Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 9043 Author: Avgeriou, P., Kruchten, P., Nord, R. L., Ozkaya, I. and Seaman, C. Year: 2016 Title: Reducing Friction in Software Development Journal: IEEE Software Volume: 33 Issue: 1 Pages: 66-73 Short Title: Reducing Friction in Software Development ISSN: 0740-7459 DOI: 10.1109/MS.2016.13 Keywords: data analysis decision making software maintenance software quality data science economic theory innovation curve internal software quality investment activity software development software engineering life cycle software engineering progress software evolution software reengineering Economics Maintenance engineering Software engineering Stakeholders Sustainability education maintenance and evolution software architecture software economics software management technical debt Abstract: Software is being produced so fast that its growth hinders its sustainability. Technical debt, which encompasses internal software quality, evolution and maintenance, reengineering, and economics, is growing such that its management is becoming the dominant driver of software engineering progress. It spans the software engineering life cycle, and its management capitalizes on recent advances in fields such as source code analysis, quality measurement, and project management. Managing technical debt will become an investment activity applying economic theories. It will effectively address the architecture level and will offer specific processes and tools employing data science and analytics to support decision making. It will also be an essential part of the software engineering curriculum. Getting ahead of the software quality and innovation curve will inevitably involve establishing technical-debt management as a core software engineering practice. This article is part of a special issue on the Future of Software Engineering. Notes: Not research, instead article Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9443 Author: Lewis, B. and McConnell, D. J. Year of Conference: 1996 Title: Reengineering real-time embedded software onto a parallel processing platform Conference Name: Reverse Engineering, 1996., Proceedings of the Third Working Conference on Pages: 11-19 Date: 8-10 Nov 196 Short Title: Reengineering real-time embedded software onto a parallel processing platform DOI: 10.1109/WCRE.1996.558799 Keywords: automatic programming computer aided software engineering military computing missiles multiprocessing systems parallel programming real-time systems reconfigurable architectures reverse engineering software tools systems re-engineering Honeywell MetaH tool automated software reengineering automatic code generation tool domain specific software architecture missile onboard software reengineering experiment parallel processing platform real-time embedded software reengineering retargeting scaleable distributed multiprocessor implementation Application software Costs Decision support systems Embedded software Hardware Parallel processing Software architecture Software engineering Weapons Abstract: The paper describes a general reengineering process that SED uses as a guideline and the specific reengineering process used in the context of a missile onboard software reengineering experiment. The experiment involves retargeting from a single processor to a scaleable, distributed, multiprocessor implementation. It also discusses the role of a domain specific software architecture, and describes the use of the Honeywell MetaH tool-an automatic code generation tool that was used to automate a significant portion of the software reengineering effort. The conclusions point to areas where reverse engineering technology may be particularly helpful in the context of these process activities Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 9627 Author: Leppänen, M., Mäkinen, S., Lahtinen, S., Sievi-Korte, O., Tuovinen, A. P. and Männistö, T. Year: 2015 Title: Refactoring-a Shot in the Dark? Journal: IEEE Software Volume: 32 Issue: 6 Pages: 62-70 Short Title: Refactoring-a Shot in the Dark? ISSN: 0740-7459 DOI: 10.1109/MS.2015.132 Keywords: software architecture software maintenance Finnish companies continuous-deployment practices semistructured interviews software development software refactoring Agile software development Code refractoring Frequency-domain analysis Web services metrics refactoring software engineering Abstract: A study performed semistructured interviews of 12 seasoned software architects and developers at nine Finnish companies. Its main goals were to find out how the practitioners viewed the role and importance of refactoring, and how and when they refactored. Another goal was to see whether shortened cycle times and, especially, continuous-deployment practices affected how and when refactoring was done. The results paint a multifaceted picture with some common patterns. The respondents considered refactoring to be valuable but had difficulty explaining and justifying it to management and customers. Refactoring often occurred in conjunction with the development of new features because it seemed to require a clear business need. The respondents didn't use measurements to quantify the need for or impact of refactoring. This article is part of a special issue on Refactoring. Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9578 Author: Chauhan, M. A., Babar, M. A. and Sheng, Q. Z. Year of Conference: 2015 Title: A Reference Architecture for a Cloud-Based Tools as a Service Workspace Conference Name: 2015 IEEE International Conference on Services Computing Pages: 475-482 Date: June 27 2015-July 2 2015 Short Title: A Reference Architecture for a Cloud-Based Tools as a Service Workspace DOI: 10.1109/SCC.2015.71 Keywords: cloud computing software architecture SaaS model TSPACE RA cloud-based application cloud-based tool design tactics reference architecture service workspace software as a service model Computer architecture Concrete Context Ontologies Semantics Reference Architecture (RA) Tools as a Service (TaaS) Abstract: Software Architecture (SA) plays a critical role in developing and evolving cloud-based applications. We present a Reference Architecture (RA) for designing Cloud-based Tools as a service work SPACE (TSPACE) - a platform for provisioning chain of tools following the Software as a Service (SaaS) model. The TSPACE RA has been designed by leveraging well-known design principles and patterns and has been documented using a view-based approach. The RA has been presented in terms of its context, goals and design elements by describing the requirements, design tactics, and components of the RA. We evaluate the RA in terms of completeness and feasibility. Our proposed RA can provide valuable guidance and insights for designing and implementing concrete software architectures of TSPACE. Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9507 Author: Rodríguez, L. M. G., Ampatzoglou, A., Avgeriou, P. and Nakagawa, E. Y. Year of Conference: 2015 Title: A Reference Architecture for Healthcare Supportive Home Systems Conference Name: 2015 IEEE 28th International Symposium on Computer-Based Medical Systems Pages: 358-359 Date: 22-25 June 2015 Short Title: A Reference Architecture for Healthcare Supportive Home Systems ISBN: 1063-7125 DOI: 10.1109/CBMS.2015.39 Keywords: assisted living diseases geriatrics patient care patient monitoring telemedicine AAL software systems Ambient Assisted Living HSH software system development HSH software system evolution HSH software system quality HSH software system standardization ICT researchers chronic diseases governmental organisations healthcare supportive home systems reference architectures self-management telemonitoring Computer architecture Software architecture Software systems Standards Healthcare Supportive Home Interoperability Reference Architecture Abstract: Ambient Assisted Living (AAL) has become focus of attention for governmental organisations, and healthcare and ICT researchers. AAL includes methods, products, services, and software systems to support the everyday lives of elders. To develop AAL software systems, reference architectures (i.e., a special software architecture that guides the development, standardization, and evolution of systems architectures) have been proposed. Despite of the existing reference architectures, their use is a difficult task, due their high level of abstraction. Moreover, these architectures do not support the development of systems for telemonitoring and self-management of chronic diseases at home. The main objective of this project is to propose a reference architecture for Healthcare Supportive Home (HSH) systems. With this project we will contribute in promoting and reusing the knowledge of expertise and in supporting the development, standardization, evolution, and quality of HSH software systems. Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8439 Author: Chauhan, Muhammad Aufeef, Babar, Muhammad Ali and Sheng, Quan Z. Year: 2017 Title: A Reference Architecture for provisioning of Tools as a Service: Meta-model, Ontologies and Design Elements Journal: Future Generation Computer Systems Volume: 69 Pages: 41-65 Date: 4// Short Title: A Reference Architecture for provisioning of Tools as a Service: Meta-model, Ontologies and Design Elements ISSN: 0167-739X DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.future.2016.12.002 Keywords: Cloud computing Software reference architecture Tools as a Service (TaaS) Meta-model Ontologies Abstract: Software Architecture (SA) plays a critical role in designing, developing and evolving cloud-based platforms that can be used to provision different types of services for consumers on demand. In this paper, we present a Reference Architecture (RA) for designing cloud-based Tools as a service SPACE (TSPACE), which can provision a bundled suite of tools following the Software as a Service (SaaS) model. The reference architecture has been designed by leveraging information structuring approaches and by using well-known architecture design principles and patterns. The RA has been documented using view-based approach and has been presented in terms of its context, goals, the RA meta-model, information structuring and relationship models using ontologies and components of the RA. We have demonstrated the feasibility and applicability of the RA with the help of a prototype and have used the prototype to provision software architecting tools. We have also evaluated the RA in terms of effectiveness of the design decisions and the RA’s completeness and feasibility using scenario-based architecture evaluation method. The proposed TSPACE RA can provide valuable insights to information structure approaches and guidelines for designing and implementing TSPACE for various domains. Notes: design of specific software URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167739X16307221 Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 8239 Author: Nakagawa, Elisa Yumi, Jos, #233 and Maldonado, Carlos Year: 2008 Title: Reference architecture knowledge representation: an experience Conference Name: Proceedings of the 3rd international workshop on Sharing and reusing architectural knowledge Conference Location: Leipzig, Germany Publisher: ACM Pages: 51-54 DOI: 10.1145/1370062.1370077 Place Published: 1370077 Abstract: Software architectures have played a significant role in determining the success of software systems. In spite of impact of the architectures to the software development and, as a consequence, to the software quality, there is not yet a consensus about which mechanisms work better to describe these architectures. In addition, despite the relevance of reference architectures as an artifact that comprises knowledge of a given domain and supports development of systems for that domain, issues related to their representation have not also had enough attention. In this perspective, this work intends to contribute with an experience of representing reference architectures aiming at easily sharing and reusing knowledge in order to develop software systems. A case study on software testing is presented illustrating our experience. Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 8250 Author: Nakagawa, Elisa Yumi Year: 2012 Title: Reference architectures and variability: current status and future perspectives Conference Name: Proceedings of the WICSA/ECSA 2012 Companion Volume Conference Location: Helsinki, Finland Publisher: ACM Pages: 159-162 DOI: 10.1145/2361999.2362032 Place Published: 2362032 Abstract: Reference architectures refer to a special type of software architecture that achieves well-recognized understanding of specific domains, promoting reuse of design expertise and facilitating the development, standardization, and evolution of software systems. Designed for various domains and purpose, they have increasingly impacted important aspects of system development, such as productivity and quality of such systems. In another perspective, variability has been considered in several research topics as a mechanism that facilitates software development and evolution. In this context, the main contribution of this paper is to present the current status regarding variability in the reference architecture engineering. It is also presented future research perspectives that could be conducted, providing new directions to the reference architecture engineering in order to become existing and new reference architectures more effective elements to the development and evolution of software-intensive systems. Notes: focus on reference architecture Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 8089 Author: Cain, Andrew and Babar, Muhammad Ali Year: 2016 Title: Reflections on applying constructive alignment with formative feedback for teaching introductory programming and software architecture Conference Name: Proceedings of the 38th International Conference on Software Engineering Companion Conference Location: Austin, Texas Publisher: ACM Pages: 336-345 DOI: 10.1145/2889160.2889185 Place Published: 2889185 Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9411 Author: Cain, A. and Babar, M. A. Year of Conference: 2016 Title: Reflections on Applying Constructive Alignment with Formative Feedback for Teaching Introductory Programming and Software Architecture Conference Name: 2016 IEEE/ACM 38th International Conference on Software Engineering Companion (ICSE-C) Pages: 336-345 Date: 14-22 May 2016 Short Title: Reflections on Applying Constructive Alignment with Formative Feedback for Teaching Introductory Programming and Software Architecture Keywords: computer science education programming software architecture teaching aligned curriculum computer science constructive alignment constructivist learning theories delayed summative assessment formative feedback introductory programming teaching software architecture teaching software engineering student learning enhancement student-centred approach teaching period Australia Concurrent computing Education Assessment Case Study Abstract: Constructive alignment is a student-centred approach to teaching and learning that aims to enhance student learning through a combination of constructivist learning theories and aligned curriculum. This paper presents two case studies where units have been developed to apply the principles of constructive alignment in the area of computer science and software engineering. It outlines the role of formative feedback and delayed summative assessment as a means of embedding constructivist learning theories in the application of constructive alignment. The discussion outlines some of the challenges and advantages gained from the greater focus on formative feedback during the teaching period, and presents some recommendations for others considering applying constructive alignment. Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 8019 Author: Tha, #237, Batista, s, Chavez, Christina, Garcia, Alessandro, Rashid, Awais, Cl, #225, Sant'Anna, udio, Uir, #225, Kulesza and Filho, Fernando Castor Year: 2006 Title: Reflections on architectural connection: seven issues on aspects and ADLs Conference Name: Proceedings of the 2006 international workshop on Early aspects at ICSE Conference Location: Shanghai, China Publisher: ACM Pages: 3-10 DOI: 10.1145/1137639.1137642 Place Published: 1137642 Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 8028 Author: Hagen, Penny and MacFarlane, John Year: 2008 Title: Reflections on the role of seeding in social design Conference Name: Proceedings of the 20th Australasian Conference on Computer-Human Interaction: Designing for Habitus and Habitat Conference Location: Cairns, Australia Publisher: ACM Pages: 279-282 DOI: 10.1145/1517744.1517780 Place Published: 1517780 Abstract: In strategies that make use of social software participation not only defines success but also defines the design. This foregrounds particular considerations during the planning and design process about participation, and how we bridge the gap between the client vision, the project and the potential community of contributors or users. This paper introduces and reflects on the notion of seeding as a construct useful for emphasising and exploring ways to promote or increase the likelihood of successful engagement. In systems that are determined by participation, it is our position that part of our role as designers is to facilitate or seed that participation and that the act of seeding (participation) becomes a core design activity. In this paper we reflect through case studies on the significance and potential for seeding content, connection and community through our design work, and on the way this has affected our approach to and understanding of the design process. Notes: not empirical Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9230 Author: Razavian, M., Tang, A., Capilla, R. and Lago, P. Year of Conference: 2016 Title: Reflective Approach for Software Design Decision Making Conference Name: 2016 Qualitative Reasoning about Software Architectures (QRASA) Pages: 19-26 Date: 5-8 April 2016 Short Title: Reflective Approach for Software Design Decision Making DOI: 10.1109/QRASA.2016.8 Keywords: decision making software engineering problem-generic reflective questions software design decision making two-minds model Cognition Context Object oriented modeling Problem-solving Software design Abstract: Good software design practice is difficult to define and teach. Despite the many software design methods and processes that are available, the quality of software design relies on human factors. We notice from literature and our own experiments that some of these factors concern design reasoning and reflection. In this paper, we propose a reflective approach to software design decision making. The approach is built upon Two-Minds model and is enabled by a set of problem-generic reflective questions. We illustrate its usefulness in design sessions with an example taken from preliminary experimentation. Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 7959 Author: Inverardi, Paola and Yankelevich, Daniel Year: 1996 Title: Relating CHAM Descriptions of Software Architectures Conference Name: Proceedings of the 8th International Workshop on Software Specification and Design Publisher: IEEE Computer Society Pages: 66 Place Published: 858268 Abstract: We propose an approach to compare descriptions of software architectures based on the CHAM formalism. The need to compare descriptions of the same system at different level of abstraction often arises typically when the software practice uses a stepwise refinement approach. Differently from other approaches presented in the literature, our framework allows for expressing correct refinement both of the static structure and of the dynamic behaviour of an architecture. Statically we rely on a suitable definition of partial morphism between the signatures of the two architectures. Dynamically we propose a notion of structure preserving simulation which allows the behaviours of the two CHAM descriptions to be (pre orderly) related. In both definitions an important role is played by the membrane construct which allows for expressing non functional constraints on the architecture to be refined. The main idea is to use the membranes to denote basic software components of the architecture that can be further decomposed during a refinement process but that cannot be destroyed even if the behaviour of the overall system is preserved. One point in favour of our approach is that we do not constrain too much the further development since we only require the membrane structure to be preserved. Notes: compare architectures Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9037 Author: Handani, F. and Rochimah, S. Year of Conference: 2015 Title: Relationship between features volatility and software architecture design stability in object-oriented software: Preliminary analysis Conference Name: 2015 International Conference on Information Technology Systems and Innovation (ICITSI) Pages: 1-5 Date: 16-19 Nov. 2015 Short Title: Relationship between features volatility and software architecture design stability in object-oriented software: Preliminary analysis DOI: 10.1109/ICITSI.2015.7437736 Keywords: object-oriented methods software architecture Pearson-product-moment analysis architecture quality class diagram enterprise architecture diagram environmental factors object-oriented software packages diagram quantitative analysis software architecture design stability maintenance volatility Computer architecture Feature extraction Measurement Software Stability analysis Statistical analysis Pearson-Product Moment correlation analysis features volatility software architecture stability Abstract: Software architecture is the core structure of a system. Software architecture describes the functionality and the size of system to be built. Software architecture is illustrated as packages diagram, class diagram or Enterprise Architecture diagram. To make a robust software, it's important to know quality of architecture. Architecture Quality is reflected in its design. There are various topics of research on the quality aspect of the architectural design, from enviroment adaption of architectural design to design stability maintenance. The concept of reuse elements of the system is one of the topics to maintain the stability of the software design. Aversano and Constantinou introduce the method of measuring the stability of the architectural design by taking into account external and internal elements of architecture built. Both just look at the number of packets that undergo additions and deletions to the pair versions. Quantitative research to assess an architectural stability by looking at environmental factors needed to complete measurement. Before implementing this factor, it is necessary to measure the relationship between variables the stability and environmental factors. We introduced a quantitative analysis of the mechanisms related to the extent to which the relationship between features volatility and architecture stability. Architecture design stability is measured by metrics Constantinou, and the calculation of features volatility depend on change of features from consecutive version. We applied this analysis into one project. The source code in the repository extracted to be converted into data according to metrics Constantinou, then the results are validated by experts selected. Datasets that have been validated measured by metrics and measurable correlation with Pearson-Product-Moment analysis. Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 8846 Author: Lun, L. and Chi, X. Year of Conference: 2010 Title: Relationship between Testing Criteria for Architecture Configuration Testing Based on Wright Specification Conference Name: 2010 International Conference on Computational Intelligence and Software Engineering Pages: 1-4 Date: 10-12 Dec. 2010 Short Title: Relationship between Testing Criteria for Architecture Configuration Testing Based on Wright Specification DOI: 10.1109/CISE.2010.5676824 Keywords: formal specification formal verification program testing software architecture FindC-CPaths Wright specification architecture-level testing component connected path coverage criteria component connected path coverage generation algorithm formal testing criteria revised configuration behavior graph software architecture configuration behavior software architecture configuration testing software development software testing criteria test suite verification technique Artificial neural networks Computer architecture Conferences Connectors IEEE Computer Society Testing Abstract: Coverage criteria of verification techniques play an important role in software development and testing. The goal is to reduce the size of test suites to economize on time, and to ensure whether all conditions are covered. This paper presents formal testing criteria for architecture-level testing that are based on formal specifications of the software architecture. Firstly, this method describes software architecture with Wright specification, secondly, transform the architecture configuration behavior to revised configuration behavior graph (RCBG) to indicate the computation of the single component and the transfer, thirdly, based on the component connected path coverage criteria and the component connected path coverage generation algorithm FindC-CPaths, generate tested path. This approach is implemented in the WTPT tool. Experimental and analysis demonstrated the validity and efficiency of the algorithm FindC-CPaths. Finally, the criteria is assessed, the assessing result provide a theoretical basis for applying the criteria. Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8970 Author: Sheldon, F. T., Kavi, K. M., Tausworthe, R. C., Yu, J. T., Brettschneider, R. and Everett, W. W. Year: 1992 Title: Reliability measurement: from theory to practice Journal: IEEE Software Volume: 9 Issue: 4 Pages: 13-20 Short Title: Reliability measurement: from theory to practice ISSN: 0740-7459 DOI: 10.1109/52.143095 Keywords: software reliability development life cycle reliability measurement software design Costs Dynamic scheduling Laboratories Maintenance Propulsion Reliability theory Software measurement Software quality Testing Abstract: The gap between theory and practice of reliability measurement in software design is discussed, and key issues that underlie reliability measurement's evolution from theory to practice are presented. A panel discussion in which reliability measurement's salient issues, basic concepts, and underlying theory are outlined is included. Reliability measurement's role in the development life cycle is also discussed.<> Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8486 Author: Bai, Yong, Tang, Jiandong, Xu, Weiping and Ruan, Weidong Year: 2015 Title: Reliability-based design of subsea light weight pipeline against lateral stability Journal: Marine Structures Volume: 43 Pages: 107-124 Date: 10// Short Title: Reliability-based design of subsea light weight pipeline against lateral stability ISSN: 0951-8339 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marstruc.2015.06.002 Keywords: LWP Lateral stability FEM Reliability design Submerged weight RSM Abstract: The application of non-metallic light weight pipeline (LWP) in subsea oil/gas transmission system is subject to subsea pipeline on-bottom stability problem because of their light weight. Additional weight required for the stabilization of subsea LWP is a critical item to consider when decreasing the cost of the pipeline system. This paper presents an effective approach to determine the additional weight by utilizing a reliability-based assessment of subsea LWP against on-bottom stability. In the approach, a dynamic non-linear finite element model (FEM), including a model of fluids-pipe-soil interaction for the subsea pipeline, is used to study the pipeline displacement response. In-place analysis of a flexible pipe is presented as an example of the authors' methodology. Results show that displacements are largely affected with and without considering the lift force. Additionally, the uncertainties of all parameters used in the model are considered. With 145 cases of FEM calculations being the samples, a response surface model (RSM) is developed to predict the pipeline lateral displacement using the software Design-Expert. Combing with the RSM equation, the Monte Carlo simulation method is employed to estimate the probability of exceeding pipeline stability. To calculate the reliability of LWP for different submerged weights, the method introduces a calibrated factor into the serviceability limit state (SLS) function. The proposed approach can be used to determine the additional weight required for the on-bottom stability of subsea pipelines while considering the uncertainties of all relevant parameters. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0951833915000441 Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9361 Author: Martelli, T., Miclet, L. and Tubach, J. Year of Conference: 1987 Title: REMORA A software architecture for the collaboration of different knowledge sources in phonetic decoding of continuous speech Conference Name: ICASSP '87. IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing Volume: 12 Pages: 387-390 Date: Apr 1987 Short Title: REMORA A software architecture for the collaboration of different knowledge sources in phonetic decoding of continuous speech DOI: 10.1109/ICASSP.1987.1169889 Keywords: Artificial intelligence Collaborative software Decoding Object oriented modeling Programming environments Reconnaissance Signal processing Software architecture Speech processing Speech recognition Abstract: REMORA, (REpresentation et Modelisation Objet pour la Reconnaissance Acoustico-phonetique: object representation and modelling for the acoustic phonetic recognition) is a software architecture for helping the phonetic decoding of continuous speech, using artificial intelligence techniques. Acoustic phonetic decoding is a central problem in continuous speech recognition. The basic idea of this project, realized at ENST, is to include various kinds of knowledge to improve accuracy and efficiency. The procedural knowledge may come from several sources such as centisecond segment recognition, diphone spotting or segmentation. The declarative knowledge may come from expertise on speech signal processing or from phonetic knowledge. In order to connect these two types of knowledge and to satisfy modularity and efficiency, we use an object-oriented formalism. The programming environment is a set of interactive menus, designed to be easily employed by the experts. Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9557 Author: Rai, L. and Kang, S. Ju Year of Conference: 2007 Title: Remote Controlled Group Behavior for Widely Spreaded and Cooperative Mobile Robots in Wireless Sensor Network Environment Conference Name: 13th IEEE International Conference on Embedded and Real-Time Computing Systems and Applications (RTCSA 2007) Pages: 363-368 Date: 21-24 Aug. 2007 Short Title: Remote Controlled Group Behavior for Widely Spreaded and Cooperative Mobile Robots in Wireless Sensor Network Environment ISBN: 2325-1271 DOI: 10.1109/RTCSA.2007.63 Keywords: control engineering computing decision making mobile robots multi-robot systems software architecture telerobotics wireless sensor networks CLIPS expert system tool cooperative mobile robots knowledge processing layered architecture multi-robot environment real-time software architecture remote controlled group behavior widely spreaded mobile robots wireless sensor network Application software Computer architecture Intelligent actuators Intelligent networks Intelligent robots Intelligent sensors Robot sensing systems Abstract: In this paper, we present the experiments with robots in a wireless sensor network environment to support intelligent generation of group behaviors. We propose real-time software architecture in a wireless sensor network (WSN) environment for practical applications. The architecture is a layered architecture including decision making, knowledge processing, execution, and communication and sensor/actuator layers. The proposed architecture is tested for the multi-robot environment, where the robots are expected to exhibit group behaviors. The rules are written in CLIPS expert system tool to perform intelligent behavior generation and dynamic reasoning so as to make the behaviors more realistic. Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 8345 Author: Marasovi, Kristina, #263 and Lutz, Michael Year: 2015 Title: Remote development and distance delivery of innovative courses: challenges and opportunities Conference Name: Proceedings of the 37th International Conference on Software Engineering - Volume 2 Conference Location: Florence, Italy Publisher: IEEE Press Pages: 299-302 Place Published: 2819055 Abstract: The Rochester Institute of Technology (RIT) offers programs of study at several of RIT's international campuses: Dubrovnik and Zagreb (Croatia), Dubai (United Arab Emirates) and Priatina (Kosovo). At RIT Croatia, some courses are delivered as distance education courses using Polycom, a video conferencing system, supported by other online education tools. Although distance learning methods and tools provide an effective way to offer instructions remotely, delivering a course that emphasizes team-based software development, with laboratory exercises and in-class team activities, creates new challenges that need to be addressed. This paper discusses the authors' experiences with the remote development and delivery of one of those courses - the SWEN-383 Software Design Principles and Patterns course in the Information Technology program at RIT Croatia. The paper first explains the role and need for offering this particular course. It then discusses how the collaborative development of this new course was conducted between the U.S. And the Croatian campuses, including remote delivery from Zagreb to Dubrovnik. The paper concludes with observations and suggestions for those who may engage in such a project in the future. Notes: students Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 8873 Author: Marasovic, K. and Lutz, M. Year of Conference: 2015 Title: Remote Development and Distance Delivery of Innovative Courses: Challenges and Opportunities Conference Name: 2015 IEEE/ACM 37th IEEE International Conference on Software Engineering Volume: 2 Pages: 299-302 Date: 16-24 May 2015 Short Title: Remote Development and Distance Delivery of Innovative Courses: Challenges and Opportunities ISBN: 0270-5257 DOI: 10.1109/ICSE.2015.159 Keywords: computer science education distance learning educational courses software engineering Croatia Dubai Dubrovnik Kosovo Polycom system Priatina RIT Rochester Institute of Technology SWEN-383 software design principles and patterns course United Arab Emirates Zagreb course delivery course development distance education courses in-class team activities information technology program laboratory exercises online education tools team-based software development video conferencing system Collaboration Computers Context Education Google Software distance education information technology education remote collaboration team projects Abstract: The Rochester Institute of Technology (RIT) offers programs of study at several of RIT's international campuses: Dubrovnik and Zagreb (Croatia), Dubai (United Arab Emirates) and Priatina (Kosovo). At RIT Croatia, some courses are delivered as distance education courses using Polycom, a video conferencing system, supported by other online education tools. Although distance learning methods and tools provide an effective way to offer instructions remotely, delivering a course that emphasizes team-based software development, with laboratory exercises and in-class team activities, creates new challenges that need to be addressed. This paper discusses the authors' experiences with the remote development and delivery of one of those courses - the SWEN-383 Software Design Principles and Patterns course in the Information Technology program at RIT Croatia. The paper first explains the role and need for offering this particular course. It then discusses how the collaborative development of this new course was conducted between the U.S. And the Croatian campuses, including remote delivery from Zagreb to Dubrovnik. The paper concludes with observations and suggestions for those who may engage in such a project in the future. Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 9519 Author: O’Neill, M., Mikler, A. R., Indrakanti, S., Tiwari, C. and Jimenez, T. Year: 2014 Title: RE-PLAN: An Extensible Software Architecture to Facilitate Disaster Response Planning Journal: IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics: Systems Volume: 44 Issue: 12 Pages: 1569-1583 Short Title: RE-PLAN: An Extensible Software Architecture to Facilitate Disaster Response Planning ISSN: 2168-2216 DOI: 10.1109/TSMC.2014.2332137 Keywords: disasters emergency management geographic information systems software architecture Bio-E biological emergency mitigation tools RE-PLAN ad hoc clinics biological emergency event data-driven disaster mitigation planning disaster response planning disaster scenarios disparate data extensible software architecture geographic information systems expertise point-and-click interface quantitative analyses user-friendly tool Disaster management Emergency services Logistics Planning Public healthcare Transportation Biological emergencies POD throughput disaster mitigation planning emergency response evacuation planning public health preparedness Abstract: Computational tools are needed to make data-driven disaster mitigation planning accessible to planners and policymakers without the need for programming or geographic information systems expertise. To address this problem, we have created modules to facilitate quantitative analyses pertinent to a variety of different disaster scenarios. These modules, which comprise the REsponse PLan ANalyzer framework, may be used to create tools for specific disaster scenarios that allow planners to harness large amounts of disparate data and execute computational models through a point-and-click interface. Bio-E, a user-friendly tool built using this framework, was designed to develop and analyze the feasibility of ad hoc clinics for treating populations following a biological emergency event. In this paper, the design and implementation of the RE-PLAN framework are described, and the functionality of the modules used in the Bio-E biological emergency mitigation tools are demonstrated. Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8528 Author: Distefano, S., Puliafito, A. and Scarpa, M. Year: 2011 Title: A representation method for performance specifications in UML domain Journal: Computers in Human Behavior Volume: 27 Issue: 5 Pages: 1579-1592 Date: 9// Short Title: A representation method for performance specifications in UML domain ISSN: 0747-5632 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2010.11.003 Keywords: Software Development Process UML Software performance engineering Semantics Meta-modeling Abstract: Performance related problems play a key role in the Software Development Process (SDP). In particular an early integration of performance specifications in the SDP has been recognized during last years as an effective approach to speed up the production of high quality and reliable software. In this context we defined and implemented a technique for automatically evaluating performance aspects of UML software architectures. To achieve this goal the starting UML model of the software architecture under exam has been mapped into a performance domain afterwards analyzed. The performance indices are inserted in the UML model exploiting the OMG Profile for Schedulability, Performance and Time Specification standard. However, to really automate the process, it was mandatory to specify the UML software representation by fixing semantic rules. The goal of this paper is the formalization of the model representation, characterizing the syntax and the semantics through which specifying performance requirements and behaviors into UML models in order to be compliant with the technique we implemented. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0747563210003432 Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 8994 Author: Prado, A. B. and Baranauskas, M. C. C. Year of Conference: 2012 Title: Representing scientific associations through the lens of Actor-Network Theory Conference Name: 2012 Fourth International Conference on Computational Aspects of Social Networks (CASoN) Pages: 87-92 Date: 21-23 Nov. 2012 Short Title: Representing scientific associations through the lens of Actor-Network Theory DOI: 10.1109/CASoN.2012.6412383 Keywords: social networking (online) ANT actor-network theory domain characterization graphical representation nonhuman actors scientific associations social Web social networks social software software design Communities Educational institutions Humans Materials Social network services Sociology Visualization e-science multimodal networks Abstract: Knowledge on the social web presupposes to gather information about its current and potential users and document their relationships, interests and needs. A recent branch of sociology, the Actor-Network Theory or ANT, states that relations among human and nonhuman actors are equally important to comprehend social phenomena. Since scientists are potential users of huge computational support, their communities provide relevant cases for domain characterization and software design. This paper investigates the possibilities of using ANT to characterize a real instance of those social networks. The active role of nonhuman actors allows us to trace the relations based on material clues left behind by the actors, and also to bring forth features to be explored by social software. The results of this study present a graphical representation that allows quantitative and qualitative analysis of the social network, which may inform a better design of systems for those communities. Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 8777 Author: Mason, C. R. and Moffat, J. Year of Conference: 2000 Title: Representing the C2 process in simulations: modelling the human decision-maker Conference Name: 2000 Winter Simulation Conference Proceedings (Cat. No.00CH37165) Volume: 1 Pages: 940-949 vol.1 Date: 2000 Short Title: Representing the C2 process in simulations: modelling the human decision-maker DOI: 10.1109/WSC.2000.899896 Keywords: command and control systems decision support systems digital simulation sensor fusion software agents C2 process CLARION+ MOSES OOTW Operations Other Than War UK land-air combat simulation agent software architecture combat commanders constructive simulation models data fusion defence analysis human decision-maker modelling human decision-making intelligent agent framework interacting command agents military command and control military headquarters military objectives military operation plan supervision realistic force behaviour recognized picture compilation software testbeds tactical levels Algorithm design and analysis Decision making Humans Intelligent agent Poles and towers Process planning Software algorithms Software architecture Software testing Abstract: Military command and control (C2) is the process by which commanders organise and employ force elements in order to achieve military objectives. This process needs to be represented in models of conflict in order to simulate realistic force behaviour and effectiveness. Since C2 is heavily influenced by human decision-making, modelling the C2 process is recognized as one of the most challenging areas for defence analysis. The paper describes on-going research into ways in which the effects of C2 can be incorporated successfully into constructive simulation models of combat. The research has developed a representation of C2 based on an intelligent agent framework in which the C2 processes of a military operation are carried out by a number of interacting command agents, representing the various military headquarters. An agent software architecture has been designed and implemented, along with algorithms for key C2 processes, namely: (1) data fusion and recognized picture compilation, (2) decision-making and planning at operational and tactical levels, (3) plan supervision and repair. These have been implemented within two software testbeds: MOSES, a simulation of Operations Other Than War (OOTW) and CLARION+, an extension of CLARION, the UK land-air combat simulation Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 8133 Author: Guindon, Raymonde Year: 1992 Title: Requirements and design of DesignVision and object-oriented graphical interface to an intelligent software design assistant Conference Name: Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Conference Location: Monterey, California, USA Publisher: ACM Pages: 499-506 DOI: 10.1145/142750.142908 Place Published: 142908 Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 7925 Author: Paoli, Flavio De and Sosio, Andrea Year: 1996 Title: Requirements for a layered software architecture supporting cooperative multi-user interaction Conference Name: Proceedings of the 18th international conference on Software engineering Conference Location: Berlin, Germany Publisher: IEEE Computer Society Pages: 408-417 Place Published: 227812 Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9536 Author: Paoli, F. De and Sosio, A. Year of Conference: 1996 Title: Requirements for a layered software architecture supporting cooperative multi-user interaction Conference Name: Proceedings of IEEE 18th International Conference on Software Engineering Pages: 408-417 Date: 25-29 Mar 1996 Short Title: Requirements for a layered software architecture supporting cooperative multi-user interaction ISBN: 0270-5257 DOI: 10.1109/ICSE.1996.493435 Keywords: cooperative systems groupware multi-access systems software engineering CSDL framework cooperative connectors cooperative multi-user interaction cooperative systems design inter-layer communication interactive systems layered software architecture Application software Collaboration Computer architecture Connectors Demultiplexing Software architecture Software design User interfaces Abstract: Layered interactive systems lend themselves to be adapted for cooperation if inter-layer communication is charged to separated connectors. Point-to-point connectors can be replaced with cooperative connectors multiplexing and demultiplexing I/O between a particular layer and multiple instances of the next lower one. For this technique to be most effective, some general guidelines should be followed that support the design of good quality software where discrimination between heterogeneous functionality at the architectural level allows multiple interacting users to exploit different system features based on their role in the cooperation. This provides a sound basis for augmenting collaboration-transparent layered systems with powerful collaboration support (e.g. complex coordination policies) yet preserving separation of concerns between applicative and cooperative functionality. The paper discusses these issues both in general and with reference to their application within the CSDL framework for cooperative systems design Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9124 Author: Wehrwein, B., Matos, G. and Tanikella, R. Year of Conference: 2008 Title: A Requirements-Driven and Collaborative Decision Support Approach for Evaluating the Viability of Candidate Implementation Technologies Conference Name: 2008 12th International IEEE Enterprise Distributed Object Computing Conference Pages: 293-299 Date: 15-19 Sept. 2008 Short Title: A Requirements-Driven and Collaborative Decision Support Approach for Evaluating the Viability of Candidate Implementation Technologies ISBN: 1541-7719 DOI: 10.1109/EDOC.2008.46 Keywords: decision support systems groupware software architecture software performance evaluation candidate implementation technologies collaborative decision support approach decision-making process software assets Application software Collaborative software Collaborative work Computer industry Decision making Distributed computing Industrial relations International collaboration Space technology COTS evaluation COTS selection agile methodologies software requirements software reuse technology assessment Abstract: Platforms, frameworks, and other forms of software assets are proliferating in the industry for well-documented reasons. Architects may choose from a wide variety of implementation technologies to realize their envisioned software architecture. Each asset provides the ability to fulfill a set of requirements, and imposes a set of constraints. Given these complex compatibility relationships, it is a non-trivial task to determine how best to utilize candidate assets toward a defined business problem. This task is made harder when multiple stakeholders from various backgrounds contribute to the decision-making process, as often occurs in large projects.By grouping requirements by functional area, and relating them to corresponding candidate technologies, we propose an approach that allows stakeholders to collaboratively reason about the satisfaction of requirements, the compatibility of technologies, and integration risk. The goal is to narrow the initial space of technologies to a smaller number of viable candidate technology sets. Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9355 Author: Xiaoping, Li, Jinghui, Chen, Xiaoxing, Lv, Yinxiang, Li, Hongjian, Dong and Zhenghong, Wang Year of Conference: 2010 Title: The research of a new architecture in expert system Conference Name: 2010 The 2nd International Conference on Industrial Mechatronics and Automation Volume: 2 Pages: 244-247 Date: 30-31 May 2010 Short Title: The research of a new architecture in expert system DOI: 10.1109/ICINDMA.2010.5538323 Keywords: Application software Communication industry Computer architecture Computer industry Computer languages Expert systems Medical expert systems Object oriented modeling Operating systems Service oriented architecture Expert system SOA Software architecture Abstract: For the traditional expert system problems, combined with service-oriented architecture (SOA) and soft-bus idea, proposed a expert system design under a new architecture. And taking the medical expert system for example, clarify the advantages of the design, which has great significance for achieving the integration of expert system, interface standardization and system scalability. Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 8871 Author: Wang, P., Shi, W. and He, H. Year of Conference: 2010 Title: The Research of Application Software Design on the Embedded Network Terminals Conference Name: 2010 International Conference on Biomedical Engineering and Computer Science Pages: 1-4 Date: 23-25 April 2010 Short Title: The Research of Application Software Design on the Embedded Network Terminals ISBN: 2165-9192 DOI: 10.1109/ICBECS.2010.5462317 Keywords: embedded systems peripheral interfaces portable computers software engineering Samsung S3C2440A-40 company U-disk USB interface application software design computer networks data processing e-mail transceiver embedded network-based portable PC-terminal file sharing frequency 405 MHz functional single data storage equipment mobile communications network network resources removable storage devices Application software Computer displays Electronic mail Hard disks Memory Mobile communication Peer to peer computing Software design Abstract: At present, the application of a very wide range of removable storage devices, such as U-disk, mobile hard disk, giving great convenience to people's data storage and transfer. But more single function such products only for data storage, data processing do not have the capacity, and it must connect with computer use can be achieved its role. Functional single data storage equipment and mobile communications network combines the advantages and achieve greater value. Embedded network-based portable PC-terminal instead of direct access to computer networks, volume only palm-sized, easy-year-old who carried it easy to read, display, storage on the network resources, such as file sharing, e-mail transceiver etc. Samsung S3C2440A-40 company, the system can be stable operation in the 405 MHZ speeds up to more than 530 MHz, the data volume of larger or more complex object, you can use the USB interface to its transmission to the computer for processing. Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9096 Author: Huang, Z., Xu, L. and Liu, Y. Year of Conference: 2013 Title: The Research of MEICSP Model through a REST Web Service Conference Name: 2013 IEEE International Conference on Green Computing and Communications and IEEE Internet of Things and IEEE Cyber, Physical and Social Computing Pages: 2148-2152 Date: 20-23 Aug. 2013 Short Title: The Research of MEICSP Model through a REST Web Service DOI: 10.1109/GreenCom-iThings-CPSCom.2013.405 Keywords: Web services cloud computing innovation management marine engineering software architecture MEICSP model REST Web service SaaS business requirements cloud computing technology continuous development integrate systems marine business systems marine environmental information cloud computing services support platform marine industry marine information system next generation marine software representational state transfer architectural style share information software as a service technology innovation Business Computer architecture Protocols XML REST Service flow Abstract: Nowadays, Marine Information Systems play a critical role between users and huge marine environmental information. However, it is not easy to sharing of marine environmental information and integration of marine business systems. To integrate systems and share information, it is of great importance to build an easy-accessible platform in parallel with the continuous development of technology innovation and the growth of business requirements of marine industries. In this paper, Combined with the Software as a Service (SaaS) and cloud computing technology, we propose a method for designing a marine environmental information cloud computing services support platform (MEICSP) according to representational state transfer architectural style (REST), and demonstrate the validity of MEICSP through experiments. The contribution of this article is to reveal key aspects of new software architecture for the next generation marine software. Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9503 Author: Sun, F., Fang, Q. and Meng, H. Year of Conference: 2008 Title: Research of OBU in ETC Based on ARM Conference Name: 2008 4th International Conference on Wireless Communications, Networking and Mobile Computing Pages: 1-4 Date: 12-14 Oct. 2008 Short Title: Research of OBU in ETC Based on ARM ISBN: 2161-9646 DOI: 10.1109/WiCom.2008.700 Keywords: automated highways radiofrequency identification ETC system ITS RFID technology automatic collection system electronic toll collection Communication system control Communication system traffic control Control systems Displays Kernel Road transportation Road vehicles Vehicle detection Vehicle driving Abstract: ETC is a new automatic collection system used to collect toll in the highway, bridge and tunnel. In the world, ETC system settles and improves lots of problem in current traffic system, such as vehicle speed on highway, highway capacity, etc. ETC system plays an important role in the ITS. ETC system is composed of RSU, OBU, road controller unit, vehicle detecting unit, collection management software, and other auxiliary unit. This article mainly researches design of OBU in ETC system with RFID technology, and describes hardware structure and software design of OBU system. Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9606 Author: Li, Qian, Xiuming, Chen, Jiahua, Wan, Lu, Chen, Yuanyuan, Zhou and Chunjiao, Yin Year of Conference: 2016 Title: The research of software reliability based on Failure Data Conference Name: 2016 7th IEEE International Conference on Software Engineering and Service Science (ICSESS) Pages: 880-883 Date: 26-28 Aug. 2016 Short Title: The research of software reliability based on Failure Data DOI: 10.1109/ICSESS.2016.7883206 Keywords: formal verification project management software management software quality software reliability decision making basis failure data failure mechanism software design software reliability evaluation model software reliability levels software reliability modeling software running process verification method Reliability complex system simulation modeling Abstract: This research proposes software reliability modeling method based on Failure Data, which is an improvement to the traditional software reliability modeling methods. And the same time, this paper also proposes corresponding verification method as to the research of software reliability model on software design defects and failures. Firstly, the failure data is collected in the software running process; secondly, this paper analyses the failure mechanism of software; finally, the software reliability evaluation model is put forward on studying software reliability. The research results show that the reasonable reliability model can improve the software reliability levels and provide a degree of decision-making basis to enhance software quality and project management. Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9016 Author: Huarui, W. and Chunjiang, Z. Year of Conference: 2009 Title: Research on Agricultural Data Grid System Conference Name: 2009 International Conference on Web Information Systems and Mining Pages: 705-710 Date: 7-8 Nov. 2009 Short Title: Research on Agricultural Data Grid System DOI: 10.1109/WISM.2009.146 Keywords: agriculture authorisation ontologies (artificial intelligence) software architecture agricultural data geographic distribution agricultural data grid system agricultural meta-data model layered software architecture role-based access control spatial clustering spatio-temporal ontology Access control Agricultural engineering Application software Computer architecture Distributed computing Information technology Optimal scheduling Resource management System testing agricuhural data data grid grid system information cooperation metadata Abstract: High performance processing of agricultural data in the grid environment is a complex and hardly problem, mainly due to agricultural data's geographic distribution, heterogeneity, variety. A layered software architecture agriculture of agricultural data grid is designed. Agricultural meta-data model based spatio-temporal ontology, spatial clustering and mapping for agricultural data, information cooperation, role-based access control are researched. The application environment of agricultural data grid node is constructed. Through the test experiment, finally indicated that, high performance computing capacity is provided with the agricultural data grid system. Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 8922 Author: Li, H., Zhang, H., Peng, D. and Huang, W. Year of Conference: 2009 Title: Research on data acquisition system based on FlexRay Conference Name: 2009 9th International Conference on Electronic Measurement & Instruments Pages: 4-386-4-389 Date: 16-19 Aug. 2009 Short Title: Research on data acquisition system based on FlexRay DOI: 10.1109/ICEMI.2009.5274030 Keywords: data acquisition field buses industrial control FlexRay computer technology data acquisition system high speed fieldbus technology industrial control field plays industrial production procedure Communication system control Control systems Instruments SCADA systems Software design Time division multiple access Vehicle dynamics ATD module Fieldbus System Abstract: Data acquisition system on industrial control field plays an important role in the whole industrial production procedure. This paper mainly researches FlexRay, a high speed fieldbus technology, and discusses the design procedure of data acquisition system based on FlexRay, including system basic structure, general design, hardware design and software design. The experiment result shows that data acquisition system based on FlexRay is valid and useful on industrial field. Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9542 Author: Zhang, X. and Wu, Y. Year of Conference: 2008 Title: Research on GPRS interface based on DM6446 for H.264 standard stream media files Conference Name: 2008 2nd International Conference on Anti-counterfeiting, Security and Identification Pages: 163-167 Date: 20-23 Aug. 2008 Short Title: Research on GPRS interface based on DM6446 for H.264 standard stream media files ISBN: 2163-5048 DOI: 10.1109/IWASID.2008.4688376 Keywords: multimedia systems packet radio networks video coding DM6446 GPRS interface H.264 standard H.264/AVC moving picture experts group multimedia stream media files video coding experts group video standardization Automatic voltage control Ground penetrating radar Hardware IEC standards ISO standards MPEG standards Standardization Standards development Streaming media GPRS Multimedia communication Stream Media Abstract: H.264/AVC is the current video standardization project of the ITU-T video coding experts group (VCEG) and the ISO/IEC moving picture experts group (MPEG). H.264/AVC represents a major step forward in the development of video coding standards. In this paper, the authors briefly introduced a technical overview of H.264/AVC standard and proposed the related coding tools, using DM6446. Then, the paper give the hardware and software design of a simulation system, this system could acquire the multimedia information and send the information by GPRS technology. At the last section, the authors compared the H.264/AVC standard with other prior coding standards. The results show that H.264/AVC standard will enable new applications and business opportunities to be developed. Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9165 Author: Li, X., Gao, F., Yan, T., Zhou, L., Wang, D., Jia, Z. and Guo, Z. Year of Conference: 2013 Title: Research on Key Issues about Seafloor Observatory Network Conference Name: 2013 International Conference on Service Sciences (ICSS) Pages: 151-154 Date: 11-13 April 2013 Short Title: Research on Key Issues about Seafloor Observatory Network ISBN: 2165-3828 DOI: 10.1109/ICSS.2013.52 Keywords: marine engineering service-oriented architecture virtual instrumentation SOA enterprise integration ocean resource seafloor observatory network service oriented architecture software architecture Business Encoding Instruments Observatories Semiconductor optical amplifiers Topology instruments management virtual device Abstract: Developing the seafloor observatory network is very significant for the human to explore the ocean resources. And the network's software architecture decides the quality of the service of the whole system. As an advanced and mature technology, SOA(Service Oriented Architecture) is widely applied to enterprise integration, but how to make it apply to the design of seafloor observatory network still exists many obfuscations. Considering its distinctive features, we design a prototype system for seafloor observatory network based on SOA in our last paper. Many key problems of the support and implementation of SOA for seafloor observatory network are discussed in this paper. The solutions of which will play an important role in the practice of the SOA for seafloor observatory network. Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9566 Author: Morales, J. and Melgar, A. Year of Conference: 2017 Title: Research on proposals and trends in the architectures of semantic search engines: A systematic literature review Conference Name: 2017 Federated Conference on Computer Science and Information Systems (FedCSIS) Pages: 271-280 Date: 3-6 Sept. 2017 Short Title: Research on proposals and trends in the architectures of semantic search engines: A systematic literature review DOI: 10.15439/2017F88 Keywords: Bibliographies Computer architecture Engines Protocols Quality assessment Systematics Semantic web knowledge knowledge representation ontologies semantic search engines software architecture systematic literature review Abstract: Semantic web technologies have gained some spot-light in recent years, mostly explained by the spread of mobile devices and broadband Internet access. As once envisioned by Tim Berners-Lee, semantic web technologies have fostered the development of standards that enable, in turn, the emergence of semantic search engines that give users the information they are looking for. This paper presents the results of a systematic literature review that focuses on understanding the proposals on the semantic search engines from an architectural point of view. From the results it is possible to say that most of the studies propose an integral solution for their users where their requirements, the context and the modules that comprise the search engine have a great role to play. Ontologies and knowledge also play an important role in these architectures as they evolve, enabling a great myriad of solutions that respond in a better way to the users' expectations. Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9441 Author: Li, L., Xu, Y., Li, X., Liu, L. and Fang, X. Year of Conference: 2008 Title: Research on Software Architecture for Expert System in Practice Conference Name: 2008 Third International Conference on Pervasive Computing and Applications Volume: 1 Pages: 17-21 Date: 6-8 Oct. 2008 Short Title: Research on Software Architecture for Expert System in Practice DOI: 10.1109/ICPCA.2008.4783569 Keywords: expert systems software architecture agro-meteorology database technology expert system machine learning quotient space real-time process control Application software Databases Knowledge management Problem-solving Process control Real time systems Space technology intelligence software software component Abstract: Advanced applications in fields such as expert system, real-time process control problem solving, machine learning require the construction, efficient access and management of large, shared knowledge bases. Such knowledge bases cannot be built using existed tools such as expert system shells, because these do not scale up, nor can be built in terms of existing database technology, because such technology does not support the rich representational structure and inference mechanisms required for knowledge-based systems. This paper proposes a generic architecture for a knowledge base management system intended for such applications. The software architecture assumes quotient space structure which analyses identic problem in different granularity space. A new software architecture model for knowledge base system based on quotient space is given. The atomic component, quotient component connector and configuration are defined As an example, a knowledge base system framework for agro-meteorology is described Some components and a configuration about agro-meteorology are given. All above work sets up basic theory of software architecture for knowledge base system based on quotient space and provides new way for further research. Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9289 Author: Ge, Bin and Li, H. Year of Conference: 2011 Title: The research on ZigBee-based Mine Safety Monitoring System Conference Name: 2011 International Conference on Electric Information and Control Engineering Pages: 1837-1840 Date: 15-17 April 2011 Short Title: The research on ZigBee-based Mine Safety Monitoring System DOI: 10.1109/ICEICE.2011.5777745 Keywords: Zigbee computerised monitoring mining industry occupational safety wireless sensor networks ZigBee sensor node ZigBee-Based mine safety monitoring system gateway design mine production control safety management selforganizing routing algorithm Fuel processing industries Monitoring Safety Software Wireless communication AODV GPRS Mine Safety Monitoring System VC + + Abstract: In this paper the research method of Mine Safety Monitoring System based on ZigBee is elaborated, and the hardware design of ZigBee sensor node and system software design are discussed. The self-organizing routing algorithm for ZigBee networks and the gateway design and systems integration are also studied. ZigBee-based Mine Safety Monitoring System can achieve a variety of safety factors of production, and underground environment (such as gas, temperature, humidity and other environmental indicators) for monitoring, controlling mine production, safety management to provide a good basis for decision making. Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 8998 Author: Jaffe, M. S. Year of Conference: 2007 Title: Resolving the algorithms-as-requirements versus algorithms-as-design conundrum Conference Name: 2007 IEEE/AIAA 26th Digital Avionics Systems Conference Pages: 6.C.3-1-6.C.3-9 Date: 21-25 Oct. 2007 Short Title: Resolving the algorithms-as-requirements versus algorithms-as-design conundrum ISBN: 2155-7195 DOI: 10.1109/DASC.2007.4391959 Keywords: software engineering systems analysis algorithms-as-design conundrum algorithms-as-requirements software design software intensive systems software systems engineering software systems requirements engineering Algorithm design and analysis Design methodology Engineering profession Organizing Software algorithms Software systems Systems engineering and theory Vocabulary Abstract: This paper explores the origins and consequences of two inherent non-uniformities in the software systems engineering process: 1. An inherent non-uniformity of requirements "levels" in the beginning of the software systems requirements engineering process. 2. A resultant lack of parallelism between levels of refinement of abstraction in the expression of requirements and levels of refinement and decomposition in systems and software design. These non-uniformities are shown to be potentially contributing factors, possibly the principal contributing factors, to the "algorithms as requirements" versus "algorithms as design" conundrum, a key component of the "what" versus "how" distinction in software requirements versus software design documents that has never been as settled as we might wish it to have been. A reasonably rigorous argument is made that the first of these non-uniformities is related to an intrinsically ambiguous role for algorithms in the software systems engineering process and that it is intrinsic problem, not an artifact of poor requirements syntax in the various languages in which requirements are expressed. As the second problem, the lack of parallelism between levels of requirements and levels of design follows from the first, it too would seem therefore to be an intrinsic issue, not unique to any specific requirements or design methodology. To resolve the ambiguity and the problems it has lead to in software systems engineering processes, the necessity for a dualistic view of algorithms is proposed and the practical engineering consequences of the dualism are discussed. A careful set of semantics to distinguish between the dualism's alternatives is proposed and recommended for use in organizing and expressing requirements for software intensive systems. Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8481 Author: Carlson, Jan and Lisper, Björn Year: 2010 Title: A resource-efficient event algebra Journal: Science of Computer Programming Volume: 75 Issue: 12 Pages: 1215-1234 Date: 12/1/ Short Title: A resource-efficient event algebra ISSN: 0167-6423 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scico.2010.06.010 Keywords: Event detection Event notification Embedded systems Abstract: Events play many roles in computer systems, ranging from hardware interrupts, over event-based software architecture, to monitoring and managing of complex systems. In many applications, however, individual event occurrences are not the main point of concern, but rather the occurrences of certain event patterns. Such event patterns can be defined by means of an event algebra, i.e., expressions representing the patterns of interest are built from simple events and operators such as disjunction, sequence, etc. We propose a novel event algebra with intuitive operators (a claim which is supported by a number of algebraic properties). We also present an efficient detection algorithm that correctly detects any expression with bounded memory, which makes this algebra particularly suitable for resource-constrained applications such as embedded systems. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S016764231000122X Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 9467 Author: Blair, S., Watt, R. and Cull, T. Year: 2010 Title: Responsibility-Driven Architecture Journal: IEEE Software Volume: 27 Issue: 2 Pages: 26-32 Short Title: Responsibility-Driven Architecture ISSN: 0740-7459 DOI: 10.1109/MS.2010.52 Keywords: decision making software architecture software prototyping agile development architectural decision architectural design responsibility driven architecture agile economics software engineering process Abstract: Responsibility-driven architecture (RDA) explores when, how, and who should make architectural decisions. The author's research attempts to answer these questions from an agile perspective and proposes a framework to improve architectural design. It has also provided an opportunity to reframe the role and relevancy of the architect in agile development. Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8587 Author: Symeonidis, Andreas L., Athanasiadis, Ioannis N. and Mitkas, Pericles A. Year: 2007 Title: A retraining methodology for enhancing agent intelligence Journal: Knowledge-Based Systems Volume: 20 Issue: 4 Pages: 388-396 Date: 5// Short Title: A retraining methodology for enhancing agent intelligence ISSN: 0950-7051 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.knosys.2006.06.003 Keywords: Data mining Multi-agent systems Agent intelligence Training Retraining Abstract: Data mining has proven a successful gateway for discovering useful knowledge and for enhancing business intelligence in a range of application fields. Incorporating this knowledge into already deployed applications, though, is highly impractical, since it requires reconfigurable software architectures, as well as human expert consulting. In an attempt to overcome this deficiency, we have developed Agent Academy, an integrated development framework that supports both design and control of multi-agent systems (MAS), as well as “agent training”. We define agent training as the automated incorporation of logic structures generated through data mining into the agents of the system. The increased flexibility and cooperation primitives of MAS, augmented with the training and retraining capabilities of Agent Academy, provide a powerful means for the dynamic exploitation of data mining extracted knowledge. In this paper, we present the methodology and tools for agent retraining. Through experimented results with the Agent Academy platform, we demonstrate how the extracted knowledge can be formulated and how retraining can lead to the improvement – in the long run – of agent intelligence. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0950705106001687 Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8754 Author: Ruiz-López, Tomás, Noguera, Manuel, Rodríguez, María José, Garrido, José Luis and Chung, Lawrence Year: 2013 Title: REUBI: A Requirements Engineering method for ubiquitous systems Journal: Science of Computer Programming Volume: 78 Issue: 10 Pages: 1895-1911 Date: 10/1/ Short Title: REUBI: A Requirements Engineering method for ubiquitous systems ISSN: 0167-6423 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scico.2012.07.021 Keywords: Non-functional requirements Requirements engineering Ubiquitous systems Software design Context-awareness Positioning systems Abstract: Recent technological advances are increasing the spread of Ubiquitous Computing, leading to the appearance of numerous software systems, which benefit from the features of this new paradigm. Nevertheless, there are a lack of methodologies to properly support the development process of these systems. An important part of the Software Engineering lifecycle is the Requirements Engineering stage, as it grounds the bases for system design for their success. In particular, systematically addressing Non-Functional Requirements such as dynamicity and adaptation, that are important features of ubiquitous systems, eventually leads to higher quality designs. In this paper, a Requirements Engineering Method for the analysis of Ubiquitous Systems, called REUBI, is introduced. It is a goal-based method that represents the influence of context and adverse situations, providing an evaluation procedure to help in the decision making about objectives satisfaction. The proposal is illustrated through the analysis of a Positioning Service of a real system. Additionally, the application of the method has been evaluated by a team of software engineers for the analysis of an Ambient Assisted Living (AAL) health care system. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167642312001645 Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 8172 Author: Lytra, Ioanna, Engelbrecht, Gerhard, Schall, Daniel and Zdun, Uwe Year: 2015 Title: Reusable architectural decision models for quality-driven decision support: a case study from a smart cities software ecosystem Conference Name: Proceedings of the Third International Workshop on Software Engineering for Systems-of-Systems Conference Location: Florence, Italy Publisher: IEEE Press Pages: 37-43 Place Published: 2821427 Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9577 Author: Lytra, I., Engelbrecht, G., Schall, D. and Zdun, U. Year of Conference: 2015 Title: Reusable Architectural Decision Models for Quality-Driven Decision Support: A Case Study from a Smart Cities Software Ecosystem Conference Name: 2015 IEEE/ACM 3rd International Workshop on Software Engineering for Systems-of-Systems Pages: 37-43 Date: 17-17 May 2015 Short Title: Reusable Architectural Decision Models for Quality-Driven Decision Support: A Case Study from a Smart Cities Software Ecosystem DOI: 10.1109/SESoS.2015.14 Keywords: decision making knowledge based systems smart cities software architecture software quality software reusability architectural decision making architectural design architectural knowledge document quality quality attributes quality-driven decision support reusable architectural decision models software ecosystem software systems system-of-systems domain Biological system modeling Computer architecture Data mining Ecosystems Software architectural decision support architectural design decision quality attribute smart city Abstract: Architectural design decisions and architectural knowledge are becoming relevant in the current practice of software architecture. In addition, reusable architectural knowledge has gained much importance in the industrial practice. In the process of architectural decision making, quality attributes constitute key drivers for designing software systems, therefore, it is important to document quality attributes along with the decisions captured. However, most of the current tools for management of architectural decisions focus mainly on capturing or sharing of design decisions. We propose to enrich a reusable architectural decision meta-model with quality attributes and introduce a corresponding tool. Our goal is to support software architects during decision making based on reusable decisions driven by quality attributes. Our approach was motivated by and applied in an industrial case study on a large-scale software ecosystem for smart cities, that constitute a complex and challenging system-of-systems domain. We applied our proposal in a few scenarios in the smart cities domain, in which the consideration of quality attributes is required to model reusable architectural knowledge adequately. Notes: document decisions Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9211 Author: Seriai, A. d., Oussalah, M., Tamzalit, D. and Goaer, O. L. Year of Conference: 2006 Title: A Reuse-driven approach to update Component-Based Software Architectures Conference Name: 2006 IEEE International Conference on Information Reuse & Integration Pages: 313-318 Date: 16-18 Sept. 2006 Short Title: A Reuse-driven approach to update Component-Based Software Architectures DOI: 10.1109/IRI.2006.252432 Keywords: object-oriented programming software architecture software reusability ad-hoc projections component-based software architectures reuse-driven approach software engineering Business Computer architecture Engineering management Filling Proposals Security Software maintenance Vocabulary Abstract: As the maintenance of software architectures emerges as a discipline within software engineering, it becomes increasingly important to propose new approaches to manage and facilitate it. In this paper we propose and describe the updating style as a reusable unit filling the gap between full-reusable solution and full-usable ones. Our updating styles aims at capitalizing update expertise, or know-hows, within component-based architectures for use and re-use purposes. An updating style is a family of update procedures dedicated to a business domain, sharing common tasks that have to be performed in the quite same order, to update a software architecture in a proven and safe way. The primary ideas of this research are: (a) an updating style is a building block to create increasingly complex update procedures by reuse; (b) an updating style is expressed on an architectural family, whose specific update procedures can be derived through instantiations; and (c) some updating styles can be run, after ad-hoc projections on environments Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 7913 Author: Jasser, Stefanie and Riebisch, Matthias Year: 2016 Title: Reusing security solutions: a repository for architectural decision support Conference Name: Proccedings of the 10th European Conference on Software Architecture Workshops Conference Location: Copenhagen, Denmark Publisher: ACM Pages: 1-7 DOI: 10.1145/2993412.3007556 Place Published: 3007556 Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9608 Author: Jahnke, J. H. Year of Conference: 2004 Title: Reverse engineering software architecture using rough clusters Conference Name: Fuzzy Information, 2004. Processing NAFIPS '04. IEEE Annual Meeting of the Volume: 1 Pages: 4-9 Vol.1 Date: 27-30 June 2004 Short Title: Reverse engineering software architecture using rough clusters DOI: 10.1109/NAFIPS.2004.1336239 Keywords: pattern clustering reverse engineering rough set theory software architecture software maintenance architectural abstractions automated clustering algorithm domain knowledge human software engineers industrial practice legacy software code program understanding rough clusters software reverse engineering subsystem architectures Application software Clustering algorithms Computer architecture Humans Set theory Software algorithms Software systems Abstract: Software reverse engineering and program understanding deal with methods and techniques in support of maintenance and evolution of complex legacy software. A key challenge is to find effective mechanisms to (re-)create architectural abstractions of the software system, which aid human software engineers in understanding them. Much research has been devoted on developing algorithms for automated clustering of legacy software code into subsystem architectures. Still, few of these solutions are being used in industrial practice. We believe that this is mainly due to two main limitations, firstly, the lack of algorithms to represent approximate clusters, and secondly, the inability of clustering algorithms to use human expertise and domain knowledge about the legacy application. We describe an approach that applies rough set theory for the purpose of legacy software clustering, in order to overcome these limitations. Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8313 Author: Mari, A. and #235 Year: 2005 Title: Review of "IPv6 Network Programming by Jun-ichiro itojun Hagino," Digital Press, 2004, $49.95, ISBN: 1555583180 Journal: Queue Volume: 3 Issue: 5 Pages: 60-60 Short Title: Review of "IPv6 Network Programming by Jun-ichiro itojun Hagino," Digital Press, 2004, $49.95, ISBN: 1555583180 ISSN: 1542-7730 DOI: 10.1145/1071713.1071734 Legal Note: 1071734 Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8322 Author: Chand, Don Year: 2005 Title: Review of "Privacy: What Developers and IT Professionals Should Know by J. C. Cannon," Addison-Wesley Professional, 2004, $49.99. ISBN: 0321224094 Journal: Queue Volume: 3 Issue: 5 Pages: 60-60 Short Title: Review of "Privacy: What Developers and IT Professionals Should Know by J. C. Cannon," Addison-Wesley Professional, 2004, $49.99. ISBN: 0321224094 ISSN: 1542-7730 DOI: 10.1145/1071713.1071733 Legal Note: 1071733 Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9272 Author: Ryoo, J., Laplante, P. and Kazman, R. Year of Conference: 2012 Title: Revising a Security Tactics Hierarchy through Decomposition, Reclassification, and Derivation Conference Name: 2012 IEEE Sixth International Conference on Software Security and Reliability Companion Pages: 85-91 Date: 20-22 June 2012 Short Title: Revising a Security Tactics Hierarchy through Decomposition, Reclassification, and Derivation DOI: 10.1109/SERE-C.2012.18 Keywords: Availability Communities Educational institutions Programming Security Software Taxonomy decomposition derivation extraction patterns reclassification repository tactics Abstract: Software architecture is the set of important design decisions that address cross-cutting system quality attributes such as security, reliability, availability, and performance. Practitioners often face difficulty in beginning an architectural design due to the lack of concrete building blocks available to them. Tactics are fundamental design decisions and play the role of these initial design primitives and complement the existing design constructs such as architectural or design patterns. A tactic is a relatively new design concept, and tactics repositories are still being developed. However, the maturity of these repositories is inconsistent, and varies depending on the quality attribute. To address this inconsistency and to promote a more rigorous, repeatable method for creating and revising tactics hierarchies, we propose a novel methodology of extracting tactics. This methodology, we claim, can accelerate the development of tactics repositories that are truly useful to practitioners. We discuss three approaches for extracting these tactics. The first is to derive new tactics from the existing ones. The second is to decompose an existing architectural pattern into its constituent tactics. Finally, we extract tactics that have been misidentified as patterns. Among the many types of tactics available, this paper focuses on security tactics. Using our methodology, we revise a well-known taxonomy of security tactics. We contend that the revised hierarchy is complete enough for use in practical applications. Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 8335 Author: Shidende, Nima Herman, M, Christina, #246 and rtberg Year: 2014 Title: Re-visiting design-after-design: reflecting implementation mediators connectedness in distributed participatory design activities Conference Name: Proceedings of the 13th Participatory Design Conference: Research Papers - Volume 1 Conference Location: Windhoek, Namibia Publisher: ACM Pages: 61-70 DOI: 10.1145/2661435.2661437 Place Published: 2661437 Abstract: This paper aims at an extended understanding of the design facilitators' role, here implementation mediators, in participatory design practices. In reflecting connectedness between use and design in a distributed open source software design practice, a particular focus is devoted to the implementation mediator's interaction between local users, global software developers, and local designers who are geographically distributed, possess different technological skills, and different work experiences. The implementation mediators' insights are useful in the design of large information systems that involve distributed actors. A maternal and child health setting in Tanzania was the case in this study. An ethnographic study involving interactions with global developers and participative activities in local health practices were conducted. In addition, mediators connected local and global designers to configure a computer system for a particular context; configured participation, involving health workers in designing practices. We present the role of the implementation mediators and its related participatory activities by using the notion of design-after-design. We also highlight the challenges which could face implementation mediators in distributed participatory design activities. Notes: Thematically not fitting... 'File' Attachments: internal-pdf://2008152556/Re-visiting design-after-design reflecting imp.pdf Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 8293 Author: Porter, Barry, Grieves, Matthew, Filho, Roberto Rodrigues and Leslie, David Year: 2016 Title: REX: a development platform and online learning approach for runtime emergent software systems Conference Name: Proceedings of the 12th USENIX conference on Operating Systems Design and Implementation Conference Location: Savannah, GA, USA Publisher: USENIX Association Pages: 333-348 Place Published: 3026904 Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9065 Author: Dixit, D., Kalbande, A. and Bhurchandi, K. M. Year of Conference: 2013 Title: RFID based health assistance & monitoring system through a handmounted embedded device Conference Name: 2013 Fourth International Conference on Computing, Communications and Networking Technologies (ICCCNT) Pages: 1-9 Date: 4-6 July 2013 Short Title: RFID based health assistance & monitoring system through a handmounted embedded device DOI: 10.1109/ICCCNT.2013.6726620 Keywords: electronic health records medical computing patient monitoring radiofrequency identification ubiquitous computing EPR RFID assistive technology biomedical sensor clinical computer system electronic patient record hand mounted embedded device handmounted embedded device health assistance health monitoring system hospital database medical work radio frequency identification real-time vital parameter feed Androids Bluetooth Hospitals Humanoid robots Monitoring Android Pulse Oximeter Radio Frequency IDentification (RFID) Ubiquitious Computing Wireless System Abstract: This paper describes the vision and on-going research in creating ubiquitous computing support for medical work in the hospitals and health assistance technology for the future. In the recent decades health related issues are becoming more and more critical. This highlights the need of continuous monitoring of health parameters of the patient. Today, clinical computer systems seldom play any role in the execution of clinical work as such. Similarly the handy health monitoring electronic equipments do not help in maintaining health logs, analyzing data and assisting depending on the analysis. Electronic Patient Records (EPR) are more confined to the hospital database. A dynamic modification of EPR depending on the real-time vital parameter feed are required for a updated EPR, which would in turn assist the specialist for a better insight of prevailing medical conditions of concerned patient. Extending the accessibility of this updated EPR to the patient could be used to assist the patient in the prevailing health conditions. Following the above line of action and addressing numerous challenges in health monitoring and assistance, hardware and software design of contemporary hand mounted embedded device loaded with biomedical sensors was developed. In this paper we present the design of a Radio Frequency IDentification (RFID) based Health Assistance & Monitoring System on the guidelines of Assistive Technology. The proposed design not only helps the user in monitoring and updating his EPR but also assists the user in organizing his appointments, following the strict dietary plan and assists the user in case of emergency. Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8440 Author: Fagerholm, Fabian, Sanchez Guinea, Alejandro, Mäenpää, Hanna and Münch, Jürgen Year: 2017 Title: The RIGHT model for Continuous Experimentation Journal: Journal of Systems and Software Volume: 123 Pages: 292-305 Date: 1// Short Title: The RIGHT model for Continuous Experimentation ISSN: 0164-1212 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jss.2016.03.034 Keywords: Continuous experimentation Product development Software architecture Software development process Agile software development Lean software development Abstract: Context: Development of software-intensive products and services increasingly occurs by continuously deploying product or service increments, such as new features and enhancements, to customers. Product and service developers must continuously find out what customers want by direct customer feedback and usage behaviour observation. Objective: This paper examines the preconditions for setting up an experimentation system for continuous customer experiments. It describes the RIGHT model for Continuous Experimentation (Rapid Iterative value creation Gained through High-frequency Testing), illustrating the building blocks required for such a system. Method: An initial model for continuous experimentation is analytically derived from prior work. The model is matched against empirical case study findings from two startup companies and further developed. Results: Building blocks for a continuous experimentation system and infrastructure are presented. Conclusions: A suitable experimentation system requires at least the ability to release minimum viable products or features with suitable instrumentation, design and manage experiment plans, link experiment results with a product roadmap, and manage a flexible business strategy. The main challenges are proper, rapid design of experiments, advanced instrumentation of software to collect, analyse, and store relevant data, and the integration of experiment results in both the product development cycle and the software development process. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0164121216300024 Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9335 Author: Helmholt, K. and Courage, W. Year of Conference: 2013 Title: Risk management in large scale underground infrastructures Conference Name: 2013 IEEE International Systems Conference (SysCon) Pages: 902-908 Date: 15-18 April 2013 Short Title: Risk management in large scale underground infrastructures DOI: 10.1109/SysCon.2013.6549991 Keywords: condition monitoring geotechnical structures probability failure probability large scale underground infrastructure proof-of-principle monitoring system risk management underground position sensor Computational modeling Materials Monitoring Reliability Soil Stress Uncertainty computer simulation software architecture Abstract: Underground infrastructures can fail due to ground movements. Due to the underground nature this is difficult to detect above ground. In a collaboration of multiple research institutes a new approach has been developed to estimate the probability of failure using underground position sensors. A Proof of Principle monitoring system was developed to reduce uncertainty with respect to the feasibility of such a system. It consists of a set of interacting subsystems from different experts and takes into account uncertainty of different (sometimes correlated) subsystem variables. In this paper we describe the approach itself and its rationale. We expect his system to be used in the future for risk management. Emphasis in this paper is on the integration of subsystems and fields of expertise. Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 8935 Author: Etani, N. Year of Conference: 1999 Title: Robot media communication: an interactive real-world guide agent Conference Name: Proceedings. First and Third International Symposium on Agent Systems Applications, and Mobile Agents Pages: 234-241 Date: 1999 Short Title: Robot media communication: an interactive real-world guide agent DOI: 10.1109/ASAMA.1999.805407 Keywords: computerised navigation data communication exhibitions infrared detectors interactive systems laboratories mobile robots multi-agent systems path planning software architecture IR location system autonomous interactive mobile robot communication management compass cooperative adaptive system distributed intelligence exhibition halls hallway ceiling hand-held mobile computer information integration information space interactive real-world guide agent laboratory multi-agent system physical space robot agent robot media communication robot navigation system sensor-distributed robot system shared space technology transparent knowledge boundaries two-way communication virtual space visitors Infrared sensors Mobile communication Mobile computing Multiagent systems Navigation Orbital robotics Robot sensing systems Space technology Abstract: Describes a guide system and the software architecture for an autonomous, interactive robot based on a multi-agent system. A robot navigation system has been developed allowing the robot to guide people through halls in various types of exhibitions. Our approach uses an infrared location system in the hallway ceilings, making the environment part of a sensor-distributed robot system. The real-world guide agent is composed of a guide agent on a hand-held mobile computer and a robot agent on an autonomous mobile robot. The guide agent plays the role of “robot media” in order to integrate information in the information space of the mobile computer and the physical space of the exhibits in order to guide visitors through the physical space. This research aims to develop a cooperative adaptive system using two-way communication among spaces, media and human beings to construct transparent knowledge boundaries between the real space and the virtual space. The virtual space is generated from computer data using shared space technology and it creates a distributed intelligence in order to manage the communication and control the guide in a laboratory. We have experimented with and verified this software architecture using a prototype autonomous mobile robot equipped with a compass Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9584 Author: Bin, Xu, Xiaohu, Yang and Ma, A. Year of Conference: 2008 Title: Role based cross-project collaboration in multiple distributed software design projects Conference Name: 2008 12th International Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work in Design Pages: 177-182 Date: 16-18 April 2008 Short Title: Role based cross-project collaboration in multiple distributed software design projects DOI: 10.1109/CSCWD.2008.4536977 Keywords: groupware project management software development management systems analysis distributed software design projects dual-shore software projects role based cross-project collaboration role based resource arrangement method Collaborative software Collaborative work Computer architecture Computer science Delay Educational institutions International collaboration Programming Software design Software prototyping Cross-project collaboration Global cooperative software design Role base plan Role based view Work flow Abstract: While many collaboration methods have been suggested in distributed software development project, cross-project collaboration is still problematic. On the basis of the former research on the collaboration improvement in dual-shore software projects, the authors present a role base cross-project collaboration framework to enhance the collaboration in multiple software design projects. In this paper, the tasks and resource are defined and coupled by role concept. Role based view for the dynamic conjunction of the multiple projects has been proposed and role based resource arrangement method has been suggested. The prototype has been built and the feedback in the internal workshops turned to be good. Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 8034 Author: Pargman, Teresa Cerratto and Lantz, Ann Year: 2002 Title: The role of "genre" in the analysis of the use of videoconference systems at work Conference Name: Proceedings of the second Nordic conference on Human-computer interaction Conference Location: Aarhus, Denmark Publisher: ACM Pages: 287-290 DOI: 10.1145/572020.572067 Place Published: 572067 Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8158 Author: Boyd, S. Year: 1989 Title: The role of Ada in contemporary interface technology Journal: Ada Lett. Volume: IX Issue: 5 Pages: 115-122 Short Title: The role of Ada in contemporary interface technology ISSN: 1094-3641 DOI: 10.1145/71340.71348 Legal Note: 71348 Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9108 Author: Boasson, M. Year of Conference: 1996 Title: The role of architecture in the development of software systems Conference Name: Computer Software and Applications Conference, 1996. COMPSAC '96., Proceedings of 20th International Pages: 350-351 Date: 21-23 Aug 1996 Short Title: The role of architecture in the development of software systems ISBN: 0730-3157 DOI: 10.1109/CMPSAC.1996.544589 Keywords: software cost estimation software metrics software performance evaluation fast hardware software architecture software complexity software development cost software development process system functionality systems sophistication Availability Chaotic communication Computer architecture Cost function Explosions Hardware Safety Software systems Virtual machining Abstract: Systems increasingly rely on software as the main technology for implementing the desired behaviour. There is a clear trend of steadily growing sophistication in the behaviour of these systems. The availability of cheap and fast hardware suggests that successive generations of systems should exhibit greatly enhanced behaviour, but this increase in functionality is not observed to an extent that can be related to the progress made in hardware. To the contrary, systems grow in complexity very rapidly (as exemplified by their cost and the required sophistication of the development process), without providing much in terms of added functionality. This complexity, and resulting cost, limits the achievable level of sophistication in systems, unless techniques are found that allow the software complexity to be reduced very significantly. The imbalance between cost and functionality is discussed and arguments are presented suggesting it to be avoidable through a sound software architecture Notes: cost focus Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8770 Author: Sengupta, Partho P., Chandrasekaran, Krishnaswamy, Prince, Daniel J., Dyke, Rebecca A. and Khandheria, Bijoy K. Year: 2005 Title: Role of Biplane Echocardiography in a Large-volume Clinical Practice: Revamping Strategies for Echocardiography in a Limited Time Journal: Journal of the American Society of Echocardiography Volume: 18 Issue: 7 Pages: 757-760 Date: 7// Short Title: Role of Biplane Echocardiography in a Large-volume Clinical Practice: Revamping Strategies for Echocardiography in a Limited Time ISSN: 0894-7317 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.echo.2004.10.006 Abstract: Objectives We determined the feasibility, learning curve, time efficacy, and the quality of imaging during biplane echocardiography performed in clinical practice with a view to reduce a sonographer’s time for image acquisition. Background Multidimensional echocardiographic imaging has improved the assessment of cardiac geometry and function in clinical settings. However, concerns regarding ease of performance and effects on overall clinical work flow remain inadequately addressed. Methods The study included 100 consecutive unselected patients referred to our echocardiography laboratory. They were randomized to conventional or biplane echocardiography performed by a sonographer without previous knowledge of biplane imaging. Image acquisition time and variables influencing the learning curve and overall image quality were analyzed. Results Mean time required for biplane and mono-plane imaging was not different in the first 24 cases. In the remaining cases, mean image acquisition time was reduced significantly in 58 cases (76.3%): biplane, 5.6 minutes (SD 1.3); and monoplane, 6.6 minutes (SD 1.6) (P = .0003). For both techniques, scanning time was not affected by referral pattern, body habitus, or underlying cardiac lesion. Overall, biplane scanning resulted in reduction in echocardiographic imaging time of 9.1%, maintaining an acceptable image quality in 87% of patients. In the last 20 cases, new software design and superior instrumentation technique improved the mean time gain to 15%. Conclusion In a high-volume echocardiography laboratory, biplane imaging effectively reduces sonographer time for imaging and improves throughput by increasing the number of comprehensive ultrasound studies that can be performed in a limited time. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S089473170400923X Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 9642 Author: Shaw, M. Year: 2012 Title: The Role of Design Spaces Journal: IEEE Software Volume: 29 Issue: 1 Pages: 46-50 Short Title: The Role of Design Spaces ISSN: 0740-7459 DOI: 10.1109/MS.2011.121 Keywords: software engineering Studying Professional Software Design workshop design space traffic signal simulator Object oriented modeling Product development Software architecture Software design design Abstract: A central task in design is deciding what artifact will best satisfy the client's needs, whether that requires creating an artifact or choosing from existing alternatives. A design space identifies and organizes the decisions that must be made, together with the alternatives for those decisions, thereby providing guidance for creating artifacts or a framework for comparing them. The Studying Professional Software Design workshop studied three pairs of professional software designers sketching designs for a traffic signal simulator. A discussion of the design space for the simulation task shows how this design space enables comparison of the designs. It also illustrates the benefits of explicitly considering the design space during design and the risks of failing to do so. 'File' Attachments: internal-pdf://3790582486/The Role of Design Spaces.pdf Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 9283 Author: Adelson, B. and Soloway, E. Year: 1985 Title: The Role of Domain Experience in Software Design Journal: IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering Volume: SE-11 Issue: 11 Pages: 1351-1360 Short Title: The Role of Domain Experience in Software Design ISSN: 0098-5589 DOI: 10.1109/TSE.1985.231883 Keywords: Artificial intelligence cognitive models cognitive science software design Computer science Information science Problem-solving Protocols Abstract: A designer's expertise rests on the knowledge and skills which develop with experience in a domain. As a result, when a designer is designing an object in an unfamiliar domain he will not have the same knowledge and skills available to him as when he is designing an object in a familiar domain. In this paper we look at the software designer's underlying constellation of knowledge and skills, and at the way in which this constellation is dependent upon experience in a domain. What skills drop out, what skills, or interactions of skills come forward as experience with the domain changes? To answer the above question, we studied expert designers in experimentally created design contexts with which they were differentially familiar. In this paper we describe the knowledge and skills we found were central to each of the above contexts and discuss the functional utility of each. In addition to discussing the knowledge and skills we observed in expert designers, we will also compare novice and expert behavior. 'File' Attachments: internal-pdf://4088361484/The Role of Domain Experience in Software Desi.pdf Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 9512 Author: Sharp, H., Dittrich, Y. and Souza, C. R. B. de Year: 2016 Title: The Role of Ethnographic Studies in Empirical Software Engineering Journal: IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering Volume: 42 Issue: 8 Pages: 786-804 Short Title: The Role of Ethnographic Studies in Empirical Software Engineering ISSN: 0098-5589 DOI: 10.1109/TSE.2016.2519887 Keywords: cultural aspects human factors software process improvement empirical software engineering ethnography human aspects social aspects sociotechnological realities software development practice software engineering tools software process development Computer science Context Electronic mail Guidelines Sociology Software Software engineering Design tools and techniques computer-supported collaborative work human factors in software design software engineering process Abstract: Ethnography is a qualitative research method used to study people and cultures. It is largely adopted in disciplines outside software engineering, including different areas of computer science. Ethnography can provide an in-depth understanding of the socio-technological realities surrounding everyday software development practice, i.e., it can help to uncover not only what practitioners do, but also why they do it. Despite its potential, ethnography has not been widely adopted by empirical software engineering researchers, and receives little attention in the related literature. The main goal of this paper is to explain how empirical software engineering researchers would benefit from adopting ethnography. This is achieved by explicating four roles that ethnography can play in furthering the goals of empirical software engineering: to strengthen investigations into the social and human aspects of software engineering; to inform the design of software engineering tools; to improve method and process development; and to inform research programmes. This article introduces ethnography, explains its origin, context, strengths and weaknesses, and presents a set of dimensions that position ethnography as a useful and usable approach to empirical software engineering research. Throughout the paper, relevant examples of ethnographic studies of software practice are used to illustrate the points being made. Notes: interesting but about ethnography as technique to identify possible research Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8149 Author: Schneider, Carl and Trepagnier, Paul G. Year: 2009 Title: The role of open source in Graymatter's autonomous vehicle systems Journal: J. Comput. Small Coll. Volume: 24 Issue: 4 Pages: 5-5 Short Title: The role of open source in Graymatter's autonomous vehicle systems ISSN: 1937-4771 Legal Note: 1516548 Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 9434 Author: Sen, A. Year: 1997 Title: The role of opportunism in the software design reuse process Journal: IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering Volume: 23 Issue: 7 Pages: 418-436 Short Title: The role of opportunism in the software design reuse process ISSN: 0098-5589 DOI: 10.1109/32.605760 Keywords: blackboard architecture software libraries software reusability software tools blackboard technology cognitive model collaborative design knowledge demand-side software reuse design schema opportunism protocol analysis reuse library management system software design reuse process software development life cycle structured description task requirements Collaborative software Computer aided software engineering Humans Investments Process design Programming Software design Abstract: Software design involves translating a set of task requirements into a structured description of a computer program that will perform the task. A software designer can use design schema, collaborative design knowledge, or can reuse design artifacts. Very little has been done to include reuse of design artifacts in the software development life cycle, despite tremendous promises of reuse. As a result, this technique has not seen widespread use, possibly due to a lack of cognitive understanding of the reuse process. This research explores the role of a specific cognitive aspect, opportunism, in demand-side software reuse. We propose a cognitive model based on opportunism that describes the software design process with reuse. Protocol analysis verifies that the software design with reuse is indeed opportunistic and reveals that some software designers employ certain tasks of the reuse process frequently. Based on these findings, we propose a reuse support system that incorporates blackboard technology and existing reuse library management system Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9615 Author: Bianco, V. D., Myllärniemi, V., Komssi, M. and Raatikainen, M. Year of Conference: 2014 Title: The Role of Platform Boundary Resources in Software Ecosystems: A Case Study Conference Name: 2014 IEEE/IFIP Conference on Software Architecture Pages: 11-20 Date: 7-11 April 2014 Short Title: The Role of Platform Boundary Resources in Software Ecosystems: A Case Study DOI: 10.1109/WICSA.2014.41 Keywords: software architecture application development end-user applications end-user content management platform architecture platform boundary resources software ecosystems third-party developers Companies Computer architecture Ecosystems Portals Software Standards organizations Ecosystem case study plaform boundar resources Abstract: The success of software ecosystems highly depends on the variety and quality of end-user applications. Therefore, attracting third-party developers and facilitating application development is crucial. Platform boundary resources enable third-party developers to create the applications. Thus, the platform boundary resources expose and extend the platform architecture. We conducted an industrial case study on third-party developer experience, particularly on the role of platform boundary resources in exposing the platform architecture and facilitating development. The studied ecosystem is centered on managing end-users' content across devices, the ecosystem was in its pre-commercial phase. The results identify the platform boundary resources in the case study and propose a model for classifying the resources. Further, designing the platform boundary resources is not only about opening up the platform architecture. Instead, the platform boundary resources need to account for a rich variety of applications, or at least not limit too much the creativity of third-party developers, while still aiming at the ease of development. We conclude that the platform boundary resources need to be created for the third-party developers, rather than from the platform architecture. Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 8184 Author: Passier, Harrie Year: 2017 Title: The role of Procedural Guidance in Software Engineering Education Conference Name: Companion to the first International Conference on the Art, Science and Engineering of Programming Conference Location: Brussels, Belgium Publisher: ACM Pages: 1-2 DOI: 10.1145/3079368.3079398 Place Published: 3079398 Abstract: Designing and programming require several types of knowledge. Beside conceptual knowledge, procedural knowledge is of importance. Procedural knowledge, however, is often missed in courses about software design and implementation. As a consequence, students can easily be stuck and do not know how to proceed. Considering software engineering as a complex task, the didactic approach 4C/ID is applicable. This approach prescribes that besides mental models, cognitive strategies should be learned, consisting of overall steps and rules and procedures per step. As an example, a procedure for designing and programming a concurrent program is briefly described. This procedure will scaffffold studentfis learning of concurrency concepts and their application. Notes: students Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9000 Author: Akhtar, A., Motla, Y. H., Aslam, H. and Jamal, M. Year of Conference: 2014 Title: Role of requirement change in software architecture using Twin Peaks Model Conference Name: 2014 IEEE 5th International Conference on Software Engineering and Service Science Pages: 174-177 Date: 27-29 June 2014 Short Title: Role of requirement change in software architecture using Twin Peaks Model ISBN: 2327-0586 DOI: 10.1109/ICSESS.2014.6933539 Keywords: formal specification software architecture Twin Peaks Model requirement change management software development Analytical models Computer architecture Decision making Object oriented modeling Software Unified modeling language Requirement management Abstract: Requirement change management is an important activity in software development. When we change our requirements it affects the other requirements of the system as well as the architecture of the system. It needs a proper approach which improves the requirement change management and its impact on architecture in a better way. In this paper a framework has been introduced which integrates the impact of requirement change in the software system by using Twin Peak Model. The expert review method is used to evaluate our research. This framework gives a better approach to measure the impact of a requirement change in the architecture of the system. Our research outcome is, to develop a framework by using Twin Peaks Model to analyze the changing requirement and gives the impact of these changes in requirements on software architecture designing. It will be helpful to manage changes in the software architecture. Notes: process/framework Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9478 Author: Shekaran, C., Garlan, D., Jackson, M., Mead, N. R., Potts, C. and Reubenstein, H. B. Year of Conference: 1994 Title: The role of software architecture in requirements engineering Conference Name: Proceedings of IEEE International Conference on Requirements Engineering Pages: 239-245 Date: 18-22 Apr 1994 Short Title: The role of software architecture in requirements engineering DOI: 10.1109/ICRE.1994.292379 Keywords: formal specification professional aspects systems analysis application domain specialist application-specific high-level design high-level implementation constraints problem definition requirements engineer requirements engineering software architect software architecture software development process solution structure Computer architecture Computer industry Laboratories Performance analysis Programming Reliability engineering Shape Software engineering Software systems Abstract: The role of software architecture (which reflects high-level implementation constraints) in requirements engineering is clarified by providing perspectives on relevant issues, including the following: is requirements engineering merely a front end to the software development process that is concerned only with problem definition? Is software architecture an application-specific, high-level design of a system (for example, “an object-oriented system with a specified object hierarchy”)? What is the relationship between the problem definition and the solution structure? What is the relationship between the roles of requirements engineer, software architect, and application domain specialist? Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9103 Author: Martín-Rodilla, P. Year of Conference: 2012 Title: The role of software in cultural heritage issues: Types, user needs and design guidelines based on principles of interaction Conference Name: 2012 Sixth International Conference on Research Challenges in Information Science (RCIS) Pages: 1-2 Date: 16-18 May 2012 Short Title: The role of software in cultural heritage issues: Types, user needs and design guidelines based on principles of interaction ISBN: 2151-1349 DOI: 10.1109/RCIS.2012.6240446 Keywords: human computer interaction object-oriented methods cultural heritage issues design guidelines forestry engineering heritage sciences interaction human-computer software design user needs Computers Context Cultural differences Geography Guidelines Software User interfaces Cultural heritage IHC principles of interaction requirement elicitation Abstract: In most cases, the studied software in the cultural heritage domain has been designed from the perspective of other disciplines, such as forestry engineering, geography or documentation. In the Institute of Heritage Sciences, the cultural heritage is studied as a research topic, with methodologies to study the cultural heritage activities and considering the processing of data derived from these processes like a way to add value and knowledge in these contexts [4]. From this perspective, this paper shows a process of requirement elicitation with cultural heritage professionals and the needs identified by them. It mainly focuses on the identification of interaction human-computer (IHC) needs. Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9494 Author: Laine, P. K. Year of Conference: 2001 Title: The role of SW architecture in solving fundamental problems in object-oriented development of large embedded SW systems Conference Name: Proceedings Working IEEE/IFIP Conference on Software Architecture Pages: 14-23 Date: 2001 Short Title: The role of SW architecture in solving fundamental problems in object-oriented development of large embedded SW systems DOI: 10.1109/WICSA.2001.948400 Keywords: embedded systems object-oriented programming software architecture OO SW development OO approach SW architecture conceptual problems large embedded SW systems methodological implications object oriented SW development Computer architecture Embedded software Embedded system Failure analysis Filling Hardware Laboratories Large-scale systems Performance analysis Power system modeling Abstract: The article approaches SW (software) architecture through the needs and problems of object oriented SW development. It is widely perceived that the OO approach, despite its generally acknowledged strengths, has so far failed to fully deliver its promises. Based on experiences from the development of several large embedded SW systems, an analysis of common practical and conceptual problems in OO SW development is performed and a solution is suggested The analysis indicates a need for SW architecture as a separate concept. The discussion of the solution concentrates on the nature of SW architecture in this context, on the methodological implications of combining SW architecture work with OO approach and on the role of the architecture task in the entirety of SW construction Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9279 Author: Reece, M. J. Year of Conference: 1985 Title: The Role of the Software Engineer in the System Design Process Conference Name: MILCOM 1985 - IEEE Military Communications Conference Volume: 2 Pages: 346-349 Date: 20-23 Oct. 1985 Short Title: The Role of the Software Engineer in the System Design Process DOI: 10.1109/MILCOM.1985.4795049 Keywords: Communication system control Control systems Design engineering Embedded computing Embedded software Embedded system Hardware Microprocessors Power engineering and energy Systems engineering and theory Abstract: There presently exists a large and growing body of embedded computer systems, computers that perform some controlling function in a larger system such as a communications system. These embedded systems are often developed by project teams that do not contain the expertise of the software engineer in the beginning phases. This approach was appropriate when the technical nature of the embedded system development had a relatively small software component. Now, however, the availability of cheap, powerful, general-purpose microprocessors has moved software into a more critical role in the system design process. As a result, the engineering that used to be conducted in a hardware design atmosphere is now being conducted in a software design and programming environment and the skills and experience of the software engineer are needed in the beginning phases of the design process. This paper discusses some of the differences between software engineering and other branches of engineering, presents an approach for integrating software and firmware into the overall system design process and suggests possible risk reduction measures to use during the development process. Notes: process oriented Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 8056 Author: Dykstra-Erickson, Elizabeth and Curbow, Dave Year: 1997 Title: The role of user studies in the design of OpenDoc Conference Name: Proceedings of the 2nd conference on Designing interactive systems: processes, practices, methods, and techniques Conference Location: Amsterdam, The Netherlands Publisher: ACM Pages: 111-120 DOI: 10.1145/263552.263588 Place Published: 263588 Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 7869 Author: Spichkova, Maria, Schmidt, Heinz and Trubiani, Catia Year: 2017 Title: Role of women in software architecture: an attempt at a systematic literature review Conference Name: Proceedings of the 11th European Conference on Software Architecture: Companion Proceedings Conference Location: Canterbury, United Kingdom Publisher: ACM Pages: 31-34 DOI: 10.1145/3129790.3129826 Place Published: 3129826 Notes: literature review Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8456 Author: Ahn, Gail-Joon Year: 2000 Title: Role-based access control in DCOM Journal: Journal of Systems Architecture Volume: 46 Issue: 13 Pages: 1175-1184 Date: 11// Short Title: Role-based access control in DCOM ISSN: 1383-7621 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S1383-7621(00)00017-5 Abstract: The explosive growth of the Web, the increasing popularity of PCs and the advances in high-speed network access have brought distributed computing into the mainstream. To simplify network programming and to realize component-based software architecture, distributed object models have emerged as standards. One of those models is distributed component object model (DCOM) which is a protocol that enables software components to communicate directly over a network in a reliable, and efficient manner. In this paper, we investigate an aspect of DCOM concerning software architecture and security mechanism. Also, we describe the concept of role-based access control (RBAC) which began with multi-user and multi-application on-line systems pioneered in the 1970s. And we investigate how we can enforce the role-based access control as a security provider within DCOM, specially in access security policy. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1383762100000175 Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9634 Author: Pereira, Ó M., Regateiro, D. D. and Aguiar, R. L. Year of Conference: 2014 Title: Role-Based Access control mechanisms Conference Name: 2014 IEEE Symposium on Computers and Communications (ISCC) Pages: 1-7 Date: 23-26 June 2014 Short Title: Role-Based Access control mechanisms ISBN: 1530-1346 DOI: 10.1109/ISCC.2014.6912546 Keywords: Java authorisation relational databases CRUD expressions JDBC RBAC mechanisms business logics create read update and delete expressions relational database applications role-based access control mechanisms security threats select expressions Access control Business Data structures Databases Runtime RBAC distributed systems information security middleware software architecture Abstract: Most of the security threats in relational database applications have their source in client-side systems when they issue requests formalized by Create, Read, Update and Delete (CRUD) expressions. If tools such as ODBC and JDBC are used to develop business logics, then there is another source of threats. In some situations the content of data sets retrieved by Select expressions can be modified and then committed into the host databases. These tools are agnostic regarding not only database schemas but also regarding the established access control policies. This situation can hardly be mastered by programmers of business logics in database applications with many and complex access control policies. To overcome this gap, we extend the basic Role-Based Access policy to support and supervise the two sources of security threats. This extension is then used to design the correspondent RBAC model. Finally, we present a software architectural model from which static RBAC mechanisms are automatically built, this way relieving programmers from mastering any schema. We demonstrate empirical evidence of the effectiveness of our proposal from a use case based on Java and JDBC. Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8405 Author: El-Hassan, Osama and Fiadeiro, José Luiz Year: 2007 Title: Role-based Architectural Modelling of Socio-Technical Systems Journal: Electronic Notes in Theoretical Computer Science Volume: 181 Pages: 5-17 Date: 6/27/ Short Title: Role-based Architectural Modelling of Socio-Technical Systems ISSN: 1571-0661 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.entcs.2007.01.050 Keywords: Role-based Modelling Software Architecture Coordination Abstract: The focus of this paper is on how a role-based architectural approach can contribute to building normative models for evolvable and adaptable socio-technical systems, i.e. systems in which both software components and people play well-defined roles and need to interact to ensure that required global properties emerge. We propose a method that is associated with a set of new modelling primitives anchored on organisational roles and governed by social laws that handle the situations that may arise when the people involved deviate from prescribed behaviour and fail to play the role that they have been assigned as entities of the system. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1571066107003659 Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 8015 Author: Ahn, Gail-Joon and Mohan, Badrinath Year: 2003 Title: Role-based authorization in decentralized health care environments Conference Name: Proceedings of the 2003 ACM symposium on Applied computing Conference Location: Melbourne, Florida Publisher: ACM Pages: 251-256 DOI: 10.1145/952532.952584 Place Published: 952584 Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 8009 Author: Paulisch, Frances and Zimmerer, Peter Year: 2010 Title: A role-based qualification and certification program for software architects: an experience report from Siemens Conference Name: Proceedings of the 32nd ACM/IEEE International Conference on Software Engineering - Volume 2 Conference Location: Cape Town, South Africa Publisher: ACM Pages: 21-27 DOI: 10.1145/1810295.1810300 Place Published: 1810300 Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9485 Author: Paulisch, F. and Zimmerer, P. Year of Conference: 2010 Title: A role-based qualification and certification program for software architects: an experience report from Siemens Conference Name: 2010 ACM/IEEE 32nd International Conference on Software Engineering Volume: 2 Pages: 21-27 Date: 2-8 May 2010 Short Title: A role-based qualification and certification program for software architects: an experience report from Siemens ISBN: 0270-5257 DOI: 10.1145/1810295.1810300 Keywords: certification computer science education educational courses knowledge based systems software architecture Siemens report business unit international company knowledge- experience-based certification role-based certification program role-based qualification software architect software engineering curriculum Business Computer architecture Conferences Qualifications Software Testing curriculum education software engineering training Abstract: In this experience report, we describe the motivation, experience, lessons learned, and future directions of a software engineering curriculum used at a large international company. The "Curriculum for Software Engineers" project, which developed the content and a role-based qualification and certification program, was started at Siemens in 2006. This paper includes an overview of various kinds of certification in the software engineering area and why we chose the knowledge- and experience-based type of certification. The experience report part focuses mainly on the "certified senior software architect" role, as this role has the longest history and participants from many different business units and countries. Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9187 Author: Bin, Xu, Xiaohu, Yang, Yuanhong, Shen, Shanping, Li and Albert, Ma Year of Conference: 2008 Title: A role-based SOA architecture for community support systems Conference Name: 2008 International Symposium on Collaborative Technologies and Systems Pages: 408-415 Date: 19-23 May 2008 Short Title: A role-based SOA architecture for community support systems DOI: 10.1109/CTS.2008.4543958 Keywords: software architecture role-based SOA architecture service oriented architecture service-oriented programming Collaboration Collaborative work Computer architecture Object oriented modeling Prototypes Semiconductor optical amplifiers Software design Software prototyping Service oriented programming prototype experience role based architecture role based service oriented architecture Abstract: Software architecture is the backbone of a software- intensive system, many architecture models and styles are struggling to make the artifacts more understandable and reusable. Service-oriented programming is proposed to support reusing and enhancing distributed system development and a service-oriented architecture is essentially a collection of services which communicate with each other. However, the practitioners face the trouble in defining the services and identifying the communication request between all the services. Here in this paper, we adopted a role based architecture model named E-CARGO to facilitate the service definition and communication request identifying. An experience was conducted in prototyping a community support system and E-CARGO model was extended with data and authority access in the case study. The case study indicated that the suggested model could facilitate communication request identifying and service definition and could be helpful in identifying the authority control request during role shifting. Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8465 Author: Tan, Wenan, Li, Ling, Xu, Wei, Yang, Fujun, Jiang, Chuanqun, Yang, Lili and Choi, Jung Year: 2012 Title: A role-oriented service system architecture for enterprise process collaboration Journal: Computers & Operations Research Volume: 39 Issue: 8 Pages: 1893-1900 Date: 8// Short Title: A role-oriented service system architecture for enterprise process collaboration ISSN: 0305-0548 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cor.2011.07.007 Keywords: Enterprise service system Workflow management Process modeling and simulation Process collaboration Abstract: Workflow management is a key technique for coordinating various business processes. Traditional workflow systems are often built with the client/server architecture, in which, a single workflow server takes the responsibility of the entire operation. This paper discusses a model-driven process enactment environment, which can support an enterprise businesses collaboration. Some key technologies regarding models and the system are discussed in the paper, including the mappings between activities in process models and the service function of applications, how to use XML in the process model, and other workflow engine techniques. A software architecture supporting role-oriented services within the process-driven enterprise enactment environment has been proposed and implemented. The proposed framework has been validated with a case study in the 4PL business system. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0305054811002000 Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 8882 Author: Montenegro, C. H. and Astudillo, H. Year of Conference: 2014 Title: A role-playing game to teach ATAM (Architecture Trade-off Analysis Method) a simulation tool and case study Conference Name: 2014 IEEE ANDESCON Pages: 1-1 Date: 15-17 Oct. 2014 Short Title: A role-playing game to teach ATAM (Architecture Trade-off Analysis Method) a simulation tool and case study DOI: 10.1109/ANDESCON.2014.7098541 Keywords: computer aided instruction computer games computer science education distance learning further education human computer interaction software architecture teaching ATAM teaching Chilean National System of Tsunami Alarms RPG SNAM architectural design evaluation architecture trade-off analysis method architecture tree case description case study classroom learning graduate informatics students graduate software architecture class priority negotiation quality attribute examination role-playing game simulation tool software architecture teaching software engineering education technically-based negotiation skills utility tree Analytical models Computer architecture Education Games Software systems Abstract: Software architecture teaching is particularly hard for undergrad students, as the typically do not have work experience with medium or large software systems that have competing stakeholders. In particular, current software engineering education approaches do not seem useful to teach a method like ATAM (Architecture Trade-off Analysis Method), designed for evaluation of architectural designs by competing stakeholders. This article presents a role playing game (RPG) to support teaching of ATAM to graduate informatics students, in classroom or distance learning by simulating stakeholders interaction. A case study was developed based on the Chilean National System of Tsunami Alarms (SNAM); the material includes case description and an initial proposal for architecture and utility tree, and to enable role-playing, also includes stakeholders' roles and competing goals,. Students assume some stakeholder role, prioritize and examine quality attributes, negotiate priority and difficulty of scenarios, and agree on a final architecture. The system has been piloted, and will be deployed to a graduate software architecture class in mid-July. Role playing games for software engineering education allow to exercise technically-based negotiation skills, and empirical studies like this one will gather applicability and usefulness information for its nuanced application to future cohorts. Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9296 Author: Chang, C., Ping, S. and Kejie, L. Year of Conference: 2009 Title: R-Sensing: a route solution for wireless sensor measurement system Conference Name: 2009 3rd IEEE International Symposium on Microwave, Antenna, Propagation and EMC Technologies for Wireless Communications Pages: 1232-1237 Date: 27-29 Oct. 2009 Short Title: R-Sensing: a route solution for wireless sensor measurement system DOI: 10.1109/MAPE.2009.5355770 Keywords: telecommunication network routing trees (mathematics) wireless sensor networks R-Sensing TinyOS compact routing energy consumption multi-hop routing package reception rate receive signal strength route select estimator sensor network software architecture smart routing wireless communication wireless sensor measurement system wireless sensor node wireless sensor transient field measurement network Bandwidth Energy measurement Intelligent sensors Middleware Routing Sampling methods Sensor systems EMST RSSI multi-hop route wireless sensor network Abstract: The application of wireless sensor transient field measurement network trying to get high data sampling rate, high fidelity data by using wireless sensor node, with the constrain of wireless communication bandwidth and energy consumption. Smart and compact routing is a critical issue in this system, which plays a role of middleware in sensor network software architecture. The route select estimator should be provide an appropriate critical reference parameter to route select scheme so that the router could be sensitive enough with the changing of measurement environment and stable enough at the time of data transmitting. Therefore, we proposed R-Sensing as route solution, using exponential weighted moving averaged (EMMA) Receive Signal Strength (RSSI) as critical reference value and minimal spanning tree algorithm as route select mechanism. This protocol is implemented on Bit-Node running TinyOS along with them. The out-door experiment shows that it has an appropriate Package Reception Rate (PRR) via multi-hop routing. Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8578 Author: Rai, Laxmisha and Kang, Soon Ju Year: 2008 Title: Rule-based modular software and hardware architecture for multi-shaped robots using real-time dynamic behavior identification and selection Journal: Knowledge-Based Systems Volume: 21 Issue: 4 Pages: 273-283 Date: 5// Short Title: Rule-based modular software and hardware architecture for multi-shaped robots using real-time dynamic behavior identification and selection ISSN: 0950-7051 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.knosys.2007.05.008 Keywords: Modular Multi-shaped Real-time Dynamic behavior Expert system Abstract: Multi-shaped robots can change their shape to navigate different terrains and thereby accomplish complex tasks. Such robots are more useful in rough terrains, pipeline inspections and in the removal of obstacles. The design of such multi-shaped robots requires dynamic shape changes in its hardware as well as reconfigurable software architecture. Modular robots are preferred under such conditions, in that they can change their behavior dynamically. This paper proposes new modular software and hardware architecture for multi-shaped robots using real-time dynamic behavior identification and selection. It is a layered architecture with reusable and reconfigurable modules, which can be embedded in an expert system as both hardware and software modules and demonstrated with snake robot or physically reconfigured four-legged robots. The intelligent dynamic selection and synchronization of selected behaviors enable mobile robots to perform many tasks under complex situations. The architecture proposed can be applied to shape-reconfigurable robots, for the dynamic selection of behavior during reconfiguration, where hardware and software modules can be reused during reconfiguration. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0950705107000676 Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8647 Author: Gamble, R. F., Stiger, P. R. and Plant, R. T. Year: 1999 Title: Rule-based systems formalized within a software architectural style Journal: Knowledge-Based Systems Volume: 12 Issue: 1–2 Pages: 13-26 Date: 4// Short Title: Rule-based systems formalized within a software architectural style ISSN: 0950-7051 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0950-7051(99)00004-0 Keywords: Rule-based system Knowledge-based system Software architecture Formal methods Abstract: This article considers the utilization of architectural styles in the formal design of knowledge-based systems. The formal model of a style is an approach to systems modeling that allows software developers to understand and prove properties about the system design in terms of its components, connectors, configurations, and constraints. This allows commonality of design to be easily understood and captured, leading to a better understanding of the role that an architectural abstraction would have in another complex system, embedded context, or system integration. In this article, a formal rule-based architectural style is presented in detail using the Z notation. The benefits of depicting the rule-based system as an architectural style include reusability, understandability, and the allowance for formal software analysis and integration techniques. The ability to define the rule-based architectural style in this way, illustrates the power, clarity, and flexibility of this specification form over traditional formal specification approaches. In addition, it extends current verification approaches for knowledge-based systems beyond the knowledge base only. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0950705199000040 Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9373 Author: Filho, R. R. and Porter, B. Year of Conference: 2016 Title: A Runtime Framework for Machine-Augmented Software Design Using Unsupervised Self-Learning Conference Name: 2016 IEEE International Conference on Autonomic Computing (ICAC) Pages: 231-232 Date: 17-22 July 2016 Short Title: A Runtime Framework for Machine-Augmented Software Design Using Unsupervised Self-Learning DOI: 10.1109/ICAC.2016.37 Keywords: data flow analysis software engineering software fault tolerance unsupervised learning autonomic computing machine-augmented software design runtime framework software development unsupervised self-learning Complexity theory NASA Runtime Software design Software systems Web servers Emergent software Abstract: Modern computer software comprises tens of millions of lines of code and is deployed in highly dynamic environments such as data-centres, with constantly fluctuating user populations and popular content patterns. Together this complexity and dynamism make computer software very difficult to develop and maintain. The autonomic computing community has grown to address some of these challenges, developing automation in areas such as self-optimisation and self-healing. However, work to date either (i) focuses on a specific problem in isolation, neglecting the broader complexity of software construction, or (ii) considers the design process but is human-centric, relying on expertly-crafted models. In this paper we examine software development as a process, infusing this process with a level of autonomy that seeks to make software an active part of its own development team. We present an overview of our framework and we demonstrate the accuracy of our framework in autonomously finding the most suitable software design at runtime according to specific operating conditions. Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 8022 Author: Oreizy, Peyman, Medvidovic, Nenad and Taylor, Richard N. Year: 2008 Title: Runtime software adaptation: framework, approaches, and styles Conference Name: Companion of the 30th international conference on Software engineering Conference Location: Leipzig, Germany Publisher: ACM Pages: 899-910 DOI: 10.1145/1370175.1370181 Place Published: 1370181 Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 8809 Author: Gurp, J. van and Bosch, J. Year of Conference: 2000 Title: SAABNet: Managing qualitative knowledge in software architecture assessment Conference Name: Proceedings Seventh IEEE International Conference and Workshop on the Engineering of Computer-Based Systems (ECBS 2000) Pages: 45-53 Date: 2000 Short Title: SAABNet: Managing qualitative knowledge in software architecture assessment DOI: 10.1109/ECBS.2000.839860 Keywords: belief networks software architecture software performance evaluation Belief Network SAABNet qualitative assessments qualitative knowledge software architecture assessment software architectures Bayesian methods Computer architecture Computer languages Feedback Feeds Knowledge management Probability Q factor Quality management Abstract: Quantitative techniques have traditionally been used to assess software architectures. We have found that early in development process there is often insufficient quantitative information to perform such assessments. So far the only way to make qualitative assessments about an architecture, is to use qualitative assessment techniques such as peer reviews. The problem with this type of assessment is that they depend on the techniques knowledge of the expert designers who use them. In this paper we introduce a technique, SAABNet (Software Architecture Assessment Belief Network), that provides support to make qualitative assessments of software architectures Notes: assess software architecture Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9163 Author: Xue, Wu, Chao, Liu and Qingxin, Xia Year of Conference: 2014 Title: Safety requirements modeling based on RUCM Conference Name: 2014 IEEE Computers, Communications and IT Applications Conference Pages: 217-222 Date: 20-22 Oct. 2014 Short Title: Safety requirements modeling based on RUCM DOI: 10.1109/ComComAp.2014.7017199 Keywords: safety-critical software Safety RUCM fault protection concepts model-based safety requirement modeling approach restricted use case modeling safety critical systems software design Data structures Dictionaries Educational institutions Fault detection Safety Software Switches modeling rucm safety requirements Abstract: Safety requirements have commanded increasing attention as software is playing a more and more important role in today's safety critical systems. As many experts, scholars have found that the main reason for safety critical systems' accident is bad requirements which means inaccurate, incomplete or inconsistent requirements may lead to misunderstanding of the system and may cause a fault in software design and realization, and brought disaster to people or environment. The main reason of bad requirements is poor communication between safety engineers and requirements analysis engineers. Safety requirements essentially are requirements to protect the software system go into a danger state which will cause lost of life or asset or environment damage. Safety requirements deal with errors, faults that the system may come across. So In this paper, we combine fault protection concepts with safety requirements, and propose a model-based safety requirements modeling approach named Safety RUCM to describe safety requirements in order to reduce inaccurate, incomplete or inconsistent safety requirements and at the same time to enhance mutual understanding on safety requirements between safety. Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8024 Author: Inverardi, Paola Year: 2002 Title: The SALADIN project: summary report Journal: SIGSOFT Softw. Eng. Notes Volume: 27 Issue: 3 Pages: 38-43 Short Title: The SALADIN project: summary report ISSN: 0163-5948 DOI: 10.1145/638574.638585 Legal Note: 638585 Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9051 Author: Kobayashi, K., Kamimura, M., Yano, K., Kato, K. and Matsuo, A. Year of Conference: 2013 Title: SArF map: Visualizing software architecture from feature and layer viewpoints Conference Name: 2013 21st International Conference on Program Comprehension (ICPC) Pages: 43-52 Date: 20-21 May 2013 Short Title: SArF map: Visualizing software architecture from feature and layer viewpoints ISBN: 1092-8138 DOI: 10.1109/ICPC.2013.6613832 Keywords: decision making program visualisation reverse engineering software architecture SArF dependency-based software clustering algorithm SArF map city block city metaphor dependency links high-level abstraction units high-level decision making reuse software architecture visualization software feature viewpoints software layer viewpoints software system architecture understanding Buildings Cities and towns Clustering algorithms Layout Software Software algorithms Visualization Software visualization dependency graph program comprehension software clustering Abstract: To facilitate understanding the architecture of a software system, we developed SArF Map technique that visualizes software architecture from feature and layer viewpoints using a city metaphor. SArF Map visualizes implicit software features using our previous study, SArF dependency-based software clustering algorithm. Since features are high-level abstraction units of software, a generated map can be directly used for high-level decision making such as reuse and also for communications between developers and non-developer stakeholders. In SArF Map, each feature is visualized as a city block, and classes in the feature are laid out as buildings reflecting their software layer. Relevance between features is represented as streets. Dependency links are visualized lucidly. Through open source and industrial case studies, we show that the architecture of the target systems can be easily overviewed and that the quality of their packaging designs can be quickly assessed. Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9486 Author: Aniche, M., Treude, C., Zaidman, A., Deursen, A. v. and Gerosa, M. A. Year of Conference: 2016 Title: SATT: Tailoring Code Metric Thresholds for Different Software Architectures Conference Name: 2016 IEEE 16th International Working Conference on Source Code Analysis and Manipulation (SCAM) Pages: 41-50 Date: 2-3 Oct. 2016 Short Title: SATT: Tailoring Code Metric Thresholds for Different Software Architectures DOI: 10.1109/SCAM.2016.19 Keywords: software architecture software quality SATT code metric analysis software architecture tailored thresholds software system quality system architecture tailoring code metric thresholds Androids Benchmark testing Computer architecture Humanoid robots Measurement Systems architecture Abstract: Code metric analysis is a well-known approach for assessing the quality of a software system. However, current tools and techniques do not take the system architecture (e.g., MVC, Android) into account. This means that all classes are assessed similarly, regardless of their specific responsibilities. In this paper, we propose SATT (Software Architecture Tailored Thresholds), an approach that detects whether an architectural role is considerably different from others in the system in terms of code metrics, and provides a specific threshold for that role. We evaluated our approach on 2 different architectures (MVC and Android) in more than 400 projects. We also interviewed 6 experts in order to explain why some architectural roles are different from others. Our results shows that SATT can overcome issues that traditional approaches have, especially when some architectural role presents very different metric values than others. Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 8120 Author: Lehrig, Sebastian, Eikerling, Hendrik and Becker, Steffen Year: 2015 Title: Scalability, Elasticity, and Efficiency in Cloud Computing: a Systematic Literature Review of Definitions and Metrics Conference Name: Proceedings of the 11th International ACM SIGSOFT Conference on Quality of Software Architectures Conference Location: Montréal, QC, Canada Publisher: ACM Pages: 83-92 DOI: 10.1145/2737182.2737185 Place Published: 2737185 Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 8044 Author: Suzumura, Toyotaro, Yasue, Toshiaki and Onodera, Tamiya Year: 2010 Title: Scalable performance of system S for extract-transform-load processing Conference Name: Proceedings of the 3rd Annual Haifa Experimental Systems Conference Conference Location: Haifa, Israel Publisher: ACM Pages: 1-14 DOI: 10.1145/1815695.1815704 Place Published: 1815704 Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 8823 Author: Jiang, Guo and Yuehong, Liao Year of Conference: 2004 Title: The scheduling algorithms in software architecture modeling Conference Name: Proceedings. 11th IEEE International Conference and Workshop on the Engineering of Computer-Based Systems, 2004. Pages: 36-43 Date: 24-27 May 2004 Short Title: The scheduling algorithms in software architecture modeling DOI: 10.1109/ECBS.2004.1316680 Keywords: formal specification formal verification scheduling software architecture software prototyping software tools Web-based software architecture prototyping system component-based systems design scheduling algorithm software architecture modeling software design Application software Computer architecture Distributed computing Programming profession Software algorithms Software reusability Software systems Abstract: A critical issue for complex component-based systems design is the modeling and analysis of architecture. Architectural specifications of software systems show them as a collection of interrelated components, and constitute what has been called the software architecture level of software design. It is at this level where the description and verification of structural properties of the system are naturally addressed. The scheduling algorithms play important roles in the software architecture modeling. These algorithms can be used to model the performance aspects of the software architecture. We have developed a tool - the Web-based software architecture prototyping system (SAPS) - in a distributed environment to meet the requirements of integrating software components into heterogeneous networks. This paper discusses the scheduling algorithms used in the software architecture modeling. Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9197 Author: Abdouli, M., Sadeg, B. and Amanton, L. Year of Conference: 2005 Title: Scheduling distributed real-time nested transactions Conference Name: Eighth IEEE International Symposium on Object-Oriented Real-Time Distributed Computing (ISORC'05) Pages: 208-215 Date: 18-20 May 2005 Short Title: Scheduling distributed real-time nested transactions ISBN: 1555-0885 DOI: 10.1109/ISORC.2005.49 Keywords: concurrency control distributed databases protocols real-time systems scheduling transaction processing distributed database system distributed scheduling global serializability object-oriented database real-time nested transaction transaction commit protocol Application software CADCAM Computer aided manufacturing Database systems Design automation Object oriented databases Object oriented modeling Software design Abstract: To ensure global serializability, traditional distributed database systems implement both concurrency control and transaction commit protocols. In a distributed database system, a commit protocol guarantees the uniform commitment of distributed transaction execution. In the last decade, several extensions to the transaction model adopted in traditional database systems have been proposed in order to support the functional and performance requirements of emerging advanced applications such as CAD/CAM, large software design projects and object-oriented databases. Nested transaction models have been shown to play an important role in such applications, however, these models are not yet fully studied. In this paper, our contributions in the field of real-time nested transactions are two fold: (i) we propose a hierarchical and flat protocols for real-time nested transactions, called 2PC-RT-NT, and (ii) we implement a lock mechanism, called 2LP-NT-HP, to solve the data conflicts problem between nested transactions. Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8683 Author: Thalman, Nancy E. and Sparn, Thomas P. Year: 1990 Title: Science user resource expert (SURE): A science planning and scheduling assistant for a resource based environment Journal: Telematics and Informatics Volume: 7 Issue: 3–4 Pages: 277-289 Date: // Short Title: Science user resource expert (SURE): A science planning and scheduling assistant for a resource based environment ISSN: 0736-5853 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0736-5853(05)80008-5 Abstract: The Science User Resource Expert (SURE), which is currently being developed by the Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics at the University of Colorado-Boulder, is one of three components composing the Science User Resource Planning and Scheduling System (SURPASS). SURPASS is a software tool enabling distributed planning and scheduling and is based on resource allocation and optimization. SURPASS was written in Ada and uses an X-based DECwindows user interface, the INGRES database management system, and the CLIPS/Ada expert system production shell. SURPASS is designed to support a wide range of science applications and can be easily tailored via database modifications, DECwindows updates, and rule specifications for the SURE system. SURE will be used by the SURPASS to build a daily science plan and activity schedule for the University of Colorado's SOLar-STellar Irradiance Comparison Experiment (SOLSTICE), a solar observing instrument that will fly on the Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite (UARS). The SURE will also be used in a prototyping effort with NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center to demonstrate distributed planning and scheduling for a similar instrument on the Earth Observing System (EOS) platform. This paper describes the goals of the SURE system, the software architecture, issues in development, knowledge acquisition, and the UARS SOLSTICE application. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0736585305800085 Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8552 Author: Upadhyay, Nitin Year: 2016 Title: SDMF: Systematic Decision-making Framework for Evaluation of Software Architecture Journal: Procedia Computer Science Volume: 91 Pages: 599-608 Date: // Short Title: SDMF: Systematic Decision-making Framework for Evaluation of Software Architecture ISSN: 1877-0509 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2016.07.151 Keywords: Decision-making software architecture design decisions pattern software quality TOPSIS Abstract: The software architectural decisions are crucial and critical to the success of a software project life cycle. The set of relevant design decisions affects the quality of the software architecture. In this paper, a systematic decision-making framework is proposed by considering management and organizational factors and design goals/parameters that affect software architecture (SA) and integrating it with the technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS) to evaluate and select the quality software architecture. An illustrative case study is also mentioned to show the applicability of the proposed framework. The framework suggested in the paper should enable an architect and other key stakeholders of the software architecture to efficiently identify, evaluate and select the software architecture. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1877050916313448 Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9266 Author: Telschig, K., Schöffel, N., Schultis, K. B., Elsner, C. and Knapp, A. Year of Conference: 2016 Title: SECO Patterns: Architectural Decision Support in Software Ecosystems Conference Name: 2016 1st International Workshop on Decision Making in Software ARCHitecture (MARCH) Pages: 38-44 Date: 5-5 April 2016 Short Title: SECO Patterns: Architectural Decision Support in Software Ecosystems DOI: 10.1109/MARCH.2016.10 Keywords: decision making decision support systems ecology environmental science computing feature selection software architecture CoCoADvISE SECO patterns architectural decision support high-level architecture software design software ecosystems two-step decision support system Biological system modeling Computer architecture Ecosystems Organizations Software architectural decision decision support system seco pattern Abstract: A software ecosystem challenges the architect through additional considerations, because multiple partners with different interests are involved. Therefore, the perspectives business, organization and high-level architecture need to be taken into account before deriving a detailed software design. In this paper, we present our vision and first results of SECO patterns, which capture solutions for recurring high-level problems in software ecosystems. They can be used standalone, but our vision also includes a two-step decision support system to aid the architect in two complex decisions: At first, it can propose relevant SECO patterns to support feature selection. The proposals are based on the specific characteristics of the software ecosystem of interest, which have to be provided by the architect. In a second step, the decision support system can aid the architect in applying a selected SECO pattern. For this step, we reuse the method and knowledge base of CoCoADvISE to provide guidance on decision making regarding the detailed software architecture. Notes: decision support system Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8546 Author: Münch, H., Engelmann, U., Schröter, A. and Meinzer, H. P. Year: 2005 Title: A secure software architecture for collecting and processing medical image data in centers of excellence Journal: International Congress Series Volume: 1281 Pages: 938-942 Date: 5// Short Title: A secure software architecture for collecting and processing medical image data in centers of excellence ISSN: 0531-5131 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ics.2005.03.216 Keywords: Medical networks Teleradiology Web EPR Pseudonymizing Anonymizing Centers of excellence Abstract: Medical image data is used increasingly both in routine clinical applications as well as in treating rare diseases. In medical consultation work, image data occupies a prominent position alongside other information. Medical networks bundle available medical and scientific resources so that, for example, rare diseases are treated more efficiently and medical care is broadened. To transfer and store data more efficiently, a system was developed that allows users web-based access to central electronic patient files. Data can be uploaded into these files using standard protocols. All data transfers are encrypted and patient-related data is optionally pseudonymized or anonymized before uploading. A central user concept with specific role and user distributions regulates access to the medical information. For viewing image data, a fully functional viewer with extensive functions for image viewing and processing is available. Furthermore, participating partners can conduct synchronized teleconferences on image data. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0531513105004747 Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9192 Author: Reza, H. and Mazumder, N. Year of Conference: 2012 Title: A Secure Software Architecture for Mobile Computing Conference Name: 2012 Ninth International Conference on Information Technology - New Generations Pages: 566-571 Date: 16-18 April 2012 Short Title: A Secure Software Architecture for Mobile Computing DOI: 10.1109/ITNG.2012.122 Keywords: mobile computing operating system kernels security of data software architecture Android Blackberry Windows Mobile iPhone low-end computing system mobile banking mobile operating system mobile purchasing mobile skypeing secure software architecture smart phones system secure Androids Computer architecture Humanoid robots Linux Mobile communication Operating systems Security Security Engineering Abstract: Mobile computing is considered as low-end computing systems. It currently dominates almost all aspects of our lives from mobile banking to mobile purchasing to mobile skypeing, etc. With the increasing demand of smart phones in today's world, making the system secure is very important. Software architecture plays an important role to achieve both functionalities and quality (e.g., security) of a system. This paper surveys the software architecture of five of the leading mobile operating systems such as Android (Linux), Blackberry, iPhone (Mac OS X), Symbian, and Windows Mobile. Our survey study indicates that Android is the most promising of al and identifies security issues with Android. The paper then proposes improved software architecture to resolve these issues. More specifically, our proposed software architecture attempts to enhance the security of Android without comprising it performance. Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 8093 Author: Ond, #345, ej, #352, tumpf, Tom, #225, #353, Bure, #353, Vladim, #237, Mat, r, #283 and na Year: 2015 Title: Security and Trust in Data Sharing Smart Cyber-Physical Systems Conference Name: Proceedings of the 2015 European Conference on Software Architecture Workshops Conference Location: Dubrovnik, Cavtat, Croatia Publisher: ACM Pages: 1-4 DOI: 10.1145/2797433.2797451 Place Published: 2797451 Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 9563 Author: Sassaman, L., Patterson, M. L., Bratus, S. and Locasto, M. E. Year: 2013 Title: Security Applications of Formal Language Theory Journal: IEEE Systems Journal Volume: 7 Issue: 3 Pages: 489-500 Short Title: Security Applications of Formal Language Theory ISSN: 1932-8184 DOI: 10.1109/JSYST.2012.2222000 Keywords: computational complexity formal languages grammars protocols security of data attack surface reduction complex composed systems computing system insecurity formal grammars formal language theory approach input validation message-based interaction parse tree differential attack programming methodology protocol complexity protocol design real-world security flaw security aspects security modeling software design Automata Databases Grammar Security Semantics Language-theoretic security secure composition secure protocol design Abstract: We present a formal language theory approach to improving the security aspects of protocol design and message-based interactions in complex composed systems. We argue that these aspects are responsible for a large share of modern computing systems' insecurity. We show how our approach leads to advances in input validation, security modeling, attack surface reduction, and ultimately, software design and programming methodology. We cite examples based on real-world security flaws in common protocols, representing different classes of protocol complexity. We also introduce a formalization of an exploit development technique, the parse tree differential attack, made possible by our conception of the role of formal grammars in security. We also discuss the negative impact unnecessarily increased protocol complexity has on security. This paper provides a foundation for designing verifiable critical implementation components with considerably less burden to developers than is offered by the current state of the art. In addition, it offers a rich basis for further exploration in the areas of offensive analysis and, conversely, automated defense tools, and techniques. Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9508 Author: Jung, C., Rudolph, M. and Schwarz, R. Year of Conference: 2011 Title: Security Evaluation of Service-oriented Systems with an Extensible Knowledge Base Conference Name: 2011 Sixth International Conference on Availability, Reliability and Security Pages: 698-703 Date: 22-26 Aug. 2011 Short Title: Security Evaluation of Service-oriented Systems with an Extensible Knowledge Base DOI: 10.1109/ARES.2011.109 Keywords: knowledge based systems open systems program diagnostics quality assurance reverse engineering security of data service-oriented architecture software quality software reusability SOA software quality SiSOA business processes extensible knowledge base knowledge base rules reverse-engineering techniques security evaluation security-related information extraction service building blocks service-oriented software architectures service-oriented systems software flexibility software interoperability static security analysis system artifacts IEEE Potentials Prototypes Security Service oriented architecture Tagging architecture-centric software assessment service-oriented architectures Abstract: Service-oriented software architectures promise enhanced interoperability, reusability, and flexibility for the implementation of business processes. However, assuring the quality of SOA software is challenging due to the distributed, inhomogeneous, and often non-transparent nature of service building blocks. Especially security, which is an overarching quality concern of a system, poses a hard problem for quality assurance in a SOA context. We have developed SiSOA, a method for static security analysis of SOA systems based on reverse-engineering techniques to recover the software architecture and to extract security-related information from available system artifacts. In SiSOA, the extraction and aggregation of security facts is controlled by security rules stored in an extensible knowledge base. In this paper, we describe the structure of the SiSOA knowledge base, its underlying principles, and its role within the SiSOA methodology. We briefly survey our SiSOA prototype tool, and we illustrate the application of knowledge base rules with exemplary security scenarios. Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 8898 Author: Khatib, I. A., Pelosi, G., Agosta, G. and Teriö, H. Year of Conference: 2014 Title: Security Integration in Medical Device Design: Extension of an Automated Bio-Medical Engineering Design Methodology Conference Name: 2014 11th International Conference on Information Technology: New Generations Pages: 137-142 Date: 7-9 April 2014 Short Title: Security Integration in Medical Device Design: Extension of an Automated Bio-Medical Engineering Design Methodology DOI: 10.1109/ITNG.2014.95 Keywords: biomedical engineering biomedical equipment hardware-software codesign optimisation security of data Holter device automated biomedical engineering design methodology biomedical applications continuous heart analysis continuous heart monitoring design space hardware architectural parameters hardware-software design process medical device design security integration software optimization Algorithm design and analysis Electrocardiography Measurement Medical services Privacy Security Medical device design methodology Abstract: This paper describes an automated solution for improving the design methodology of bio-medical applications on embedded platform devices with security and privacy guarantees. Besides typical design parameters, the need for security and privacy guarantees at the communication, software and hardware layers further extend the design space. Security and privacy features require expertise in evaluating and deploying solutions which are often specific to the individual application scenario. This makes these concerns hard to take into account in a typical hardware-software design process. We discuss how an existing design workflow can be extended to support the early detection of security and privacy issues, the selection of appropriate countermeasures and their effective integration. We consider the application scenario of continuous heart monitoring and analysis, through employing a Holter device. The design space exploration enacted by our methodology allows solving the conflicting requirements posed by security, software optimization, and hardware architectural parameters, in order to fine tune the overall system design and optimize the desired system metrics. We provide an experimental analysis of the proposed approach, showing a 3X decrease in design time, as well as demonstrating that quality assurance constraints are met. Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 7896 Author: Evesti, Antti, Abie, Habtamu and Savola, Reijo Year: 2014 Title: Security Measuring for Self-adaptive Security Conference Name: Proceedings of the 2014 European Conference on Software Architecture Workshops Conference Location: Vienna, Austria Publisher: ACM Pages: 1-7 DOI: 10.1145/2642803.2642808 Place Published: 2642808 Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9586 Author: Liang, P., Jansen, A. and Avgeriou, P. Year of Conference: 2008 Title: Selecting a High-Quality Central Model for Sharing Architectural Knowledge Conference Name: 2008 The Eighth International Conference on Quality Software Pages: 357-365 Date: 12-13 Aug. 2008 Short Title: Selecting a High-Quality Central Model for Sharing Architectural Knowledge ISBN: 1550-6002 DOI: 10.1109/QSIC.2008.20 Keywords: software architecture software quality system documentation architectural knowledge documentation concept mapping relationships design decisions high-quality central model indirect mapping approach semantic distance Astronomy Computer architecture Context modeling Employment Mathematical model Mathematics Programming Quality management architectural knowledge sharing ontology matching Abstract: In the field of software architecture, there has been a paradigm shift from describing the outcome of architecting process to documenting architectural knowledge (AK), such as design decisions and rationale. To this end, a series of domain models have been proposed for defining the concepts and their relationships in the field of AK. To a large extent, the merit of this new paradigm is derived by sharing and reusing AK across organizations, especially in geographically distributed contexts. However, the employment of different AK domain models by different parties makes effective AK sharing challenging, as it needs to be mapped either from one domain model to another directly, or indirectly through a central model for simplicity when the number of AK models increases. The indirect mapping approach has proved to be a cost-effective way by sacrificing acceptable sharing quality compared with direct mapping approach. However, there exist no criteria for the selection of a high quality central model besides the intuitive judgment by domain experts. In this paper, we propose to tackle this issue by using the concept of semantic distance between AK models, which is calculated using rules based on the concept mapping relationships between the models. A high quality central model is therefore the one with the shortest semantic distance to all potential AK models. Notes: ADD tool Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8657 Author: Broy, Manfred Year: 2005 Title: A semantic and methodological essence of message sequence charts Journal: Science of Computer Programming Volume: 54 Issue: 2–3 Pages: 213-256 Date: 2// Short Title: A semantic and methodological essence of message sequence charts ISSN: 0167-6423 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scico.2004.04.003 Abstract: Message sequence charts (MSCs) are a technique to describe patterns of interaction between the components of interactive distributed systems by specific interaction diagrams. MSCs have evolved in telecommunication applications, defined as a standard, and have become very popular in the design of software architectures and, generally, of distributed or object-oriented software systems. They are used frequently to describe scenarios of interactions illustrating instances of use cases. Nevertheless, both the semantics of MSCs as a technique of specification and their methodological and technical role in the development process have not been precisely and sufficiently clarified, so far. Also their formalization, although tackled by a number of papers, is not well focused with respect to their methodological usage. In this paper, we suggest a semantic model for MSCs in terms of logical propositions characterizing stream-processing functions. This formalization allows us to apply MSCs as an intuitively clear specification technique with a precisely defined meaning. The MSCs provide, in particular, specifications for the components of a system. Our approach is in contrast to other semantic models for MSCs suggested in the literature (see Ladkin, Leue, in: R.L. Tenney et al. (Eds.), Formal Description Techniques VI, North-Holland, 1994, pp. 301–316, and Formal Aspects of Computing 7 (1995) 473–509) where the meaning of MSCs is explained using state transition machines or traces. We define the meaning of MSCs in a more abstract way by a logical technique specifying the components of a system. By this approach MSCs are used for the decomposition of systems into components. Along these lines, we discuss the systematic application of MSCs in the software development process. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167642304000802 Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 8371 Author: Belaid, Nabil, Ait-Ameur, Yamine, Jean-Fran, #231 and Rainaud, ois Year: 2009 Title: A semantic handling of geological modeling workflows Conference Name: Proceedings of the International Conference on Management of Emergent Digital EcoSystems Conference Location: France Publisher: ACM Pages: 83-90 DOI: 10.1145/1643823.1643840 Place Published: 1643840 Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 8895 Author: Abdelmoez, W., Ibrahim, M., Omar, M. A. and Ammar, H. H. Year of Conference: 2012 Title: Sensitivity analysis of maintainability-based risk factors for software architectures Conference Name: 2012 8th International Conference on Informatics and Systems (INFOS) Pages: SE-29-SE-36 Date: 14-16 May 2012 Short Title: Sensitivity analysis of maintainability-based risk factors for software architectures Keywords: risk analysis software architecture software maintenance evolving complex architecture maintainability-based risk factors sensitivity analysis software architectures software development paradigms software engineering Command and control systems Educational institutions Informatics Maintenance engineering Architectural Attributes Maintainability-Based Risk Abstract: Software architecture is a key discipline in software engineering as it performs a central role in many modern software development paradigms. For an evolving complex architecture, assessing the change impact for the components considering all maintenance scenarios is a difficult problem. In this paper, we present a methodology to conduct sensitivity analysis of maintainability-based risk factors for software architectures. The methodology can assist the software architect to determine the components with the least change impact. Two case studies are used to illustrate the methodology. Results show that only small subset of components are highly sensitive to change. Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9311 Author: Adrian, R. A. Year of Conference: 1993 Title: Sensor management Conference Name: [1993 Proceedings] AIAA/IEEE Digital Avionics Systems Conference Pages: 32-37 Date: 25-28 Oct 1993 Short Title: Sensor management DOI: 10.1109/DASC.1993.283575 Keywords: aerospace computer control aerospace computing aircraft instrumentation computer architecture distributed processing fault tolerant computing hierarchical systems intelligent control military computing military systems reliability sensor fusion Air Force Pave PACE program Pave PACE integrated sensor adaptability avionics architecture fighter aircraft hierarchical sensor manager inference engine integrated sensor manager post-2000 aircraft remote locations software architecture tactical air warfare Aerospace electronics Automatic control Availability Costs Maintenance Military aircraft Sensor systems Weapons Abstract: In the next century, tactical air warfare will demand that fighter aircraft fly more sorties per day from austere or remote locations around the world with little or no logistics or maintenance support. To meet this demand, avionics must have greater functionality, adaptability, reliability and availability. The Air Force Pave PACE program, which began in 1990, is defining and developing the next generation avionics architecture for post-2000 aircraft. A key component of the software architecture is the “sensor manager”, the software function which directs the operation of the Pave PACE integrated sensor suite. We look at the role of the integrated sensor manager in the Pave PACE avionics architecture, focusing on the operational issues which influence its design. Also a hierarchical sensor manager design is described which addresses these issues Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 8917 Author: Prabhakar, T. V., Rao, N. V. C., Sujay, M. S., Panchard, J., Jamadagni, H. S. and Pittet, A. Year of Conference: 2007 Title: Sensor Network Deployment For Agronomical Data Gathering in Semi-Arid Regions Conference Name: 2007 2nd International Conference on Communication Systems Software and Middleware Pages: 1-6 Date: 7-12 Jan. 2007 Short Title: Sensor Network Deployment For Agronomical Data Gathering in Semi-Arid Regions DOI: 10.1109/COMSWA.2007.382457 Keywords: agricultural engineering data analysis environmental science computing operating systems (computers) software architecture software packages wireless sensor networks COTS hardware TinyOS agronomical data gathering network environmental data collection flash memory corruption semi-arid region software tool wireless sensor network deployment Density measurement Humidity Packaging Software measurement Software tools Soil moisture Temperature sensors Antenna masts MICA2 motes Sensor deployment Abstract: We share our experience in planning, designing and deploying a wireless sensor network of one square kilometre area. Environmental data such as soil moisture, temperature, barometric pressure, and relative humidity are collected in this area situated in the semi-arid region of Karnataka, India. It is a hope that information derived from this data will benefit the marginal farmer towards improving his farming practices. Soon after establishing the need for such a project, we begin by showing the big picture of such a data gathering network, the software architecture we have used, the range measurements needed for determining the sensor density, and the packaging issues that seem to play a crucial role in field deployments. Our field deployment experiences include designing with intermittent grid power, enhancing software tools to aid quicker and effective deployment, and flash memory corruption. The first results on data gathering look encouraging. Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9144 Author: Poirot, P. e., Ren, S., Nogiec, J. and Tsai, J. Year of Conference: 2006 Title: Separating Functional and Non-functional Concerns through Coordination: An Application to Reliability Conference Name: 30th Annual International Computer Software and Applications Conference (COMPSAC'06) Volume: 2 Pages: 63-66 Date: 17-21 Sept. 2006 Short Title: Separating Functional and Non-functional Concerns through Coordination: An Application to Reliability ISBN: 0730-3157 DOI: 10.1109/COMPSAC.2006.163 Keywords: middleware object-oriented programming software architecture software reliability Actor Architecture Actor model component dynamicity component-based coordination computational components computational coordinators distributed system functional concerns nonfunctional concerns nonfunctional requirements reliability constraints role-based coordination system dependability Application software Computer architecture Computer science Control systems Laboratories Monitoring Power system reliability Software maintenance System testing Vehicle detection Abstract: This paper presents a software architecture that ensures system dependability through external coordination. Under this architecture, a distributed system is decomposed into two types of entities, i.e., computational components and coordinators. The system's computational functionalities are carried out by computational components, whereas coordinators are to coordinate these computational components to respect the system's non-functional requirements, such as reliability constraints. Coordination in the system is done implicitly through intercepting, rerouting and suppressing communications between components. Additionally, roles are introduced into the system to bridge the connection between components and coordinators. Roles abstract the non-functional behaviors shared by computational components. Thus role-based coordination is more scalable than individual component-based coordination. Additionally, the dynamicity of components is concealed from the coordinators by the roles. A proof of concept implementation is built on top of the Actor Architecture, a middleware for distributed systems based on the Actor model by G. Aghal et al. (1997), The results show that not only such separation is feasible, but also that the architecture allows us to better control the dependability of the system. Finally, the application developed based on the proposed model is more modularized and consequently more reusable Notes: System structure Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9011 Author: Yang, L., Hu, Z. and Long, J. Year of Conference: 2010 Title: Service of Searching and Ranking in a Semantic-Based Expert Information System Conference Name: 2010 IEEE Asia-Pacific Services Computing Conference Pages: 609-614 Date: 6-10 Dec. 2010 Short Title: Service of Searching and Ranking in a Semantic-Based Expert Information System DOI: 10.1109/APSCC.2010.64 Keywords: expert systems inference mechanisms information retrieval information retrieval systems information storage ontologies (artificial intelligence) project management semantic Web software architecture Esoogle TOPSIS assessment model authoritative experts expert information ontology expert scientific capability knowledge reasoning professional experts project evaluation project quality ranking service reasoning rules semantic reasoning semantic-based expert information system semantic-based information service system semantic-based reasoning semantic-based searching service Cognition Engines Information systems OWL Ontologies Semantics expert information service ontology ranking semantic semantic-based search Abstract: Selecting professional and authoritative experts to evaluate projects is an essential process in order to assure the quality of projects. In this paper, we present a semantic-based expert information system, which search for expert information based on semantic and knowledge reasoning, and rank the search results according to the scientific capability of experts. We design software architecture for semantic-based information service system (Esoogle). Expert information ontology is defined to store the information of experts, and reasoning rules are defined for semantic-based reasoning. Assessment model based on TOPSIS is built to estimate the scientific capability for ranking. Applications show Esoogle improves the recall and precision of semantic-based searching service compared to the traditional systems and ranking service is helpful for the users to select suitable experts quickly. Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9127 Author: Santos, C., Junior, J., Soares, A., Carneiro, N., Araújo, T., Miranda, B. and Serique, B. Year of Conference: 2015 Title: Service Oriented Architecture for Data Visualization in Smart Devices Conference Name: 2015 19th International Conference on Information Visualisation Pages: 561-567 Date: 22-24 July 2015 Short Title: Service Oriented Architecture for Data Visualization in Smart Devices ISBN: 1550-6037 DOI: 10.1109/iV.2015.99 Keywords: Web services application program interfaces data visualisation service-oriented architecture Java PRISMA REST SOA Web API Web service architectural communication model data visualization generator engine domain-specific data visualizations information visualization tool knowledge-sharing network representational state transfer style service aggregation design service aggregation development service oriented architecture smart devices Context Data visualization Pipelines Servers Unified modeling language Visualization Information Visualization Software Architecture Abstract: The Internet has played an important role as a knowledge-sharing network and in this context some service oriented architecture (SOA) applications have emerged in all kind of study fields. Therefore, this work aims the design and development of a service aggregation that will favor ubiquity and pervasiveness in data visualization applications, allowing users to build domain-specific data visualizations in an easy and intuitive way. With this kind of service, it is possible to build data visualization applications for different smart devices such as smartphones, tablets, desktop, smart TV's, etc. A Web API that supports the main functionalities of an information visualization tool in different platforms has been proposed to reaches these purposes. The REST (Representational State Transfer) Style has been employed in the service conception as the architectural communication model. Client-side and server-side applications were developed using Java with a data visualization generator engine called PRISMA. Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9611 Author: Hamada, T. Year of Conference: 1998 Title: Service session security in TINA-dynamic role creation and management in TWA service environment Conference Name: Enabling Technologies: Infrastructure for Collaborative Enterprises, 1998. (WET ICE '98) Proceedings., Seventh IEEE International Workshops on Pages: 365-370 Date: 17-19 Jun 1998 Short Title: Service session security in TINA-dynamic role creation and management in TWA service environment DOI: 10.1109/ENABL.1998.725719 Keywords: algebraic specification authorisation information networks message authentication multimedia systems object-oriented programming TINA TWA service environment Telecommunication Information Network Architecture complex service environment dynamic role creation dynamic service environment federation high-speed multimedia application development role class hierarchy role mapping security management security space representation service session service session security software architecture specifications static security analysis strongly-rolled system Access control Application software Authentication Computer architecture Cryptography Environmental management Information security Intelligent networks Protection Abstract: Telecommunication Information Network Architecture (TINA) is a software architecture, which provides a set of specifications for the development of high-speed multimedia applications. Security management in the TINA service environment is studied in detail. To cope with federation and composition of service sessions, a dynamic role creation scheme from role class hierarchy is proposed. In combination with security space representation, algebraic specification of roles creates a new, composite role. A strongly-rolled system and role mapping between federated domains are proposed, which, in combination with dynamic role creation and algebraic role specification, will enable static security analysis of a complex, dynamic service environment Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9119 Author: Jaeger, R. Year of Conference: 2001 Title: Set-top box software architectures for digital video broadcast and interactive services Conference Name: Conference Proceedings of the 2001 IEEE International Performance, Computing, and Communications Conference (Cat. No.01CH37210) Pages: 287-292 Date: Apr 2001 Short Title: Set-top box software architectures for digital video broadcast and interactive services DOI: 10.1109/IPCCC.2001.918665 Keywords: Internet Java application program interfaces digital video broadcasting multimedia systems software architecture telecommunication computing television equipment user interfaces Internet connectivity Java language application download mechanism d-box digital television digital video broadcast digital video broadcasting networks home shopping inter-process communication interactive services layered software approach monolithic software structure multimedia services native application programming interface set-top box software architectures user interface dialog Application software Digital TV IP networks US Department of Transportation Web and internet services Writing Abstract: Consumer and business demand for multimedia services has led to a proliferation of solutions that provide a wide range of services such as digital television, Internet connectivity and others. Set-top boxes (STB), the consumer device employed in digital video broadcasting networks, are mainly used for digital television reception and also for interactive services such as Internet access or home shopping. This paper presents the software architecture of two generations of STBs called the d-box. The first generation of the d-box has a monolithic software structure with a native application programming interface. In particular we discuss the application download mechanism in detail. With the introduction of Java language and a layered software approach it is possible to reach both goals, namely writing system independent applications and adapting to new hardware platform without a significant change in the d-box software. The second part of the paper discusses the software architecture of the second generation of the d-box focusing upon the employed inter-process communication. In addition an example of a user interface dialog for the set-up is presented taking into account that both novices as well as experts are every day users of the d-box Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9626 Author: Hong, Liu and Xiyu, Liu Year of Conference: 2001 Title: Sharing learning in a cooperative design system Conference Name: Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work in Design (IEEE Cat. No.01EX472) Pages: 169-174 Date: 2001 Short Title: Sharing learning in a cooperative design system DOI: 10.1109/CSCWD.2001.942252 Keywords: cooperative systems design engineering intelligent design assistants knowledge representation learning (artificial intelligence) software agents software architecture complex problem solving computer based design support systems cooperative design system design activity model design agent future computer supported design systems knowledge refinement process learning mechanism past design examples real design activity sharing learning process Algorithm design and analysis Computer science Genetic algorithms Learning systems Machine learning Power generation Problem-solving Process design Abstract: Design is a complex problem solving and knowledge refinement process. Learning is a part of this process that can improve computer based design support systems by using the knowledge representing the experience and expertise of designers. Learning from past design examples, and learning new knowledge during the process of design are closely related activities that must be supported by future computer supported design systems. The paper analyses real design activity and proposes a model of design activity. Then it presents the software architecture of a design agent with learning mechanism. Subsequently, it introduces the knowledge representation in a design system. Finally, the paper presents a sharing learning process in a cooperative design system Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8534 Author: Hartmann, E. A. and Westerwick, A. Year: 1998 Title: Shopfloor Systems Based on Human Skill and Experience Journal: IFAC Proceedings Volumes Volume: 31 Issue: 26 Pages: 95-100 Date: 9// Short Title: Shopfloor Systems Based on Human Skill and Experience ISSN: 1474-6670 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S1474-6670(17)40075-9 Keywords: Organisational factors Human Oriented Design CNC Work Planning Systems Abstract: New organisational concepts in manufacturing - e.g. groupwork - imply changing roles and tasks for shopfloor employees. The importance of Human Oriented Design increases as human experience and skill becomes the core focus of group-oriented work organisation. The concept of socio-technical systems can give a theoretical framework for the derivation of design guidelines within the context of groupwork-oriented technology design. Three examples of technological systems for shopfloor applications - a CNC controller, a shopfloor information system and a work planning system - are described which were designed to meet these guidelines. Some methodological remarks on co-operative software design are added. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1474667017400759 Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9177 Author: Salle, P. de le and Ouabdesselam, F. Year of Conference: 1988 Title: SIAM, expert system for software maintenance Conference Name: Second IEE/BCS Conference: Software Engineering, 1988 Software Engineering 88. Pages: 107-111 Date: 11-15 Jul 1988 Short Title: SIAM, expert system for software maintenance Abstract: The SIAM expert system implements a specific knowledge model for software maintenance. The tool is designed to help the maintenance of a distributed terminal controller. The knowledge base which is defined with a full screen knowledge editor, reflects the software architecture. The inference engine reflects the reasoning activity of any maintenance expert Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 9402 Author: Zhang, E. Z., Jiang, Y. and Shen, X. Year: 2012 Title: The Significance of CMP Cache Sharing on Contemporary Multithreaded Applications Journal: IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems Volume: 23 Issue: 2 Pages: 367-374 Short Title: The Significance of CMP Cache Sharing on Contemporary Multithreaded Applications ISSN: 1045-9219 DOI: 10.1109/TPDS.2011.130 Keywords: cache storage multi-threading multiprocessing systems CMP cache sharing chip multiprocessor interthread cache contention multithreaded application parallelism program execution shared cache design shared cache management software design software-hardware mismatch source code transformation Arrays Benchmark testing Instruction sets Libraries Message systems Systematics Shared cache chip multiprocessors. parallel program optimizations thread scheduling Abstract: Cache sharing on modern Chip Multiprocessors (CMPs) reduces communication latency among corunning threads, and also causes interthread cache contention. Most previous studies on the influence of cache sharing have concentrated on the design or management of shared cache. The observed influence is often constrained by the reliance on simulators, the use of out-of-date benchmarks, or the limited coverage of deciding factors. This paper describes a systematic measurement of the influence with most of the potentially important factors covered. The measurement shows some surprising results. Contrary to commonly perceived importance of cache sharing, neither positive nor negative effects from the cache sharing are significant for most of the program executions in the PARSEC benchmark suite, regardless of the types of parallelism, input data sets, architectures, numbers of threads, and assignments of threads to cores. After a detailed analysis, we find that the main reason is the mismatch between the software design (and compilation) of multithreaded applications and CMP architectures. By performing source code transformations on the programs in a cache-sharing-aware manner, we observe up to 53 percent performance increase when the threads are placed on cores appropriately, confirming the software-hardware mismatch as a main reason for the observed insignificance of the influence from cache sharing, and indicating the important role of cache-sharing-aware transformations-a topic only sporadically studied so far-for exerting the power of shared cache. Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9034 Author: Bisset, K. R., Deodhar, S., Makkapati, H., Marathe, M. V., Stretz, P. and Barrett, C. L. Year of Conference: 2013 Title: Simfrastructure: A Flexible and Adaptable Middleware Platform for Modeling and Analysis of Socially Coupled Systems Conference Name: 2013 13th IEEE/ACM International Symposium on Cluster, Cloud, and Grid Computing Pages: 506-513 Date: 13-16 May 2013 Short Title: Simfrastructure: A Flexible and Adaptable Middleware Platform for Modeling and Analysis of Socially Coupled Systems DOI: 10.1109/CCGrid.2013.78 Keywords: computational complexity data acquisition decision making digital simulation health care middleware parallel processing socio-economic effects ubiquitous computing user interfaces Simfrastructure adaptable middleware platform back-end systems built-in analytics-as-a-service platform data acquisition systems data repository economic networks flexible coordination middleware flexible middleware platform front-end systems high end computational resource access high performance computing high-end computing resources infrastructure networks integrated modeling environments interdependent networks intuitive user interfaces multiplexing mechanism organizational networks pervasive computing physical networks public health epidemiology simulation execution social networks socially coupled system analysis socially coupled system modeling Analytical models Computational modeling Computer architecture Data models Data transfer Libraries Socially coupled systems distributed systems software architecture Abstract: Socially coupled systems are comprised of interdependent social, organizational, economic, infrastructure and physical networks. Today's urban regions serve as an excellent example of such systems. People and institutions confront the implications of the increasing scale of information becoming available due to a combination of advances in pervasive computing, data acquisition systems as well as high performance computing. Integrated modeling and decision making environments are necessary to support planning, analysis and counter factual experiments to study these complex systems. Here, we describe SIMFRASTRUCTURE - a flexible coordination middleware that supports high performance computing oriented decision and analytics environments to study socially coupled systems. Simfrastructure provides a multiplexing mechanism by which simple and intuitive user-interfaces can be plugged in as front-end systems, and high-end computing resources can be plugged in as back-end systems for execution. This makes the computational complexity of the simulations completely transparent to the users. The decoupling of user interfaces and data repository from simulation execution allows users to access simulation results asynchronously and enables them to add new datasets and simulation models dynamically. Simfrastructure enables implementation of a simple yet powerful modeling environment with built-in analytics-as-a service platform, which provides seamless access to high end computational resources, through an intuitive interface for studying socially coupled systems. We illustrate the applicability of Simfrastructure in the context of an integrated modeling environment to study public health epidemiology. Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9529 Author: Yuan, Gao, Cheng, Yao and Changping, Zhu Year of Conference: 2010 Title: Simulation experiment software: Design method and application cases Conference Name: 2010 International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Education (ICAIE) Pages: 703-707 Date: 29-30 Oct. 2010 Short Title: Simulation experiment software: Design method and application cases DOI: 10.1109/ICAIE.2010.5641039 Keywords: design of experiments educational administrative data processing software engineering teaching transmission line theory analog communication system educational software experiment teaching philosophy learner centered pedagogue simulation experiment software teacher centered pedagogue teaching philosophy Computational modeling Frequency modulation MATLAB Mathematical model Radio frequency design method education simulation software Abstract: The simulation experiment software, as an educational software, plays an important role in the realization of the experiment teaching philosophy-from teacher centered to learner centered pedagogues. In order to solve the problem of how to design and complete a simulation experiment software, the design method is given in this paper. In this method, the first thing is to know clearly the purpose of simulation experiments. Secondly the key of the method is to carefully design the experiment content which will be simulated. Finally, select the software tools according to simulated experiments and convenient operation for students. Through two application cases, analog communication system simulation experiment software and transmission line theory simulation experiment software, the design process of simulation experiment software, such as understanding the characteristics of simulation experiment, designing the content of simulation experiment and selecting the software tools, is introduced. The design method of simulation experiment software is also proved to be effective in these two application cases. Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8787 Author: Gentzler, G. and Conlon, M. Year: 1985 Title: Simulation of a Multiprocessor Switching System Using Model Aggregation Journal: IEEE Transactions on Communications Volume: 33 Issue: 4 Pages: 325-329 Short Title: Simulation of a Multiprocessor Switching System Using Model Aggregation ISSN: 0090-6778 DOI: 10.1109/TCOM.1985.1096307 Keywords: Communication switching Multiprocessing Switching, communication Analytical models Application software Costs Multiprocessing systems Multitasking Operating systems Performance analysis Software design Switching systems Testing Abstract: Multiprocessor systems find wide application in telecommunications. Simulation techniques are often incorporated in the performance analysis of these systems. Simulation models enable an operating system to be represented in detail, e.g., multitasking, message handling, and concurrent processing. This level of detail is useful in evaluating software design. However, the complexity of such models can lead to costly simulations. Aggregation techniques can often be used to reduce model complexity. Aggregation typically involves the representation of only part of the system in detail, i.e., the primary subsystem. The remainder of the system is represented by a simplified composite. Parametric analysis is performed on the primary subsystem. The role of the composite is to introduce interactive effects to the primary subsystem. Aggregation techniques are accurate for certain classes of analytic models. The purpose of this study is to apply aggregation to the simulation model of a multiprocessor switching system. A model for real-time performance evaluation is described. An aggregation technique is derived from basic queueing models. The accuracy of the aggregated model is assessed through the simulation of realistic test cases. The results demonstrate that good accuracy can be obtained with aggregation. Substantial simulation cost savings are also demonstrated. Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8445 Author: Karacal, S. Cem Year: 1998 Title: Simulation of hierarchical manufacturing control Journal: Computers & Industrial Engineering Volume: 35 Issue: 1–2 Pages: 339-342 Date: 10// Short Title: Simulation of hierarchical manufacturing control ISSN: 0360-8352 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0360-8352(98)00089-8 Keywords: Manufacturing system simulation knowledge based simulation object oriented modeling Abstract: This paper addresses a new unified framework for simulation that includes both physical and decision making processes of manufacturing systems. The developed methodology uses a state-space representation based simulation-modeling formalism along with object oriented software design. The modularity of user's conceptual model in terms of physical and decision making entities with their programmed and non-programmed decisions and the capability of modeling these entities and processes at different hierarchical levels can vastly improves simulation's role as a decision making tool. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0360835298000898 Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9521 Author: Sims-Knight, J. E., Upchurch, R. L. and Fortier, P. Year of Conference: 2005 Title: A Simulation Task to Assess Students ’ Design Process Skill Conference Name: Proceedings Frontiers in Education 35th Annual Conference Pages: F4G-F4G Date: 19-22 Oct. 2005 Short Title: A Simulation Task to Assess Students ’ Design Process Skill ISBN: 0190-5848 DOI: 10.1109/FIE.2005.1612150 Keywords: computer science education design engineering educational administrative data processing educational courses computer-based simulation task course-based assessment design process skill assessment objective scoring system Art Computational modeling Computer simulation Continuous improvement Information science Process design Psychology Software design Sufficient conditions Assessment Design Process Simulation Abstract: Research has shown that the quality of one's design process is an important ingredient in expertise. Assessing design process skill typically requires a performance assessment in which students are observed (either directly or by videotape) completing a design and assessed using an objective scoring system. This is impractical in course-based assessment. As an alternative, we developed a computer-based simulation task, in which the student respondent "watches" a team develop a design (in this instance a software design) and makes recommendations as to how they should proceed. The specific issues assessed by the simulation were drawn from the research literature. For each issue the student is asked to describe, in words, what the team should do next and then asked to choose among alternatives that the "team" has generated. Thus, the task can be scored qualitatively and quantitatively. The paper describes the task and its uses in course-based assessment Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 8097 Author: Dajsuren, Yanja, Brand, Mark G.J. van den, Serebrenik, Alexander and Roubtsov, Serguei Year: 2013 Title: Simulink models are also software: modularity assessment Conference Name: Proceedings of the 9th international ACM Sigsoft conference on Quality of software architectures Conference Location: Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada Publisher: ACM Pages: 99-106 DOI: 10.1145/2465478.2465482 Place Published: 2465482 Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9362 Author: Crowley, J. L. Year of Conference: 2005 Title: Situated Observation of Human Activity Conference Name: Computer Vision for Interactive and Intelligent Environment (CVIIE'05) Pages: 97-108 Date: 17-18 Nov. 2005 Short Title: Situated Observation of Human Activity DOI: 10.1109/CVIIE.2005.18 Keywords: Communications technology Computer vision Encoding Humans Information technology Production Real time systems Software architecture Streaming media Video recording Abstract: Many human activities follow a loosely defined script in which individuals assume roles. Encoding such scripts in a formal representation makes it possible to build systems that observe and understand human activity. In this paper, we first present a conceptual framework in which scripts for human activity are described as scenarios composed of actors and objects within a network of situations. We provide formal definitions for the underlying concepts for situation models, and then propose a layered, component-based, software architecture model for constructings systems to observe human activity. Both the conceptual framework and architectural model are illustrated with a system for real-time composition of a synchronized audio-video streams for recording activity within a meeting or lecture. Notes: Systems to observe human behavior Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9128 Author: Steinmetz, F. and Weitschat, R. Year of Conference: 2016 Title: Skill parametrization approaches and skill architecture for human-robot interaction Conference Name: 2016 IEEE International Conference on Automation Science and Engineering (CASE) Pages: 280-285 Date: 21-25 Aug. 2016 Short Title: Skill parametrization approaches and skill architecture for human-robot interaction DOI: 10.1109/COASE.2016.7743419 Keywords: batch processing (industrial) batch production systems control engineering computing human-robot interaction industrial robots production engineering computing robot programming software architecture industrial manufacturing low-batch-production robotic skill architecture robotic skill parametrization software module Fasteners Observers Programming Service robots Software Abstract: There is an ongoing shift in industries from mass production to low-batch-production with highly individualized goods. This increases the programming effort required for the producing machines and robots, which is currently carried out by robot experts. For keeping the production economical, new programming approaches are required, allowing shop-floor workers to instruct robots. One approach is to develop robotic skills, which are pre-programmed software modules that only need to be parametrized by the shop-floor user. In this paper, a new software architecture for robot skills is presented, which aims at robustness and human-robot interaction. In addition, four basic demands on the skill parametrization are described that fasten up the process and increase intuitiveness for the user. We give several examples and implement a screwing skill and a pick & place skill, which are demonstrated in two case studies. Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8194 Author: Petrus, Edwin S. Year: 1993 Title: SKILL: a Lisp based extension language Journal: SIGPLAN Lisp Pointers Volume: VI Issue: 3 Pages: 71-79 Short Title: SKILL: a Lisp based extension language ISSN: 1045-3563 DOI: 10.1145/174169.174185 Legal Note: 174185 Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 8195 Author: Petrus, Edwin S. Year: 1993 Title: SKILL: a Lisp based extension language Conference Name: Proceedings of the third international conference on Lisp users and vendors Conference Location: Cambridge, Massachusetts Publisher: ACM Pages: 71-79 DOI: 10.1145/1040032.174185 Place Published: 174185 Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 8085 Author: Wirfs-Brock, Rebecca Jordan Year: 2010 Title: Skills for the agile designer: seeing, shaping and discussing design ideas Conference Name: Proceedings of the ACM international conference companion on Object oriented programming systems languages and applications companion Conference Location: Reno/Tahoe, Nevada, USA Publisher: ACM Pages: 323-326 DOI: 10.1145/1869542.1869630 Place Published: 1869630 Abstract: Agile teams incrementally develop solutions. So the pace of design work can be more intense and episodic. Agile designers need to be able to quickly see the essence of a problem and shape reasonable solutions. And when ideas don't pan out or require-ments shift, they must be comfortable revising their designs. This SPLASH tutorial introduces several techniques and some vocabu-lary for sharing design ideas, characterizing (and then designing to accommodate) variability, responding to design advice, and track-ing design work and technical debt. Notes: tutorial Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8408 Author: Barns, Sarah Title: Smart cities and urban data platforms: Designing interfaces for smart governance Journal: City, Culture and Society Short Title: Smart cities and urban data platforms: Designing interfaces for smart governance ISSN: 1877-9166 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ccs.2017.09.006 Keywords: Open data Smart cities Urban governance Strategic planning Abstract: The proliferation of smart city policies worldwide in recent years has seen digital infrastructure, urban data and software design play increasingly central roles in the contemporary governance of the city. This article addresses the role of urban data platforms in supporting the delivery of smart city initiatives by city governments, with a view to establishing a typology for effective strategic investments in urban data interfaces aligned to governance objectives. Drawing on a range of different interfaces and approaches, the article discusses the proliferation of urban data platforms through a set of distinct functions and typologies. The discussion aims to position urban data platforms as key sites for the development of new governance models for smart cities, and forums in which decision-makers, researchers, urbanists and technologists seek to test the potentials and pitfalls of data-driven methodologies in addressing a range of contemporary urban challenges. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1877916617302047 Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 8962 Author: Wang, W. Q., Zhang, X., Zhang, J. and Lim, H. B. Year of Conference: 2012 Title: Smart Traffic Cloud: An Infrastructure for Traffic Applications Conference Name: 2012 IEEE 18th International Conference on Parallel and Distributed Systems Pages: 822-827 Date: 17-19 Dec. 2012 Short Title: Smart Traffic Cloud: An Infrastructure for Traffic Applications ISBN: 1521-9097 DOI: 10.1109/ICPADS.2012.134 Keywords: cloud computing data handling ontologies (artificial intelligence) parallel processing Map-Reduce framework hosted applications mobile phones ontology database parallel data analysis parallel data management real time traffic map sensor technologies smart traffic cloud storage resources traffic applications infrastructure traffic related applications wireless network infrastructure Distributed databases Global Positioning System Ontologies Real-time systems Roads Smart phones Vehicles Participatory sensing data management software architecture Abstract: With rapid development of sensor technologies and wireless network infrastructure, research and development of traffic related applications, such as real time traffic map and on-demand travel route recommendation have attracted much more attentions than ever before. Both archived and real-time data involved in these applications could potentially be very big, depending on the number of deployed sensors. Emerging Cloud infrastructure can elastically handle such big data and conveniently providing nearly unlimited computing and storage resources to hosted applications, to carry out analysis not only for long-term planning and decision making, but also analytics for near real-time decision support. In this paper, we propose Smart Traffic Cloud, a software infrastructure to enable traffic data acquisition, and manage, analyze and present the results in a flexible, scalable and secure manner using a Cloud platform. The proposed infrastructure handles distributed and parallel data management and analysis using ontology database and the popular Map-Reduce framework. We have prototyped the infrastructure in a commercial Cloud platform and we developed a real-time traffic condition map using data collected from commuters' mobile phones. Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9357 Author: Jolevski, I., Markoski, A. and Pasic, R. Year of Conference: 2011 Title: Smart vehicle sensing and classification node with energy aware vehicle classification algorithm Conference Name: Proceedings of the ITI 2011, 33rd International Conference on Information Technology Interfaces Pages: 409-414 Date: 27-30 June 2011 Short Title: Smart vehicle sensing and classification node with energy aware vehicle classification algorithm ISBN: 1330-1012 Keywords: enhanced magnetoresistance image classification magnetic sensors magnetometers road vehicles traffic information systems anisotropic magneto resistive battery optimization classification node energy aware vehicle classification algorithm hardware design smart vehicle sensing software design used AMR magnetic sensor Vehicle detection classification expert system magnetometer traffic surveillance Abstract: This paper presents hardware and software design of a smart vehicle sensing and classification node with implemented energy aware classification algorithm. The classification algorithm works heuristic and in less computational steps thus conserving power for better battery optimization and longer usage of the sensing node. The hardware design of the sensing node and used AMR magnetic sensor can be used in very different environments with great accuracy. Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9575 Author: Adolf, D., Ferranti, E. and Koch, S. Year of Conference: 2012 Title: SmartScript - a domain-specific language for appliance control in Smart Grids Conference Name: 2012 IEEE Third International Conference on Smart Grid Communications (SmartGridComm) Pages: 465-470 Date: 5-8 Nov. 2012 Short Title: SmartScript - a domain-specific language for appliance control in Smart Grids DOI: 10.1109/SmartGridComm.2012.6486028 Keywords: building management systems demand side management home automation smart meters smart phones smart power grids software agents software architecture solar cells specification languages DSL KNX building automation system SmartScript appliance control autoconfiguring agent-based software architecture demand side smart grid control domain-specific language electrical engineering energy-aware algorithms smartphone interface solar panels voice-controlled building automation system Automation Buildings Home appliances Protocols Smart grids Software Abstract: This paper describes an auto-configuring agent based software architecture connecting appliances, smart meters, solar panels, and a KNX building automation system, resulting in a complete demand-side smart grid. The agents are responsible for providing access to all datapoints in the system as well as sending commands to the active components. To control the system, a domain-specific language (DSL) called SmartScript was developed, whose benefits are twofold. The first one is to provide users, experts in electrical engineering and/or building automation but not in software systems, with a high level tool which they can use to control a demand-side smart grid. The second benefit is to provide a layer to implement and test quickly and effectively energy-aware algorithms without having to deal with all the underlying connections. Finally, some demo applications created using SmartScript (i.e., smartphone interface, voice-controlled building automation system) are presented in this work, in order to give an example of how SmartScript can be used. Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 8978 Author: Tran, M. H., Han, J. and Colman, A. Year of Conference: 2009 Title: Social context: Supporting interaction awareness in ubiquitous environments Conference Name: 2009 6th Annual International Mobile and Ubiquitous Systems: Networking & Services, MobiQuitous Pages: 1-10 Date: 13-16 July 2009 Short Title: Social context: Supporting interaction awareness in ubiquitous environments DOI: 10.4108/ICST.MOBIQUITOUS2009.6835 Keywords: social aspects of automation software architecture ubiquitous computing automotive telematics systems interaction awareness loosely-coupled roles socially context-aware ubiquitous computing environments Automotive engineering Collaboration Computer Society Computer architecture Context awareness Context modeling Contracts Pervasive computing Telematics Context-awareness SOA adaptation social context Abstract: In ubiquitous computing environments, certain entities (or actors) often need to interact with each other in achieving a joint goal in a dynamically changing context. To perform such interactions in a seamless manner, the actors need to be aware of not only their physical context (e.g. location) but also their changing relationships with respect to the particular task or goal. The latter interaction-oriented context, which we refer to as social context, has significant impacts on the way actors manage their adaptive behavior. However, very little research has focused on supporting such social context in ubiquitous environments. This paper presents our novel approach to modeling and realizing social context. Social context is modeled as a managed composition of loosely-coupled roles with their interaction relationships expressed as contracts. In addition, it is modeled from an individual actor's perspective to allow for possible differences in the actors' perception of the relationships. The social contexts of an actor are externalized from the actor itself to achieve easy management of the actors' adaptive behavior concerning interaction. A layered system architecture is introduced to realize the approach and demonstrate the development of automotive telematics systems that are physically and socially context-aware. Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 8161 Author: Zannier, Carmen and Maurer, Frank Year: 2007 Title: Social Factors Relevant to Capturing Design Decisions Conference Name: Proceedings of the Second Workshop on SHAring and Reusing architectural Knowledge Architecture, Rationale, and Design Intent Publisher: IEEE Computer Society Pages: 1 DOI: 10.1109/shark-adi.2007.12 Place Published: 1269071 Abstract: We present results from a qualitative study of design decision making that used interviews, observations and participatory observations to describe inherent traits of software design decision makers. We find that designers do not always strive for optimal design solutions, that designers do not always consider alternatives when making design decisions, and that alternatives are considered more often in groups of people having a casual conversation. We highlight that tool support for capturing design rationale and intent should first recognize the way decisions are inherently made in software environments and we provide a summary of our results as an indicator of requirements for such tools. Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9535 Author: Zannier, C. and Maurer, F. Year of Conference: 2007 Title: Social Factors Relevant to Capturing Design Decisions Conference Name: Sharing and Reusing Architectural Knowledge - Architecture, Rationale, and Design Intent, 2007. SHARK/ADI '07: ICSE Workshops 2007. Second Workshop on Pages: 1-1 Date: 20-26 May 2007 Short Title: Social Factors Relevant to Capturing Design Decisions DOI: 10.1109/SHARK-ADI.2007.12 Keywords: social aspects of automation software engineering design decision making design rationale optimal design solution social factors software design software environment Cognitive science Computer architecture Computer science Decision making Productivity Software quality Software systems Software tools Abstract: We present results from a qualitative study of design decision making that used interviews, observations and participatory observations to describe inherent traits of software design decision makers. We find that designers do not always strive for optimal design solutions, that designers do not always consider alternatives when making design decisions, and that alternatives are considered more often in groups of people having a casual conversation. We highlight that tool support for capturing design rationale and intent should first recognize the way decisions are inherently made in software environments and we provide a summary of our results as an indicator of requirements for such tools. Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8402 Author: Paredes, Hugo and Mario Martins, F. Year: 2012 Title: Social interaction regulation in virtual web environments using the Social Theatres model Journal: Journal of Network and Computer Applications Volume: 35 Issue: 1 Pages: 3-19 Date: 1// Short Title: Social interaction regulation in virtual web environments using the Social Theatres model ISSN: 1084-8045 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnca.2011.02.009 Keywords: Software architecture Interaction regulation Rules Roles Interaction flow Virtual social interaction Social Theatres Social Spaces Abstract: At the present time virtual communities are overspread in the web, providing users a cyber-place to share common purposes and interact with other users around the world. Interaction in these environments grapple with new challenges concerning to provide their users better tools to interact and fulfil their goals. In this context we propose a model to create regulated interaction environments based on the theatre metaphor: the Social Theatres. A dynamic multi-layer software architecture (ASTeaS) was developed to support this web-based interaction model, allowing easy construction of such social interaction spaces and adaptation to users' devices requirements. In this paper we discuss the usage of interaction regulation in virtual environments supported by the Social Theatres model and evaluate some aspects of the users interaction in two different case study scenarios. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1084804511000476 Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9284 Author: Paredes, H. and Martins, F. M. Year of Conference: 2010 Title: Social interaction regulation in virtual web environments using the Social Theatres model Conference Name: The 2010 14th International Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work in Design Pages: 772-777 Date: 14-16 April 2010 Short Title: Social interaction regulation in virtual web environments using the Social Theatres model DOI: 10.1109/CSCWD.2010.5471871 Keywords: Array signal processing Base stations Channel state information Downlink Feedback Frequency Performance gain Radio spectrum management Radiofrequency interference Vector quantization Social Spaces Social Theatres Software architecture interaction flow interaction regulation roles rules virtual social interaction Abstract: Nowadays virtual communities are spread all over the web, providing users a cyber-place to share a common purpose and interact with each other around the world. These environments face new challenges in order to provide their users with better tools to interact and fulfill the environment's goals. In this context we propose a model to create regulated interaction environments based on the theater metaphor: the Social Theatres. A multi-layer software architecture (ASTeaS) was developed to support this web-based interaction model, allowing easy construction of such social interaction spaces and adaptation to users' devices. In this paper we discuss the usage of interaction regulation in virtual environments supported by the Social Theatres model, evaluating the users interaction in case study scenarios. Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8467 Author: Germann Molz, Jennie Year: 2013 Title: SOCIAL NETWORKING TECHNOLOGIES AND THE MORAL ECONOMY OF ALTERNATIVE TOURISM: THE CASE OF COUCHSURFING.ORG Journal: Annals of Tourism Research Volume: 43 Pages: 210-230 Date: 10// Short Title: SOCIAL NETWORKING TECHNOLOGIES AND THE MORAL ECONOMY OF ALTERNATIVE TOURISM: THE CASE OF COUCHSURFING.ORG ISSN: 0160-7383 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2013.08.001 Keywords: alternative tourism Couchsurfing moral affordances moral economy sharing economy social networking technologies Abstract: The purpose of this study is to examine the role social networking technologies play in the moral economy of alternative tourism. The study takes as its empirical focus the online hospitality exchange network Couchsurfing. Using the concept of ‘moral affordances’, the analysis outlines the way Couchsurfing’s technical systems, software design, and search algorithms enable participants to engage in a moral economy based on the non-commodified provision of accommodation to strangers and personal relations of trust and intimacy. Findings suggest that these affordances are not isolated effects of the technologies themselves, but rather reflect a broader moral landscape in which alternative tourism is performed. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0160738313001096 Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 8339 Author: Dekker, Andrew Year: 2010 Title: Social software and interactions in web design: an in situ exploration of tools & methods to support designer-client communication Conference Name: Proceedings of the 22nd Conference of the Computer-Human Interaction Special Interest Group of Australia on Computer-Human Interaction Conference Location: Brisbane, Australia Publisher: ACM Pages: 428-431 DOI: 10.1145/1952222.1952328 Place Published: 1952328 Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 7932 Author: Paredes, Hugo, M, F., #225 and Martins, rio Year: 2007 Title: Social theatres: a model for regulated virtual interaction environments Conference Name: Proceedings of the 2007 Euro American conference on Telematics and information systems Conference Location: Faro, Portugal Publisher: ACM Pages: 1-8 DOI: 10.1145/1352694.1352742 Place Published: 1352742 Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 9482 Author: Jayawardena, C., Kuo, I. H., Broadbent, E. and MacDonald, B. A. Year: 2016 Title: Socially Assistive Robot HealthBot: Design, Implementation, and Field Trials Journal: IEEE Systems Journal Volume: 10 Issue: 3 Pages: 1056-1067 Short Title: Socially Assistive Robot HealthBot: Design, Implementation, and Field Trials ISSN: 1932-8184 DOI: 10.1109/JSYST.2014.2337882 Keywords: control engineering computing medical robotics software engineering HealthBot robot architecture socially assistive robot software development process Hardware Medical services Middleware Robot kinematics Robot sensing systems Robot programming socially assistive robots software architecture software engineering for robotics Abstract: Socially assistive robotics is an important emerging research area. Socially assistive robotics is challenging as it is required to move robots out of laboratories and industrial settings to interact with ordinary human beings as peers, which requires social skills. The design process usually requires multidisciplinary research teams, which may comprise subject matter experts from various domains such as robotics, systems integration, medicine, psychology, gerontology, social and cognitive sciences, and neuroscience, among many others. Unlike most other robotic applications, socially assistive robotics faces some unique software and systems integration challenges. In this paper, the HealthBot robot architecture, which was designed to overcome these challenges, is presented. The presented architecture was implemented and used in several field trials. The details of the field trials are presented, and lessons learned are discussed with field trial results. Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8644 Author: Tello-Leal, E., Chiotti, O. and Villarreal, P. D. Year: 2014 Title: Software Agent Architecture for Managing Inter-Organizational Collaborations Journal: Journal of Applied Research and Technology Volume: 12 Issue: 3 Pages: 514-526 Date: 6// Short Title: Software Agent Architecture for Managing Inter-Organizational Collaborations ISSN: 1665-6423 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S1665-6423(14)71631-1 Keywords: Software agent inter-organizational collaboration Model-Driven Development collaborative business process BPMN Abstract: The growing importance of cooperation among organizations, as a result of globalization, current market opportunities and technological advances, encourages organizations to dynamically establish inter-organizational collaborations. These collaborations are carried out by executing collaborative business processes among the organizations. In this work we propose an agent-based software architecture for managing inter-organizational collaborations. Two types of agents are provided: the Collaboration Administrator Agent and the Process Administrator Agent. The former allows organizations setting up collaborations. The latter allows organizations executing collaborative business processes. A Colored Petri Net model specifying the role, which an organization fulfills in a collaborative process, is used to carry out the behavior of the Process Administrator Agent that represents the organization. Planning and execution of the actions of the Process Administrator Agents are driven by a Colored Petri Net machine embedded to them. Thus, Process Administrator Agents do not require to have defined at design-time the protocols they can support. In addition, we propose a model-driven development method for generating Colored Petri Net models from a collaborative process model defined as interaction protocol. Finally, an implementation of the agent-based software architecture and methods based on model-driven development are presented. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1665642314716311 Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 8084 Author: Bondi, Andre B. Year: 2009 Title: The software architect as the guardian of system performance and scalability Conference Name: Proceedings of the 2009 ICSE Workshop on Leadership and Management in Software Architecture Publisher: IEEE Computer Society Pages: 28-31 DOI: 10.1109/lmsa.2009.5074861 Place Published: 1564685 Abstract: System performance and scalability issues often have their roots in architectural and design choices that are made early in the software life cycle. Because he must communicate with developers, designers, product managers, business stake holders, application domain experts, testers, and requirements engineers, the software architect is uniquely placed to play a leadership role in linking performance requirements to business and engineering needs. Ideally, the architectural, technology, and design choices that are made should take performance requirements and artifacts into account. This means that the architect should be equipped with at least a rudimentary understanding of performance engineering concepts. Ideally, an architect should be directly involved in performance concerns. Failing that, he should overtly give a mandate to and remain in close contact with a performance engineer to do this instead, because close architectural involvement with performance concerns is key to the success of the project. Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 7900 Author: McBride, Matthew R. Year: 2004 Title: The software architect: essence, intuition, and guiding principles Conference Name: Companion to the 19th annual ACM SIGPLAN conference on Object-oriented programming systems, languages, and applications Conference Location: Vancouver, BC, CANADA Publisher: ACM Pages: 230-235 DOI: 10.1145/1028664.1028764 Place Published: 1028764 Abstract: Software architecture is a distinct and developing discipline in the software profession. Many practitioners have apparently entered the field with little effort; adding the word "architect" to a title is easy to do. However, beneath the surface appearance, distinct approaches and toolsets are required to succeed. Reports of IT overspending and project failures emphasize the fact that these skills must be leveraged and developed. The practical application of this growing body of knowledge will continue to play an important role in the maturing of our profession, and its ability to deliver effective solutions. The software architect possesses a unique perspective and mental framework that guides the development of software systems. Additionally, strong interpersonal skills are vital to the software architect's success. In this paper, I explore the unique approaches and characteristics of the successful software architect. Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 9210 Author: Mateosian, R. Year: 2009 Title: Software Architects [review of 97 Things Every Software Architect Should Know: Collective Wisdom from the Experts (Monson-Haefel, R., Ed.; 2009)] Journal: IEEE Micro Volume: 29 Issue: 3 Pages: 62-64 Short Title: Software Architects [review of 97 Things Every Software Architect Should Know: Collective Wisdom from the Experts (Monson-Haefel, R., Ed.; 2009)] ISSN: 0272-1732 DOI: 10.1109/MM.2009.47 Keywords: Auditory system Biographies Books Documentation Java Message service Project management Risk management Rivers Stress development tools software architecture software design Abstract: Richard Mateosian reviews this book that offers nuggets of information to anyone who designs software. Nearly 50 people contribute their ideas. Each entry fills two facing pages and includes a contributor photo and brief biography. Most of the ideas fall into the following themes: communication; requirements; pitfalls; design and development approaches; performance and maintenance; tools and techniques; and the necessary quality or skills of software architects. Notes: Book review... Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 9391 Author: Hohpe, G., Ozkaya, I., Zdun, U. and Zimmermann, O. Year: 2016 Title: The Software Architect's Role in the Digital Age Journal: IEEE Software Volume: 33 Issue: 6 Pages: 30-39 Short Title: The Software Architect's Role in the Digital Age ISSN: 0740-7459 DOI: 10.1109/MS.2016.137 Keywords: Ericsson architecture as a service connected vehicles decision making embedded software software architect software architecture software development software engineering software engineering education Abstract: Internet scale, the increasing rate of technology evolution, and the broad adoption of lean and agile methods have triggered a profound change in not only application and infrastructure architectures but also the software architect's roles and responsibilities. This article reviews the field's state of the art, identifies the skills of the connected architect, and gives an overview of related education programs and knowledge sources. Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9502 Author: Shirvani, R. and Modiri, N. Year of Conference: 2011 Title: Software architectural considerations for the development of secure software systems Conference Name: 7th International Conference on Networked Computing Pages: 84-88 Date: 26-28 Sept. 2011 Short Title: Software architectural considerations for the development of secure software systems Keywords: safety-critical software security of data software architecture software system security Computer architecture Computers Programming Security Software systems permanent security software security Abstract: Today, many computers are using to manage many applications, like management of bank accounts, to keep medical records, etc. With the progress of computer science and become more complicated, the amount of threats and risks is also increased strongly and attacks in this area have also been complicated and advanced. Today, with this huge amount of vast and complicated threats and attacks on computer systems, security has very important place, because at any moment the amount of threats and attacks in this area is added and these risks in some cases will have to follow heavy and irreparable damages. In the world of computer, software security is one of the important issues all the time. We are insensitive about the threats to the software that we design most of the time and consider security as a solution after the completion of design and constructing programs. In fact, to avoid creating security problems and deal with security threats and attacks properly we must be prevented about fragmented and temporary activities and our activities should have an appropriate structured process and be raised on a specific standard form in this regard. The important point here is if software should have a secure entity, this only is possible by having a secure architecture. There are various techniques that help to develop secure architecture and software systems. These techniques block hackers' ways to attack the applications. This paper tries to clarify the position and importance of software architecture in order to create secure software systems. Also in this article the role of software architecture in order to provide permanent security for software systems, has been described. Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9416 Author: Wolff, E. Year of Conference: 2012 Title: Software architecture — What does it mean in industry? (Invited industrial talk) Conference Name: 2012 34th International Conference on Software Engineering (ICSE) Pages: 999-999 Date: 2-9 June 2012 Short Title: Software architecture — What does it mean in industry? (Invited industrial talk) ISBN: 0270-5257 DOI: 10.1109/ICSE.2012.6227250 Abstract: Summary form only given. As communications get embedded in any objects we will see more and more instances of services and information seamlessly coupled to objects. Kindle has been the forerunner and we are going to see many more kind of objects being connected to the Internet. This will create a new slate of opportunities for many companies and Telecom Operators will be able to have a significant and economically relevant role in this space. The talk will address the technologies enabling this transformation and the evolution in value chains that may result emphasizing the role of Telecom Operators in this transformation. A concrete example of a territorial transformation taking place in Trento, Italy, will be given. This example may be discussed to evaluate the extent to which it can be applied in different context. Notes: talk... Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 7886 Author: Dias, Marcio S. and Vieira, Marlon E. R. Year: 2000 Title: Software Architecture Analysis Based on Statechart Semantics Conference Name: Proceedings of the 10th International Workshop on Software Specification and Design Publisher: IEEE Computer Society Pages: 133 Place Published: 857220 Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 8857 Author: Dias, M. S. and Vieira, M. E. R. Year of Conference: 2000 Title: Software architecture analysis based on statechart semantics Conference Name: Tenth International Workshop on Software Specification and Design. IWSSD-10 2000 Pages: 133-137 Date: 2000 Short Title: Software architecture analysis based on statechart semantics DOI: 10.1109/IWSSD.2000.891134 Keywords: formal specification object-oriented methods programming environments software architecture ADL Argus-I C2 style architecture description languages component behavioral specification component-based software development high assurance development quality-focussed environment software architecture analysis software development process specification-based analysis statechart semantics Computer architecture Computer science Connectors Independent component analysis Programming Quality assurance Software engineering Software systems Software testing Abstract: High assurance architecture-based and component-based software development relies fundamentally on the quality of the components of which a system is composed and their configuration. Analysis over those components and their integration as a system plays a key role in the software development process. This paper describes an approach to develop and assess architecture and component-based systems based on specifying software architecture augmented by statecharts representing component behavioral specifications. The approach is applied for the C2 style and associated ADL and is supported within a quality-focussed environment, called Argus-I, which assists specification-based analysis and testing at both the component and architecture levels Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8430 Author: Vishnyakov, Andrei and Orlov, Sergey Year: 2015 Title: Software Architecture and Detailed Design Evaluation Journal: Procedia Computer Science Volume: 43 Pages: 41-52 Date: // Short Title: Software Architecture and Detailed Design Evaluation ISSN: 1877-0509 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2014.12.007 Keywords: Architectural patterns Architecture efficiency Metric suite selection Functional points Coupling and cohesion Abstract: Software design and estimation play the key role for software development process. Different methods are used for architecture design and detailed design evaluation. For architectural design stage a technique that allows selecting and evaluating suite of architectural patterns is proposed. It allows us to consistently evaluate the impact of specific patterns to software characteristics with a given functionality. Also the criterion of efficiency metric is proposed which helps us to evaluate architectural patterns for specified software. During detailed design stage we are interested in the selection of the optimal metric suits which takes into account the characteristics of required system. The proposed technique contains a number a steps where at each step a specific criterion should be used to make a selection from the available metric suites. In the end we can perform the selected metric suite improvement. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1877050914015750 Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 8080 Author: Kruchten, Phillippe Year: 1995 Title: Software architecture and iterative development process Conference Name: Tutorial proceedings on TRI-Ada '91: Ada's role in global markets: solutions for a changing complex world Conference Location: Anaheim, California, USA Publisher: ACM Pages: 491-539 DOI: 10.1145/216591.216609 Place Published: 216609 Abstract: This tutorial has two parts. Part 1 deals with the "why" and "what". We introduce the concept of software architecture, its boundaries, and its motivation. We propose a model to represent the architecture of software-intensive systems, using multiple views or blueprints. For each view: conceptual, dynamic, static, physical, we detail the elements involved, a view-specific notation, and its relations with other views. Part 2 deals with the "how" and "who". An iterative process is described to develop and validate a software architecture. We then examine the organizational aspects related to software architecture and in particular the role of an architect or an architecture team. The tutorial is based on practical experience in the development of large, software intensive systems in the areas of aerospace, defense, command and control, and telecommunications over the last fifteen years, and the examples are derived from telecommunication and air traffic control systems. Notes: tutorial.. Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9645 Author: Kang, M. H. and Froscher, J. N. Year of Conference: 2000 Title: Software architecture and logic for secure applications Conference Name: DARPA Information Survivability Conference and Exposition, 2000. DISCEX '00. Proceedings Volume: 1 Pages: 391-405 vol.1 Date: 2000 Short Title: Software architecture and logic for secure applications DOI: 10.1109/DISCEX.2000.825042 Keywords: military computing security of data software architecture software reliability workflow management software classification domains coalition partners distributed program monitoring emergency response organizations enterprise application globally distributed user coordination local law enforcement military missions mission critical operations multilevel mission logic programming multilevel secure systems survivability workflow application Access control Application software Business Information technology Laboratories Logic Mission critical systems Monitoring Multilevel systems Abstract: Today's military supports many different missions as well as the traditional role of national defense. This diversity means that these systems must be easily configurable to accommodate integration with coalition partners all over the world and with local law enforcement and emergency response organizations, and secure and survivable to ensure the success of the military mission. Commercial workflow and enterprise application integration products provide solutions to similar problems in the commercial world. However these products cannot satisfy the military because they lack security and survivability features. DoD needs multilevel secure (MLS) and survivable systems and tools that allow users to program multilevel mission logic, securely coordinate globally distributed users and existing applications, and monitor the progress of the distributed program across classification domains. This paper summarizes an effort to provide a methodology and tools to support mission critical operations Notes: mission criticla tools for military Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 7936 Author: Medvidovic, Nenad Year: 2008 Title: Software architecture and mobility: a perfect marriage or an uneasy alliance? Conference Name: Proceedings of the 1st international workshop on Software architectures and mobility Conference Location: Leipzig, Germany Publisher: ACM Pages: 1-1 DOI: 10.1145/1370888.1370889 Place Published: 1370889 Abstract: Developments in the area of software architecture over the past decade have pushed it to the forefront of a number of critical software engineering activities: modeling, design, analysis, simulation, implementation, deployment, and evolution. Architecture is advocated as an effective conceptual tool for addressing the many challenges of developing large, complex, distributed systems. Largely in parallel to these developments, significant advances have also been made in the domain of mobile computing. Many mobile systems are also large, complex, and distributed, yet a majority of the advances in this domain appear not to have resulted from an explicit software architectural focus. Despite this, architecture appears to offer clear benefits in this domain, as evidenced by some recent approaches. In this talk, I will overview the state-of-the-art in the area of mobile computing, with a specific focus on the role software architecture should and does play in this domain. I will highlight the characteristics of software architectures as well as specific architecture-based approaches that make them particularly suitable to developing mobile systems. I will also highlight several impediments, both real and perceived, to the wholesale adoption of architectural principles in this area. Notes: specific architecture in mobile Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9525 Author: Buschmann, F. Year of Conference: 1994 Title: Software architecture and reuse-an inherent conflict? Conference Name: Proceedings of 1994 3rd International Conference on Software Reuse Pages: 218-219 Date: 1-4 Nov 1994 Short Title: Software architecture and reuse-an inherent conflict? DOI: 10.1109/ICSR.1994.365796 Keywords: software engineering software reusability software architecture software development costs software production Application software Computer industry Costs Guidelines Production Productivity Research and development Software systems Abstract: Software reusability, which covers both developing software with the help of existing artifacts as well as developing software for reuse in other applications, is one of the key factors for increasing productivity and decreasing costs in software development costs. The proposed scenario for future software production is that programs will be mostly composed out of existing components rather than writing them from scratch. However, although there are successful approaches to support software reusability and although reusable components have been built, this ideal scenario has not yet become reality. Many programs, especially in industry, are still written from scratch and software reuse just plays a minor role in software development. Currently software reuse approaches take little advantage of the techniques provided by software architecture, techniques which are based on existing requirements for the development of industrial and commercial software. Thus, there doesn't seem to be a conflict between software reuse and software architecture, but there is a strong need to better integrate them with each other. Software reusability has a wider focus on software production, it comprises lots of managerial and organizational aspects. Software architecture provides sufficient techniques for the development of software both with and for reuse. These techniques have to be exploited in current approaches to reusability in order to implement a successful reuse organization Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9398 Author: Krishnamurthy, B. Year of Conference: 1994 Title: Software architecture and reuse-an inherent conflict? Conference Name: Proceedings of 1994 3rd International Conference on Software Reuse Pages: 215 Date: 1-4 Nov. 1994 Short Title: Software architecture and reuse-an inherent conflict? DOI: 10.1109/ICSR.1994.365798 Keywords: software engineering software reusability application system architectural styles design documents experience reusable assets scripts software architecture software reuse specification Assembly Asset management Computer architecture Packaging Software libraries Software packages Stability Abstract: Summary form only. Software architecture is loosely defined as the packaging of functions and objects, together with their interface, and control to implement applications in a domain. An accepted model of software reuse consists of taking a library of reusable assets, instituting a reuse process that permits augmentation of the assets in a supportive environment and providing deliverables via a streamlined development process. Classification of reusable libraries aids in packaging of objects/functions. Given the proper consideration at an earlier (architectural) level it is possible to attain large scale reuse. Without well understood constraints there is little possibility of a high degree of reuse. Role separation and constraints provide the needed stability for reuse. One way to view architecture is as a collection of architectural styles and services. An architectural style helps in arranging the components. The services support the non-functional requirements of the architectural styles. Thus to increase reuse the key is to identify a set of styles and services and combine them appropriately. Besides code, other reusable entities include scripts, documents, design, experience, specification, and application system. Reusability of specification often leads to reusable software components. Architectural constraints may dictate what components may be reused and availability of reused entities may enhance the stability of the architecture.<> Notes: architecture focus Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9089 Author: Qi, Huang, Kaiyu, Qin and Wenyong, Wang Year of Conference: 2006 Title: A Software Architecture Based on Multi-Agent and Grid Computing for Electric Power System Applications Conference Name: International Symposium on Parallel Computing in Electrical Engineering (PARELEC'06) Pages: 405-410 Date: 13-17 Sept. 2006 Short Title: A Software Architecture Based on Multi-Agent and Grid Computing for Electric Power System Applications DOI: 10.1109/PARELEC.2006.9 Keywords: grid computing multi-agent systems parallel programming power engineering computing software architecture distributed parallel computing system electric power system application multiagent system power system control power system distributed monitoring power system operation power system security software tools Application software Control systems Power system protection Power system simulation Power systems Electric power system Multi-agent technology Abstract: This paper first reviews the application of computing technology in electric power system, with emphasis on the evolution of the software architecture. And then proposes a software architecture to implement power system operation and computing. As power systems have become more complicated, software tools and simulations have played a more important role. The operation and control of the power system is actually becoming a huge data-intensive, information-intensive, communication-intensive and computing-intensive application. Power systems rely more heavily on computerized communications and control. Therefore, system security has become increasingly dependent on protecting the integrity of the associated information systems. Grid computing is generally regarded as a software technology to fully use the spare computing resources. However, the philosophy of grid computing can be used in engineering case to play an important role in power system distributed monitoring, control and distributed parallel computing. This paper proposes a software architecture, which depends on grid computing for hardware support and agent technology for software support, to seamlessly integrate the dispersed computing resources to implement high-performance operation and computing in electric power system. Some comparative test cases are studied, and the test results show that the combination of agent and grid computing can enhance the performance of the distributed computing system Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 8790 Author: Ferro, A., Liberal, F., Munoz, A., Delgado, I. and Beaumont, A. Year of Conference: 2005 Title: Software architecture based on multiprocessor platform to apply complex intrusion detection techniques Conference Name: Proceedings 39th Annual 2005 International Carnahan Conference on Security Technology Pages: 287-290 Date: 11-14 Oct. 2005 Short Title: Software architecture based on multiprocessor platform to apply complex intrusion detection techniques ISBN: 1071-6572 DOI: 10.1109/CCST.2005.1594847 Keywords: security of data shared memory systems software architecture workstation clusters data network speed high speed network intrusion detection multiprocessor platform network security shared memory multiprocessor system workstations Computer architecture Data security Engines High-speed networks Logic Parallel processing Telecommunication traffic Abstract: The importance of security issues in network environments has increased greatly lately. Intrusion detection systems play an important role in network security environments. Nevertheless, nowadays, data network speed is so high that performing intrusion detection tasks becomes challenging. This paper presents a software architecture that intends to exploit the parallelism available on up-to-date and future workstations to apply intrusion detection rules in high speed networks. To achieve this, a shared memory multiprocessor system has been developed. The system includes a powerful rule language that adds big flexibility to the system. Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 7967 Author: Medvidovi, Nenad and #263 Year: 2012 Title: Software architecture challenges and opportunities for the 21st century: dynamism, mobility, autonomy, services, grids, and clouds Conference Name: Proceedings of the 5th India Software Engineering Conference Conference Location: Kanpur, India Publisher: ACM Pages: 1-1 DOI: 10.1145/2134254.2134255 Place Published: 2134255 Abstract: Developments in the area of software architecture over the past two decades have pushed architecture to the forefront of a number of critical software engineering activities: modeling, design, analysis, simulation, implementation, deployment, maintenance, and evolution. Architecture is advocated as an effective conceptual tool for addressing the many challenges of developing large, complex, distributed systems. Largely in parallel to these developments, significant advances have also been made in the domains of mobile, autonomic, service-oriented, grid-based, and most recently, cloud-based computing. The systems in these domains are also large, complex, and distributed; they are frequently expected to dynamically adapt to failures as well as changing requirements and execution contexts. At first blush, a number of the advances in these domains appear not to have resulted from an explicit software architectural focus. However, I posit that architecture offers clear, and often critical, benefits in these domains. In support of this argument, I will overview the state-of-the-art in the areas of mobile, autonomic, service-oriented, grid-based, and cloud-based computing; with a specific focus on the role software architecture should and actually does play in these domains. I will highlight the characteristics of software architectures as well as specific architecture-based approaches that make them particularly suitable to developing these systems. Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8729 Author: Robbins, Jason E. and Redmiles, David F. Year: 1998 Title: Software architecture critics in the Argo design environment Journal: Knowledge-Based Systems Volume: 11 Issue: 1 Pages: 47-60 Date: 9/30/ Short Title: Software architecture critics in the Argo design environment ISSN: 0950-7051 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0950-7051(98)00055-0 Keywords: Domain-oriented design environments Software architecture Human cognitive needs Design critics Abstract: Software architectures are high-level design representations of software systems which focus on composition of software components and how those components interact. Software architectures abstract the details of implementation and allow the designer to focus on essential design decisions. Regardless of notation, designers are faced with the task of making good design decisions which demand a broad range of knowledge of the problem and solution domains. In this paper we describe Argo, a software architecture design environment that supports designers by addressing several cognitive challenges of design. Argo's critiquing infrastructure supports decision making by automatically supplying knowledge that is timely and relevant to decisions at hand. Our discussion centers on a five-phase critiquing process that we use to motivate Argo's features, structure a usage scenario and characterize related work. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0950705198000550 Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9307 Author: Dasanayake, S., Markkula, J., Aaramaa, S. and Oivo, M. Year of Conference: 2015 Title: Software Architecture Decision-Making Practices and Challenges: An Industrial Case Study Conference Name: 2015 24th Australasian Software Engineering Conference Pages: 88-97 Date: Sept. 28 2015-Oct. 1 2015 Short Title: Software Architecture Decision-Making Practices and Challenges: An Industrial Case Study ISBN: 1530-0803 DOI: 10.1109/ASWEC.2015.20 Keywords: decision making knowledge management software architecture Europe software architecture decision-making software system system life cycle systematic software development method Computer architecture Context Software Systematics architecture decision making architecture knowledge management case study Abstract: Software architecture decision-making is critical to the success of a software system as software architecture sets the structure of the system, determines its qualities, and has far-reaching consequences throughout the system life cycle. The complex nature of the software development context and the importance of the problem has led the research community to develop several techniques, tools, and processes to assist software architects in making better decisions. Despite these effort, the adoption of such systematic approaches appears to be quite limited in practice. In addition, the practitioners are also facing new challenges as different software development methods suggest different approaches for architecture design. In this paper, we study the current software architecture decision-making practices in the industry using a case study conducted among professional software architects in three different companies in Europe. As a result, we identified different software architecture decision-making practices followed by the software teams as well as their reasons for following them, the challenges associated with them, and the possible improvements from the software architects' point of view. Based on that, we recognized that improving software architecture knowledge management can address most of the identified challenges and would result in better software architecture decision-making. 'File' Atttachments: internal-pdf://3495049590/Software Architecture Decision-Making Practice.pdf Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9596 Author: Alkhalid, A., Lung, C. H. and Ajila, S. Year of Conference: 2013 Title: Software architecture decomposition using adaptive K-nearest neighbor algorithm Conference Name: 2013 26th IEEE Canadian Conference on Electrical and Computer Engineering (CCECE) Pages: 1-4 Date: 5-8 May 2013 Short Title: Software architecture decomposition using adaptive K-nearest neighbor algorithm ISBN: 0840-7789 DOI: 10.1109/CCECE.2013.6567812 Keywords: manufacturing data processing pattern clustering software architecture adaptive k-nearest neighbor algorithm development phase hierarchical agglomerative clustering methods industrial software systems software architecture decomposition software design cascading effect software designer software engineering research Clustering algorithms Lungs Protocols Software algorithms Software systems Algorithms Clustering Design Software Architecture Pattern Recognition Abstract: Software architecture decomposition plays an important role in software design cascading effect on various development phases. Software designer decomposes software based on his/her experience. Though it may work well for some, in reality many systems failed to meet the requirements as a result of poor design. Software architecture decomposition using clustering techniques has been investigated in software engineering research. This paper presents an enhanced approach for software architecture decomposition. We used two hierarchical agglomerative clustering methods and adaptive K-nearest neighbor algorithm in this enhanced approach and applied it on two industrial software systems. Results show that the approach provides objective and insightful information for software designer. Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 8814 Author: Bjuhr, O., Segeljakt, K., Addibpour, M., Heiser, F. and Lagerström, R. Year of Conference: 2017 Title: Software Architecture Decoupling at Ericsson Conference Name: 2017 IEEE International Conference on Software Architecture Workshops (ICSAW) Pages: 259-262 Date: 5-7 April 2017 Short Title: Software Architecture Decoupling at Ericsson DOI: 10.1109/ICSAW.2017.7 Keywords: pattern clustering software architecture software metrics Core Ericsson cluster analysis dominator analysis software architecture decoupling software architecture measurement software architecture visualization software components software system Clustering algorithms Couplings Measurement Multicore processing Software Decoupling Modularity Abstract: In order to evaluate and increase modularity this paper combines a method for visualizing and measuring software architectures and two algorithms for decoupling. The combination is tested on a software system at Ericsson. Our analysis show that the system has one large cluster of components (18% of the system, a Core), all interacting with each other. By employing cluster and dominator analysis we suggest 19 dependencies to be removed in order to decouple the Core. Validating the analysis output with experts at Ericsson six of the suggested dependencies where deemed impossible to remove. By removing the remaining 13 dependencies Ericsson would improve the architecture of their system considerably, e.g. core size would go down to 5%. Reference Type: Book Section Record Number: 7841 Author: Rost, Dominik, Naab, Matthias, Lima, Crescencio and von Flach Garcia Chavez, Christina Year: 2013 Title: Software Architecture Documentation for Developers: A Survey Editor: Drira, Khalil Book Title: Software Architecture: 7th European Conference, ECSA 2013, Montpellier, France, July 1-5, 2013. Proceedings Place Published: Berlin, Heidelberg Publisher: Springer Berlin Heidelberg Pages: 72-88 Short Title: Software Architecture Documentation for Developers: A Survey ISBN: 978-3-642-39031-9 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-39031-9_7 Label: Rost2013 Abstract: Software architecture has become an established discipline in industry. Nevertheless, the available documentation of architecture is often not perceived as adequate by developers. As a foundation for the improvement of methods and tools around architecture documentation, we conducted a survey with 147 industrial participants, investigating their current problems and wishes for the future. Participants from different countries in Europe, Asia, North and South America shared their experiences. This paper presents the results of the survey. The results confirmed the common belief that architecture documentation is most frequently outdated and inconsistent and backed it up with data. Further, developers perceive difficulties with a “one-size-fits-all” architecture documentation, which does not adequately provide information for their specific task and context. Developers seek for more interactive ways of working with architecture documentation that allow finding needed information more easily with extended navigation and search possibilities. URL: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-39031-9_7 Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 7724 Author: Knodel, J. and Naab, M. Year of Conference: 2014 Title: Software Architecture Evaluation in Practice: Retrospective on More Than 50 Architecture Evaluations in Industry Conference Name: 2014 IEEE/IFIP Conference on Software Architecture Pages: 115-124 Date: 7-11 April 2014 Short Title: Software Architecture Evaluation in Practice: Retrospective on More Than 50 Architecture Evaluations in Industry DOI: 10.1109/WICSA.2014.37 Keywords: software architecture architecture work industrial customers industrial perspective practical perspective scientific community software architecture evaluation Companies Computer architecture Concrete Context Documentation architecture evaluation empirical evidences experience report Abstract: Architecture evaluation has become a mature sub-discipline in architecting with high-quality practical and scientific literature available. However, publications on industrial applications and concrete experiences are rare. We want to fill this gap and share our experiences - having performed more than 50 architecture evaluations for industrial customers in the last decade. We compiled facts and consolidated our findings about architecture evaluations in industry. In this paper, we provide a critical retrospective on more than 50 projects and share our lessons learned. This industrial and practical perspective allows practitioners to benefit from our experience in their daily architecture work and scientific community to focus their research work on the generalizability of our findings. Notes: Literature review Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8885 Author: Fitzpatrick, T., Blair, G. S., Coulson, G., Davies, N. and Robin, P. Year: 1998 Title: Software architecture for adaptive distributed multimedia systems Journal: IEE Proceedings - Software Volume: 145 Issue: 5 Pages: 163-171 Short Title: Software architecture for adaptive distributed multimedia systems ISSN: 1462-5970 DOI: 10.1049/ip-sen:19982299 Keywords: client-server systems distributed object management mobile computing multimedia systems software architecture video on demand CORBA adaptive continuous-media interaction adaptive distributed multimedia systems adaptive video-on-demand explicit binding middleware mobile environments open bindings open implementation Abstract: To support multimedia applications in mobile environments, it will be necessary for applications to be aware of the underlying network conditions and also to be able to adapt their behaviour and that of the underlying platform. This paper focuses on the role of middleware in supporting such adaptation. In particular, it investigates the role of open implementation and reflection in the design of middleware platforms such as CORBA. The paper initially extends CORBA with the concept of explicit binding, where path of communication between objects is represented as first class objects. We then introduce the concept of open bindings which support inspection and adaptation of the path of communications. An implementation of open bindings for adaptive continuous-media interaction is described using the example of adaptive video-on-demand for mobile environments Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 8950 Author: Li, J., Tang, S., Wang, X. and Wang, F. Y. Year of Conference: 2007 Title: A software architecture for artificial transportation systems - principles and framework Conference Name: 2007 IEEE Intelligent Transportation Systems Conference Pages: 229-234 Date: Sept. 30 2007-Oct. 3 2007 Short Title: A software architecture for artificial transportation systems - principles and framework ISBN: 2153-0009 DOI: 10.1109/ITSC.2007.4357814 Keywords: automated highways decision making object-oriented methods software architecture artificial transportation system computational experiment decision-making object-oriented software engineering traffic microsimulation urban system Automation Communication system traffic control Computational modeling Intelligent systems Intelligent transportation systems Laboratories Object oriented modeling Rail transportation Traffic control Abstract: Artificial Transportation Systems(ATS) is an extension of the traffic micro-simulation, which integrates the transportation system with other urban systems, such as logistic systems, social and economic systems, etc., to behave as a coordinated tool for transportation analysis, evaluation, decision-making, and training. Research, especially implemental work, on ATS is far from enough. In this paper, a software architecture for ATS is proposed. Four principles of object-oriented software engineering, considerations for computational experiments and parallel systems, issues of expansibility and cooperative development for the software design and implementation, as well as a software framework, which explains the functional structure of ATS are addressed. Furthermore, the rationale behind the framework is explained, with emphasis on the discussion about transportation scenarios, the agent characteristics of travelers, and the spread and flow of information in ATS. Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9461 Author: Shah, M., Prasad, K. V., Somani, H. and Soman, S. A. Year of Conference: 2008 Title: Software architecture for delivering power system applications using Software-as-a-Service model Conference Name: TENCON 2008 - 2008 IEEE Region 10 Conference Pages: 1-6 Date: 19-21 Nov. 2008 Short Title: Software architecture for delivering power system applications using Software-as-a-Service model ISBN: 2159-3442 DOI: 10.1109/TENCON.2008.4766823 Keywords: Internet decision making decision support systems power engineering computing public domain software software architecture Web delivery of network applications common data repository decision support tools open access systems power system applications software-as-a-service model system operation security webDNA Application software Computer architecture Costs Power system dynamics Power system modeling Power system security Power systems Integration of IT and Power System Application Software-as-a-Service (SaaS) Web delivery of Power System Application Abstract: In a deregulated system designed to support open access, decision making has to be transparent and it requires participation of many players whose behavior is governed by diverse interests from profitable trade all the way to security in system operation. In particular, we foresee that decision support tools should be so deployed that they can be accessed anywhere and at any time. This led us to work on introducing Software-as-a-Service model for power system computation - using the internet to provide access anywhere and at any time. We consider different challenges in terms of usability, scalability and security when it comes to delivering required functionality over the web using Software-as-a-Service model. The proposed software architecture called Web Delivery of Network Applications (webDNA), addresses various issues involved in delivering these applications over the web. Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9370 Author: Pack, R. T., Wilkes, D. M. and Kawamura, G. Year of Conference: 1997 Title: A software architecture for integrated service robot development Conference Name: 1997 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics. Computational Cybernetics and Simulation Volume: 4 Pages: 3774-3779 vol.4 Date: 12-15 Oct 1997 Short Title: A software architecture for integrated service robot development ISBN: 1062-922X DOI: 10.1109/ICSMC.1997.633257 Keywords: intelligent control object-oriented programming robots software agents software engineering computational architecture grand challenge problem integrated service robot development intelligent robot object-based software technology planning robot control sensory processing software architecture system integration Computer architecture Control systems Intelligent robots Intelligent sensors Intelligent systems Intserv networks Process control Process planning Robot sensing systems Abstract: This paper presents a computational architecture that addresses the grand challenge problem of system integration. Robotics research has made many advances in sensory processing, control and planning, but few efforts focus on the problem of dynamically integrating the “best available” approaches into a single architecture to support development of integrated systems. The role of architecture is discussed, and a novel approach to intelligent robotic system architecture is presented. This new approach has resulted from the maturation of object-based software technology Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9019 Author: Krishna, V. and Basu, A. Year of Conference: 2012 Title: Software Architecture for large/critical applications Conference Name: 2012 CSI Sixth International Conference on Software Engineering (CONSEG) Pages: 1-4 Date: 5-7 Sept. 2012 Short Title: Software Architecture for large/critical applications DOI: 10.1109/CONSEG.2012.6349514 Keywords: formal specification project management software architecture software management software quality business requirement critical application large application project failure rate quality related aspect software requirements software system system development technology evolution Business Complexity theory Computer architecture Noise Scalability Software Agility Large critical applications Plan driven Abstract: Software Architecture provides a blue print for developing a system and plays a vital role in addressing quality related aspects such as performance, security, scalability etc. [1]. Architecture of a software system has to ensure that design is able to support all requirements as well as able to incorporate any changes requested by the customer. This paper discusses the role of architecture and design on project failure rate and also suggests the steps that need to be added in architecture and design in order to cope up with changes in business requirements and evolution of technology to avoid such failures. Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9285 Author: Changzheng, Liu and Guiyun, Ye Year of Conference: 2008 Title: Software architecture for medical distributed manage systems Conference Name: 2008 12th International Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work in Design Pages: 1080-1084 Date: 16-18 April 2008 Short Title: Software architecture for medical distributed manage systems DOI: 10.1109/CSCWD.2008.4537130 Keywords: distributed object management medical computing middleware mobile computing multimedia computing software architecture CORBA adaptive continuous-media interaction inspection medical distributed manage systems mobile environments multimedia applications open bindings video-on-demand Application software Educational institutions ISO standards Mobile communication Operating systems Reflection Standards development Adaptive Video-on-Demand Middleware Platform Mobile Environment Open Binding Abstract: The paper initially extends CORBA with the concept of explicit binding, where path of communication between objects is represented as first class objects. We then introduce the concept of open bindings which support inspection and adaptation of the path of communications. An implementation of open bindings for adaptive continuous-media interaction is described using the example of adaptive video-on-demand for mobile environments. To support multimedia applications in mobile environments, it will be necessary for applications to be aware of the underlying network conditions and also to be able to adapt their behaviour and that of the underlying platform. This paper focuses on the role of middleware in supporting such adaptation. In particular, we investigate the role of open implementation and reflection in the design of middleware platforms such as CORBA. Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 8831 Author: Kapoor, C., Cetin, M., Pryor, M., Cocca, C., Harden, T. and Tesar, D. Year of Conference: 1998 Title: A software architecture for multi-criteria decision making for advanced robotics Conference Name: Proceedings of the 1998 IEEE International Symposium on Intelligent Control (ISIC) held jointly with IEEE International Symposium on Computational Intelligence in Robotics and Automation (CIRA) Intell Pages: 525-530 Date: 14-17 Sep 1998 Short Title: A software architecture for multi-criteria decision making for advanced robotics ISBN: 2158-9860 DOI: 10.1109/ISIC.1998.713718 Keywords: manipulator kinematics object-oriented methods redundant manipulators software architecture 10 DOF manipulator advanced robotics computational efficiency extensibility generality information flow multi-criteria decision making object-oriented design real-time control redundant manipulator control Application software Computer architecture Decision making Intelligent robots Kinematics Manipulators Object oriented modeling Redundancy Service robots Abstract: Presents a framework that facilitates the development of multi-criteria decision-making software for redundant manipulator control. This software architecture is based on object-oriented design and it meets the requirements of generality, extensibility, computational efficiency, and reduction in program development time. Analysis, design, and implementation were the three steps in the development of this architecture. Analysis involved the study of the multi-criteria decision-making domain. This included the information flow between different criteria and also their fusion. The design phase involved extracting the commonalties of various criteria and the specification of abstractions that could best model these criteria. The application of this philosophy led to the development of an architecture that is robot independent, scaleable, supports standardized interfaces, and is applicable to real-time control and simulation. This architecture is demonstrated using a sample application for controlling a 10 DOF manipulator Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9224 Author: Anderson, D. P. Year of Conference: 1988 Title: A software architecture for network communication Conference Name: [1988] Proceedings. The 8th International Conference on Distributed Pages: 376-383 Date: 13-17 Jun 1988 Short Title: A software architecture for network communication DOI: 10.1109/DCS.1988.12539 Keywords: data communication systems distributed processing real-time systems software engineering DASH communication architecture DASH distributed system RMS clients RMS provider communication abstraction flow control network communication performance parameters real-time message streams reliability control security parameters simplex stream software architecture unidirectional stream Communication system security Computer architecture Computer network reliability Computer science Data security Distributed computing Large-scale systems Real time systems Telecommunication network reliability Abstract: A communication abstraction called real-time message streams (RMS) is proposed. An RMS is a simplex (unidirectional) stream with several performance and security parameters that express the needs of RMS clients and the capabilities of the RMS provider. RMS providers can eliminate unnecessary or redundant work and can optimally schedule resources; RMS clients can use the parameters to select optimal methods for achieving reliability and flow control. RMS is the communication primitive of the DASH distributed system, which is currently being developed. The role of RMS in the DASH communication architecture and techniques and algorithms for providing RMS at different system levels are described Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 7860 Author: Baumgartner, Norbert, Retschitzegger, Werner and Schwinger, Wieland Year: 2008 Title: A software architecture for ontology-driven situation awareness Conference Name: Proceedings of the 2008 ACM symposium on Applied computing Conference Location: Fortaleza, Ceara, Brazil Publisher: ACM Pages: 2326-2330 DOI: 10.1145/1363686.1364237 Place Published: 1364237 Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 8860 Author: Hallsteinsen, S. and Sanders, R. T. Year of Conference: 2009 Title: Software Architecture for Self-Adapting Sub-sea Sensor Networks: Work in Progress Conference Name: 2009 Third International Conference on Sensor Technologies and Applications Pages: 306-309 Date: 18-23 June 2009 Short Title: Software Architecture for Self-Adapting Sub-sea Sensor Networks: Work in Progress DOI: 10.1109/SENSORCOMM.2009.54 Keywords: ad hoc networks oceanographic techniques ubiquitous computing wireless sensor networks software engineering subsea sensor networks wireless subsea communication Application software Collaboration Collaborative software Collaborative work Mobile communication Mobile computing Software architecture Underwater communication underwater sensor networks Abstract: Monitoring of the sub-sea environment requires advanced sensor networks with both stationary and mobile nodes on the surface and underwater, each node playing a different role. The combination of mobile and stationary nodes, the loss of nodes due to harsh conditions, the difficult conditions for wireless sub-sea communication and the need for nodes to collaborate are all factors that require new approaches to software architectures for such nodes and systems. This articles presents work in progress that sets out to address these issues by adapting approaches from software engineering solutions to ubiquitous computing. Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 8991 Author: Femminella, M., Maccherani, E. and Reali, G. Year of Conference: 2010 Title: A software architecture for simplifying the JSLEE service design and creation Conference Name: SoftCOM 2010, 18th International Conference on Software, Telecommunications and Computer Networks Pages: 235-239 Date: 23-25 Sept. 2010 Short Title: A software architecture for simplifying the JSLEE service design and creation Keywords: Internet telephony Java XML signalling protocols software architecture telecommunication computing JSLEE service design SIP based telephone IP convergence scenario XML files telecom services Business Computer architecture Engines Protocols Transient analysis Abstract: In the SIP-based telephone-IP convergence scenario, telecom services are typically asynchronous, require low latency, high throughput and high availability. In this scenario, platforms compliant with JSLEE specifications are good candidates to execute such services. This paper proposes a new architectural solution for service creation in JSLEE-compliant platforms. In our proposed solution, service business logic can be separated by implementation issues and designed by people not expert of JSLEE specifications. We also propose to modify the component model of the JSLEE architecture, by introducing a simpler way to link blocks together, exchange information and manage it, without modifying or handling XML files. For this purpose, we have integrated a business workflow engine inside the development environment of the JSLEE platform. In this way, we can easily represent services as a flow or blocks, linked together by transitions. This allows simplifying their management and the development of advanced services, while decreasing the time to market of new services. Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 8802 Author: Liviu, S. and Ion, S. Year of Conference: 2015 Title: A software architecture for the control of biomaterials maintenance Conference Name: 2015 7th International Conference on Electronics, Computers and Artificial Intelligence (ECAI) Pages: BB-5-BB-8 Date: 25-27 June 2015 Short Title: A software architecture for the control of biomaterials maintenance DOI: 10.1109/ECAI.2015.7301238 Keywords: control engineering computing expert systems maintenance engineering renewable materials software architecture biomaterials maintenance expert system life cycle maintenance biomaterial maintenance solution process degradation treatment effect Biological system modeling Control systems Databases MIMO Software biomaterial maintenance software arhitecture Abstract: Most biomaterials are undergoing a process degradation faster than other materials. The biomaterials are often combined with other materials by various methods of treatment in order to ensure certain performance and functionality. Maintenance biomaterials must take into account both their particular as well as the evolution of experience accumulated. Treatment of the biomaterial, in many cases does not have an immediate effect and the treatment effect can be retrieve through out the entire life cycle of the biomaterial. This paper aims to outline a software architecture that implements an expert system in order to elaborate decision on choosing optimal maintenance solution. Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 7857 Author: Bernini, Diego, Toscani, Daniele and Frigerio, Marco Year: 2009 Title: A software architecture for the deployment of executable transformation models Conference Name: Proceedings of the 2009 International Conference on Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing: Connecting the World Wirelessly Conference Location: Leipzig, Germany Publisher: ACM Pages: 47-51 DOI: 10.1145/1582379.1582391 Place Published: 1582391 Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9452 Author: Xue, D., Yin, X. and Li, L. Year of Conference: 2010 Title: Software architecture for the ECU of automated manual transmission Conference Name: The 2nd International Conference on Software Engineering and Data Mining Pages: 63-68 Date: 23-25 June 2010 Short Title: Software architecture for the ECU of automated manual transmission Keywords: Automatic control Communication system control Control systems Decision making Displays Monitoring Programming Software architecture Software maintenance Vehicle driving AMT ECU requirements Abstract: To improve the cost-efficiency during the processes of software development and maintenance for the Electronic Control Unit (ECU) of automated manual transmissions (AMT), a software architecture as well as its supporting environments for the ECU of AMT was put forward based on the requirements analysis of AMT system. The software architecture has a structure with five layers and two bases, which consists of a data collection and processing layer, a communication layer, a decision-making and scheduling layer, a harmonization layer, a driving and control layer, an integrated information base, and a knowledge base. The supporting environments include an interface between driver and AMT ECU (transmission control unit, TCU), a display interface, other in-vehicle ECUs, a portable vehicle information online monitoring system, a shift schedule making platform, experts experience, etc. The proposed software architecture has been applied to an AMT test vehicle successfully. Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8625 Author: Manavazhi, Mohan R. Year: 2001 Title: A software architecture for the virtual construction of structures Journal: Advances in Engineering Software Volume: 32 Issue: 7 Pages: 545-554 Date: 7// Short Title: A software architecture for the virtual construction of structures ISSN: 0965-9978 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0965-9978(01)00005-9 Keywords: Structural construction simulation Object-oriented simulation Object-oriented architecture Automated model generation Structural construction analysis Abstract: In addition to being a tedious procedure, the complexity of structural construction makes the task of manually generating simulation models quite complicated. The paucity of simulation expertise in the construction industry exacerbates the problem. This research addresses the issue through the development of a generic system architecture that would facilitate the creation of automated model generators for structural construction. The architecture is based on the object-oriented programming paradigm, which supports the use of modularity and hierarchy in the software development process. The generic system architecture developed in this research was used to create an automated model generator for automatically generating and executing a simulation model for the construction of an earth-filled embankment. The simulation results obtained were compared with those obtained through the execution of a manually generated simulation model. A trace obtained from the execution of the automatically generated simulation model was also studied. Both the comparison and the trace tests conducted demonstrated the satisfactory functioning of the automated model generator. Notes: automated model generation URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0965997801000059 Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8732 Author: Oussalah, M., Bhat, F., Challis, K. and Schnier, T. Year: 2013 Title: A software architecture for Twitter collection, search and geolocation services Journal: Knowledge-Based Systems Volume: 37 Pages: 105-120 Date: 1// Short Title: A software architecture for Twitter collection, search and geolocation services ISSN: 0950-7051 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.knosys.2012.07.017 Keywords: Data mining Tweet Social network Software architecture Semantic analysis Abstract: The substantial increase of social networks and their combination with mobile devices make rigorous analysis of the outcomes of such system of paramount importance for intelligence gathering and decision making purposes. Since the introduction of Twitter system in 2006, tweeting emerged as an efficient open social network that attracted interest from various research/commercial and military communities. This paper investigates the current software architecture of Twitter system and put forward a new architecture dedicated for semantic and spatial analysis of Twitter data. Especially, Twitter Streaming API was used as a basis for tweet collection data stored in MySQL like database. While Lucene system together with WordNet lexical database linked to advanced natural language processing and PostGIS platform were used to ensure semantic and spatial analysis of the collected data. A functional diversity approach was implemented to enforce fault tolerance for the data collection part where its performances were evaluated through comparison with alternative approaches. The proposal enables the discovery of spatial patterns within geo-located Twitter and can provide the user or operator with useful unforeseen elements. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0950705112002055 Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 8780 Author: Soni, D., Nord, R. L. and Hofmeister, C. Year of Conference: 1995 Title: Software Architecture in Industrial Applications Conference Name: 1995 17th International Conference on Software Engineering Pages: 196-196 Date: 23-30 April 1995 Short Title: Software Architecture in Industrial Applications ISBN: 0270-5257 DOI: 10.1145/225014.225033 Keywords: Application software Computer industry Software architecture Software engineering Abstract: To help us identify and focus on pragmatic and concrete issues related to the role of software architecture in large systems, we conducted a survey of a variety of software systems used in industrial applications. Our premise, which guided the examination of these systems, was that software architecture is concerned with capturing the structures of a system and the relationships among the elements both within and between structures. The structures we found fell into several broad categories: conceptual architecture, module interconnection architecture, code architecture, and execution architecture. These categories address different engineering concerns. The separation of such concerns, combined with specialized implementation techniques, decreased the complexity of implementation, and improved reuse and reconfiguration. Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8553 Author: Kamsu-Foguem, Bernard and Mathieu, Yvan Year: 2014 Title: Software architecture knowledge for intelligent light maintenance Journal: Advances in Engineering Software Volume: 67 Pages: 125-135 Date: 1// Short Title: Software architecture knowledge for intelligent light maintenance ISSN: 0965-9978 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.advengsoft.2013.09.003 Keywords: Conceptual modeling Industrial maintenance Semantic formalization Web mapping service Architectural pattern Information system Abstract: The maintenance management plays an important role in the monitoring of business activities. It ensures a certain level of services in industrial systems by improving the ability to function in accordance with prescribed procedures. This has a decisive impact on the performance of these systems in terms of operational efficiency, reliability and associated intervention costs. To support the maintenance processes of a wide range of industrial services, a knowledge-based component is useful to perform the intelligent monitoring. In this context we propose a generic model for supporting and generating industrial lights maintenance processes. The modeled intelligent approach involves information structuring and knowledge sharing in the industrial setting and the implementation of specialized maintenance management software in the target information system. As a first step we defined computerized procedures from the conceptual structure of industrial data to ensure their interoperability and effective use of information and communication technologies in the software dedicated to the management of maintenance (E-candela). The second step is the implementation of this software architecture with specification of business rules, especially by organizing taxonomical information of the lighting systems, and applying intelligence-based operations and analysis to capitalize knowledge from maintenance experiences. Finally, the third step is the deployment of the software with contextual adaptation of the user interface to allow the management of operations, editions of the balance sheets and real-time location obtained through geolocation data. In practice, these computational intelligence-based modes of reasoning involve an engineering framework that facilitates the continuous improvement of a comprehensive maintenance regime. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0965997813001579 Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9439 Author: Vliet, H. v. Year of Conference: 2008 Title: Software Architecture Knowledge Management Conference Name: 19th Australian Conference on Software Engineering (aswec 2008) Pages: 24-31 Date: 26-28 March 2008 Short Title: Software Architecture Knowledge Management ISBN: 1530-0803 DOI: 10.1109/ASWEC.2008.4483186 Keywords: knowledge management software architecture architectural knowledge system development system evolution Computer architecture Computer industry Computer science Connectors Finance Road transportation Software engineering Wiring Abstract: Software architecture is a recognized and indispensable part of system development. Software architecture is often defined in terms of components and connectors, or the "high-level conception of a system". In recent years, there has been an awareness that not only the design itself is important to capture, but also the knowledge that has led to this design. This so-called architectural knowledge concerns the set of design decisions and their rationale. Capturing architectural knowledge is difficult. Part of it is tacit and difficult to verbalize. Like developers, software architects are not inclined to document their solutions. Establishing ways to effectively manage and organize architectural knowledge is one of the key challenges of the field of software architecture. This architectural knowledge plays a role during development, when architects, developers, and other stakeholders must communicate about the system to be developed, possibly in a global setting. It also plays a role during the evolution of a system, when changes are constrained by decisions made earlier. Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9457 Author: Mirakhorli, M. Year of Conference: 2015 Title: Software architecture reconstruction: Why? What? How? Conference Name: 2015 IEEE 22nd International Conference on Software Analysis, Evolution, and Reengineering (SANER) Pages: 595-595 Date: 2-6 March 2015 Short Title: Software architecture reconstruction: Why? What? How? ISBN: 1534-5351 DOI: 10.1109/SANER.2015.7081885 Keywords: software architecture software maintenance system recovery legacy system software architecture reconstruction software architecture recovery software engineering software system implementation-level artifact Companies Computational modeling Computer architecture Software Tutorials Abstract: Software architecture reconstruction plays an increasingly essential role in software engineering tasks such as architecture renovation, program comprehension, and change impact analysis. Various methods have been developed which use a software system's implementation-level artifacts to recover the architecture of the software. This tutorial will answer three fundamental questions about software architecture recovery: Why? What? and How? Through several examples it articulates and synthesizes technical forces and financial motivations that make software companies to invest in software architecture recovery. It discusses what are the pieces of design knowledge that can be recovered and lastly demonstrates a methodology as well as required tools for answering how to reconstruct architecture from implementation artifacts. Notes: Tutorial Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9227 Author: Chao-Tung, Su and Dowming, Yeh Year of Conference: 2012 Title: Software architecture recovery and re-documentation tool of a Hospital Information System Conference Name: 2012 International Conference on Computer and Communication Engineering (ICCCE) Pages: 143-146 Date: 3-5 July 2012 Short Title: Software architecture recovery and re-documentation tool of a Hospital Information System DOI: 10.1109/ICCCE.2012.6271169 Keywords: costing medical information systems software architecture HIS systems component-based architecture database access hospital information system maintenance cost estimation maintenance-oriented software architecture program linking redocumentation tool software architecture management system software architecture recovery software system software system documentation southern Taiwan top-down fashion Computer architecture Databases Documentation Hospitals Maintenance engineering Software Design recovery Software Reengineering Software maintenance Abstract: The fact that the maintenance cost occupies almost two-thirds of the total cost for a software system is reported repeatedly in research literatures. The high cost of software maintenance can be attributed to some common maintenance problems such as outdated software documents and obscured software architecture. This paper proposes a method undertaken by a medical center located in southern Taiwan to recover software architecture and rebuild documentation of its Hospital Information System. The architecture and documentation will serve as the foundation of migrating applications from legacy HIS systems to a component-based architecture. Our research starts with defining maintenance-oriented software architecture by studying system documents and interviewing experienced software analysts. The architectural information is then complemented by analyzing source code to address the incorrect system document issues. The recovered architectural information is stored into a repository in a top-down fashion. As we reconstruct the architecture, software developers need to provide additional descriptions to complete the documentation. A software architecture management system is developed to assist software developers in querying and maintaining software system documentation. The recovered architectural information could be used to evaluate change impacts, to extract activities of specific function such as database access and program linking, to discover relationship between user roles and functional items, and to estimate maintenance cost in the future. Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 8771 Author: Nakagawa, E. Y., Sousa, E. P. Machado de, Murata, K. de Brito, Andery, G. de Faria, Morelli, L. B. and Maldonado, J. C. Year of Conference: 2008 Title: Software Architecture Relevance in Open Source Software Evolution: A Case Study Conference Name: 2008 32nd Annual IEEE International Computer Software and Applications Conference Pages: 1234-1239 Date: July 28 2008-Aug. 1 2008 Short Title: Software Architecture Relevance in Open Source Software Evolution: A Case Study ISBN: 0730-3157 DOI: 10.1109/COMPSAC.2008.171 Keywords: DP industry public domain software software architecture software maintenance software reliability maintainability open source software software industry software quality Collaborative software Computer applications Computer architecture Linux Software design Software systems Unified modeling language open source software quality Abstract: Software architecture has received increasing attention of practitioners and researchers, since it has played a significant role in determining the success and quality of software systems. At the same time, the success of open source software (OSS) has also sparked interest of researchers in the universities and in the software industry. OSS has been largely used and developed and, as a consequence, the OSS quality has been a concern and an interesting subject for researchers. However, in spite of narrow relation between software architecture and software quality, there is lack of more detailed works that investigate how software architecture can influence OSS quality. In this paper, we present a case study reporting how software architecture is directly related to OSS quality. We have hence proposed architecture refactoring activity in order to repair software architectures, aiming at improving mainly maintainability, functionality and usability of these systems. Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8712 Author: Tang, Antony and Lau, Man F. Year: 2014 Title: Software architecture review by association Journal: Journal of Systems and Software Volume: 88 Pages: 87-101 Date: 2// Short Title: Software architecture review by association ISSN: 0164-1212 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jss.2013.09.044 Keywords: Software architecture review Design reasoning Verification of software architecture Abstract: During the process of software design, software architects have their reasons to choose certain software components to address particular software requirements and constraints. However, existing software architecture review techniques often rely on the design reviewers’ knowledge and experience, and perhaps using some checklists, to identify design gaps and issues, without questioning the reasoning behind the decisions made by the architects. In this paper, we approach design reviews from a design reasoning perspective. We propose to use an association-based review procedure to identify design issues by first associating all the relevant design concerns, problems and solutions systematically; and then verifying if the causal relationships between these design elements are valid. Using this procedure, we discovered new design issues in all three industrial cases, despite their internal architecture reviews and one of the three systems being operational. With the newly found design issues, we derive eight general design reasoning failure scenarios. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0164121213002409 Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9033 Author: Zayaraz, G. and Thambidurai, P. Year of Conference: 2005 Title: Software Architecture Selection Framework Based on Quality Attributes Conference Name: 2005 Annual IEEE India Conference - Indicon Pages: 167-170 Date: 11-13 Dec. 2005 Short Title: Software Architecture Selection Framework Based on Quality Attributes ISBN: 2325-940X DOI: 10.1109/INDCON.2005.1590147 Keywords: Decision Making Quality Attributes Requirements Software Architecture Computer architecture Decision support systems Educational institutions Failure analysis Security Software quality Software systems Abstract: Software Architectures are generally designed with particular functional and nonfunctional requirements. Organizations often need to choose Software Architecture for future development from several competing candidate architectures. The various Stakeholders' quality requirements need to be considered collectively to describe the quality requirements of the envisioned system and therefore build the basis for the comparison and selection criteria. Choosing Software Architecture for any system still remains a difficult task as many different stake holders are involved in the selection process. Stakeholders view on quality requirements is different and at times they can also be conflicting in nature. Existing software architecture selection methods [1, 2, 3, 4] have been analyzed to identify their limitations. To overcome the limitations and challenges, a selection framework has been proposed and validated based on multiattribute decision making using Hypothetical Equivalents [7]. The proposed framework provides the rationale for an architecture selection process by comparing the fitness of competing candidate architectures for the envisioned system based on the quality requirements of different Stakeholders. Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 8925 Author: Majidi, E., Alemi, M. and Rashidi, H. Year of Conference: 2010 Title: Software Architecture: A Survey and Classification Conference Name: 2010 Second International Conference on Communication Software and Networks Pages: 454-460 Date: 26-28 Feb. 2010 Short Title: Software Architecture: A Survey and Classification DOI: 10.1109/ICCSN.2010.94 Keywords: software architecture software complexity software management Communication system software Computer architecture Conference management Connectors Control systems Qualifications Software design Software quality Software systems Quality properties Styles software Abstract: As software systems enlarges, software complexity increases and controlling of the software management will be highly important. Systems are decomposed into many components, of which their organization shows new problems in software architecture. Selecting appropriate components for system architecture plays an important role in success or failure of software. This paper reviews the old and present styles of software architecture and presents a survey on classification of the styles. In this survey, advantages and disadvantages of three kinds of classifications are analyzed, and some criterions for choosing a suitable style in different applications are also presented. Notes: focus on software architecture Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 9133 Author: Maier, M. W., Emery, D. and Hilliard, R. Year: 2001 Title: Software architecture: introducing IEEE Standard 1471 Journal: Computer Volume: 34 Issue: 4 Pages: 107-109 Short Title: Software architecture: introducing IEEE Standard 1471 ISSN: 0018-9162 DOI: 10.1109/2.917550 Keywords: IEEE standards software architecture software standards IEEE Standard 1471 architectural description practices architecture descriptions embedded systems information systems product families product lines software intensive systems systems-of-systems Computer Society Computer architecture Embedded software Embedded system Software systems Standards development Vocabulary Abstract: IEEE Standard 1471 identifies sound practices to establish a framework and vocabulary for software architecture concepts.In 2000, the Computer Society approved IEEE Standard 1471, which documents a consensus on good architectural description practices. Five core concepts and relationships provide the foundation for the approved IEEE 1471 version: every system has an architecture, but an architecture is not a system; an architecture and an architecture description are not the same thing; architecture standards, descriptions, and development processes can differ and be developed separately; architecture descriptions are inherently multiviewed; and separating the concept of an object's view from its specification is an effective way to write architecture description standards. IEEE 1471 focuses on both software intensive systems and more general systems, such as information systems, embedded systems, systems-of-systems, product lines, and product families in which software plays a substantial role in development, operation, or evolution Reference Type: Book Section Record Number: 7852 Author: Bosch, Jan Year: 2004 Title: Software Architecture: The Next Step Editor: Oquendo, Flavio, Warboys, Brian C. and Morrison, Ron Book Title: Software Architecture: First European Workshop, EWSA 2004, St Andrews, UK, May 21-22, 2004. Proceedings Place Published: Berlin, Heidelberg Publisher: Springer Berlin Heidelberg Pages: 194-199 Short Title: Software Architecture: The Next Step ISBN: 978-3-540-24769-2 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-540-24769-2_14 Label: Bosch2004 Abstract: This position paper makes the following claims that, in our opinion, are worthwhile to discuss at the workshop. 1) The first phase of software architecture research, where the key concepts are components and connectors, has matured the technology to a level where industry adoption is wide-spread and few fundamental issues remain. 2) The traditional view on software architecture suffers from a number of key problems that cannot be solved without changing our perspective on the notion of software architecture. These problems include the lack of first-class representation of design decisions, the fact that these design decisions are cross-cutting and intertwined, that these problems lead to high maintenance cost, because of which design rules and constraints are easily violated and obsolete design decisions are not removed. 3) As a community, we need to take the next step and adopt the perspective that a software architecture is, fundamentally, a composition of architectural design decisions. These design decisions should be represented as first-class entities in the software architecture and it should, at least before system deployment, be possible to add, remove and change architectural design decisions against limited effort. URL: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-24769-2_14 Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8429 Author: Ahmad, Aakash and Babar, Muhammad Ali Year: 2016 Title: Software architectures for robotic systems: A systematic mapping study Journal: Journal of Systems and Software Volume: 122 Pages: 16-39 Date: 12// Short Title: Software architectures for robotic systems: A systematic mapping study ISSN: 0164-1212 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jss.2016.08.039 Keywords: Software architecture Robotic systems Evidence-based software engineering Software architecture for robotics Systematic mapping study Abstract: AbstractContext Several research efforts have been targeted to support architecture centric development and evolution of software for robotic systems for the last two decades. Objective We aimed to systematically identify and classify the existing solutions, research progress and directions that influence architecture-driven modeling, development and evolution of robotic software. Research Method We have used Systematic Mapping Study (SMS) method for identifying and analyzing 56 peer-reviewed papers. Our review has (i) taxonomically classified the existing research and (ii) systematically mapped the solutions, frameworks, notations and evaluation methods to highlight the role of software architecture in robotic systems. Results and Conclusions We have identified eight themes that support architectural solutions to enable (i) operations, (ii) evolution and (iii) development specific activities of robotic software. The research in this area has progressed from object-oriented to component-based and now to service-driven robotics representing different architectural models that emerged overtime. An emerging solution is cloud robotics that exploits the foundations of service-driven architectures to support an interconnected web of robots. The results of this SMS facilitate knowledge transfer – benefiting researchers and practitioners – focused on exploiting software architecture to model, develop and evolve robotic systems. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0164121216301479 Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9025 Author: Toffolon, C. and Dakhli, S. Year of Conference: 1998 Title: Software artifacts reuse and maintenance: an organizational framework Conference Name: Proceedings of the Second Euromicro Conference on Software Maintenance and Reengineering Pages: 228-233 Date: 8-11 Mar 1998 Short Title: Software artifacts reuse and maintenance: an organizational framework DOI: 10.1109/CSMR.1998.665824 Keywords: business data processing decision support systems software maintenance software reusability agency theory architecture space business services construction space decision support services high maintenance costs organizational framework process productivity project actors project failures software architecture software artifact maintenance software artifact reuse software complexity software engineering crisis software systems Costs Information technology Investments Productivity Software engineering Software measurement Stress Abstract: The role of software systems in organizations is constantly increasing and evolving; it consists of providing business and decision support services. Nevertheless, the value obtained from an organization's vast investment in information technology is often less than expected due in large measure to a crisis in software engineering caused by high maintenance costs and an increasing number of project failures. Many authors stress the fact that software reuse and software architecture permit organizations to improve process productivity, to deal with software complexity and to take into account all the aspects of software, but many problems related to software artifact reuse and maintenance must be solved. The paper provides a reuse organizational framework to deal with these problems, based on the agency theory and software architecture. The authors distinguish four spaces associated with project actors and examine most specifically interrelations between the architecture space and the construction space Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 9229 Author: Crnkovic, I., Stafford, J. and Szyperski, C. Year: 2011 Title: Software Components beyond Programming: From Routines to Services Journal: IEEE Software Volume: 28 Issue: 3 Pages: 22-26 Short Title: Software Components beyond Programming: From Routines to Services ISSN: 0740-7459 DOI: 10.1109/MS.2011.62 Keywords: object-oriented programming software engineering CBSE SE bottom-up approaches component based software engineering mass produced software components software architecture top-down approaches Object oriented modeling Unified modeling language component-based software engineering software component Abstract: Software engineering (SE) conference in 1968, Doug Mc Ilroy introduced the concept of software components during his keynote speech, "Mass-Produced Software Components." That components hold such an esteemed place in SE history should come as no surprise: componentization is a fundamental engineering principle. Top-down approaches decompose large systems into smaller parts-components and bottom-up approaches compose smaller parts components into larger systems. Since 1968, components have played a role in both SE research and practice. For example, components have been an immanent part of software architecture from its early days.2 In 1998, the In ternational Conference on Software Engineering introduced component based software engineering (CBSE) as a specific area within SE at the first workshop on CBSE. Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9121 Author: Jilong, Hua, Hui, Chen, Ohmori, M., Far, B. H. and Koono, Z. Year of Conference: 1996 Title: Software creation: an intelligent CASE tool experiment for switching software Conference Name: Communication Technology Proceedings, 1996. ICCT'96., 1996 International Conference on Volume: 2 Pages: 961-964 vol.2 Date: 5-7 May 1996 Short Title: Software creation: an intelligent CASE tool experiment for switching software DOI: 10.1109/ICCT.1996.545041 Keywords: computer aided software engineering electronic switching systems intelligent control intelligent design assistants software maintenance software reusability software tools telecommunication computing telecommunication control automatic software design system call process design knowledge design procedure detailing expert system intelligent CASE tool experiment software creation switching control system switching software task insertion Automatic control Control systems Expert systems Humans Intelligent systems Software design Software systems Abstract: This paper reports on an automatic software design system used for a switching control system. The design knowledge is gained from diagrams produced by a CASE tool during the initial human design, is stored in each corresponding expert system unit, and is reused for reproducing the design. The design procedure consists of splitting a call process, inserting tasks and detailing. Various considerations for implementing the system in an intelligent CASE tool are discussed Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9247 Author: Abolhassani, H., Hui, Chen, Far, B. H. and Koono, Z. Year of Conference: 1999 Title: Software creation: detail of human design knowledge and it's application to automatic software design Conference Name: Software Engineering Conference, 1999. (APSEC '99) Proceedings. Sixth Asia Pacific Pages: 412-419 Date: 1999 Short Title: Software creation: detail of human design knowledge and it's application to automatic software design DOI: 10.1109/APSEC.1999.809631 Keywords: automatic programming computer aided software engineering knowledge based systems learning (artificial intelligence) user modelling automatic design learning human designer automatic software design design rule design rules dictionary type definitions hierarchical detailing hierarchical work process human concept human design knowledge human mental operations knowledge model lower level structure micro design rules software creation software organization Application software Artificial intelligence Dictionaries Humans Intelligent structures Intelligent systems Knowledge engineering Process design Software design Software engineering Abstract: The paper reports on results of a study aiming at establishing a fundamental basis for automating design of any kind of software. Considering the final object, an automatic design learning human designer has been taken. An excellent software organization with high maturity has been taken as the expert, and the hierarchical work process is the knowledge model. For detailing, the major operations are made by hierarchical detailing. Namely, a software design may be reduced hierarchically to various design rules, which are parent and children relationship of a human concept created during expansion of a piece of design to more detailed form. To know the inside of human mental operations generating a design rule, a more detailed study was made and it was found that a design rule may be further reduced hierarchically to some fundamental human mental operations, called micro design rules. They represent basic operations during a design. After reporting them, a discussion on further lower level structure used during them, which are dictionary type definitions is made Notes: automatic design Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 8176 Author: Medvidovic, Nenad and Malek, Sam Year: 2007 Title: Software deployment architecture and quality-of-service in pervasive environments Conference Name: International workshop on Engineering of software services for pervasive environments: in conjunction with the 6th ESEC/FSE joint meeting Conference Location: Dubrovnik, Croatia Publisher: ACM Pages: 47-51 DOI: 10.1145/1294904.1294911 Place Published: 1294911 Abstract: Over the past several years we have investigated two problems related to the domain of highly distributed, mobile, resource constrained, embedded, and pervasive environments: software deployment and quality of service (QoS). We have done so with the explicit focus on the role played by software architecture in deployment, and on its relationship to QoS. In the process, we have amassed a body of knowledge and experience, and assembled a suite of solutions for targeting different facets of the interplay among software architecture, deployment, and QoS. At the same time, the area we are addressing has proven to be multi-faceted and very complex, constantly presenting new challenges. In this paper we outline the contours of the problem of QoS in architecture-based deployment, our strategy for addressing it, and the challenges that remain. We view this as an important (and fruitful) area of research. Notes: Focus on specific architecture Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8536 Author: Richmond, Alan Year: 1986 Title: Software design by object-oriented functional layering Journal: Computer Physics Communications Volume: 41 Issue: 2–3 Pages: 377-384 Date: 8// Short Title: Software design by object-oriented functional layering ISSN: 0010-4655 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0010-4655(86)90076-7 Abstract: The role of data abstraction in modern software engineering is examined. The benefits of software objects as instances of abstract data types (or multiprocedure modules) are explained and illustrated. The necessary language support is outlined. Some guidelines for object specification are derived from an ‘archetypal program’, partitioned into layers of virtual machines. Finally, we present a case study based on an interactice control program structure originally developed for tokamak plasma diagnostics, later adapted for astronomical database access. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0010465586900767 Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 9168 Author: Hollenbeck, D. A., Lindhorst, V. H. and Salomonsen, C. C. Year: 1981 Title: Software Design for Loft on-Line Computer Systems Journal: IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science Volume: 28 Issue: 1 Pages: 779-781 Short Title: Software Design for Loft on-Line Computer Systems ISSN: 0018-9499 DOI: 10.1109/TNS.1981.4331278 Keywords: Computer displays Data acquisition Decision making Inductors Reactor instrumentation Real time systems Software design Surveillance System testing US Government Abstract: The LOFT (Loss-of-Fluid Test) reactor facility is supported with a multiprocessor computer system for data acquisition, on-line data presentation, and other real-time functions. This paper describes the software design of the on-line functions of the LOFT computer system. An expansion of the system to support the LOFT Augmented Operator Capability Program has been implemented with the incorporation of an Operational Diagnostics and Display System (ODDS) to enhance reactor operator capability for decision making. The integration of the ODDS into the system is discussed with special attention to the software, and data flow through the entire system is traced. Recent developments toward advanced control room applications are addressed. Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 8941 Author: Kang, Y. and Yuan, M. Year of Conference: 2009 Title: Software design for mini-type ground control station of UAV Conference Name: 2009 9th International Conference on Electronic Measurement & Instruments Pages: 4-737-4-740 Date: 16-19 Aug. 2009 Short Title: Software design for mini-type ground control station of UAV DOI: 10.1109/ICEMI.2009.5274691 Keywords: aerospace computing aircraft navigation graphical user interfaces ground support systems remotely operated vehicles software engineering virtual instrumentation 2D flight situation GCS GUI UAV graphical user interface interoperability standards minitype ground control station multilayer structure model software compatibility software design software development unmanned aerial vehicle systems virtual instrument Application software Bidirectional control Control systems Hardware Information analysis Instruments Software standards Unmanned aerial vehicles flight situation limitation factor software architecture user interface Abstract: The guiding ideology and principle of GCS (Ground Control Station) software design & development were proposed by analyzing the role of CGS in UAV (Unmanned Aerial Vehicle) systems. Firstly, established an abstract GCS software structure model of bi-directional information interaction; Secondly, analyzed the hardware system constraints caused by development of portable, mini-type GCS, as well as influences on GCS software design. Also, GCS software compatibility and interoperability standards and requirements were discussed. In the process of software design, at first, made a comprehensive analysis of the content of UAV data & information; Then finished the virtual instrument application design, put forward a multi-layer architecture model of 2D flight situation. The structure model analysis, data & information analysis provides a good guidance to the procedure of GCS software design & development, so as to avoid blindness and improve development efficiency. Virtual instrument interface design reflects the basic method of GUI (Graphical User Interface) design. The proposed multi-layer structure model of 2D flight situation shows the general scheme to solve the problem of navigation information output. Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9323 Author: Liansheng, Liu and Jianfang, Zhang Year of Conference: 2009 Title: Software design for the fault diagnosis system of ATC based on neural networks Conference Name: 2009 Chinese Control and Decision Conference Pages: 5231-5233 Date: 17-19 June 2009 Short Title: Software design for the fault diagnosis system of ATC based on neural networks ISBN: 1948-9439 DOI: 10.1109/CCDC.2009.5195037 Keywords: expert systems fault diagnosis neural nets software engineering expert system limitation fault diagnosis system neural networks software design Artificial intelligence Artificial neural networks Databases Diagnostic expert systems Knowledge acquisition Knowledge representation BP Algorithm Expert System Neural Network Abstract: Because of the limitation of the expert system which is based on the rule, this text proposes introducing the neural network technology into the fault diagnosis system. Then we recommend the frame and the principle of the expert system. And at last, we complete the simulation experiment which indicates the rationality of this design. Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8761 Author: Kim, Y. and Evans, R. G. Year: 2009 Title: Software design for wireless sensor-based site-specific irrigation Journal: Computers and Electronics in Agriculture Volume: 66 Issue: 2 Pages: 159-165 Date: 5// Short Title: Software design for wireless sensor-based site-specific irrigation ISSN: 0168-1699 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compag.2009.01.007 Keywords: Software Wireless network Sensors Control Automation Water management Bluetooth GPS Abstract: In-field sensor-based site-specific irrigation management is of benefit to producers for efficient water management. Integration of the decision making process with the controls is a viable option for determining when and where to irrigate, and how much water to apply. This research presents the design of decision support software and its integration with an in-field wireless sensor network (WSN) to implement site-specific sprinkler irrigation control via Bluetooth wireless communication. Wireless in-field sensing and control (WISC) software was designed by four major design factors that provide real-time monitoring and control of both inputs (field data) and outputs (sprinkler controls) by simple click-and-play menu using graphical user interface (GUI), and optimized to adapt changes of crop design, irrigation pattern, and field location. The WISC software provides remote access to in-field micrometeorological information from the distributed WSN and variable-rate irrigation control. An algorithm for nozzle sequencing was developed to stagger nozzle-on operations so as evenly distributed over the 60-s cycle. Sensor-based closed-loop irrigation was highly correlated to catch can water with r2 = 0.98. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0168169909000209 Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 7931 Author: IV, Robert G. Pettit and Gomaa, Hassan Year: 1995 Title: A software design method for Ada 95 based concurrent and real-time systems Conference Name: Proceedings of the conference on TRI-Ada '95: Ada's role in global markets: solutions for a changing complex world Conference Location: Anaheim, California, USA Publisher: ACM Pages: 144-147 DOI: 10.1145/376503.376550 Place Published: 376550 Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9035 Author: Carmeli, S., Cosatto, E., Monti, A. and Penno, C. Year of Conference: 1998 Title: Software design methodology for power electronics applications Conference Name: COM.P.EL.98. Record 6th Workshop on Computer in Power Electronics (Cat. No.98TH8358) Pages: XVII-XXXIII Date: 1998 Short Title: Software design methodology for power electronics applications ISBN: 1093-5142 DOI: 10.1109/CIPE.1998.779650 Keywords: IEC standards Petri nets cycloconvertors electronic engineering computing power electronics software engineering synchronous motor drives visual languages ESPRIT Project INFORMA IEC 1131-3 standard cycloconverter digital controller electrical drives embedded systems formal methodologies graphical language Functional Block Diagram integrated toolbox power electronics applications software design software design methodology software engineering techniques software specification synchronous machine Analytical models Application software Software standards Software testing Time factors Abstract: The aim of this tutorial is to propose a new software design methodology for power electronics applications. The necessity of an integrated view of the process has found a first response in software engineering techniques. The application of formal methodologies, as Petri Nets, for software specification allows testing and validation of time constraints. The compliance with IEC 1131-3 standard plays a key role in software design and suggests the utilisation of the graphical language Functional Block Diagram (FBD). A new approach, funded by the European Community under the ESPRIT Project INFORMA, is presented. In particular INFORMA develops an integrated toolbox for designing, simulating, and analysing embedded (hybrid) systems, where the digital controller and the analog embedding are strictly connected. An example of electrical drives application based on a synchronous machine fed by a cycloconverter is then presented to exemplify the new methodology Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8960 Author: Budgen, D. Year: 1999 Title: Software design methods: life belt or leg iron? Journal: IEEE Software Volume: 16 Issue: 5 Pages: 136, 133-135 Short Title: Software design methods: life belt or leg iron? ISSN: 0740-7459 DOI: 10.1109/52.795114 Keywords: software engineering technological forecasting future risk software design methods software development process software process deterioration software process improvement suboptimum solutions Belts Design methodology Hazards Humans Iron Leg Problem-solving Process design Programming Software design Abstract: Do software design methods have a future? The issue I explore in this article is concerned with the problems that the use of design methods can present. It can be expressed as a question: “Will the adoption of a design method help the software development process (the `life belt' role), or is there significant risk that its use will lead to suboptimum solutions (the `leg iron' role)?” (I use “method” to mean “a way of doing something”, rather than using the more pretentious-sounding “methodology”, which more correctly means “study of methods”). To address, but not necessarily answer, this question, I first consider what designing involves in a wider context, and then compare this with what we do, and finally consider what this might imply for the future Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9315 Author: Vaghela, R. K. and Pithva, K. A. Year of Conference: 2016 Title: Software design pattern approach to develop login framework Conference Name: 2016 3rd International Conference on Computing for Sustainable Global Development (INDIACom) Pages: 1013-1017 Date: 16-18 March 2016 Short Title: Software design pattern approach to develop login framework Keywords: authorisation software engineering biological identification cyber security experts design pattern based login framework one time password software design pattern approach software system user authentication module user credentials Conferences Decision support systems Handheld computers Design Pattern Framework GOF Java Login Abstract: User Authentication module plays a crucial role in a software system. This module must be very well defined by Cyber Security Experts. It takes much versatility according to changes in environment as well as technology. User authentication may be provided in several ways like user credentials, biological identification, One Time Password and many more. It is difficult and complex to manage future requirement & day to day changes in authentication module. The framework is one of the ways to provide the solution to the problem. There are many tread-offs to design the framework. This paper focuses on software design pattern based framework for authentication module. Using this design pattern based login framework, developers can easily manage future requirement. It provides extensibility and flexibility to applications. Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 8854 Author: Chowdhury, M. I. and Katchabaw, M. Year of Conference: 2012 Title: Software design patterns for enabling auto dynamic difficulty in video games Conference Name: 2012 17th International Conference on Computer Games (CGAMES) Pages: 76-80 Date: July 30 2012-Aug. 1 2012 Short Title: Software design patterns for enabling auto dynamic difficulty in video games DOI: 10.1109/CGames.2012.6314555 Keywords: computer games object-oriented programming software reusability Pac-Man auto dynamic difficulty player expertise proof-of-concept prototype system reusability software design patterns video games Computers Context Detectors Games Monitoring Production facilities Software design game balancing software design pattern Abstract: Auto dynamic difficulty is the technique of automatically changing the level of difficulty of a video game in real time to match player expertise. In this paper, we describe a collection of software design patterns for enabling auto dynamic difficulty in video games. The benefits of a design pattern approach include more reusability and lower risk compared to traditional ad hoc approaches. We implemented these design patterns as a proof-of-concept prototype system using Pac-Man as a test-bed. Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8511 Author: Koo, Seo Ryong and Seong, Poong Hyun Year: 2006 Title: Software design specification and analysis technique (SDSAT) for the development of safety-critical systems based on a programmable logic controller (PLC) Journal: Reliability Engineering & System Safety Volume: 91 Issue: 6 Pages: 648-664 Date: 6// Short Title: Software design specification and analysis technique (SDSAT) for the development of safety-critical systems based on a programmable logic controller (PLC) ISSN: 0951-8320 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ress.2005.05.006 Keywords: Safety-critical system V& V Design specification and analysis PLC Abstract: This paper introduces a Software Design Specification and Analysis Technique (SDSAT) for safety-critical systems based on a Programmable Logic Controller (PLC). During software development phases, the design phase performs an important role in connecting the requirements phase and the implementation phase, and it is a process of translating software requirements into software structures. In this work, the Nuclear FBD-style Design Specification and analysis (NuFDS) approach was proposed for nuclear Instrumentation and Control (I&C) software. The NuFDS approach is suggested in a straightforward manner for effective and formal software design specification and analysis. Accordingly, the proposed NuFDS approach is composed of a software design specification technique and a software design analysis technique. In addition, for tool support in the design phase, we developed the NuSDS tool based on the NuFDS approach; this tool is used specifically for generating software design specification and analysis for nuclear fields. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0951832005001286 Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9591 Author: Seo Ryong, Koo, Poong Hyun, Seong and Sung Deok, Cha Year of Conference: 2004 Title: Software design specification and analysis technique for the safety critical software based on programmable logic controller (PLC) Conference Name: Eighth IEEE International Symposium on High Assurance Systems Engineering, 2004. Proceedings. Pages: 283-284 Date: 25-26 March 2004 Short Title: Software design specification and analysis technique for the safety critical software based on programmable logic controller (PLC) ISBN: 1530-2059 DOI: 10.1109/HASE.2004.1281760 Keywords: control engineering computing formal specification programmable controllers safety-critical software software architecture systems analysis PLC hardware configuration database formal design analysis programmable logic controller safety critical software software design analysis software design specification software development software structure system behavior Computer science Design engineering Hardware Programmable control Programming Software design Software quality Software safety Spatial databases Abstract: This paper introduces the software design specification and analysis technique for the safety-critical system based on programmable logic controller (PLC). During software development phases, the design should perform an important role to connect between requirements phase and implementation phase as a process of translating problem requirements into software structures. In this work, the design specification features for nuclear instrumentation and control (I&C) software are suggested in a straight forward manner. It consists of four major specifications as follows; database, software architecture, system behavior, and PLC hardware configuration. Additionally, correctness, completeness, consistency, and traceability check techniques are also suggested for the formal design analysis. Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 9517 Author: Kuhn, S. Year: 1998 Title: The software design studio: an exploration Journal: IEEE Software Volume: 15 Issue: 2 Pages: 65-71 Short Title: The software design studio: an exploration ISSN: 0740-7459 DOI: 10.1109/52.663788 Keywords: computer science education continuing education professional aspects software engineering teaching building design design media design patterns design solutions development practices heterogeneous issues informal critique nontechnical aspects open ended problems project based work software design studio software designers software implications software practice software practitioners software professionals studio course usability user needs very rapid iteration work practices Computer architecture Control engineering education Engineering education Fellows Proposals Prototypes Psychology Reflection Software design Time factors Abstract: Some software designers have recently turned for inspiration to the process of building design to improve development practices and increase software's usefulness and effectiveness. Architects' education revolves around the studio course, which promotes: project based work on complex and open ended problems; very rapid iteration of design solutions; frequent formal and informal critique; consideration of heterogeneous issues; the use of precedent and thinking about the whole; the creative use of constraints; and the central importance of design media. M. Kapor (1991) suggested that software practitioners needed to “rethink the fundamentals of how software is made” and proposed the architect's role in building design as a fruitful analogy for software professionals seeking to reform software practice. This analogy helps us focus on usefulness, usability, user needs and practices, and other technical and nontechnical aspects of good software design. It highlights concerns about people's lives and work practices and how people “inhabit” systems. Several authors have explored similarities and differences between software design and building design, including some who have pursued the software implications of architect Christopher Alexander's design patterns Notes: tool Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 8017 Author: Shani, Uri and Sela, Aviad Year: 2008 Title: Software design using UML for empowering end-users with an external domain specific language Conference Name: Proceedings of the 4th international workshop on End-user software engineering Conference Location: Leipzig, Germany Publisher: ACM Pages: 52-55 DOI: 10.1145/1370847.1370859 Place Published: 1370859 Abstract: Domain Specific Languages (DSL) also known as "small languages" lack the power of a general purpose language (GPL), but are very productive for the purpose they are designed. While "internal" DSLs require and rely on the use of a hosting GPL, "external" DSLs are independent of a GPL and are thus more suitable for the non-programmer - but domain expert - end-user. Empowering this end-user via DSLs is our prime goal as software designers and architects. Our product will be stronger since much of the final tuning of the application can be done by the end-user and will reduce the number of software revisions that require stringent GPL software testing and validations. As software engineers, the design of a DSL as part of our product should fit into the tools of the trade of software development. We adopt UML for this purpose and propose that the design of DSL can be embedded as an extension of the traditional software modeling and design tools. In this paper we present firstly a view of software development process in which DSLs are an integral part, and than how we use UML to design a DSL which, via empowering a domain expert end-user, achieves challenging software delivery requirements with good stability and excellent performance. Notes: tool development Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 7970 Author: Dickover, Melvin E., McGowan, Clement L. and Ross, Douglas T. Year: 1977 Title: Software design using: SADT Conference Name: Proceedings of the 1977 annual conference Conference Location: Seattle, Washington Publisher: ACM Pages: 125-133 DOI: 10.1145/800179.810192 Place Published: 810192 Abstract: SADT TM, Structured Analysis and Design Technique, is a graphical language for describing systems. In this paper we indicate the role of SADT in software design. The graphical language provides a powerful design vocabulary in which a designer can concisely and unambiguously express his design. SADT is compatible with widely used contemporary design methodologies including Structured Design and the Jackson method. Notes: Design technique Reference Type: Book Section Record Number: 7844 Author: Tang, Antony and van Vliet, Hans Year: 2015 Title: Software Designers Satisfice Editor: Weyns, Danny, Mirandola, Raffaela and Crnkovic, Ivica Book Title: Software Architecture: 9th European Conference, ECSA 2015, Dubrovnik/Cavtat, Croatia, September 7-11, 2015. Proceedings Place Published: Cham Publisher: Springer International Publishing Pages: 105-120 Short Title: Software Designers Satisfice ISBN: 978-3-319-23727-5 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-23727-5_9 Label: Tang2015 Abstract: The software architecture community has advocated design rationale in the last decade. However, there is little knowledge of how much reasoning is performed when software design judgments are made. In this study, we investigated the amount of design reasoning performed before making a decision. We recruited 32 students and 40 professionals to participate in this software architecture design study. We found that most subjects needed only a few reasons before making their decisions. They considered that giving a few reasons were good enough to judge despite that more reasons could be found. This result shows a satisficing behavior in design decision making. We explore the implications of this common behavior on software architecture design. URL: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-23727-5_9 Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 8189 Author: Kashyap, Divya and Misra, A. K. Year: 2013 Title: Software development cost estimation using similarity difference between software attributes Conference Name: Proceedings of the 2013 International Conference on Information Systems and Design of Communication Conference Location: Lisboa, Portugal Publisher: ACM Pages: 1-6 DOI: 10.1145/2503859.2503860 Place Published: 2503860 Abstract: Although software industry has seen a tremendous growth and expansion since its birth, it is continuously facing problems in its evolution. The major challenge for this industry is to produce quality software which is timely designed and build with proper cost estimates. Thus the techniques for controlling the quality and predicting cost of software are in the center of attention for many software firms. In this paper, we have tried to propose a cost estimation model based on Multiobjective Particle Swarm Optimization (MPSO) to tune the parameters of the famous COstructive COst MOdel (COCOMO). This cost estimation model is integrated with Quality Function Deployment (QFD) methodology to assist decision making in software designing and development processes for improving the quality. This unique combination will help the project managers to efficiently plan the overall software development life cycle of the software product. Notes: Cost estimation technique Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 9222 Author: Faber, D. J. Year: 1975 Title: Software Development for Distributed Systems Journal: Computer Volume: 8 Issue: 6 Pages: 68-69 Short Title: Software Development for Distributed Systems ISSN: 0018-9162 DOI: 10.1109/C-M.1975.218997 Keywords: Communication industry Computer industry Constraint optimization Distributed control Programming Runtime Software tools System testing Systems engineering and theory Abstract: My prime interest in participating in this session is to project the applicability of SP to the development of software for Distributed Computer Systems (such as the UC Irvine Distributed Computer System and the CMU C.MMP). The difficulties common to all software design and development efforts are made even more acute when writing software for a DCS. Setting up experiments that involve widely separated, loosely coupled computers is not an easy or straightforward task. Error situations may develop fortuitously and then evade most efforts to cause them to occur again. In this predicament, structured modular top-down programming techniques appear likely to play an important role since they offer an opportunity to bring significant software reliability improvements. Notes: focus on distributed systems Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 7924 Author: Dubinsky, Yael, Kruchten, Philippe, Finkelstein, Anthony, Bass, Len, Chulani, Sunita and Prikladnicki, Rafael Year: 2010 Title: Software Development Governance (SDG) Workshop Conference Name: Proceedings of the 32nd ACM/IEEE International Conference on Software Engineering - Volume 2 Conference Location: Cape Town, South Africa Publisher: ACM Pages: 463-464 DOI: 10.1145/1810295.1810430 Place Published: 1810430 Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 8884 Author: Dubinsky, Y., Kruchten, P., Finkelstein, A., Bass, L., Chulani, S. and Prikladnicki, R. Year of Conference: 2010 Title: Software Development Governance (SDG) Workshop Conference Name: 2010 ACM/IEEE 32nd International Conference on Software Engineering Volume: 2 Pages: 463-464 Date: 2-8 May 2010 Short Title: Software Development Governance (SDG) Workshop ISBN: 0270-5257 DOI: 10.1145/1810295.1810430 Keywords: decision making roles and responsibilities software development governance Abstract: This is the introduction of the 3rd workshop on Software Development Governance (SDG), which will take place as part of ICSE 2010. This year we have combined two successful workshops (SDG - software development governance and LMSA -- leadership and management in software architecture) since both workshops deal with decisions that are part of the development process e.g., business and organizational decisions that impact the technical decisions concerned with the product architecture and the product quality. Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9166 Author: Penaflor, B. G., McHarg, B. B. and Piglowski, D. Year of Conference: 1997 Title: Software development on the DIII-D control and data acquisition computers Conference Name: 17th IEEE/NPSS Symposium Fusion Engineering (Cat. No.97CH36131) Volume: 2 Pages: 811-814 vol.2 Date: 6-10 Oct 1997 Short Title: Software development on the DIII-D control and data acquisition computers DOI: 10.1109/FUSION.1997.687749 Keywords: computerised control data acquisition fusion reactor design fusion reactor ignition fusion reactor operation nuclear engineering computing physical instrumentation control plasma beam injection heating plasma toroidal confinement software engineering software maintenance software reliability DIII-D control computers DIII-D tokamak NBI heating data acquisition computers fusion research neutral beam injection reliability software development tokamak monitoring tokamak operations Communication system control Control systems Monitoring Particle beams Programming Software development management Software systems Tokamaks Abstract: The various software systems developed for the DIII-D tokamak have played a highly visible and important role in tokamak operations and fusion research. Because of the heavy reliance on in-house developed software encompassing all aspects of operating the tokamak, much attention has been given to the careful design, development and maintenance of these software systems. Software systems responsible for tokamak control and monitoring, neutral beam injection, and data acquisition demand the highest level of reliability during plasma operations. These systems made up of hundreds of programs totaling thousands of lines of code have presented a wide variety of software design and development issues ranging from low level hardware communications, database management, and distributed process control, to man machine interfaces. The focus of this paper will be to describe how software is developed and managed for the DIII-D control and data acquisition computers. It will include an overview and status of software systems implemented for tokamak control, neutral beam control, and data acquisition. The issues and challenges faced developing and managing the large amounts of software in support of the dynamic and everchanging needs of the DIII-D experimental program will be addressed Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 8845 Author: Wang, S., Zhao, J., Wang, A., Yang, K. and Tian, C. Year of Conference: 2010 Title: Software Development on the Establishment of Local Marine Geomagnetic Filed Model Conference Name: 2010 International Conference on Electrical and Control Engineering Pages: 1977-1980 Date: 25-27 June 2010 Short Title: Software Development on the Establishment of Local Marine Geomagnetic Filed Model DOI: 10.1109/iCECE.2010.486 Keywords: geomagnetic variations geophysics computing splines (mathematics) local marine geomagnetic filed model polyhedral function polynomial rectangular harmonic analysis software development spherical cap harmonic spline function Accuracy Analytical models Data models Harmonic analysis Polynomials Software systems local geomagnetic field modeling requirment analysis software testing Abstract: Geomagnetic field is the one of the inherent physical characteristics of the earth. For earthquake prediction to independent navigation or to other applications, local geomagnetic model plays a very important role. In order to control the performance of the local geomagnetic field model, the methods like polynomial, polyhedral function, spline function, rectangular harmonic analysis and spherical cap harmonic are discussed in detail in this paper. Integrated these methods, a software on the establishment of local geomagnetic field model is developed. The software is tested in a local area. The experiment shows that the software design is reasonable, the methods used in the software are right, and the accuracy of establishing local geomagnetic field model is higher and can meet 5 nT high-precise requirements. Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 8002 Author: Jagroep, Erik A., Werf, Jan Martijn van der, Brinkkemper, Sjaak, Procaccianti, Giuseppe, Lago, Patricia, Blom, Leen and Vliet, Rob van Year: 2016 Title: Software energy profiling: comparing releases of a software product Conference Name: Proceedings of the 38th International Conference on Software Engineering Companion Conference Location: Austin, Texas Publisher: ACM Pages: 523-532 DOI: 10.1145/2889160.2889216 Place Published: 2889216 Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9007 Author: Jagroep, E. A., Werf, J. M. van der, Brinkkemper, S., Procaccianti, G., Lago, P., Blom, L. and Vliet, R. van Year of Conference: 2016 Title: Software Energy Profiling: Comparing Releases of a Software Product Conference Name: 2016 IEEE/ACM 38th International Conference on Software Engineering Companion (ICSE-C) Pages: 523-532 Date: 14-22 May 2016 Short Title: Software Energy Profiling: Comparing Releases of a Software Product Keywords: energy conservation energy consumption program diagnostics software engineering software product lines energy efficiency hardware technology software energy consumption software energy profiling software product organizations Databases Energy measurement Hardware Servers Software Software measurement Profiling Software Architecture Software Product Abstract: In the quest for energy efficiency of Information and Communication Technology, so far research has mostly focused on the role of hardware. However, as hardware technology becomes more sophisticated, the role of software becomes crucial. Recently, the impact of software on energy consumption has been acknowledged as significant by researchers in software engineering. In spite of that, measuring the energy consumption of software has proven to be a challenge, due to the large number of variables that need to be controlled to obtain reliable measurements. Due to cost and time constraints, many software product organizations are unable to effectively measure the energy consumption of software. This prevents them to be in control over the energy efficiency of their products. In this paper, we propose a software energy profiling method to reliably compare the energy consumed by a software product across different releases, from the perspective of a software organization. Our method allows to attribute differences in energy consumption to changes in the software. We validate our profiling method through an empirical experiment on two consecutive releases of a commercial software product. We demonstrate how the method can be applied by organizations and provide an analysis of the software related changes in energy consumption. Our results show that, despite a lack of precise measurements, energy consumption differences between releases of a software product can be quantified down to the level of individual processes. Additionally, the results provide insights on how specific software changes might affect energy consumption. Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9466 Author: Kim, D., Kim, S., Kim, S. and Park, S. Year of Conference: 2008 Title: Software Engineering Education Toolkit for Embedded Software Architecture Design Methodology Using Robotic Systems Conference Name: 2008 15th Asia-Pacific Software Engineering Conference Pages: 317-324 Date: 3-5 Dec. 2008 Short Title: Software Engineering Education Toolkit for Embedded Software Architecture Design Methodology Using Robotic Systems ISBN: 1530-1362 DOI: 10.1109/APSEC.2008.58 Keywords: computer science education software architecture embedded software architecture design methodology robotic systems software development software engineering education toolkit Computer architecture Computer industry Design methodology Educational products Educational robots Embedded software Manufacturing industries Service robots Software engineering Systems engineering education Methodology Robotics Software Design Software Engineering Education Abstract: Recently, industries need more effective software engineering education for undergraduate students as software plays an increasingly important role in consumer products. Specifically, the manufacturing industry emphasizes overall experience with software development processes from requirements to implementation in embedded software development. This paper proposes an educational toolkit focusing on architecture design methodology for embedded software and reports experience with teaching software engineering by using the toolkit. The toolkit has several tools that support methodology education. The toolkit consists of three perspectives: people, process, and technology. Each perspective represents a set of tools which can support educational activities. Particularly, the toolkit introduces LEGO MindStorms NXT as a robotic system to provide experiences with embedded software development, and visible and tangible course materials. We have conducted a case study based on the toolkit in undergraduate-level classes. The case study shows the toolkit can be successfully applied in undergraduate-level software engineering education. Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 9409 Author: Francioni, J. M. and Kandel, A. Year: 1988 Title: A software engineering tool for expert system design Journal: IEEE Expert Volume: 3 Issue: 1 Pages: 33-41 Short Title: A software engineering tool for expert system design ISSN: 0885-9000 DOI: 10.1109/64.2093 Keywords: decision tables expert systems software tools design tool expert system design production-type knowledge bases software engineering tool Control systems Design methodology Humans Phase detection Production systems Software design Software engineering Springs Abstract: The properties of design tools for expert systems are identified. A design tool is presented for constructing production-type knowledge bases that provides a straightforward methodology and adheres to these properties. The use of decision tables in software design is discussed, and a modified table that can be used for the present application is presented.<> Notes: tool Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9277 Author: Kantardzic, M., Jusupovic, U., Filipovic, A., Gujic, N., Delic, K. and Glavic, H. Year of Conference: 1990 Title: Software environment for real-time expert systems including crisis state prediction Conference Name: Real Time, 1990. Proceedings., Euromicro '90 Workshop on Pages: 180-188 Date: 6-8 Jun 1990 Short Title: Software environment for real-time expert systems including crisis state prediction DOI: 10.1109/EMWRT.1990.128248 Keywords: expert systems programming environments real-time systems PC MS-DOS UNIX operating system crisis state prediction distributed computer architecture host computer knowledge base real-time expert systems software architecture software environment Algorithm design and analysis Artificial intelligence Computer architecture Control systems Humans Military computing Real time systems Uncertainty Abstract: A comprehensive environment for real-time expert system development and implementation is described. The software is installed on a relatively simple distributed computer architecture, consisting of a workstation running UNIX operating system as a host computer, and a PC MS-DOS machine as a process computer. This architecture was chosen for an experimental prototype of the system, since addition of several more PC stations does not require any basic intervention on the software, and thus is easy to do. The basic intention is to create a flexible system, emphasizing the simple and relatively low-cost equipment needed for its installation. The shell offers methods for prediction of physical-system critical states. The computer and software architecture, the knowledge base, and the implementation are described in detail Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8472 Author: Zhang, Lanlan, Hub, Martina, Mang, Sarah, Thieke, Christian, Nix, Oliver, Karger, Christian P. and Floca, Ralf O. Year: 2013 Title: Software for quantitative analysis of radiotherapy: Overview, requirement analysis and design solutions Journal: Computer Methods and Programs in Biomedicine Volume: 110 Issue: 3 Pages: 528-537 Date: 6// Short Title: Software for quantitative analysis of radiotherapy: Overview, requirement analysis and design solutions ISSN: 0169-2607 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cmpb.2013.03.002 Keywords: Radiobiological model TCP NTCP Dose comparison Radiotherapy analysis software Abstract: Radiotherapy is a fast-developing discipline which plays a major role in cancer care. Quantitative analysis of radiotherapy data can improve the success of the treatment and support the prediction of outcome. In this paper, we first identify functional, conceptional and general requirements on a software system for quantitative analysis of radiotherapy. Further we present an overview of existing radiotherapy analysis software tools and check them against the stated requirements. As none of them could meet all of the demands presented herein, we analyzed possible conceptional problems and present software design solutions and recommendations to meet the stated requirements (e.g. algorithmic decoupling via dose iterator pattern; analysis database design). As a proof of concept we developed a software library “RTToolbox” following the presented design principles. The RTToolbox is available as open source library and has already been tested in a larger-scale software system for different use cases. These examples demonstrate the benefit of the presented design principles. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0169260713000783 Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 8988 Author: Yunfeng, Wen, Shufeng, Dong, Bin, Deng, Jianlei, Cui, Yifeng, Wang, Lianggang, Huang and Chuangxin, Guo Year of Conference: 2013 Title: Software implementation of risk-based dispatch Conference Name: 2013 IEEE Power & Energy Society General Meeting Pages: 1-4 Date: 21-25 July 2013 Short Title: Software implementation of risk-based dispatch ISBN: 1932-5517 DOI: 10.1109/PESMG.2013.6672751 Keywords: disasters load dispatching power engineering computing risk analysis service-oriented architecture RBDS SOA based software architecture decision-making tool natural disasters risk based dispatch system software implementation system operational risk weather Load flow Reliability Semiconductor optical amplifiers decision-making dispatch risk Abstract: In this paper, the implementation of a risk based dispatch system (RBDS) for identifying, assessing and controlling system operational risk associated with weather & natural disasters is illustrated. Firstly, a risk-based dispatch framework is presented, then SOA based software architecture of RBDS is discussed. Practical experiences show RBDS could be a useful decision-making tool for operators. Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 8929 Author: McGeady, S. Year of Conference: 1992 Title: The software infrastructure for computer-supported collaboration Conference Name: Digest of Papers COMPCON Spring 1992 Pages: 2-4 Date: 24-28 Feb. 1992 Short Title: The software infrastructure for computer-supported collaboration DOI: 10.1109/CMPCON.1992.186677 Keywords: audio systems computer graphics computer networks groupware interactive video microcomputer applications communication compressed motion video computer-generated graphics computer-supported collaboration cooperating teams high-fidelity audio interaction network-distributed software systems personal computers software architecture software infrastructure Collaborative software Electronic mail Image coding Microcomputers Multimedia computing Multimedia systems Productivity Streaming media Video compression Abstract: It is pointed out that, as personal computers move from their current role of personal productivity aids to enhancing the work of cooperating teams of individuals, technologies are developing that allow a richer style of communication and interaction. The integration of computer-generated graphics, compressed motion video and high-fidelity audio into network-distributed software systems promises to bring new challenges to the software architecture of these systems. The author discusses some of these challenges.<> Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 8308 Author: Sabharwal, Manuj R. Year: 2011 Title: Software power optimization: analysis and optimization for energy-efficient software Conference Name: Proceedings of the 17th IEEE/ACM international symposium on Low-power electronics and design Conference Location: Fukuoka, Japan Publisher: IEEE Press Pages: 63-64 Place Published: 2016821 Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9481 Author: Sabharwal, M. R. Year of Conference: 2011 Title: Software power optimization: Analysis and optimization for energy-efficient software Conference Name: IEEE/ACM International Symposium on Low Power Electronics and Design Pages: 63-64 Date: 1-3 Aug. 2011 Short Title: Software power optimization: Analysis and optimization for energy-efficient software ISBN: Pending DOI: 10.1109/ISLPED.2011.5993607 Keywords: energy conservation optimisation power aware computing program diagnostics software engineering battery impact energy aware software design energy usage energy-efficient software analysis low power consumer based system power consumption minimization software power optimization Batteries Hardware Media Optimization Power demand Software Tutorials energy aware computing power optimization software optimization Abstract: Software is increasingly becoming a central issue in low power consumer based system. The amount of energy consumed by software has severe battery impact on the system. Minimizing power consumption is one of the primary challenges that today's developers faces due to lack of instrumentation functionality in the system. This tutorial will cover different prospect of energy usage and energy aware software design in system ranging from notebooks to smartphones/tablets. This tutorial will give special importance on the role of idle software in attain overall system energy efficiency. In Summary, this tutorial will give overview of software impact on hardware, quantify the impact and fix the issues in applications to extend the battery life. Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9623 Author: Yunze, Wang and Yuting, Yang Year of Conference: 2014 Title: Software process based on workflow in specific areas Conference Name: 2014 IEEE Workshop on Advanced Research and Technology in Industry Applications (WARTIA) Pages: 1191-1194 Date: 29-30 Sept. 2014 Short Title: Software process based on workflow in specific areas DOI: 10.1109/WARTIA.2014.6976493 Keywords: software architecture user interfaces workflow management software business logic software process system software architecture user task interface workflow diagrams Bean model Conferences Industry applications Organizations Software specific areas workflow Abstract: Ground on features of application systems with workflow as the core, this paper tailors “software process based on workflow”, which focuses on three areas: workflow diagrams, user task interface, and business logic. In addition to, it analyzes and defines the basic tasks, the basic roles and basic working product to complete these three areas. This paper is to draw up development steps and illustrate system software architecture with this software process. The experimental example show that “software process based on workflow” could greatly improve quality and efficiency of application system product. Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8565 Author: Ahmed, Faheem and Capretz, Luiz Fernando Year: 2008 Title: The software product line architecture: An empirical investigation of key process activities Journal: Information and Software Technology Volume: 50 Issue: 11 Pages: 1098-1113 Date: 10// Short Title: The software product line architecture: An empirical investigation of key process activities ISSN: 0950-5849 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.infsof.2007.10.013 Keywords: Software product line Software architecture Empirical study Software engineering Domain engineering Abstract: Software architecture has been a key area of concern in software industry due to its profound impact on the productivity and quality of software products. This is even more crucial in case of software product line, because it deals with the development of a line of products sharing common architecture and having controlled variability. The main contributions of this paper is to increase the understanding of the influence of key software product line architecture process activities on the overall performance of software product line by conducting a comprehensive empirical investigation covering a broad range of organizations currently involved in the business of software product lines. This is the first study to empirically investigate and demonstrate the relationships between some of the software product line architecture process activities and the overall software product line performance of an organization at the best of our knowledge. The results of this investigation provide empirical evidence that software product line architecture process activities play a significant role in successfully developing and managing a software product line. Notes: Focus on software product line architecture URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0950584907001243 'File' Attachments: internal-pdf://4231218876/The software product line architecture An empi.pdf Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8468 Author: Li, Ming, Wu, Huapeng, Handroos, Heikki, Yang, Guangyou and Wang, Yongbo Year: 2015 Title: Software protocol design: Communication and control in a multi-task robot machine for ITER vacuum vessel assembly and maintenance Journal: Fusion Engineering and Design Volume: 98–99 Pages: 1532-1537 Date: 10// Short Title: Software protocol design: Communication and control in a multi-task robot machine for ITER vacuum vessel assembly and maintenance ISSN: 0920-3796 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fusengdes.2015.05.058 Keywords: ITER Multi-task robot Protocol design Software design Real-time control Abstract: A specific communication and control protocol for software design of a multi-task robot machine is proposed. In order to fulfill the requirements on the complicated multi machining functions and the high performance motion control, the software design of robot is divided into two main parts accordingly, which consists of the user-oriented HMI part and robot control-oriented real-time control system. The two parts of software are deployed in the different hardware for the consideration of run-time performance, which forms a client–server-control architecture. Therefore a high-level task-oriented protocol is designed for the data inter-communication between the HMI part and the control system part, in which all the transmitting data related to a machining task is divided into three categories: trajectory-oriented data, task control-oriented data and status monitoring-oriented data. The protocol consists of three sub-protocols accordingly – a trajectory protocol, task control protocol and status protocol – which are deployed over the Ethernet and run as independent processes in both the client and server computers. The protocols are able to manage the vast amounts of data streaming due to the multi machining functions in a more efficient way. Since the protocol is functioning in the software as a role of middleware, and providing the data interface standards for the developing groups of two parts of software, it also permits greater focus of both software parts developers on their own requirements-oriented design. By applying these protocols, the software for a multi-task robot machine that is used for ITER vacuum vessel assembly and maintenance has been developed and it is demonstrated that machining tasks of the robot machine, such as milling, drilling, welding etc., can be implemented in both an individual and composite way. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0920379615003555 Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8504 Author: Kovačević, Marko, Madić, Miloš and Radovanović, Miroslav Year: 2013 Title: Software prototype for validation of machining optimization solutions obtained with meta-heuristic algorithms Journal: Expert Systems with Applications Volume: 40 Issue: 17 Pages: 6985-6996 Date: 12/1/ Short Title: Software prototype for validation of machining optimization solutions obtained with meta-heuristic algorithms ISSN: 0957-4174 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eswa.2013.06.050 Keywords: Machining Optimization Meta-heuristic algorithms Exhaustive iterative search Abstract: Optimization of machining processes is of primary importance for increasing machining efficiency and economics. Determining optimal values of machining parameters is performed by applying optimization algorithms to mathematical models of relationships between machining parameters and machining performance measures. In recent years, there has been an increasing trend of using empirical models and meta-heuristic optimization algorithms. The use of meta-heuristic optimization algorithms is justified because of their ability to handle highly non-linear, multi-dimensional and multi-modal optimization problems. Meta-heuristic algorithms are powerful optimization tools which provide high quality solutions in a short amount of computational time. However, their stochastic nature creates the need to validate the obtained solutions. This paper presents a software prototype for single and multi-objective machining process optimization. Since it is based on an exhaustive iterative search, it guarantees the optimality of determined solution in given discrete search space. The motivation for the development of the presented software prototype was the validation of machining optimization solutions obtained by meta-heuristic algorithms. To analyze the software prototype applicability and performance, six case studies of machining optimization problems, both single and multi-objective, were considered. In each case study the optimization solutions that had been determined by past researchers using meta-heuristic algorithms were either validated or improved by using the developed software prototype. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0957417413004454 Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9382 Author: Pelc, M. Year of Conference: 2012 Title: Software reconfigurable fuzzy PI-type controller for DC generator with separate excitation Conference Name: 2012 17th International Conference on Methods & Models in Automation & Robotics (MMAR) Pages: 291-296 Date: 27-30 Aug. 2012 Short Title: Software reconfigurable fuzzy PI-type controller for DC generator with separate excitation DOI: 10.1109/MMAR.2012.6347872 Keywords: DC motors PI control control engineering computing electric generators fuzzy control machine control nonlinear control systems software architecture DC generator control computer control system computer program core control algorithm excitation circuit external tuning flexible control algorithm fuzzy logic controller algorithm nonlinear magnetization characteristic nonlinear system open decision point component architecture parametric adjustment run-time changing control run-time loadable separate excitation software reconfigurable fuzzy PI-type controller Control systems DC generators Fuzzy logic Fuzzy systems Pragmatics Software algorithms Tuning Abstract: In the typical computer control systems the core control algorithm itself is usually hard coded in a fixed form in a computer program. As such the control algorithm is not easily adjustable for run-time changing control goals and usually if any kind of reconfiguration of the algorithm is required, it can only be achieved via some kind of external tuning. In this paper a software architecture of Fuzzy Logic Controller algorithm for control of DC generator with separate excitation is presented. As such, the generator is a non-linear system due to the non-linear magnetization characteristic of its excitation circuit. Novelty of the paper lies in using the Open Decision Point component architecture to implement a flexible control algorithm where the core decision making logic is run-time loadable, configurable and replaceable which does not only enable parametric adjustment of control strategy but also changing the control strategy itself. Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8217 Author: Melliar-Smith, P. M. and Randell, B. Year: 1977 Title: Software reliability: The role of programmed exception handling Journal: SIGSOFT Softw. Eng. Notes Volume: 2 Issue: 2 Pages: 95-100 Short Title: Software reliability: The role of programmed exception handling ISSN: 0163-5948 DOI: 10.1145/390019.808315 Legal Note: 808315 Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8218 Author: Melliar-Smith, P. M. and Randell, B. Year: 1977 Title: Software reliability: The role of programmed exception handling Journal: SIGOPS Oper. Syst. Rev. Volume: 11 Issue: 2 Pages: 95-100 Short Title: Software reliability: The role of programmed exception handling ISSN: 0163-5980 DOI: 10.1145/390018.808315 Legal Note: 808315 Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8219 Author: Melliar-Smith, P. M. and Randell, B. Year: 1977 Title: Software reliability: The role of programmed exception handling Journal: SIGPLAN Not. Volume: 12 Issue: 3 Pages: 95-100 Short Title: Software reliability: The role of programmed exception handling ISSN: 0362-1340 DOI: 10.1145/390017.808315 Legal Note: 808315 Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 8220 Author: Melliar-Smith, P. M. and Randell, B. Year: 1977 Title: Software reliability: The role of programmed exception handling Conference Name: Proceedings of an ACM conference on Language design for reliable software Conference Location: Raleigh, North Carolina Publisher: ACM Pages: 95-100 DOI: 10.1145/800022.808315 Place Published: 808315 Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 8323 Author: Chandra, S. and Khan, R. A. Year: 2009 Title: Software security metric identification framework (SSM) Conference Name: Proceedings of the International Conference on Advances in Computing, Communication and Control Conference Location: Mumbai, India Publisher: ACM Pages: 725-731 DOI: 10.1145/1523103.1523250 Place Published: 1523250 Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8420 Author: Landwehr, Carl, Ludewig, Jochen, Meersman, Robert, Parnas, David Lorge, Shoval, Peretz, Wand, Yair, Weiss, David and Weyuker, Elaine Year: 2017 Title: Software Systems Engineering programmes a capability approach Journal: Journal of Systems and Software Volume: 125 Pages: 354-364 Date: 3// Short Title: Software Systems Engineering programmes a capability approach ISSN: 0164-1212 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jss.2016.12.016 Keywords: Engineering Education Software education Information systems Software design Software development Software documentation Abstract: This paper discusses third-level educational programmes that are intended to prepare their graduates for a career building systems in which software plays a major role. Such programmes are modelled on traditional Engineering programmes but have been tailored to applications that depend heavily on software. Rather than describe knowledge that should be taught, we describe capabilities that students should acquire in these programmes. The paper begins with some historical observations about the software development field. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0164121216302576 Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 8047 Author: Fischbach, Martin Year: 2015 Title: Software Techniques for Multimodal Input Processing in Realtime Interactive Systems Conference Name: Proceedings of the 2015 ACM on International Conference on Multimodal Interaction Conference Location: Seattle, Washington, USA Publisher: ACM Pages: 623-627 DOI: 10.1145/2818346.2823308 Place Published: 2823308 Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8716 Author: James, J. R. and Herget, C. J. Year: 1991 Title: Software tools for distributed intelligent control systems Journal: IFAC Proceedings Volumes Volume: 24 Issue: 10 Pages: 87-90 Date: 9// Short Title: Software tools for distributed intelligent control systems ISSN: 1474-6670 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-08-041698-4.50018-4 Keywords: intelligent control expert systems knowledge representation distributed processing learning propagation of uncertainty possibility theory diagnosis reconfiguration decision aids Abstract: The future of intelligent control systems depends upon the extent to which Artificial Intelligence (AI) technology can help control engineers deliver practical solutions to difficult control engineering problems. Conventional control design approaches have achieved notable successes in the design and implementation of robust, adaptive controllers for systems with well-defined mathematical models. However, conventional approaches have had difficulty supporting engineers in the design and implementation of control systems when an accurate mathematical model is not available. Also, verification that computer-controlled systems perform to specifications, validation of the specifications, higher-level control, operator decision aids, system diagnosis, operator alerting, and reconfiguration of systems which experience large changes over time or potentially catastrophic failures are significant challenges to control science and engineering. It is in these difficult areas where the AI technologies of knowledge representation, learning, search, diagnosis, planning, and decision are being used to aid control engineers. Algorithms for computer-controlled systems and software tools to help implement these algorithms have been a subject of research and commercialization for decades. Computer-Aided Control Engineering (CACE) tools have achieved a degree of success in the past decade based on their ability to assist in the control system design and implementation process. Specialized tools have been made available for system identification, system simulation, controller design and controller implementation. Recently, efforts have been made to build integrated CACE environments. Also, some current research is aimed at increasing the utility of available systems by creating a mathematical basis and a software architecture for efficiently describing complex systems and using these as a means of achieving a higher level of integration of the diverse tools already available. A recent Workshop on Software Tools for Distributed Intelligent Control Systems was sponsored by the U.S. Army and The Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA). This paper will describe the results of the workshop and subsequent efforts to use these results to shape a DARPA software development project. The first section of the paper provides a brief review of the current applications of AI in the design and implementation of control systems. The second section discusses areas where AI can be applied in the near term to help solve challenges in the implementation of computer-controlled systems. The third section gives an overview of the development of CACE tools. The fourth section provides a review of the Army/DARPA workshop and the last section discusses the use of the results of the workshop. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780080416984500184 Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8717 Author: James, J. R. and Herget, C. J. Year: 1991 Title: Software tools for distributed intelligent control systems Journal: Annual Review in Automatic Programming Volume: 16, Part 1 Pages: 87-90 Date: // Short Title: Software tools for distributed intelligent control systems ISSN: 0066-4138 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0066-4138(91)90014-3 Keywords: intelligent control expert systems knowledge representation distributed processing learning propagation of uncertainty possibility theory diagnosis reconfiguration decision aids Abstract: The future of intelligent control systems depends upon the extent to which Artificial Intelligence (AI) technology can help control engineers deliver practical solutions to difficult control engineering problems. Conventional control design approaches have achieved notable successes in the design and implementation of robust, adaptive controllers for systems with well-defined mathematical models. However, conventional approaches have had difficulty supporting engineers in the design and implementation of control systems when an accurate mathematical model is not available. Also, verification that computer-controlled systems perform to specifications, validation of the specifications, higher-level control, operator decision aids, system diagnosis, operator alerting, and reconfiguration of systems which experience large changes over time or potentially catastrophic failures are significant challenges to control science and engineering. It is in these difficult areas where the AI technologies of knowledge representation, learning, search, diagnosis, planning, and decision are being used to aid control engineers. Algorithms for computer-controlled systems and software tools to help implement these algorithms have been a subject of research and commercialization for decades. Computer-Aided Control Engineering (CACE) tools have achieved a degree of success in the past decade based on their ability to assist in the control system design and implementation process. Specialized tools have been made available for system identification, system simulation, controller design and controller implementation. Recently, efforts have been made to build integrated CACE environments. Also, some current research is aimed at increasing the utility of available systems by creating a mathematical basis and a software architecture for efficiently describing complex systems and using these as a means of achieving a higher level of integration of the diverse tools already available. A recent Workshop on Software Tools for Distributed Intelligent Control Systems was sponsored by the U.S. Army and The Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA). This paper will describe the results of the workshop and subsequent efforts to use these results to shape a DARPA software development project. The first section of the paper provides a brief review of the current applications of AI in the design and implementation of control systems. The second section discusses areas where AI can be applied in the near term to help solve challenges in the implementation of computer-controlled systems. The third section gives an overview of the development of CACE tools. The fourth section provides a review of the Army/DARPA workshop and the last section discusses the use of the results of the workshop. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0066413891900143 Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8692 Author: Hayhoe, Douglas Year: 1990 Title: Sorting-based menu categories Journal: International Journal of Man-Machine Studies Volume: 33 Issue: 6 Pages: 677-705 Date: 12// Short Title: Sorting-based menu categories ISSN: 0020-7373 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0020-7373(05)80069-0 Abstract: Several researchers have conducted sorting experiments or pairwise comparisons with a database of menu items in order to form coherent menu categories. However, these experiments have all contained one or more of the following potential weaknesses: (1) they used only one particular database; (2) they used too few sorting subjects; (3) they uncritically used only one scaling technique to form the clusters; or (4) they did not conduct an experimental comparison of the categories formed. In the present research, sorting experiments were conducted with 48 subjects and four 48-item databases: clothes, furniture, occupations, and sports. Latent partition analysis and hierarchical clustering (Ward's method and group average linkage) were used to form menu categories. These were placed into a “pull-down” menu system in two conditions; (1) titles chosen by each individual subject; and (2) titles chosen by the investigator. Two other conditions were added: (3) categories and titles formed by software design experts; and (4) categories and titles formed by each subject for his or her own work. Two within-subjects menu experiments were performed. The sorting-based categories with investigator titles were superior to the expert categories in selection times, selection errors, ”goodness of fit” ratings, and memory recall errors. A detailed analysis showed that the expert categories contained more “miscategorization” errors and vague category titles than the sorting-based categories, while both conditions contained overlapping categories. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0020737305800690 Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 7909 Author: Bosch, Jan Year: 2012 Title: Speed and innovation through architecture Conference Name: Proceedings of the 15th ACM SIGSOFT symposium on Component Based Software Engineering Conference Location: Bertinoro, Italy Publisher: ACM Pages: 1-2 DOI: 10.1145/2304736.2304738 Place Published: 2304738 Abstract: The nature of software system development is changing. Rather than building systems according to specification, innovation processes and customer intimacy are at the heart of software development, requiring unprecedented levels of agility and speed. In addition, software is increasingly built in the context of a software ecosystem where other companies and independent developers add value as well. As these trends require small teams to work efficiently and rapidly in the context of large complex systems, the role of software architecture (and that of a software architect in particular) is more important in this new world, but there is significant evolution in its implementation. This keynote starts by characterizing the new approach to software engineering and the role of compositionality. It then explores the implications for software architecture and the role of the software architect. The talk will present examples from several industries to illustrate specific focus areas. Notes: Talk... Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 8972 Author: Murphy, T. G., Lyons, D. M. and Hendriks, A. J. Year of Conference: 1993 Title: Stable grasping with a multi-fingered robot hand: a behavior-based approach Conference Name: Intelligent Robots and Systems '93, IROS '93. Proceedings of the 1993 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Volume: 2 Pages: 867-874 vol.2 Date: 26-30 Jul 1993 Short Title: Stable grasping with a multi-fingered robot hand: a behavior-based approach DOI: 10.1109/IROS.1993.583196 Keywords: manipulator kinematics Grasp Advisor Grasp Reactor behavior-based approach decision making capability deliberative component global constraints multifingered robot hand reactive system software design approach stable grasp strategy stable grasping uncertain environment Computer science Control system synthesis Control systems Grasping Grippers Inductors Laboratories Manipulator dynamics Robot sensing systems Robustness Abstract: The paper describes the software design approach and implementation of a stable grasp strategy to control a multifingered robot hand in a dynamic and uncertain environment. The overall design starts with a reactive system, called the Grasp Reactor, which measures the environment, and produces actions based on the environmental situations present. To improve the robustness of the Grasp Reactor, it is augmented with a deliberative component which executes concurrently with the Grasp Reactor. This component, called the Grasp Advisor, communicates global constraints to the Grasp Reactor to improve its decision making capability Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 8272 Author: Gyrard, Amelie, Bonnet, Christian and Boudaoud, Karima Year: 2013 Title: The STAC (security toolbox: attacks & countermeasures) ontology Conference Name: Proceedings of the 22nd International Conference on World Wide Web Conference Location: Rio de Janeiro, Brazil Publisher: ACM Pages: 165-166 DOI: 10.1145/2487788.2487869 Place Published: 2487869 Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9347 Author: Allen, K. J. and Tisler, T. Year of Conference: 1997 Title: Standard multispectral environment and effects model (STMEEM) Conference Name: Proceedings of the IEEE 1997 National Aerospace and Electronics Conference. NAECON 1997 Volume: 2 Pages: 536-543 vol.2 Date: 14-18 Jul 1997 Short Title: Standard multispectral environment and effects model (STMEEM) DOI: 10.1109/NAECON.1997.622695 Keywords: digital simulation environmental testing military standards military systems object-oriented methods spectral-domain analysis JMASS STMEEM at-large needs digital environmental modeling electromagnetic domain environment propagation effects environmental framework joint modeling and simulation system model components modeling domains object based modeling post-processing reusable models simulated objects software architecture software structural model spectral domain experts standard multispectral environment Application software Atmospheric modeling Computational modeling Computer science Computer simulation Drives Electromagnetic modeling Millimeter wave technology Radio frequency Standards development Abstract: The Joint Modeling And Simulation System (JMASS) is a Modeling and Simulation (M&S) system which provides a software architecture for the development, execution and post-processing of simulations. Additionally, it implements a set of standards by providing tools that assist in development and application of reusable models and model components. The JMASS program is at a critical program milestone where the program will need to serve the M&S needs of more users covering more modeling domains. The vast majority of these M&S interests involve some aspect of digital environmental modeling. Furthermore, virtually every existing simulation with an environmental effects function models only a single electromagnetic domain, such as radio frequency (RF), millimeter wave (M&S), infrared (IR), near visual or visual. The result is a tight coupling of the simulated objects and the specific environmental effects modeled. Decoupling the environment from the user-defined players permits object based modeling of the players which conforms to the JMASS Software Structural Model. The need for a common multispectral environment is to promote user developed model (player) reusability and ensure all electromagnetic representations remain consistent among all players incorporated into a single scenario. The environment propagation effects models should be developed by the individual spectral domain experts in response to the at-large needs of the JMASS user community. The Standard Multispectral Environment Effects Model (STMEEM) program has set out to design and implement a common environmental framework which would provide the capabilities described above. This paper describes the efforts of the STMEEM program to date and discusses the impact a common environmental framework would have on future JMASS users and model developers Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9349 Author: Dvorak, D., Rasmussen, R. and Starbird, T. Year of Conference: 2002 Title: State knowledge representation in the Mission Data System Conference Name: Proceedings, IEEE Aerospace Conference Volume: 1 Pages: 1-195-1-204 vol.1 Date: 2002 Short Title: State knowledge representation in the Mission Data System DOI: 10.1109/AERO.2002.1036840 Keywords: aerospace computing ground support systems knowledge based systems knowledge representation multidimensional systems space vehicles state estimation Mission Data System NASA deep space systems human error reduction mission software architecture multi-mission flight software multi-mission ground software spacecraft state constraints state estimates state functions state knowledge representation state variables Aerospace engineering Condition monitoring Data systems Design engineering Satellite ground stations Software design Systems engineering and theory Abstract: The possible states of a system, be it a spacecraft, rover or ground station, are what system engineers identify and specify, what software engineers design for, and what operators monitor and control. Many activities inside mission software are directly concerned with state, whether planning it, estimating it, controlling it, reporting it or simulating it. The cause of several mission failures can be traced to inadequate or inconsistent representations of state. Consequently, the concept of 'state' and its representation occupy a prominent role in mission software architecture. The Mission Data System (MDS), presently under development by NASA to provide multi-mission flight and ground software for the next generation of deep space systems, addresses this fundamental need. This paper describes the MDS approach to state knowledge representation, covering state variables, state functions, state estimates and state constraints, emphasizing design patterns that reduce sources of human error. Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 7994 Author: Nakagawa, Elisa Y., Gon, Marcelo, #231, alves, Guessi, Milena, Oliveira, Lucas B. R. and Oquendo, Flavio Year: 2013 Title: The state of the art and future perspectives in systems of systems software architectures Conference Name: Proceedings of the First International Workshop on Software Engineering for Systems-of-Systems Conference Location: Montpellier, France Publisher: ACM Pages: 13-20 DOI: 10.1145/2489850.2489853 Place Published: 2489853 Abstract: Currently, software systems have become increasingly large and complex, often resulted by the integration of several operationally independent systems, resulting in a new class of systems: the Systems of Systems (SoS). In another perspective, software architectures play a major role in determining system quality, since they form the backbone of any successful software-intensive system. Attention given to the software architectures of SoS is also certainly fundamental to the success of such systems. However, it is observed that there is a lack of works that present a wide and, at the same time, a detailed panorama about how SoS architectures have been treated. In this scenario, the main contribution of this paper is to present the state of the art on software architectures of SoS, mainly regarding their development, representation, evaluation, and evolution. This work also contributes with future research topics on SoS architectures that should be still investigated. Besides that, we intend this paper opens new perspectives of research in the software architecture area, intending to contribute to the success of SoS. Notes: System of systems as focus Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 8244 Author: Eide, Eric, Reid, Alastair, Regehr, John and Lepreau, Jay Year: 2002 Title: Static and dynamic structure in design patterns Conference Name: Proceedings of the 24th International Conference on Software Engineering Conference Location: Orlando, Florida Publisher: ACM Pages: 208-218 DOI: 10.1145/581339.581367 Place Published: 581367 Abstract: Design patterns are a valuable mechanism for emphasizing structure, capturing design expertise, and facilitating restructuring of software systems. Patterns are typically applied in the context of an object-oriented language and are implemented so that the pattern participants correspond to object instances that are created and connected at run-time. The paper describes a complementary realization of design patterns, in which many pattern participants correspond to statically instantiated and connected components. Our approach separates the static parts of the software design from the dynamic parts of the system behavior. This separation makes the software design more amenable to analysis, thus enabling more effective and domain-specific detection of system design errors, prediction of run-time behavior, and more effective optimization. This technique is applicable to imperative, functional, and object-oriented languages: we have extended C, Scheme, and Java with our component model. We illustrate our approach in the context of the OSKit, a collection of operating system components written in C. Notes: Analysis of patterns Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9061 Author: Eide, E., Reid, A., Regehr, J. and Lepreau, J. Year of Conference: 2002 Title: Static and dynamic structure in design patterns Conference Name: Proceedings of the 24th International Conference on Software Engineering. ICSE 2002 Pages: 208-218 Date: 25-25 May 2002 Short Title: Static and dynamic structure in design patterns DOI: 10.1145/581364.581367 Keywords: object-oriented languages object-oriented programming operating systems (computers) software reusability C Java OSKit Scheme design expertise design patterns domain-specific detection dynamic structure object instances object-oriented language operating system components pattern participants run-time behavior software systems restructuring static structure statically instantiated components system behavior system design errors Cities and towns Monitoring Object oriented modeling Operating systems Permission Runtime Software design Software maintenance Software systems Abstract: Design patterns are a valuable mechanism for emphasizing structure, capturing design expertise, and facilitating restructuring of software systems. Patterns are typically applied in the context of an object-oriented language and are implemented so that the pattern participants correspond to object instances that are created and connected at run-time. The paper describes a complementary realization of design patterns, in which many pattern participants correspond to statically instantiated and connected components. Our approach separates the static parts of the software design from the dynamic parts of the system behavior. This separation makes the software design more amenable to analysis, thus enabling more effective and domain-specific detection of system design errors, prediction of run-time behavior, and more effective optimization. This technique is applicable to imperative, functional, and object-oriented languages: we have extended C, Scheme, and Java with our component model. We illustrate our approach in the context of the OSKit, a collection of operating system components written in C. Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9523 Author: Knodel, J., Lindvall, M., Muthig, D. and Naab, M. Year of Conference: 2006 Title: Static evaluation of software architectures Conference Name: Conference on Software Maintenance and Reengineering (CSMR'06) Pages: 10 pp.-294 Date: 22-24 March 2006 Short Title: Static evaluation of software architectures ISBN: 1534-5351 DOI: 10.1109/CSMR.2006.53 Keywords: reverse engineering software architecture software performance evaluation software architecture development software architecture static evaluation Acoustical engineering Computer architecture Computer industry Educational institutions Instruments Programming Software engineering Software systems ADORE PuLSE-DSSA architecture architecture evaluation product line reverse engineering. Abstract: The software architecture is one of the most crucial artifacts within the lifecycle of a software system. Decisions made at the architectural level directly enable, facilitate, hamper, or interfere with the achievement of business goals, functional and quality requirements. Architecture evaluations play an important role in the development and evolution of software systems since they determine how adequate the architecture is for its intended usage. This paper summarizes our practical experience with using architecture evaluations and gives an overview on when and how static architecture evaluations contribute to architecture development. We identify ten distinct purposes and needs for static architecture evaluations and illustrate them using a set of industrial and academic case studies. In particular, we show how subsequent steps in architecture development are influenced by the results from architecture evaluations Notes: evaluation of architecture Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8421 Author: Aloi, Gianluca, Bedogni, Luca, Bononi, Luciano, Briante, Orazio, Di Felice, Marco, Loscrì, Valeria, Pace, Pasquale, Panzieri, Fabio, Ruggeri, Giuseppe and Trotta, Angelo Year: 2015 Title: STEM-NET: How to deploy a self-organizing network of mobile end-user devices for emergency communication Journal: Computer Communications Volume: 60 Pages: 12-27 Date: 4/1/ Short Title: STEM-NET: How to deploy a self-organizing network of mobile end-user devices for emergency communication ISSN: 0140-3664 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.comcom.2015.01.023 Keywords: Self-organizing wireless systems Spontaneous networks Emergency communication Swarm intelligence Performance evaluation Abstract: Spontaneous wireless networks constructed out of mobile end-user devices (e.g. smartphones or tablets) are currently receiving considerable interest as they enable a wide range of novel, highly pervasive and user-centric network services and applications. In this paper, we focus on emergency-related scenarios, and we investigate the potential of spontaneous networks for providing Internet connectivity over the emergency area through the sharing of resources owned by the end-user devices. Novel and extremely flexible network deployment strategies are required in order to cope with the user mobility, the limited communication capabilities of wireless devices, and the intrinsic dynamics of traffic loads and QoS requirements. To this purpose, we propose here a novel approach toward the deployment of spontaneous networks composed by a new generation of wireless devices – called Stem Nodes (SNs) – to emphasize their ability to cover multiple network roles (e.g. gateway, router). The self-organization of the spontaneous network is then achieved through the local reconfiguration of each SN. Two complementary research contributions are provided. First, we describe the software architecture of a SN (which can be implemented on top of existing end-user devices), and we detail how a SN can manage its role set, eventually extending it through cooperation with other SNs. Second, we propose distributed algorithms, based on swarm intelligence principles, through which each SN can autonomously select its role, and self-elect to gateway or router, so that end-to-end performance are maximized while the lifetime of the spontaneous emergency network is prolonged. The ability of the proposed algorithm to guarantee adaptive and self-organizing network behaviors is demonstrated through extensive Omnet++ simulations, and through a prototype implementation of the SN architecture on a real testbed. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0140366415000511 Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8321 Author: Brown, Andrew R., Gifford, Toby and Voltz, Bradley Year: 2017 Title: Stimulating Creative Partnerships in Human-Agent Musical Interaction Journal: Comput. Entertain. Volume: 14 Issue: 2 Pages: 1-17 Short Title: Stimulating Creative Partnerships in Human-Agent Musical Interaction ISSN: 1544-3574 DOI: 10.1145/2991146 Legal Note: 2991146 Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 8256 Author: Desnoyer, J. L., Dessoude, O. and Zavidovique, B. Year: 1990 Title: A stochastic approach to sensor fusion and perception control Conference Name: Proceedings of the 3rd international conference on Industrial and engineering applications of artificial intelligence and expert systems - Volume 1 Conference Location: Charleston, South Carolina, USA Publisher: ACM Pages: 169-174 DOI: 10.1145/98784.98816 Place Published: 98816 Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 8198 Author: Balbo, G. and Chiola, G. Year: 1989 Title: Stochastic petri net simulation Conference Name: Proceedings of the 21st conference on Winter simulation Conference Location: Washington, D.C., USA Publisher: ACM Pages: 266-276 DOI: 10.1145/76738.76772 Place Published: 76772 Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9364 Author: Liu, M. and Zhu, X. Year of Conference: 2009 Title: Strategic Option and Software Design for Financial Expansion for Yanzhou Coal Mining Co., Ltd Conference Name: 2009 First International Conference on Information Science and Engineering Pages: 3061-3064 Date: 26-28 Dec. 2009 Short Title: Strategic Option and Software Design for Financial Expansion for Yanzhou Coal Mining Co., Ltd ISBN: 2160-1283 DOI: 10.1109/ICISE.2009.1092 Keywords: coal financial management mining industry software engineering strategic planning Yanzhou Coal Mining Co., Ltd annual financing prediction brand reputation capital operation expansion core technologies decision making financial development strategy financial expansion market advantages software design sophisticated technologies strategic option technology expansion Costs Design engineering Finance Information science Investments Paper technology Petroleum Space technology Abstract: For Yanzhou Coal Mining Co.,Ltd., on the basis of an analysis of market advantages on its products, core technologies, brand reputation and sophisticated technologies, we find that it is well suited for adopting three kinds of financial development strategy, including expansion of scale, expansion of technology, and expansion of capital operation. Accordingly, we set up the software for supporting financial expansion to predict annual financing of the future, assisting decision-making for Yanzhou Coal Mining Co.,Ltd.. Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8459 Author: Konradt, Udo Year: 1995 Title: Strategies of failure diagnosis in computer-controlled manufacturing systems: empirical analysis and implications for the design of adaptive decision support systems Journal: International Journal of Human-Computer Studies Volume: 43 Issue: 4 Pages: 503-521 Date: 10// Short Title: Strategies of failure diagnosis in computer-controlled manufacturing systems: empirical analysis and implications for the design of adaptive decision support systems ISSN: 1071-5819 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1006/ijhc.1995.1057 Abstract: This study investigates strategies in failure diagnosis at cutting-machine-tools with a verbal knowledge acquisition technique. Sixty-nine semi-structured interviews were performed with mechanical and electrical maintenance technicians, and a protocol analysis was conducted. Strategies were analysed in dependence of the technician's job experience, his familiarity with the problem and problem complexity. The technicians were categorized into three groups, novices, advanced, and experts, based upon level of experience. Results show that typical strategies of failure diagnosis are "Historical information", "Least effort", "Reconstruction", and "Sensory check". Strategies that lead to a binary reduction of the problem space, such as "Information uncertainty" and "Split half", play only a minor role in real-life failure diagnosis. Job experience and the familiarity with the problem significantly influenced the occurrence of strategies. In addition to "Symptomatic search" and "Topographic search", results show frequent use of case-based strategies, particularly in routine failures. In novel situations, technicians usually used "Topographic search". A software design method, the strategy-based software design (SSD) is proposed, that uses strategies to derive decision support systems, that are adaptive to the different working styles and the changing levels of experience in user groups. The methodology is briefly described and illustrated by the development of an information support system for maintenance and repair. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1071581985710579 Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 7919 Author: Mancebo, Ed and Andrews, Anneliese Year: 2005 Title: A strategy for selecting multiple components Conference Name: Proceedings of the 2005 ACM symposium on Applied computing Conference Location: Santa Fe, New Mexico Publisher: ACM Pages: 1505-1510 DOI: 10.1145/1066677.1067017 Place Published: 1067017 Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8933 Author: Baker, C. R. and Dolan, J. M. Year: 2009 Title: Street smarts for boss Journal: IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine Volume: 16 Issue: 1 Pages: 78-87 Short Title: Street smarts for boss ISSN: 1070-9932 DOI: 10.1109/MRA.2008.931629 Keywords: control engineering computing mobile robots path planning road traffic road vehicles robot programming software engineering Boss DARPA challenges Tartan Racing Urban Challenge autonomous vehicle competition behavioral subsystem engineering contestant robots multilane road navigation missions road rules traffic Computer architecture Control systems Intelligent robots Meeting planning Navigation Remotely operated vehicles Robotics and automation Software systems Software architecture, Tartan Racing, Boss, robot behaviors, Urban Challenge Abstract: The Urban Challenge was an autonomous vehicle competition sponsored by the U.S. Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) in November 2007. Contestant robots were required to autonomously execute a series of navigation missions through a simplified urban environment consisting of roads, intersections, and parking lots while obeying road rules and interacting safely and correctly with other traffic. In contrast to previous DARPA challenges, which focused on rough-terrain navigation, this competition required a system capable of complex autonomous behaviors, such as waiting for precedence at an intersection or passing a slow-moving vehicle on a multilane road. These behaviors were managed by a software subsystem called the behavioral executive in Boss, Tartan Racing's winning entry in the Urban Challenge. The fulfillment of this role required the carefully structured integration and management of many disparate capabilities in a highly flexible manner over the course of the development, accommodating whatever changes were necessary to win the competition amidst a continuously evolving software system. These requirements, among many others, are reflected in the behavioral executive's architecture, the flexibility and adaptability of which played an important role in the team's success. Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9350 Author: Chan, H. T. and Chang, R. K. C. Year of Conference: 2004 Title: Strifeshadow Fantasy: a massive multi-player online game Conference Name: First IEEE Consumer Communications and Networking Conference, 2004. CCNC 2004. Pages: 557-562 Date: 5-8 Jan. 2004 Short Title: Strifeshadow Fantasy: a massive multi-player online game DOI: 10.1109/CCNC.2004.1286922 Keywords: Internet client-server systems computer games software architecture transport protocols Strifeshadow Fantasy Web-based client program adventure game chat box local state consistency problem massive multi-player online game multi-player game nonpersistent HTTP connections role-playing game server-client model state updates Avatars Bandwidth Data security Games Jamming Network servers Scalability Toy industry Web server Abstract: Strifeshadow Fantasy (SSF) is a massive, multi-player, online, role-playing game. Players of this game, acting as avatars, search for ancient signs, and their goals are to defeat the god of destruction. Players can adventure in the game alone or co-operate with others through the chat box. SSF is available for free and there are currently more than 10,000 registered users. We highlight the overall software architecture of SSF, which is based on a simple server-client model and HTTP. We also describe, in detail, two problems encountered in the course of designing SSF and the solutions to them. The first one is a local state consistency problem, which is to ensure that each client participating in the game eventually receives all the state updates, once and only once. The second one is a connection jamming problem that is a result of using nonpersistent HTTP connections for communication between the game server and clients. Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8768 Author: Kint, V. Year: 2005 Title: Structural development in ageing temperate Scots pine stands Journal: Forest Ecology and Management Volume: 214 Issue: 1–3 Pages: 237-250 Date: 8/3/ Short Title: Structural development in ageing temperate Scots pine stands ISSN: 0378-1127 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2005.04.014 Keywords: Biodiversity Conversion management Forest dynamics Pinus sylvestris Stand structure Abstract: Conversion management in ageing temperate Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) forests in West and Central Europe mainly focuses on changing species composition, without paying attention to quantitative stand structural features such as development of spatial point pattern, (relative) mingling and size differentiation. The consideration of such detailed stand structural features in management decision making may in some cases help to achieve one or more goals of sustainable forestry, such as the maintenance and enhancement of biodiversity. The main purpose of this paper is to quantify and interpret stand structure and its spontaneous development in unmanaged ageing Scots pine stands, based on the structural classes and the development pathways published by Kint et al. (2004a). Stand structure is quantified with the SIAFOR software, designed for the calculation of structural indices in completely stem-mapped monitoring plots. Spontaneous structural development at the stand level in ageing Scots pine stands is characterised, in the absence of major disturbances, by a tendency towards random spatial point pattern and random relative mingling, as well as increasing mingling and increasing tree size differentiation. Also clear development trends at the species level can be distinguished. As pine density in ageing Scots pine stands decreases, the spatial point pattern of pines tends to change from regular towards random. Birch regenerates in canopy gaps of pine. Regeneration of oak establishes prior to gap formation under a canopy of pine, and gradually grows up as more light becomes available in the gaps. Both birch and oak tend from clustered spatial point pattern and segregation towards random spatial point pattern and random mingling. Massive regeneration of pine on open areas after major disturbance is initially clustered. As a result of self-thinning, pine develops towards a regular spatial point pattern. Tree size differentiation of species may increase or decrease depending on the type and intensity of competition processes. The application of the results as a reference for forest management issues where stand structure is of relevance is discussed, with special attention to biodiversity. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0378112705002744 Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 7923 Author: Papapostolu, Anastasios and Birov, Dimitar Year: 2017 Title: Structured Component and Connector Communication Conference Name: Proceedings of the 8th Balkan Conference in Informatics Conference Location: Skopje, Macedonia Publisher: ACM Pages: 1-4 DOI: 10.1145/3136273.3136291 Place Published: 3136291 Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8649 Author: Park, Kyung S. and Hwan Lim, Chee Year: 1999 Title: A structured methodology for comparative evaluation of user interface designs using usability criteria and measures Journal: International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics Volume: 23 Issue: 5–6 Pages: 379-389 Date: 3/20/ Short Title: A structured methodology for comparative evaluation of user interface designs using usability criteria and measures ISSN: 0169-8141 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0169-8141(97)00059-0 Keywords: Software ergonomics User interface design Comparative evaluation Usability criteria and measures Analytic hierarchy process Abstract: Previous research in software ergonomics has indicated the importance of evaluating the usability of computer user interfaces. This paper presents a quantitative basis for selecting from among multiple alternative interfaces relative to multiple criteria of usability concern. The proposed model consists of two main phases: the prescreening phase and the evaluation phase. The prescreening phase involves expert judgment-based assessment with qualitative criteria. The first phase uses absolute measurement analytic hierarchy process (AHP) to filter possible alternative interfaces to a reasonable subset. The evaluation phase involves user-based assessment such as user testing, with quantitative criteria. The objective of the second phase is to evaluate a subset of alternatives using objective measures and to select the best alternative. A set of criteria and measures for evaluating the usability of computer software designs is presented. The proposed methodology is demonstrated in the interface design of a database system used to analyze trip cases information of nuclear power plant.Relevance to industry There is currently a focus on the usability of interactive computer software. Software developers, interface designers or human factors engineers often confront the task of comparative evaluation among systems, versions or interface designs. The proposed methodology provides practitioners with a structured approach to select the best interface based on usability criteria and measures. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0169814197000590 Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 7988 Author: St\, Harald, \#246 and rrle Year: 2010 Title: Structuring very large domain models: experiences from industrial MDSD projects Conference Name: Proceedings of the Fourth European Conference on Software Architecture: Companion Volume Conference Location: Copenhagen, Denmark Publisher: ACM Pages: 49-54 DOI: 10.1145/1842752.1842766 Place Published: 1842766 Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 7769 Author: Su, M. T., Tempero, E., Hosking, J. and Grundy, J. Year of Conference: 2012 Title: A Study of Architectural Information Foraging in Software Architecture Documents Conference Name: 2012 Joint Working IEEE/IFIP Conference on Software Architecture and European Conference on Software Architecture Pages: 141-150 Date: 20-24 Aug. 2012 Short Title: A Study of Architectural Information Foraging in Software Architecture Documents DOI: 10.1109/WICSA-ECSA.212.22 Keywords: document handling software architecture SA academic AD users critical responsibility forages type foraging sequences industry practitioner physical view process view quality requirements software architecture documents task-based architectural information foraging use cases Computer architecture Documentation Electronic mail Industries Navigation Software exploration foraging software architecture document understanding Abstract: When using Software Architecture documents (ADs), users typically “forage” for information. However, it is little understood how they do this foraging or how to structure architecture documentation to assist them. We conducted a survey of two different groups of foragers, industry practitioner and academic AD users, to investigate issues - types of forages, foraging sequences and styles - related to task-based architectural information foraging in software architecture documents. Our results show that there were different pre-conceived ideas of what to forage for prior to the search, but during foraging there was commonly foraged information. The different groups of foragers place different emphasis on information related to quality requirements, purpose of the system, use cases, physical view and process view. Foraging sequences starting with certain information were suggested to better support understanding of the described SA. These sequences typically followed the written order of the information as dictated by the AD producers. This reinforces the critical responsibility of AD producers to structure the architectural information for understanding. Diagrams, views and design decisions were most frequently cited as supporting understanding of the SA. The main hindrance was too much text and a lack of diagrams. 'File' Atttachments: internal-pdf://2490619577/A Study of Architectural Information Foraging.pdf Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9146 Author: Guojian, Li and Yanjun, Hu Year of Conference: 2010 Title: Study of real-time expert system in the central Air-conditioning system of the special ship Conference Name: The 2nd International Conference on Information Science and Engineering Pages: 5430-5432 Date: 4-6 Dec. 2010 Short Title: Study of real-time expert system in the central Air-conditioning system of the special ship ISBN: 2160-1283 DOI: 10.1109/ICISE.2010.5690775 Keywords: Air conditioning Expert systems Fault diagnosis Marine vehicles Real time systems Temperature air-conditioning component control strategy real-time expert system Abstract: This study focuses on the air-conditioning system operation characteristics of the special Ship, relying on the modern computer technique to establish a real-time expert air conditioning control system. Control requirements of the air conditioning system for real-time expert system and temperature and humidity control strategies were discussed. By analyzing the hardware and software design requirements of the real-time expert air conditioning control system. The real-time system shows that it not only have the real-time monitoring function, but also have the data management, printing, status display and alarm functions. This system has the real-time fault diagnosis function, and can evaluate many functions in special circumstances. It is important for improving the reliability of the central air conditioning system operation, extended equipment life, reduce energy consumption and protect human safety. Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9198 Author: Liu, J. and Gong, X. Year of Conference: 2008 Title: Study on an Embedded-Based Monitoring and Risk Estimation System for Vehicles Conference Name: 2008 4th International Conference on Wireless Communications, Networking and Mobile Computing Pages: 1-4 Date: 12-14 Oct. 2008 Short Title: Study on an Embedded-Based Monitoring and Risk Estimation System for Vehicles ISBN: 2161-9646 DOI: 10.1109/WiCom.2008.1248 Keywords: computerised monitoring decision making microprocessor chips software architecture vehicles auto ranging system embedded microprocessor embedded-based monitoring hardware architecture optical-mechanical-electrical automatic ranging risk estimation system Automatic control Control systems Detectors Hardware Laser radar Linux Microprocessors Monitoring Abstract: Based on the structure and theory of optical- mechanical-electrical automatic ranging system of vehicles, paper has a discussion and research of the architecture and design of auto ranging system with risk estimation and decision making basing on an embedded microprocessor, which includes hardware architecture, software architecture and key technology, etc. It has given an automatic ranging and decision making decision for vehicles. Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9110 Author: Xia, Liu and Qing, Wang Year of Conference: 2005 Title: Study on application of a quantitative evaluation approach for software architecture adaptability Conference Name: Fifth International Conference on Quality Software (QSIC'05) Pages: 265-272 Date: 19-20 Sept. 2005 Short Title: Study on application of a quantitative evaluation approach for software architecture adaptability ISBN: 1550-6002 DOI: 10.1109/QSIC.2005.59 Keywords: decision making software architecture software metrics adaptability scenario profile quantitative evaluation approach software architecture adaptability structural adaptability evaluation Application software Computer architecture Concrete Phase measurement Runtime Software measurement Software quality Software systems Abstract: Due to the rapid changes of business environment and changing technologies, adaptability and measurement of the degree to which software is adaptable are critical factors for survival of software systems. Software are often claimed to be adaptable, however there is no explicit and concrete definition of architecture adaptability. This paper first gives a definition of architecture adaptability, and then presents a metric and a quantitative evaluation approach to evaluate the architecture adaptability based on adaptability scenario profile and impact analysis. The purpose of this study is to provide a structural adaptability evaluation method to support architecture improving and decision making for choosing among candidate architectures. Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 7675 Author: Groher, I. and Weinreich, R. Year of Conference: 2015 Title: A Study on Architectural Decision-Making in Context Conference Name: 2015 12th Working IEEE/IFIP Conference on Software Architecture Pages: 11-20 Date: 4-8 May 2015 Short Title: A Study on Architectural Decision-Making in Context DOI: 10.1109/WICSA.2015.27 Keywords: decision making software architecture architectural decision-making process business factors cultural factors individual factors organizational contexts organizational factors project factors software system Companies Context Interviews Standards organizations architectural design process decision-making process expert survey influence factors Abstract: Design decisions are made throughout the design process of a new software system or the evolution of an existing system. The context in which a system is developed influences these decisions themselves and the way they are made. There are only a few empirical studies regarding architectural decision-making or concerning how the decision-making process is executed. In this paper, we report an analysis of expert interviews regarding architectural decision-making to gain insight into how decision-making is organized in different organizational contexts. We base our analysis on interviews conducted in a previous study, where we talked to 25 software architects, team leads, and senior developers from 22 different companies in ten different countries about architectural decision-making and documentation. In this paper, we specifically analyze the interview transcripts with regard to the decision-making process. We identified eight different categories of main factors influencing how, when, and by whom decisions are made. We also present decision-making scenarios and relate them to the discovered influence factors. Results show that, apart from organizational factors, individual factors and cultural factors seem to have about the same influence as business and project factors. Company size and domain do not influence the decision-making process as much as one might expect. 'File' Atttachments: internal-pdf://3585303818/A Study on Architectural Decision-Making in Co.pdf Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9532 Author: Rui, G. and Yongyi, L. Year of Conference: 2016 Title: The Study on Discussion of Web Service-Based Bidding Decision Support System of Power Generation Enterprises Conference Name: 2016 International Conference on Smart Grid and Electrical Automation (ICSGEA) Pages: 55-58 Date: 11-12 Aug. 2016 Short Title: The Study on Discussion of Web Service-Based Bidding Decision Support System of Power Generation Enterprises DOI: 10.1109/ICSGEA.2016.40 Keywords: Web services decision making decision support systems power engineering computing power generation economics software architecture DSS Web service system structure competitive bidding decision support system framework decision-making design patterns power generation company power generation enterprises software design Algorithm design and analysis Heuristic algorithms Object oriented modeling Power generation Web Service decision support system framework designI Abstract: Web Service-based competitive bidding decision support system framework of power generation enterprises are discussed by analyzing bidding process and decision support system (DSS) in this paper. Support system for power generation company proposed in this paper using Web Service system structure and excellent design mode thought, and also providing guidance for the software design of the decision-making. By introducing design patterns in the process of the framework design, the extensibility, reusability and practical applicability of the system have been improved. Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 7734 Author: Rekhav, V. S. and Muccini, H. Year of Conference: 2014 Title: A Study on Group Decision-Making in Software Architecture Conference Name: 2014 IEEE/IFIP Conference on Software Architecture Pages: 185-194 Date: 7-11 April 2014 Short Title: A Study on Group Decision-Making in Software Architecture DOI: 10.1109/WICSA.2014.15 Keywords: decision making software architecture software development management architectural design decisions architecture-related group decisions component selection connectors selection decision making enhancement decisions rationale design alternatives design decisions group decision making techniques stakeholder concerns Companies Computer architecture Industries Software systems Group Design Decisions Study state of the practice Abstract: When architecting software systems, architects (with the contribution of other stakeholders) make several design decisions. These decisions could be related to the selection of the right components and connectors, the architectural style to be used, the distribution of various components, the deployment of software components into hardware devices, etc. Many methods have been proposed by the research community to help documenting several aspects of architectural design decisions including design alternatives, stakeholder concerns, decisions and the rationale for making such decisions and enhancing the decision-making process. Still, very little has been done to truly understand how architectural design decisions are made by group of practitioners, what information is documented, the tools used for helping documenting and how conflicts are managed. This study, by looking at principles and techniques for group decision making coming from other disciplines, aims to understand: a) how practitioners make group decisions in architecting software systems, b) how practiced group decision-making techniques relate to state-of-the-art techniques, and c) challenges companies face when making architecture-related group decisions. The study is conducted by using a questionnaire distributed to practitioners and researchers involved in group design decisions in industry. The results are used to drive some recommendations to improve the current group design decision process. Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9571 Author: Rekhav, V. S. and Muccini, H. Year of Conference: 2014 Title: A Study on Group Decision-Making in Software Architecture Conference Name: 2014 IEEE/IFIP Conference on Software Architecture Pages: 185-194 Date: 7-11 April 2014 Short Title: A Study on Group Decision-Making in Software Architecture DOI: 10.1109/WICSA.2014.15 Keywords: decision making software architecture software development management architectural design decisions architecture-related group decisions component selection connectors selection decision making enhancement decisions rationale design alternatives design decisions group decision making techniques stakeholder concerns Companies Computer architecture Industries Software systems Group Design Decisions Study state of the practice Abstract: When architecting software systems, architects (with the contribution of other stakeholders) make several design decisions. These decisions could be related to the selection of the right components and connectors, the architectural style to be used, the distribution of various components, the deployment of software components into hardware devices, etc. Many methods have been proposed by the research community to help documenting several aspects of architectural design decisions including design alternatives, stakeholder concerns, decisions and the rationale for making such decisions and enhancing the decision-making process. Still, very little has been done to truly understand how architectural design decisions are made by group of practitioners, what information is documented, the tools used for helping documenting and how conflicts are managed. This study, by looking at principles and techniques for group decision making coming from other disciplines, aims to understand: a) how practitioners make group decisions in architecting software systems, b) how practiced group decision-making techniques relate to state-of-the-art techniques, and c) challenges companies face when making architecture-related group decisions. The study is conducted by using a questionnaire distributed to practitioners and researchers involved in group design decisions in industry. The results are used to drive some recommendations to improve the current group design decision process. 'File' Atttachments: internal-pdf://3165903344/A Study on Group Decision-Making in Software A.pdf Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 7863 Author: Kouroshfar, Ehsan, Mirakhorli, Mehdi, Bagheri, Hamid, Xiao, Lu, Malek, Sam and Cai, Yuanfang Year: 2015 Title: A study on the role of software architecture in the evolution and quality of software Conference Name: Proceedings of the 12th Working Conference on Mining Software Repositories Conference Location: Florence, Italy Publisher: IEEE Press Pages: 246-257 Place Published: 2820548 Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9158 Author: Kouroshfar, E., Mirakhorli, M., Bagheri, H., Xiao, L., Malek, S. and Cai, Y. Year of Conference: 2015 Title: A Study on the Role of Software Architecture in the Evolution and Quality of Software Conference Name: 2015 IEEE/ACM 12th Working Conference on Mining Software Repositories Pages: 246-257 Date: 16-17 May 2015 Short Title: A Study on the Role of Software Architecture in the Evolution and Quality of Software ISBN: 2160-1852 DOI: 10.1109/MSR.2015.30 Keywords: public domain software software architecture software quality architecture recovery techniques cross architectural module boundaries open-source software systems software evolution Computer architecture Couplings Data mining History Measurement Software systems Defects Software Repositories Abstract: Conventional wisdom suggests that a software system's architecture has a significant impact on its evolution. Prior research has studied the evolution of software using the information of how its files have changed together in their revision history. No prior study, however, has investigated the impact of architecture on the evolution of software from its change history. This is mainly because most open-source software systems do not document their architectures. We have overcome this challenge using several architecture recovery techniques. We used the recovered models to examine if co-changes spanning multiple architecture modules are more likely to introduce bugs than co-changes that are within modules. The results show that the co-changes that cross architectural module boundaries are more correlated with defects than co-changes within modules, implying that, to improve accuracy, bug predictors should also take the software architecture of the system into consideration. Notes: Connection of changes Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9041 Author: Chen, J., Xuan, Y. and Jin, C. Year of Conference: 2012 Title: Study on Usability Engineering of the Command and Control Software Design for Armored Vehicle Conference Name: 2012 International Conference on Computer Science and Service System Pages: 491-493 Date: 11-13 Aug. 2012 Short Title: Study on Usability Engineering of the Command and Control Software Design for Armored Vehicle DOI: 10.1109/CSSS.2012.129 Keywords: armour command and control systems feedback human computer interaction military vehicles software engineering armored vehicle command and control software design general software development process usability design usability engineering process model usability requirement analysis usability test usability theories user feedback Analytical models Prototypes Testing Usability Software development process The command and control software Usability engineering Abstract: According to the application situation of the command and control software for Armored Vehicle, this paper puts forward usability engineering process model of the command and control software using usability theories and usability engineering methods. This model includes usability requirement analysis, usability design, usability test and user feedback. The main views of this model are explained in this paper. It is compared with general software development process. It emphasizes the important role of users in software design, and devotes much attention to the feedback of users. It is useful for designers to develop the command and control software. Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 8029 Author: Curtis, Bill, Walz, Diane and Elam, Joyce Year: 1990 Title: Studying the process of software design teams Conference Name: Proceedings of the 5th international software process workshop on Experience with software process models Conference Location: Kennebunkport, Maine, USA Publisher: IEEE Computer Society Press Pages: 52-53 Place Published: 317698 Abstract: In the 1990s we will begin to see software development environments that embed models of the software process in the control of their tools. These process models will too often be based on traditional life cycle models, models of individual activity, or idealized models of team processes. If these environments are to benefit software development they must support team activity rather than hinder it. The crucial issue in developing technology to aid teams is how well the model implemented by the software coincides with a team's most effective behaviors in performing a task. In order to get a broad perspective on how software design teams solved problems, Herb Krasner and Jeff Conklin videotaped 37 team meetings over five months of an MCC team designing an object-oriented database. In a doctoral dissertation using these data, Diane Walz (1988) devised a method for scoring the verbal protocols of design teams into categories tailored to the design process. Her analysis emphasized the team's information requirements and their effect on the group process, especially information sharing. She began by assuming that the conflicts within a software design team were not solely the result of incompatible goals and/or opinions, but also represented the natural dialectic through which knowledge was exchanged and terminology was clarified (Walz, Elam, Krasner, & Curtis, 1988). Analyses of the protocols and follow-up questions to team members indicated that design meetings were generally dominated by a few individuals to whom fellow participants attributed the greatest breadth of expertise. These individuals appeared to form a coalition that controlled the direction of the team. A fundamental problem in building large systems is the development of a common understanding of the requirements and design across the project team. Of the few studies of multiple agents performing complex design activities, none have investigated the integration of knowledge across experts in different domains or the communication processes required to develop a common model of the application and the system design across the entire design team. As a result, design in team situations is typically treated as an outgrowth of individual design activities, avoiding the multi-agent problem-solving and communication issues. The transcripts of team meetings reveal the large amounts of time designers spend trying to develop a shared model of the design. For instance, many design meetings may be devoted to filling knowledge gaps, such as lectures about the application (e.g., talks by outside experts on object-oriented programming or the requirements for object repositories). Next, the team must come to a common understanding of the semantics of the symbol or diagrammatic system they are using to represent design information. The longer they go without establishing this consensus, the more communication breakdowns will occur. Next they must try to comprehend the differences in their initial model of the application and the design solution. Without understanding these individualized starting points, the team is unable to detect when a breakdown in establishing consensus is likely to have occurred. Finally, they must come to negotiate a common understanding of the architecture. This common model allows them to work on different components of the system without violating interfaces or architectural constraints. Problems of this nature usually do not show up until integration test, and are much more expensive to remove than they would have been in the design phase. The existing research on team problem-solving led us to expect monotonically increasing consensus among design team members on design issues. A simplistic model assuming that cooperative design activity requires agreement among team members lead us to expect this monotonic increase. However, an interesting pattern in the verbal acts representing agreement within the team was observed across the 17 meetings that constituted the design phase of this project. As the data in Figure 1 demonstrate, Walz observed a surprising inverted U-shaped curve (verified through logistic regression) that characterized verbal acts of agreement. The level of agreement increased until meetings 7-10, when the design team released a document presenting its functional specification in response to customer requirements. In subsequent meetings the level of agreement began to decrease. There are several possible explanations for the observed pattern. First, there may be an inflection point in the middle of a group process where the team is forced to come together and agree on their technical plan and operating procedures. Gersick (1988) observed such a point in a study of project teams. Rather than the standard group process of form-storm-norm-perform, Gersick suggested there came a point halfway through a group project where the team faced its lack of progress during its early stage, and came to a consensus about how it would attack the objective. Often this critical point involved an insight into the problem's structure. Group process was relatively stable and productive until the delivery of the final product. Although this model suggests that significant changes occur in a group's process midway through its history, it does not explain the downturn (the drop in consensus) of the inverted U-shaped curve. Gersick's model may be more descriptive of temporary teams that are asked to perform tasks out of their area of expertise. A second hypothesis is that this curve results from the integration of two processes occurring in teams. There is a intellectual process of integrating technical ideas and resolving inconsistencies. Overlaid on this process is a project process of meeting scheduled milestones. Meeting the milestone forced a contrived consensus that did not resolve underlying technical disagreements, but allowed production of a document. However, the existence of this document disguised the lack of intellectual integration that remained in the design. These disagreements began to dominate design meetings immediately after document delivery. Having completed their obligations the team was free to reopen the conflicts that were temporarily suspended to meet the milestone. Thus, we would expect this inverted-U phenomenon of agreement to recur whenever the team must achieve a shared (rather than individual) milestone. Since we only looked at the design phase, Walz could only observe one such curve. Had we studied behavior across the entire development phase Walz might have uncovered an oscillating curve representing the level of agreement with the upper inflections occurring at deadlines for milestones. However, the magnitude of these oscillations should decrease over time as the team resolved more of their underlying technical disagreements. A third explanation is not unlike the second, but emerges more from modeling the stepwise refinement (decomposition) of the artifact. In this model the team struggles to resolve technical conflicts at the initial level of refinement required of them (e.g., functional specification, system architecture, detailed design, etc.). After the artifact at this level is produced, the next level of refinement presents many new technical issues over which the team must struggle toward consensus. Thus, we would again expect to see an oscillating curve of agreement as succeeding stages of refinement present new sets of problems for the team to resolve. These continuing issues would not be surprising since the development team shifts its attention from the early concern with application structure to a later concern with how to optimize the software on the available hardware architecture. This model might differ from the second by not requiring a decreasing magnitude for the oscillations, since each oscillation represents a new wave of problems, rather than the continuing struggle to resolve disagreements that have existed from the project's start. Of these three explanations we prefer the second because we believe that on many, perhaps most, real projects there are people present who recognize early some of the fundamental problems that must be resolved. Their understanding of these problems cuts across several levels of abstraction or refinement and they are able to articulate the implications of these issues for several levels of refinement early in the design process. The levels of refinement argument may be relevant in that the problems attended to early are those that must be resolved to produce the artifact. Thus, levels of refinement provides a model for selecting among problems in order to make progress toward a milestone. Much research lies ahead before we can feel comfortable selecting among these speculations or other explanations of these data. We have concluded that the team design process should be modeled as a multi-agent cognitive process, on which the social processes of role development, coalition formation, communication, etc. are superimposed. In order to explain the team design process, we model group dynamics by their effect on team cognitive processes. Notes: More a summary Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 8337 Author: Suzuki, Noriko and Bartneck, Christoph Year: 2003 Title: Subtle expressivity for characters and robots Conference Name: CHI '03 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems Conference Location: Ft. Lauderdale, Florida, USA Publisher: ACM Pages: 1064-1065 DOI: 10.1145/765891.766150 Place Published: 766150 Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8524 Author: Beydoun, Ghassan, Low, Graham and Bogg, Paul Year: 2013 Title: Suitability assessment framework of agent-based software architectures Journal: Information and Software Technology Volume: 55 Issue: 4 Pages: 673-689 Date: 4// Short Title: Suitability assessment framework of agent-based software architectures ISSN: 0950-5849 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.infsof.2012.10.007 Keywords: Modelling Distributed intelligent systems Agent Multi Agent Systems Software development Abstract: Context A common distributed intelligent system architecture is Multi Agent Systems (MASs). Creating systems with this architecture has been recently supported by Agent Oriented Software Engineering (AOSE) methodologies. But two questions remain: how do we determine the suitability of a MAS implementation for a particular problem? And can this be determined without AOSE expertise? Objective Given the relatively small number of software engineers that are AOSE experts, many problems that could be better solved with a MAS system are solved using more commonly known but not necessarily as suitable development approaches (e.g. object-oriented). The paper aims to empower software engineers, who are not necessarily AOSE experts, in deciding whether or not they should advocate the use of an MAS technology for a given project. Method The paper will construct a systematic framework to identify key criteria in a problem requirement definition to assess the suitability of a MAS solution. The criteria are first identified using an iterative process. The features are initially identified from MAS implementations, and then validated against related work. This is followed by a statistical analysis of 25 problems that characterise agent-oriented solutions previously developed to group features into key criteria. Results Key criteria were sufficiently prominent using factor analysis to construct a framework which provides a process that identifies within the requirements the criteria discovered. This framework is then evaluated for assessing suitability of a MAS architecture, by non-AOSE experts, on two real world problems: an electricity market simulation and a financial accounting system. Conclusion Substituting a software engineer’s personal inclination to (or not to) use a MAS, our framework provides an objective mechanism. It can supplant current practices where the decision to use a MAS architecture for a given problem remains an informal process. It was successfully illustrated on two real world problems to assess the suitability of a MAS implementation. This paper will potentially facilitate the take up of MAS technology. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S095058491200225X Reference Type: Book Section Record Number: 7847 Author: Rekha V., Smrithi and Muccini, Henry Year: 2014 Title: Suitability of Software Architecture Decision Making Methods for Group Decisions Editor: Avgeriou, Paris and Zdun, Uwe Book Title: Software Architecture: 8th European Conference, ECSA 2014, Vienna, Austria, August 25-29, 2014. Proceedings Place Published: Cham Publisher: Springer International Publishing Pages: 17-32 Short Title: Suitability of Software Architecture Decision Making Methods for Group Decisions ISBN: 978-3-319-09970-5 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-09970-5_2 Label: Rekha V.2014 Abstract: Software architecture design decisions are central to the architecting process. Hence, the software architecture community has been constantly striving towards making the decision-making process robust and reliable to create high-quality architectures. Surveys of practitioners has demonstrated that most decisions made by them are group decisions. Hence, for any tool or method to be useful to them, it must include provision for making group decisions. URL: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-09970-5_2 Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 7943 Author: Berenbach, Brian and Bass, Len Year: 2008 Title: Summary for leadership and management in software architecture (lMSA 2008) Conference Name: Companion of the 30th international conference on Software engineering Conference Location: Leipzig, Germany Publisher: ACM Pages: 1043-1044 DOI: 10.1145/1370175.1370238 Place Published: 1370238 Abstract: Software architecture, in education and practice, is primarily concerned with technical issues associated with the quality of software architecture and design. However, as project size increases, leadership, management skills, and the organizational context of the architect become more important, to the point where the non-technical duties of the project architect can "make or break" a project. This workshop is focused on understanding these non-technical duties. Notes: workshop Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8519 Author: Choi, Gyu Sang and Das, Chita R. Year: 2010 Title: A Superscalar software architecture model for Multi-Core Processors (MCPs) Journal: Journal of Systems and Software Volume: 83 Issue: 10 Pages: 1823-1837 Date: 10// Short Title: A Superscalar software architecture model for Multi-Core Processors (MCPs) ISSN: 0164-1212 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jss.2010.04.068 Keywords: Multi-Core SuperScalar Software architecture model Multi-thread Abstract: Design of high-performance servers has become a research thrust to meet the increasing demand of network-based applications. One approach to design such architectures is to exploit the enormous computing power of Multi-Core Processors (MCPs) that are envisioned to become the state-of-the-art in processor architecture. In this paper, we propose a new software architecture model, called SuperScalar, suitable for MCP machines. The proposed SuperScalar model consists of multiple pipelined thread pools, where each pipelined thread pool consists of multiple threads, and each thread takes a different role. The main advantages of the proposed model are global information sharing by the threads and minimal memory requirement due to fewer threads. We have conducted in-depth performance analyses of the proposed scheme along with three prior software architecture schemes (Multi-Process (MP), Multi-Thread (MT) and Event-Driven (ED)) via an analytical model. The performance results indicate that the proposed SuperScalar model shows the best performance across all system and workload parameters compared to the MP, MT and ED models. Although the MT model shows competitive performance with less number of processing cores and smaller data cache size, the advantage of the SuperScalar model becomes obvious as the number of processing cores increases. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0164121210001433 Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9205 Author: Beringer, D. and Alvarado, F. Year of Conference: 1986 Title: Supervisory interface with expert systems for semiautonomous walking robots Conference Name: Proceedings. 1986 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation Volume: 3 Pages: 1132-1136 Date: Apr 1986 Short Title: Supervisory interface with expert systems for semiautonomous walking robots DOI: 10.1109/ROBOT.1986.1087573 Keywords: Expert systems Foot Leg Legged locomotion Microprocessors Mobile robots Payloads Remotely operated vehicles Robot kinematics Testing Abstract: Technological progress has been made toward achieving adaptive legged locomotion in "robots." Current efforts in this area involve three phases of development; manual operation by an on-board operator, teleoperation, and semiautonomous to autonomous operation. It is the latter that presents the greatest challenge, both in terms of software design and in interfacing a human supervisor with the autonomous expert system. This paper traces some of the development behind these efforts and examines the organization of such systems for a walking vehicle, briefly outlining research in progress. Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9588 Author: Harandi, M. T. and Hing-Yan, Lee Year of Conference: 1992 Title: A support environment for knowledge-based software design Conference Name: Proceedings Fourth International Conference on Software Engineering and Knowledge Engineering Pages: 71-78 Date: 15-20 Jun 1992 Short Title: A support environment for knowledge-based software design DOI: 10.1109/SEKE.1992.227945 Keywords: diagrams entity-relationship modelling knowledge based systems software reusability systems analysis dataflow diagrams dataflow-oriented software design design environment entity-relationship based data models interactive system knowledge-based software design structured analysis system design reuse Data analysis Data models Process design Software design Abstract: Most of the important aspects of the design process can be effectively supported if such expertise can be identified, acquired, and reused. This paper presents a design environment that supports this knowledge-based approach to software design. The design approach may be viewed as knowledge-driven refinement of abstract/specific design models. The design environment consists of a design subsystem, an acquisition and refinement subsystem, and a retrieval mechanism for the retrieval of abstract/specific design models. This paper also describes the interactive aspects required in such an environment. The design representation used in the environment consists of leveled dataflow diagrams and entity-relationship based data models supporting structured analysis and dataflow-oriented software design Notes: techniques to describe architecture Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 8268 Author: Bandini, Stefania, Paoli, Flavio De, Manzoni, Sara and Mereghetti, Paolo Year: 2002 Title: A support system to COTS-based software development for business services Conference Name: Proceedings of the 14th international conference on Software engineering and knowledge engineering Conference Location: Ischia, Italy Publisher: ACM Pages: 307-314 DOI: 10.1145/568760.568815 Place Published: 568815 Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 7677 Author: Cavalcante, E., Batista, T. and Oquendo, F. Year of Conference: 2015 Title: Supporting Dynamic Software Architectures: From Architectural Description to Implementation Conference Name: 2015 12th Working IEEE/IFIP Conference on Software Architecture Pages: 31-40 Date: 4-8 May 2015 Short Title: Supporting Dynamic Software Architectures: From Architectural Description to Implementation DOI: 10.1109/WICSA.2015.21 Keywords: programming languages software architecture π -ADL Go programming language architectural-level primitives architecture description languages dynamic software architectures programmed dynamic reconfiguration specification real-world flood monitoring system source code Computer architecture Connectors Logic gates Monitoring Runtime Sensors Go architecture description language dynamic reconfiguration p-ADL software architectures Abstract: Dynamic software architectures are those that describe how components and connectors can be created, interconnected, and/or removed during system execution. Most existing architecture description languages (ADLs) provide a limited support to expressively describe these architectures and entail architectural mismatches and inconsistencies between architecture and implementation due to their decoupling from implementation. In this paper, we introduce the dynamic reconfiguration support provided by π-ADL, a formal, well-founded theoretically language for describing dynamic software architectures under structural and behavioral viewpoints. π-ADL provides architectural-level primitives for specifying programmed dynamic reconfigurations, i.e., Foreseen changes described at design time and triggered at runtime. In addition, π-ADL allows enacting dynamic reconfiguration by means of: (i) an exogenous approach, in which it is possible to control all elements of the software architectures and to apply the changes on the whole structure, and (ii) an endogenous approach, in which the architectural elements can manage dynamic reconfiguration actions. Furthermore, π-ADL is integrated with the Go programming language, thus enabling to automatically generate implementation code from architectural descriptions, thus tackling the existing gap between them. We hereby use a real-world flood monitoring system as an illustrative example of how to describe dynamic software architectures in π-ADL and automatically generate source code in Go. Notes: automatic source code generation Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8609 Author: Liu, H., Tang, M. X. and Frazer, J. Year: 2001 Title: Supporting learning in a shared design environment Journal: Advances in Engineering Software Volume: 32 Issue: 4 Pages: 285-293 Date: 3/1/ Short Title: Supporting learning in a shared design environment ISSN: 0965-9978 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0965-9978(00)00092-2 Keywords: Design agent Sharing learning Knowledge representation Abstract: Design is a complex problem solving and knowledge refinement process. Learning is a part of this process that can improve computer based design support systems by using the knowledge representing the experience and expertise of designers. Learning from past design examples, and acquiring new knowledge during the process of design are closely related activities that must be supported by future computer supported design systems. This paper analyses the relation between design and learning activity to propose a learning model of design first. Then it presents the software architecture of a design agent with an inductive learning mechanism. Subsequently it introduces the knowledge representation and learning algorithms in a multi-agent design system. Finally, the paper examines the possible ways in which the proposed learning model and the software architecture can be placed in an industrial and engineering design context for developing application tools for design support. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0965997800000922 Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 8779 Author: Brien, L. O', Smith, D. and Lewis, G. Year of Conference: 2005 Title: Supporting Migration to Services using Software Architecture Reconstruction Conference Name: 13th IEEE International Workshop on Software Technology and Engineering Practice (STEP'05) Pages: 81-91 Date: 0-0 0 Short Title: Supporting Migration to Services using Software Architecture Reconstruction DOI: 10.1109/STEP.2005.29 Keywords: software architecture software maintenance software reusability systems re-engineering legacy component identification legacy component reuse product streamlining service-oriented architecture software architecture reconstruction system modernization Computer architecture Conferences Decision making Scalability Service oriented architecture Simple object access protocol Software engineering Software measurement Web services Architecture Architecture Reconstruction Migration to Services Oriented Architecture Service System Modernization. Abstract: There are many good reasons why organizations should perform software architecture reconstructions. However, few organizations are willing to pay for the effort. Software architecture reconstruction must be viewed not as an effort on its own but as a contribution in a broader technical context, such as the streamlining of products into a product line or the modernization of systems that hit their architectural borders, that is require major restructuring. In this paper we propose the use of architecture reconstruction to support system modernization through the identification and reuse of legacy components as services in a service-oriented architecture (SOA). A case study showing how architecture reconstruction was used on a system to support an organization's decision-making process is presented Notes: tool to reconstruct software architecture Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 8059 Author: Stevanetic, Srdjan, Plakidas, Konstantinos, Ionescu, Tudor B., Schall, Daniel and Zdun, Uwe Year: 2016 Title: Supporting quality-driven architectural design decisions in software ecosystems Conference Name: Proccedings of the 10th European Conference on Software Architecture Workshops Conference Location: Copenhagen, Denmark Publisher: ACM Pages: 1-4 DOI: 10.1145/2993412.3003383 Place Published: 3003383 Abstract: System quality attributes (QAs) are often considered as the most important decision drivers. In this paper, motivated by the decision making in a smart-city software ecosystem, we extend our previous approach that integrates reusable architectural design decisions (ADDs) with the QAs, by integrating tactics that support quality-driven decision making. In addition, we present an approach that enables system evolution, based on controlled and adaptable decision making and utilizing real data obtained during system monitoring. The approach integrates the previous approach that uses tactics with the existing model-driven development paradigm and the corresponding tools. Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 7920 Author: Alebrahim, Azadeh and Heisel, Maritta Year: 2012 Title: Supporting quality-driven design decisions by modeling variability Conference Name: Proceedings of the 8th international ACM SIGSOFT conference on Quality of Software Architectures Conference Location: Bertinoro, Italy Publisher: ACM Pages: 43-48 DOI: 10.1145/2304696.2304705 Place Published: 2304705 Abstract: Design decisions should take quality characteristics into account. To support such decisions, we capture various solution artifacts with different levels of satisfying quality requirements as variabilities in the solution space and provide them with rationales for selecting suitable variants. We present a UML-based approach to modeling variability in the problem and the solution space by adopting the notion of feature modeling. It provides a mapping of requirements variability to design solution variability to be used as a part of a general process for generating design alternatives. Our approach supports the software engineer in the process of decision-making for selecting suitable solution variants, reflecting quality concerns, and reasoning about it. Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9292 Author: Sulaiman, S., Rashid, N. A., Abdullah, R. and Sulaiman, S. Year of Conference: 2008 Title: Supporting system development by novice software engineers using a tutor-based software visualization (TubVis) approach Conference Name: 2008 International Symposium on Information Technology Volume: 4 Pages: 1-8 Date: 26-28 Aug. 2008 Short Title: Supporting system development by novice software engineers using a tutor-based software visualization (TubVis) approach ISBN: 2155-8973 DOI: 10.1109/ITSIM.2008.4631951 Keywords: Best practices Computer aided software engineering Computer science Design engineering Reverse engineering Software design Software engineering Software prototyping Software tools Visualization Abstract: Most computer-aided software engineering (CASE) products provide visualization utility to view software artefacts developed. Nevertheless, existing methods or approaches in such tools are limited to generating the views or component dependencies that is focusing on ‘what’ the output of reverse engineering process. The online help provided by the tools only indicate ‘how’ to use the tools to generate the views. Since existing tools mostly target for experienced software engineers, they tend to overlook the need of explaining ‘why’ the output is recommended or not with regard to software engineering principles. Hence we propose tutor-based software visualization (TubVis) approach in SoVis tool that analyses software artefacts pertaining to software engineering best practices inputted by the experts and generate a set of recommendations regarding the design and coding for a novices. We anticipate TubVis can improve the quality of software design and program comprehension by combining practical and theoretical aspects of software engineering education in a software visualization tool. Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8648 Author: Pendergast, Mark, Aytes, Kregg and Lee, James D. Year: 1999 Title: Supporting the group creation of formal and informal graphics during business process modeling Journal: Interacting with Computers Volume: 11 Issue: 4 Pages: 355-373 Date: 4// Short Title: Supporting the group creation of formal and informal graphics during business process modeling ISSN: 0953-5438 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0953-5438(98)00027-7 Keywords: Groupware Collaborative drawing IDEF Computer-supported cooperative work Enterprise analysis Collaborative applications Electronic meeting systems Group support systems Abstract: Since the 1960s, research in systems analysis and design has been performed along two distinct tracts: the automation of software design, implementation, and verification; and the elicitation of high level systems requirements. Computer-aided software engineering, rapid prototyping, and more recently, visual programming have been the tools developed for the automation of software development. Enterprise Analysis, in the form of process and information modeling, has been a primary area of focus for requirements development research. The application of Electronic Meeting Systems technology to Enterprise Analysis is a promising technology for the timely elicitation of requirements from groups of subject matter experts. However, Electronic Meeting Systems do not explicitly support the development of graphical models—a requirement for many process modeling techniques. This paper describes a research effort to provide support for the creation of graphical business models by groups. Design decisions were made based on use of the tools by real-world groups, as well as a result of laboratory studies. One of the most interesting findings was that users found it particularly efficient to be able to enter model definitions through a textual interface and view computer generated graphical views of the model. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0953543898000277 Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 8866 Author: Javed, M. A. and Zdun, U. Year of Conference: 2014 Title: The Supportive Effect of Traceability Links in Architecture-Level Software Understanding: Two Controlled Experiments Conference Name: 2014 IEEE/IFIP Conference on Software Architecture Pages: 215-224 Date: 7-11 April 2014 Short Title: The Supportive Effect of Traceability Links in Architecture-Level Software Understanding: Two Controlled Experiments DOI: 10.1109/WICSA.2014.43 Keywords: program diagnostics reverse engineering software architecture software maintenance software quality architectural designs architecture traceability architecture-level software understanding activities software architectures software quality control traceability information traceability links supportive effect Androids Atmospheric measurements Computer architecture Particle measurements Software systems Architecture understanding Controlled experiment Empirical software engineering Abstract: The advocates of architecture traceability approaches regularly cite advantages like easier understanding of architectural designs and support for software quality control and maintenance. However, the lack of published empirical data on the usefulness of architecture traceability is one of the reasons that prevents the wide adoption of traceability approaches in industrial settings. This paper reports on two controlled experiments performed with different participants to investigate whether the use of architecture traceability can significantly support architecture-level understanding activities. The replications with different participants allowed us to investigate whether the participants' experience plays a significant role in the understanding of software architectures with or without traceability information. In particular, we designed twelve typical questions aimed at gaining an architecture-level understanding of a representative subject system and measured how a control group (provided with no traceability information) and an experiment group (provided with traceability information) answered these questions in terms of the solutions' correctness and the participants' experience. Our findings show that the correctness of the answers of the participants in the experiment group is significantly higher than in the control group, whereas no significant differences with regard to the experience of the participants are observed. Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8604 Author: Tang, Antony, Babar, Muhammad Ali, Gorton, Ian and Han, Jun Year: 2006 Title: A survey of architecture design rationale Journal: Journal of Systems and Software Volume: 79 Issue: 12 Pages: 1792-1804 Date: 12// Short Title: A survey of architecture design rationale ISSN: 0164-1212 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jss.2006.04.029 Keywords: Design rationale Software architecture Survey Abstract: Many claims have been made about the consequences of not documenting design rationale. The general perception is that designers and architects usually do not fully understand the critical role of systematic use and capture of design rationale. However, there is to date little empirical evidence available on what design rationale mean to practitioners, how valuable they consider it, and how they use and document it during the design process. This paper reports a survey of practitioners to probe their perception of the value of design rationale and how they use and document the background knowledge related to their design decisions. Based on 81 valid responses, this study has discovered that practitioners recognize the importance of documenting design rationale and frequently use them to reason about their design choices. However, they have indicated barriers to the use and documentation of design rationale. Based on the findings, we conclude that further research is needed to develop methodology and tool support for design rationale capture and usage. Furthermore, we put forward some specific research questions about design rationale that could be further investigated to benefit industry practice. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0164121206001415 'File' Attachments: internal-pdf://1820063103/A survey of architecture design rationale.pdf Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9442 Author: Modoni, G. E., Sacco, M. and Terkaj, W. Year of Conference: 2014 Title: A survey of RDF store solutions Conference Name: 2014 International Conference on Engineering, Technology and Innovation (ICE) Pages: 1-7 Date: 23-25 June 2014 Short Title: A survey of RDF store solutions DOI: 10.1109/ICE.2014.6871541 Keywords: information retrieval information storage innovation management manufacturing data processing semantic Web software architecture software tools RDF store solutions engineering knowledge industrial scenarios information sharing semantic Web technologies semantic information representation semantic information retrieval semantic information storage software applications software components Data models Databases Interoperability Java Resource description framework Security Semantics RDF Stores Responsible Innovation Abstract: This paper analyzes the potential of Semantic Web technologies to support innovation in industrial scenarios. The study focuses in particular on RDF stores, the software components dedicated to the storage, representation and retrieval of semantic information. Starting from a literature review, a qualitative analysis is carried out considering a set of these systems. RDF stores are evaluated to find the implementations that are best suited to play the role of backbone in a software architecture sharing information between the software tools adopted by the various stakeholders. This can be achieved if the architecture overcomes the problems deriving from the lack of integration between the involved software applications, providing in this way an integrated view on relevant engineering knowledge. Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9215 Author: Wang, X. and Tan, W. Year of Conference: 2013 Title: A Survey on Intelligent Information Processing System: A Machine Ailment Diagnosing Based on KNN Similarity Degree Conference Name: 2013 International Conference on Computer Sciences and Applications Pages: 715-718 Date: 14-15 Dec. 2013 Short Title: A Survey on Intelligent Information Processing System: A Machine Ailment Diagnosing Based on KNN Similarity Degree DOI: 10.1109/CSA.2013.172 Keywords: diagnostic expert systems fuzzy set theory software architecture veterinary medicine KNN ailment-similarity- degree pattern recognition KNN similarity degree fuzzy membership pattern intelligent information processing system machine ailment diagnosis machine diagnosing model uncertainty factor vector pattern veterinarian expert diagnose animal ailment veterinary information technology development Art Artificial intelligence Educational institutions Information processing Pattern recognition Uncertainty Vectors Ailment Diagnosing Intelligent Information Processing KNN Similarity Degree Uncertainty Factors Abstract: Intelligent Information Processing System has successful application in informationization of traditional industry. Exact addressing the stock case's ailment type and roots as quickly as possible has been the weight of developing information technology for veterinary. In order to assist human veterinarian expert diagnose animal ailment, this work proposes a machine diagnosing model based on KNN ailment-similarity-degree pattern recognition. The project crew devises 3 similarity distance measuring methods including Lee distance and Jaro distance, which are addressed to the uncertainty factor vector pattern and fuzzy membership pattern. In addition, the software architecture of the machine diagnosing model and diagnosing algorithm is constructed in detail. Field experimental statistics demonstrate that compared with the individual human veterinary expert, the proposed model achieve a preferable accuracy rate of diagnosis over 80%, and low a rate of misdiagnosis obviously, which is an alternate of existent ones with great potential. Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 9083 Author: Dobrica, L. and Niemela, E. Year: 2002 Title: A survey on software architecture analysis methods Journal: IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering Volume: 28 Issue: 7 Pages: 638-653 Short Title: A survey on software architecture analysis methods ISSN: 0098-5589 DOI: 10.1109/TSE.2002.1019479 Keywords: reviews software architecture software quality appropriateness studies classifications objective reflections potential risk identification scenarios software architecture analysis methods software architecture assessment process software quality attributes software quality requirements survey Computer Society Computer architecture Computer industry Guidelines Reflection Risk analysis Software metrics Software systems Abstract: The purpose of the architecture evaluation of a software system is to analyze the architecture to identify potential risks and to verify that the quality requirements have been addressed in the design. This survey shows the state of the research at this moment, in this domain, by presenting and discussing eight of the most representative architecture analysis methods. The selection of the studied methods tries to cover as many particular views of objective reflections as possible to be derived from the general goal. The role of the discussion is to offer guidelines related to the use of the most suitable method for an architecture assessment process. We will concentrate on discovering similarities and differences between these eight available methods by making classifications, comparisons and appropriateness studies. Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8116 Author: Khwaja, Salman and Alshayeb, Mohammad Year: 2016 Title: Survey On Software Design-Pattern Specification Languages Journal: ACM Comput. Surv. Volume: 49 Issue: 1 Pages: 1-35 Short Title: Survey On Software Design-Pattern Specification Languages ISSN: 0360-0300 DOI: 10.1145/2926966 Legal Note: 2926966 Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 7891 Author: Mart, Silverio, #237, nez-Fern, #225, ndez, Ayala, Claudia P., Franch, Xavier and Nakagawa, Elisa Y. Year: 2015 Title: A Survey on the Benefits and Drawbacks of AUTOSAR Conference Name: Proceedings of the First International Workshop on Automotive Software Architecture Conference Location: Montréal, QC, Canada Publisher: ACM Pages: 19-26 DOI: 10.1145/2752489.2752493 Place Published: 2752493 Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 8985 Author: Martínez-Fernandez, S., Ayala, C. P., Franch, X. and Nakagawa, E. Y. Year of Conference: 2015 Title: A survey on the benefits and drawbacks of AUTOSAR Conference Name: 2015 First International Workshop on Automotive Software Architecture (WASA) Pages: 19-26 Date: 4-8 May 2015 Short Title: A survey on the benefits and drawbacks of AUTOSAR DOI: 10.1145/2752489.2752493 Keywords: automobiles open systems software architecture software quality software reusability traffic engineering computing AUTOSAR Web-based survey automotive applications automotive open system architecture complexity drawback initial investment drawback interoperability benefit learning curve drawback reuse benefit software development software productivity software reference architectures standardization benefit Automotive engineering Companies Computer architecture Software Standards organizations automotive software development empirical software engineering reference architecture survey Abstract: The use of software reference architectures plays a fundamental role in software development, as it could bring several benefits such as providing means to design applications' software architectures with higher productivity and quality. However, many organizations still find scarce the existing empirical evidence about the benefits and drawbacks of software reference architectures. Organizations need such evidence to make informed decisions whether or not to adopt a software reference architecture for the development and maintenance of software applications. In this context, this paper aims to gather evidence on AUTOSAR, a mature and accepted software reference architecture for automotive applications used worldwide by more than 180 organizations. We designed and executed a web-based survey addressed to practitioners with experience in using AUTOSAR. We obtained 51 valid responses. The survey results indicate that the most popular benefits of AUTOSAR are standardization (88%), reuse (80%) and interoperability (51%) whereas its most important drawbacks are complexity (65%), initial investment (59%) and learning curve (51%). The respondents of the survey also gave directions to handle the major drawbacks of AUTOSAR, such as the need of a tool environment to improve its usability and handle its complexity, and the need of more stable releases of AUTOSAR to decrease the cost of migrating among versions. Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 7868 Author: Robillard, Martin P. Year: 2016 Title: Sustainable software design Conference Name: Proceedings of the 2016 24th ACM SIGSOFT International Symposium on Foundations of Software Engineering Conference Location: Seattle, WA, USA Publisher: ACM Pages: 920-923 DOI: 10.1145/2950290.2983983 Place Published: 2983983 Abstract: Although design plays a central role in software development, the information produced in this activity is often left to progressively evaporate as the result of software evolution, loss of artifacts, or the fading of related knowledge held by the development team. This paper introduces the concept of sustainability for software design, and calls for its integration into the existing catalog of design quality attributes. Applied to software design, sustainability conveys the idea that a particular set of design decisions and their rationale can be succinctly reflected in the host technology and/or described in documentation in a way that is checkable for conformance with the code and generally resistant to evaporation. The paper discusses the relation between sustainability and existing research areas in software engineering, and highlights future research challenges related to sustainable software design. Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9438 Author: Straub, J. Year of Conference: 2015 Title: Swarm intelligence, a Blackboard architecture and local decision making for spacecraft command Conference Name: 2015 IEEE Aerospace Conference Pages: 1-7 Date: 7-14 March 2015 Short Title: Swarm intelligence, a Blackboard architecture and local decision making for spacecraft command ISBN: 1095-323X DOI: 10.1109/AERO.2015.7119165 Keywords: blackboard architecture decision making software architecture space vehicles swarm intelligence blackboard software architecture data sharing local decision making multispacecraft constellation multispacecraft mission qualitative analysis quantitative analysis resilient hierarchy spacecraft command Biographies Abstract: Control of a multi-spacecraft constellation is a topic of significant inquiry, at present. This paper presents and evaluates a command architecture for a multi-spacecraft mission. It combines swarm techniques with a decentralized / local decision making architecture (which uses a set of shared blackboards for coordination) and demonstrates the efficacy of this approach. Under this approach, the Blackboard software architecture is used to facilitate data sharing between craft as part of a resilient hierarchy and the swarm techniques are used to coordinate activity. The paper begins with an overview of prior work on the precursor command technologies and then presents five command architectures for comparison purposes. Then, it presents a qualitative analysis of these techniques, followed by a quantitative analysis which characterizes the constellation's performance across a variety of prospective scenarios including normal operations, several mission scenarios which limit communications, operations in an intentionally communications-denied environment and operations across a variety of craft failure scenarios. From performance analysis, the utility of the techniques is analyzed. Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9505 Author: Fedi, F. Year of Conference: 2012 Title: Swarm-centric multirobot systems: The Sistemi Software Integrati Solution Conference Name: 2012 IEEE First AESS European Conference on Satellite Telecommunications (ESTEL) Pages: 1-4 Date: 2-5 Oct. 2012 Short Title: Swarm-centric multirobot systems: The Sistemi Software Integrati Solution ISBN: 2375-8546 DOI: 10.1109/ESTEL.2012.6400179 Keywords: robots swarm intelligence Sistemi Software Integrati R& D activities autonomous systems network-centric software architecture network-centric systems real-time swarm intelligence platform swarm-centric architectures swarm-centric multirobot systems Computer architecture Feedback loop Organizations Particle swarm optimization Real-time systems Software Multirobot Cooperation Network-Centric Real Time Data Distribution Services Abstract: This paper describes the main outcomes of Sistemi Software Integrati (SSI) R&D activities addressing Network-centric software architecture for autonomous systems. Specifically, the studies and products focus on Swarm-centric architectures, a specialized branch of Network-centric systems where system features such as autonomy, fractionation, and (self-) organization gain a primary role in the system design guidelines. The Real-Time Swarm Intelligence Platform (RT-SIP) is described as SSI product and application integration platform which implements the Swarm paradigm. Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8622 Author: Dörner, Ralf, Grimm, Paul and Abawi, Daniel F. Year: 2002 Title: Synergies between interactive training simulations and digital storytelling: a component-based framework Journal: Computers & Graphics Volume: 26 Issue: 1 Pages: 45-55 Date: 2// Short Title: Synergies between interactive training simulations and digital storytelling: a component-based framework ISSN: 0097-8493 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0097-8493(01)00177-7 Abstract: A vital requirement for a successful software framework for digital storytelling is that it takes the abilities and background of the story authors into account. Dedicated tools should support authors in expressing their stories within this framework at an adequate level and point out an according authoring process for digital stories. The software framework should provide communication interfaces between technology experts, storytelling experts and application domain-experts. These requirements are similar to the ones already encountered when setting up a framework for interactive training applications. We present a concept how component and framework methodologies from software engineering as well as concepts from artificial intelligence can foster the design of such a software framework. The software architecture of our proposed framework is discussed as well as the according authoring process and tools. An implementation of our concept is described and lessons learned during using this framework in the application domain of emergency training are addressed. Although the framework has been applied for training purposes in particular, it can be used as a basis for a digital storytelling framework in general. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0097849301001777 Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8642 Author: Sigrimis, N. A., Arvanitis, K. G. and Pasgianos, G. D. Year: 2000 Title: Synergism of high and low level systems for the efficient management of greenhouses Journal: Computers and Electronics in Agriculture Volume: 29 Issue: 1–2 Pages: 21-39 Date: 10// Short Title: Synergism of high and low level systems for the efficient management of greenhouses ISSN: 0168-1699 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0168-1699(00)00134-4 Keywords: Computer control Fuzzy systems Knowledge based control Proportional-integral-derivative (PID) control Smith predictor Abstract: The advantages of using artificial intelligence (AI) decision support tools in synergism with low level process controllers or schedulers are investigated in this paper. The development of a modern control and management system for greenhouses used recent advances in software design, and development tools, to provide an open system for rapid program development. To effectively integrate expert system applications in a control and management system, an environment was built that supports all required interfaces between AI applications and the greenhouse management system (GMS). This environment incorporates a native fuzzy knowledge based system (KBS) and a number of procedural control functions, in the GMS, that can effectively interact. The programmable logic controller (PLC) houses all well-known control function blocks, in library form, callable to implement various control loop designs. Functions that have not been foreseen in the PLC control library can be instantly implemented using the open KBS system. The innovative addition of integral initial conditions on a proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controller, for repetitive load switching applications, is an example, demonstrated in this paper. The usefulness of other control blocks such as a self-adjusting Smith predictor is also tested for a real application of a mixing process with long dead time. Synergism of fuzzy decisions and fuzzy controllers, at the supervisory level, with low level process regulators provide adaptive systems, which can optimize both long-term objectives and the short time dynamic responses. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0168169900001344 Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 9052 Author: Unver, H. O. Year: 2011 Title: System Architectures Enabling Reconfigurable Laboratory-Automation Systems Journal: IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, Part C (Applications and Reviews) Volume: 41 Issue: 6 Pages: 909-922 Short Title: System Architectures Enabling Reconfigurable Laboratory-Automation Systems ISSN: 1094-6977 DOI: 10.1109/TSMCC.2011.2107552 Keywords: biochemistry biotechnology genomics laboratory techniques object-oriented methods pharmaceutical industry production engineering computing reconfigurable architectures research and development R& D biology biopharma companies capital-intensive pharmaceutical laboratories drug-discovery pipeline high throughput screening human genomics integrated-system platforms integration techniques interdisciplinary function object-oriented control-system framework reconfigurable laboratory-automation systems software-design patterns system architectures Automation Computer architecture Laboratories Object oriented methods Software High throughput screening (HTS) laboratory automation systems object-oriented design and development reconfigurable automation software patterns Abstract: As many biopharma companies fill their drug-discovery pipeline with new blockbuster candidates every year, the integration techniques employed become more critical. In the biopharma industry, high throughput screening (HTS) is an essential function to deliver new drugs rapidly and cost effectively. This interdisciplinary function requires not only understanding of the biology and biochemistry underlying the therapeutic target but involves engineering functions, such as automation, robotics, detection technologies, high-volume data acquisition, and analysis as well. This paper discusses a six-year long research and development (R&D) effort in pursuit of developing system architectures that makes HTS systems more flexible and reconfigurable. From the capital-intensive pharmaceutical laboratories to booming biotech startups driven by advances in human genomics, changing architectural paradigms in screening automation are reviewed. Recently, flexibility and reconfigurability of systems to achieve maximum utilization has emerged as the dominant requirement from a systems perspective as reuse of expensive instruments and equipment is an essential component of cost-effectiveness in drug discovery. In order to enable reconfigurability of systems, we present our modular and object-oriented control-system framework and software-design patterns adopted into our control architecture. Embodiment of these patterns in our control architecture added value to functions of various stakeholders of products from R&D engineers, marketing/sales, to field service and users. Further, we discuss the requirements, design, and implementation of these unique patterns, which effectively balances reusability, flexibility, ease of use, and throughput in integrated-system platforms that we have developed. The techniques and models that are presented in this paper will improve architectural flexibility of HTS systems, thereby helping automation experts, scientists, chemists, and other lev- - els of users in the field to make the most out of their systems. Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9312 Author: Lei, Yi, Zhao, Zhengming and Xue, Jing Year of Conference: 2008 Title: A systematic and qualitative assessment method and software design for energy efficiency of typical electric machine systems with pumps and fans Conference Name: 2008 International Conference on Electrical Machines and Systems Pages: 226-231 Date: 17-20 Oct. 2008 Short Title: A systematic and qualitative assessment method and software design for energy efficiency of typical electric machine systems with pumps and fans Keywords: electric machine analysis computing fans induction motors pumps control devices electric machine systems energy conservation energy efficiency loads devices power converters qualitative assessment method software design systematic assessment method three-phase induction motors Computer aided manufacturing Electric machines Induction machines Potential energy Abstract: Three-phase induction motors as well as power converters are intrinsically efficient machines and devices. However, due to the common misapplication of them with loads like pumps and fans, these electric machine systems are considered a great potential of energy conservation in industries. As to assessing methods of energy conservation, neither the study of induction machine efficiency nor the analysis of pumps and fans performance is new. However, the systematic and qualitative analysis and assessment of the energy efficiency of induction machines, loads and control devices acting as a whole system are still complicated yet indispensable for electric machine system energy conservation program in China. In this paper, a systematic and qualitative assessment method for energy application efficiency of electric machine system is raised. Based on this method, an assessing computer program is designed to provide referencing information for making investment decisions regarding energy efficiency measures at manufacturing plants. An expert system is also designed to choose equipments that match each other. Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9394 Author: Sedek, K. A., Sulaiman, S. and Omar, M. A. Year of Conference: 2011 Title: A systematic literature review of interoperable architecture for e-government portals Conference Name: 2011 Malaysian Conference in Software Engineering Pages: 82-87 Date: 13-14 Dec. 2011 Short Title: A systematic literature review of interoperable architecture for e-government portals DOI: 10.1109/MySEC.2011.6140648 Keywords: Web sites government data processing portals architecture-based approaches e-government portals government agencies government services interoperability interoperable architecture model-based approaches Computer architecture Electronic government Reliability Security Service oriented architecture E-government Portal Software Architecture Systematic literature review Abstract: One of the roles of e-government portals is to provide a one-stop service to users. In order to fulfill this role, it requires collaboration with other government agencies and businesses to provide an effective one-stop center for users to access and perform various services. Current e-government portals are mostly lack of interoperability whereby users still need to access government services from various portals or websites. Interoperability is a technical requirement to achieve government services collaboration and integration. There are many challenges and approaches to achieve better interoperability in e-government portals. Architecture-based and model-based approaches are essential research areas that can improve interoperability starting from the planning stages. Architecture provides overall overview of e-government components and relationship between components. This paper systematically reviews current architecture-based approaches to find a suitable approach and its requirements to produce a better architecture for e-government portal based on the lessons learned from the previous works. Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8509 Author: Breivold, Hongyu Pei, Crnkovic, Ivica and Larsson, Magnus Year: 2012 Title: A systematic review of software architecture evolution research Journal: Information and Software Technology Volume: 54 Issue: 1 Pages: 16-40 Date: 1// Short Title: A systematic review of software architecture evolution research ISSN: 0950-5849 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.infsof.2011.06.002 Keywords: Software evolvability Systematic review Software architecture Architecture evolution Architecture analysis Evolvability analysis Abstract: Context Software evolvability describes a software system’s ability to easily accommodate future changes. It is a fundamental characteristic for making strategic decisions, and increasing economic value of software. For long-lived systems, there is a need to address evolvability explicitly during the entire software lifecycle in order to prolong the productive lifetime of software systems. For this reason, many research studies have been proposed in this area both by researchers and industry practitioners. These studies comprise a spectrum of particular techniques and practices, covering various activities in software lifecycle. However, no systematic review has been conducted previously to provide an extensive overview of software architecture evolvability research. Objective In this work, we present such a systematic review of architecting for software evolvability. The objective of this review is to obtain an overview of the existing approaches in analyzing and improving software evolvability at architectural level, and investigate impacts on research and practice. Method The identification of the primary studies in this review was based on a pre-defined search strategy and a multi-step selection process. Results Based on research topics in these studies, we have identified five main categories of themes: (i) techniques supporting quality consideration during software architecture design, (ii) architectural quality evaluation, (iii) economic valuation, (iv) architectural knowledge management, and (v) modeling techniques. A comprehensive overview of these categories and related studies is presented. Conclusion The findings of this review also reveal suggestions for further research and practice, such as (i) it is necessary to establish a theoretical foundation for software evolution research due to the fact that the expertise in this area is still built on the basis of case studies instead of generalized knowledge; (ii) it is necessary to combine appropriate techniques to address the multifaceted perspectives of software evolvability due to the fact that each technique has its specific focus and context for which it is appropriate in the entire software lifecycle. Notes: literature review URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0950584911001376 Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 8926 Author: Dabhade, M., Suryawanshi, S. and Manjula, R. Year of Conference: 2016 Title: A systematic review of software reuse using domain engineering paradigms Conference Name: 2016 Online International Conference on Green Engineering and Technologies (IC-GET) Pages: 1-6 Date: 19-19 Nov. 2016 Short Title: A systematic review of software reuse using domain engineering paradigms DOI: 10.1109/GET.2016.7916646 Keywords: object-oriented methods software architecture software quality software reusability software reviews SDLC architecture definition languages domain engineering paradigms object oriented design software components software development life cycle software reuse research systematic review Analytical models Computer architecture Libraries Productivity Systematics AOSD CBSD COTS Domain Engineering Software Reuse Abstract: Software reuse is the use of already existing concepts, objects or software components to build new software. The goal of software reuse research is to explore systematic procedures for developing new systems from existing ones. The systematic software reuse is the most effective way to improve software development. Domain engineering plays crucial role in Software Reuse research, which makes the use of approaches based on object oriented design, software architecture and architecture definition languages. These approaches can be significantly used at initial stages of Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC). It helps us to reduce the rework by enhancing the productivity and quality of reuse. Thus the goal is to identify barriers of software reusability that must be overcome for successful reuse. This paper presents a detailed literature survey on software reuse processes, current research and challenges which encounters while software reusing. Research Notes: literature review Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 9174 Author: Galster, M., Eberlein, A. and Moussavi, M. Year: 2010 Title: Systematic selection of software architecture styles Journal: IET Software Volume: 4 Issue: 5 Pages: 349-360 Short Title: Systematic selection of software architecture styles ISSN: 1751-8806 DOI: 10.1049/iet-sen.2009.0004 Keywords: software architecture SYSAS method software architecture styles systematic architecture style selection Abstract: Selecting appropriate styles for software architectures is important as styles impact characteristics of software (e.g. reliability). Moreover, styles influence how software is built as they determine architectural elements (e.g. components, connectors) and rules on how these elements are integrated in the architecture. Therefore this study presents a method, called SYSAS, for the systematic selection of architecture styles. In SYSAS, style selection is based on (a) characteristics of basic architectural elements that are relevant for the developer, and (b) characteristics of the target system that are visible to the end user. The selection procedure requires ratings about the importance of characteristics of architectural elements and results in a ranking of styles. SYSAS can be applied at system level as well as for choosing styles for individual subsystems. A case study is presented to illustrate SYSAS and its applicability and added benefit. Additional case studies are performed to compare results of SYSAS with judgements of experts. Research Notes: Tool for decisions Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9600 Author: Lightfoot, R. S. Year of Conference: 1996 Title: Systems engineering: the application of processes and tool in the development of complex information technology solutions Conference Name: IEMC 96 Proceedings. International Conference on Engineering and Technology Management. Managing Virtual Enterprises: A Convergence of Communications, Computing, and Energy Technologies Pages: 301-307 Date: 18-20 Aug 1996 Short Title: Systems engineering: the application of processes and tool in the development of complex information technology solutions DOI: 10.1109/IEMC.1996.547832 Keywords: configuration management database management systems software engineering systems engineering complex information technology solutions database management facility design information-oriented problem integrated information/telecommunication solutions large disparate organization network architecture operations processes procurement software coding software design software development standards subject matter experts tool Computer architecture Databases Design engineering Engineering management Software development management Systems engineering and theory Technology management Abstract: The paper examines the procedures, tool, and standards which comprise the field of systems engineering. The design, development, and implementation of integrated information and telecommunication solutions is a complex and extensive process requiring the involvement of numerous subject matter experts throughout all phases of the process. These experts represent a variety of disciplines, including software engineering, configuration management, network architecture, facility design, operations, procurement, software design, development, and coding, and database management. The discipline of systems engineering provides a systematic approach for applying procedures, tools, and standards to an information-oriented problem for the purpose of defining, designing, managing, and implementing an effective integrated information technology solution. The paper identifies the major phases of the system engineering process and it highlights the tools which enable large disparate organizations to work effectively in the design, development and implementation of complex integrated information and telecommunication solutions Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 8808 Year of Conference: 2016 Title: Table of contents Conference Name: 2016 1st International Workshop on Decision Making in Software ARCHitecture (MARCH) Pages: v-v Date: 5-5 April 2016 Short Title: Table of contents DOI: 10.1109/MARCH.2016.5 Keywords: decision making decision support systems ethical aspects software architecture architectural decision making architectural decision support software assets origin selection Abstract: The following topics are dealt with: software architecture; ethical aspects; architectural decision making; software assets origin selection; and architectural decision support. Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 8996 Author: Kim, S., Kim, D. K., Lu, L. and Park, S. Y. Year of Conference: 2008 Title: A Tactic-Based Approach to Embodying Non-functional Requirements into Software Architectures Conference Name: 2008 12th International IEEE Enterprise Distributed Object Computing Conference Pages: 139-148 Date: 15-19 Sept. 2008 Short Title: A Tactic-Based Approach to Embodying Non-functional Requirements into Software Architectures ISBN: 1541-7719 DOI: 10.1109/EDOC.2008.18 Keywords: Unified Modeling Language metacomputing software architecture stock markets RBML UML-based pattern specification architectural tactics nonfunctional requirements quality attributes role-based metamodeling language software architectures stock trading system tactic-based approach Application software Availability Buildings Computer architecture Distributed computing Electronic mail Metamodeling Security USA Councils Feature Modeling Non-functional Requirements Abstract: This paper presents an approach for embodying nonfunctional requirements (NFRs) into software architecture using architectural tactics. Architectural tactics are reusable architectural building blocks, providing general architectural solutions for commonly occurring issues related to quality attributes. In this approach, architectural tactics are represented as feature models, and their semantics is defined using the role-based metamodeling language (RBML) which is a UML-based pattern specification notation. Given a set of NFRs, architectural tactics are elected and composed. The composed tactic is then used to instantiate an initial architecture for the application where the NFRs are embodied. A stock trading system is used to demonstrate the approach. Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 8185 Author: Malek, Sam, Seo, Chiyoung and Medvidovic, Nenad Year: 2006 Title: Tailoring an architectural middleware platform to a heterogeneous embedded environment Conference Name: Proceedings of the 6th international workshop on Software engineering and middleware Conference Location: Portland, Oregon Publisher: ACM Pages: 63-70 DOI: 10.1145/1210525.1210539 Place Published: 1210539 Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 8063 Author: Olszewska, Marta, Dajsuren, Yanja, Altinger, Harald, Serebrenik, Alexander, Wald, Marina, #233 and Brand, Mark G. J. van den Year: 2016 Title: Tailoring complexity metrics for simulink models Conference Name: Proccedings of the 10th European Conference on Software Architecture Workshops Conference Location: Copenhagen, Denmark Publisher: ACM Pages: 1-7 DOI: 10.1145/2993412.3004853 Place Published: 3004853 Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 7895 Author: Salazar, Felix Javier Acero and Brambilla, Marco Year: 2015 Title: Tailoring software architecture concepts and process for mobile application development Conference Name: Proceedings of the 3rd International Workshop on Software Development Lifecycle for Mobile Conference Location: Bergamo, Italy Publisher: ACM Pages: 21-24 DOI: 10.1145/2804345.2804350 Place Published: 2804350 Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 8159 Author: Ringert, Jan O., Rumpe, Bernhard and Wortmann, Andreas Year: 2015 Title: Tailoring the MontiArcAutomaton Component & Connector ADL for Generative Development Conference Name: Proceedings of the 2015 Joint MORSE/VAO Workshop on Model-Driven Robot Software Engineering and View-based Software-Engineering Conference Location: L'Aquila, Italy Publisher: ACM Pages: 41-47 DOI: 10.1145/2802059.2802064 Place Published: 2802064 Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 8903 Author: Jones, A., Kendira, A., Lenne, D., Gidel, T. and Moulin, C. Year of Conference: 2011 Title: The TATIN-PIC project: A multi-modal collaborative work environment for preliminary design Conference Name: Proceedings of the 2011 15th International Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work in Design (CSCWD) Pages: 154-161 Date: 8-10 June 2011 Short Title: The TATIN-PIC project: A multi-modal collaborative work environment for preliminary design DOI: 10.1109/CSCWD.2011.5960069 Keywords: groupware interactive systems ontologies (artificial intelligence) software architecture TATIN-PIC project interactive whiteboard multi-agent software architecture multi-modal collaborative work environment ontological reasoning preliminary design teamwork Collaboration Collaborative work Hardware Keyboards Portable computers Prototypes Software Presliminary design creativity interactive tabletop interactive whiteboard multi-agent systems multitouch surfaces Abstract: The recently launched TATIN-PIC Project at the University of Technology of Compiègne is a multi-modal collaborative work environment for teams performing preliminary design. In this paper, we present the design and reasoning for the plans of our groupware system. Effective preliminary design teamwork requires alternating stages of discussion, exploration, and diverging ideas, coupled with stages of focus, decision-making, and convergence. We believe providing a design team with an interactive tabletop can fulfill the first role and an interactive whiteboard can satisfy the second. Users will be able to switch seamlessly between the two, shifting content from one to the other when necessary. In this paper, we begin with a discussion of the advantages and characteristics of preliminary design. We continue with a review of the state-of-the-art in interactive, board-sized surfaces. We discuss experiments and results from TATIN, the precursory project to TATIN-PIC. Finally, we introduce our plans for an innovative work environment. Its multi-agent software architecture will be capable of supporting voice commands, tablets, smartphones, and personalized assistants capable of ontological reasoning about the project work. Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 9320 Author: Weiss, D. M. Year: 1987 Title: Teaching a Software Design Methodology Journal: IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering Volume: SE-13 Issue: 11 Pages: 1156-1163 Short Title: Teaching a Software Design Methodology ISSN: 0098-5589 DOI: 10.1109/TSE.1987.232864 Keywords: Software design software engineering education teaching software design Application software Design methodology Education Job design Laboratories Monitoring Productivity Programming Software engineering Abstract: This paper describes an approach to teaching a software design methodology used at The Wang Institute of Graduate Studies. The approach is general enough to be used with any of the currently popular design methodologies. Students are first taught the principles underlying the methodology, and the standards used with it. This phase is done in a series of lectures. In the second phase, students are presented with a real design problem, and asked to solve it using the methodology. They are monitored in this process by an expert in the methodology whose job is to assure that the students adhere to the methodology, but who makes no design decisions. Research Notes: students Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9498 Author: Jarzabek, S. and Eng, P. K. Year of Conference: 2005 Title: Teaching an Advanced Design, Team-Oriented Software Project Course Conference Name: 18th Conference on Software Engineering Education & Training (CSEET'05) Pages: 223-230 Date: 18-20 April 2005 Short Title: Teaching an Advanced Design, Team-Oriented Software Project Course ISBN: 1093-0175 DOI: 10.1109/CSEET.2005.34 Keywords: computer science education educational courses software architecture software management software quality software reliability software reusability student experiments system documentation team working architectural concepts course infrastructure iterative development process quality requirements software design software development lifecycle software documentation software engineering courses student assignments students learning teaching method team work team-oriented software project course undergraduate curricula Best practices Communication industry Computer industry Computer science Documentation Education Process design Programming Software engineering Abstract: Students learn about design principles and "best practices" in many courses. However, small scale assignments do not give enough opportunity for students to appreciate the value of software design principles or even to learn how to apply principles in practice. To fill the gap between theoretical and experiential knowledge, we introduced a team-based project course focused on design and implementation phases of the software development lifecycle. We teach design principles and team work in problem-based way, through architectural concepts and iterative development process. The product students build must meet stated quality requirements in terms of reliability, reusability and documentation. We trust this kind of the course is essential in curricula as it allows students better absorb knowledge learned in other software engineering courses. Such course also plays a role in better preparing students for industrial work. We describe a teaching method, course infrastructure and lessons learned over three years of teaching of our course. Based on experiences, we postulate and motivate the need for teaching at least two project courses in undergraduate curricula, one dealing with design and process issues, and the other focused on unstable requirements Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 8897 Author: Amoussou, G. A. and Steinberg, S. J. Year of Conference: 2011 Title: Teaching and assessing an interdisciplinary science of design pilot course Conference Name: 2011 Frontiers in Education Conference (FIE) Pages: S3G-1-S3G-7 Date: 12-15 Oct. 2011 Short Title: Teaching and assessing an interdisciplinary science of design pilot course ISBN: 0190-5848 DOI: 10.1109/FIE.2011.6143043 Keywords: computer science education educational courses educational institutions software engineering teaching CNS-0614003 HSU Humboldt State University National Science Foundation Science of Design SoD computing educational community computing science disciplines design pilot course information technology interdisciplinary curriculum interdisciplinary science assessment interdisciplinary science teaching software systems Art Computers Conferences Education Ethics Problem-solving Teamwork Computing Creativity Creativity support tools Evaluation Interdisciplinary Science of Design Software Design Abstract: The role of design and creativity is well established in many disciplines in science, engineering and art. However, in computing science disciplines, specifically in the development of software systems and information technology, the computing educational community is struggling to include creativity and design in their teaching and research. Existing curriculum in computing science lacks the foundation necessary to systematically include these concepts in the learning experience. At Humboldt State University (HSU), as part of the National Science Foundation Science of Design (SoD) initiative, the authors have initiated a NSF funded educational and research project CNS-0614003, to build an interdisciplinary community with interest, experience and knowledge in teaching and learning creativity and design. During the fall of 2006, fifteen faculty from thirteen disciplines explored a variety of activities to facilitate the teaching and learning of creativity and design from an interdisciplinary perspective. In this paper we share the interdisciplinary curriculum developed and the results of the independent evaluation of students self assessment of teaching the course for two consecutive years. Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 8006 Author: Warren, Ian Year: 2005 Title: Teaching patterns and software design Conference Name: Proceedings of the 7th Australasian conference on Computing education - Volume 42 Conference Location: Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia Publisher: Australian Computer Society, Inc. Pages: 39-49 Place Published: 1082430 Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 8170 Author: Foster, David A. Year: 1996 Title: Teaching real-world analysis skills with a goal-based scenario Conference Name: Proceedings of the 1996 international conference on Learning sciences Conference Location: Evanston, Illinois Publisher: International Society of the Learning Sciences Pages: 68-74 Place Published: 1161145 Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 8350 Author: Szmur, Robert, #322, Micha, #322, #346, mia, #322 and ek Year: 2006 Title: Teaching software modeling in a simulated project environment Conference Name: Proceedings of the 2006 international conference on Models in software engineering Conference Location: Genoa, Italy Publisher: Springer-Verlag Pages: 301-310 Place Published: 1762878 Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8388 Author: Park, Roy C., Jung, Hoill, Shin, Dong-Kun, Cho, Yang-Hyun and Lee, Kang-Dae Year: 2014 Title: Telemedicine health service using LTE-Advanced relay antenna Journal: Personal Ubiquitous Comput. Volume: 18 Issue: 6 Pages: 1325-1335 Short Title: Telemedicine health service using LTE-Advanced relay antenna ISSN: 1617-4909 DOI: 10.1007/s00779-013-0744-1 Legal Note: 2656582 Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8736 Author: Zhong, Hao, Wachs, Juan P. and Nof, Shimon Y. Year: 2014 Title: Telerobot-enabled HUB-CI model for collaborative lifecycle management of design and prototyping Journal: Computers in Industry Volume: 65 Issue: 4 Pages: 550-562 Date: 5// Short Title: Telerobot-enabled HUB-CI model for collaborative lifecycle management of design and prototyping ISSN: 0166-3615 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compind.2013.12.011 Keywords: Collaborative design Collaborative telerobotics Conflict and error prevention Intelligent insight visualization Abstract: The HUB-CI model is investigated in a telerobotic system in a client/server network to manage the lifecycle of engineering design and prototyping. The purpose of this platform is to support collaborative engineering design and proof of concept to enhance distributed team collaboration and resource utilization. The suggested platform is exemplified in two collaboration support tools and a physical prototyping platform. Structured Co-Insight Management is developed to support innovative idea exchanges and the consensus decision-making during the design process. Conflict/error detection management helps preventing conflicts and errors during the lifecycle of design and development. Physical collaboration over the network occurs when a team controls the telerobot operation during prototyping and testing in design cycles. A pilot system is implemented with a group project for the design of an electronic circuit (including both hardware and software designs). The functional assessment method is used to compare this platform to other collaborative design tools. The system presented offers unique qualitative advantages as an integrated collaboration support system. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0166361513002534 Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 8834 Author: Ma, J., Lin, Z., Gao, J., Ma, J., Lin, H. and Liu, S. Year of Conference: 2010 Title: Temperature and Humidity Measuring of a New Development Box Based on Expert PID Conference Name: 2010 International Conference on Intelligent Computing and Cognitive Informatics Pages: 432-435 Date: 22-23 June 2010 Short Title: Temperature and Humidity Measuring of a New Development Box Based on Expert PID DOI: 10.1109/ICICCI.2010.98 Keywords: control engineering computing hardware-software codesign humidity control microcontrollers temperature control three-term control touch sensitive screens STC12C5616AD MCU development box double loop structure expert PID control algorithm hardware design method humidity testing cabinet software design method temperature measurement touch screen Hardware Humidity Humidity measurement Temperature sensors STC12C5616AD expert PID sectional measurement temperature and humidity testing cabinet Abstract: This paper focuses on the hardware and software design method of a new type of high efficient temperature and humidity testing cabinet. As the hardware core is based on the STC12C5616AD MCU, the entire hardware system is simpler and more reliable. By using sectional measurement of temperature and humidity, adopting expert PID control algorithm and using hardware and software compensation measures, the system dynamic and static quality and control precision is further improved. The system cabinet with a unique inner and outer double-loop structure improves the system efficiency and energy saving effect. Furthermore, the use of touch screen as input and output device, which is simpler to operate and more eye-catching, meets the different needs of consumers. Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9395 Author: Gu, Q., Lago, P. and Vliet, H. van Year of Conference: 2010 Title: A Template for SOA Design Decision Making in an Educational Setting Conference Name: 2010 36th EUROMICRO Conference on Software Engineering and Advanced Applications Pages: 175-182 Date: 1-3 Sept. 2010 Short Title: A Template for SOA Design Decision Making in an Educational Setting ISBN: 1089-6503 DOI: 10.1109/SEAA.2010.9 Keywords: computer science education decision making educational courses formal specification software architecture software quality SOA architectural design decisions master course service-oriented design software design template driven approach Cognition Computer architecture Context Service oriented architecture Software systems Design decision Nonfunctional requirements Abstract: An effective software design should ensure that all the quality requirements of a system of interest are supported. As the architecture of a software system can be seen as a set of architectural design decisions (ADDs), the identification of design issues and the choice of design alternatives heavily impact the quality of software systems. This is especially challenging in service orientation for which students need to change their mindset from system design to service-oriented design. In this paper, we present a template driven approach for documenting quality-driven ADDs in an educational setting. We next report on our experience with the usage of the template in a service-oriented software design Master course given over the past three years. We found that the template not only offers a framework guiding the students in their design but also encourages them to make sound ADDs, which leads to a service-oriented design with higher quality. Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9474 Author: Scholtz, J. Year of Conference: 2003 Title: Theory and evaluation of human robot interactions Conference Name: 36th Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, 2003. Proceedings of the Pages: 10 pp. Date: 6-9 Jan. 2003 Short Title: Theory and evaluation of human robot interactions DOI: 10.1109/HICSS.2003.1174284 Keywords: human computer interaction man-machine systems mobile robots path planning user interfaces autonomous manner domain experts human-robot interactions robot path robotic platform robotics experts semiautonomous capability situational awareness software architecture system design teleoperation capability user interactions user interface designs video feed Computer architecture Feeds Human robot interaction Man machine systems NIST Robot sensing systems Abstract: Human-robot interaction (HRI) for mobile robots is still in its infancy. Most user interactions with robots have been limited to tele-operation capabilities where the most common interface provided to the user has been the video feed from the robotic platform and some way of directing the path of the robot. For mobile robots with semiautonomous capabilities, the user is also provided with a means of setting way points. More importantly, most HRI capabilities have been developed by robotics experts for use by robotics experts. As robots increase in capabilities and are able to perform more tasks in an autonomous manner we need to think about the interactions that humans will have with robots and what software architecture and user interface designs can accommodate the human in-the-loop. We also need to design systems that can be used by domain experts but not robotics experts. This paper outlines a theory of human-robot interaction and proposes the interactions and information needed by both humans and robots for the different levels of interaction, including an evaluation methodology based on situational awareness. Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8544 Author: Masterman, Liz and Sharples, Mike Year: 2002 Title: A theory-informed framework for designing software to support reasoning about causation in history Journal: Computers & Education Volume: 38 Issue: 1–3 Pages: 165-185 Date: 1// Short Title: A theory-informed framework for designing software to support reasoning about causation in history ISSN: 0360-1315 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0360-1315(01)00072-0 Keywords: Applications in subject areas Interactive learning environments Pedagogical issues Secondary education Teaching/learning strategies Abstract: We describe a framework for the design of a software tool to support reasoning about the causes of historical events by pupils aged 11–14 as they construct and manipulate diagrammatic representations of those events. Our approach demonstrates that applying relevant theories of teaching and learning can bring order to data collected from the field, and thereby provide a cohesive foundation for detailed software design. Determining the optimal way in which the computer might foster pupils' causal reasoning required a theory-informed understanding of the pedagogical process at three levels: (1) the physical and conceptual space within which teaching and learning take place (a Zone of Proximal Development), (2) the activities taking place within that space (“modelling–supporting–fading”), and (3) the verbal and non-verbal exchanges (“conversations”) that form the essence of these activities. Mapping these levels to each other produced a set of fundamental design issues which were then validated against field data in order to determine the computer's role as active partner and/or mediating artefact in these pedagogical conversations. An initial software prototype, in which the computer assumes the latter role only, has been developed and successfully evaluated with pupils studying the causes of the English Civil War. Design of a second prototype, in which the computer is more actively engaged in the conversation, is currently in progress. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0360131501000720 Access Date: 2002/4// Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9570 Author: Damith, C. H., Zhang, Z. and Yadav, N. Year of Conference: 2010 Title: Thinking Head Framework: An open architecture for human centred robotics Conference Name: 2010 Fifth International Conference on Information and Automation for Sustainability Pages: 527-532 Date: 17-19 Dec. 2010 Short Title: Thinking Head Framework: An open architecture for human centred robotics ISBN: 2151-1802 DOI: 10.1109/ICIAFS.2010.5715718 Keywords: client-server systems human-robot interaction intelligent robots multi-threading software agents software architecture C++ Java Matlab TCP socket connection human centred robot human machine interaction intelligent agent multimodal dialogue type communication multithreaded server client architecture programming language thinking head framework Computer architecture Delay Humans Magnetic heads Robot sensing systems Speech recognition HRI client-server architecture dialogue system distributed sensing Abstract: Thinking Head Framework is the software architecture developed as part of a multidisciplinary research project 'Thinking Head' aimed at building and evaluating intelligent agents for human machine interaction. Firstly, the framework was designed to make the software accessible to non expert users as in the case of this project where large number of users come from a non-software engineering background. Secondly, the framework caters for both multimodal dialogue type communication between components and humans as well as high speed communication between sensors and robotic components. The framework implements a multi-threaded server and client architecture with TCP socket connections and allows components to be written in a host of popular programming languages including C++, Java and Matlab. Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9352 Author: Montgomery, R. E. and Nottingham, L. A. Year of Conference: 1995 Title: Those 1-credit special project courses: motivating your best freshmen Conference Name: Proceedings Frontiers in Education 1995 25th Annual Conference. Engineering Education for the 21st Century Volume: 1 Pages: 2c4.15-2c4.20 vol.1 Date: 1-4 Nov 1995 Short Title: Those 1-credit special project courses: motivating your best freshmen ISBN: 0190-5848 DOI: 10.1109/FIE.1995.483077 Keywords: computer science education educational courses ENGR 195 Freshman Engineering Honors Program Honors Computer Programming class basketball statistics software motivational tool one-credit special project courses program documentation software design and development project software development team undergraduate research opportunity user manuals Documentation Education Educational institutions Engineering students Programming Resumes Software design Springs Statistical distributions Vehicles Abstract: Every school has them, in some form or another. The variable-title, variable-credit course is ubiquitous; but, what do we use them for? Often they become a vehicle for teaching material not yet having a permanent course number. In some cases, professors use them for obtaining inexpensive low-level help for their research, thus providing an undergraduate research opportunity. They are sometimes used to provide a student with an opportunity To overcome a lack of preparation in some area vital to his/her area of study. At Purdue University, the Freshman Engineering Honors Program uses ENGR 195 as a motivational tool. When time and current interests permit the Honors Director offers students the opportunity to participate in special projects that offer experience outside the range of regular coursework available to the student. These projects often enhance the students' resumes as well. During the spring semester of 1994-95, eight students undertook a software design and development project based on an assignment from the Honors Computer Programming class they took the prior semester. These students operated as a software development team, with two groups of four students each taking on a different part of the project. They were supervised by a senior computer engineering student and the Honors Program Director. The project was development of basketball statistics software, and the students were enthused from the start. They were especially excited that they were to complete the development of the software to the point that it could be made available for distribution as a shareware or freeware product, including user manuals and program documentation. The development platform was a realistic (for this problem) 486-based notebook computer. What is needed to provide this type of experience to more students? First, there must exist a problem to be solved, preferably of interest to several students. Second, the means to solve the problem, in terms of hardware, software, and sufficient expertise to begin solving it must be near at hand. Third, there must be an audience, that is, a group of students from which to draw those looking for an additional challenge. Finally, there must be an interested faculty member to serve the students as teacher/mentor in doing the project. Motivation is virtually assured Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9267 Author: Morikawa, I. and Yamaoka, Y. Year of Conference: 2011 Title: Threat Tree Templates to Ease Difficulties in Threat Modeling Conference Name: 2011 14th International Conference on Network-Based Information Systems Pages: 673-678 Date: 7-9 Sept. 2011 Short Title: Threat Tree Templates to Ease Difficulties in Threat Modeling ISBN: 2157-0418 DOI: 10.1109/NBiS.2011.113 Keywords: security of data tree data structures tree searching keyword system nonexpert analysts security analysis process threat modeling threat tree templates Analytical models Data models Databases Humans Security Web servers security analysis software design Abstract: Threat trees are notable tools in the security analysis process called "threat modeling"'. The trees are used to identify how and under what condition threats can be realized, which will help proper estimation of risks and planning of countermeasures. However, it is difficult for an average analyst to construct adequate trees, because security expertise, particularly from an attacker's perspective, is required to find potential attack scenarios. In this paper, we propose threat tree templates to help non-expert analysts to construct threat trees. Each template is a redundant threat tree, loaded with branches representing many possible attack scenarios, as well as typical examples of corresponding vulnerabilities and countermeasures against such attacks. We also propose a keyword system for the templates, designed to filter out irrelevant scenarios. Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 8067 Author: Campbell, P. R. J. and Ahmed, Faheem Year: 2010 Title: A three-dimensional view of software ecosystems Conference Name: Proceedings of the Fourth European Conference on Software Architecture: Companion Volume Conference Location: Copenhagen, Denmark Publisher: ACM Pages: 81-84 DOI: 10.1145/1842752.1842774 Place Published: 1842774 Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8020 Author: Zhang, Huaxi, Zhang, Lei, Urtado, Christelle, Vauttier, Sylvain and Huchard, Marianne Year: 2012 Title: A three-level component model in component based software development Journal: SIGPLAN Not. Volume: 48 Issue: 3 Pages: 70-79 Short Title: A three-level component model in component based software development ISSN: 0362-1340 DOI: 10.1145/2480361.2371412 Legal Note: 2371412 Notes: (Yulin) Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 8021 Author: Zhang, Huaxi, Zhang, Lei, Urtado, Christelle, Vauttier, Sylvain and Huchard, Marianne Year: 2012 Title: A three-level component model in component based software development Conference Name: Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Generative Programming and Component Engineering Conference Location: Dresden, Germany Publisher: ACM Pages: 70-79 DOI: 10.1145/2371401.2371412 Place Published: 2371412 Notes: (Yulin) Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8496 Author: Alonso, Alejandro, García-Valls, Marisol and de la Puente, Juan A. Year: 1998 Title: Time Response Analysis of Complex Systems Journal: IFAC Proceedings Volumes Volume: 31 Issue: 32 Pages: 99-104 Date: 9// Short Title: Time Response Analysis of Complex Systems ISSN: 1474-6670 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S1474-6670(17)36342-5 Keywords: Distributed real-time systems time response analysis software architectures Abstract: The complexity of distributed real-time systems advises for system development where software architectures plays an important role. In same cases, they are constructed out of a set of components. In this scenario a framework for generating models for analysing the response time of the system would be very valuable The proposed approach is based on a number of steps: provide concrete information about the system, identify system events, construct the response sequences based on the by the available components and, finally, generate the global model. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1474667017363425 Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 9541 Author: Ergen, S. C., Sangiovanni-Vincentelli, A., Sun, X., Tebano, R., Alalusi, S., Audisio, G. and Sabatini, M. Year: 2009 Title: The Tire as an Intelligent Sensor Journal: IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems Volume: 28 Issue: 7 Pages: 941-955 Short Title: The Tire as an Intelligent Sensor ISSN: 0278-0070 DOI: 10.1109/TCAD.2009.2022879 Keywords: automotive engineering data acquisition intelligent sensors road safety safety systems tyres vehicle dynamics wireless sensor networks automotive safety data-acquisition system distributed architecture intelligent sensor load transfer safety system tire-road friction wireless sensor network energy efficiency energy scavenging heterogeneous systems intelligent systems platform-based design tires ultrawideband wireless sensors Abstract: Active safety systems are based upon the accurate and fast estimation of the value of important dynamical variables such as forces, load transfer, actual tire-road friction (kinetic friction) muk, and maximum tire-road friction available (potential friction) mup. Measuring these parameters directly from tires offers the potential for improving significantly the performance of active safety systems. We present a distributed architecture for a data-acquisition system that is based on a number of complex intelligent sensors inside the tire that form a wireless sensor network with coordination nodes placed on the body of the car. The design of this system has been extremely challenging due to the very limited available energy combined with strict application requirements for data rate, delay, size, weight, and reliability in a highly dynamical environment. Moreover, it required expertise in multiple engineering disciplines, including control-system design, signal processing, integrated-circuit design, communications, real-time software design, antenna design, energy scavenging, and system assembly. Research Notes: Specific solution Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9455 Year of Conference: 2016 Title: [Title page i] Conference Name: 2016 42th Euromicro Conference on Software Engineering and Advanced Applications (SEAA) Pages: i-i Date: Aug. 31 2016-Sept. 2 2016 Short Title: [Title page i] ISBN: 2376-9505 DOI: 10.1109/SEAA.2016.1 Keywords: Internet of Things business data processing decision making embedded systems formal specification formal verification industrial control knowledge management program testing risk management software architecture software management software process improvement software product lines software quality IoT autonomous systems business process management decision making support education ecosystems embedded software analysis embedded software requirements life-cycle management model-based development software ecosystems software engineering software measurement software test automation software testing systems engineering Abstract: The following topics are dealt with: life-cycle management; risk management; decision making support; software architecture; software process improvement; software management; software measurement; knowledge management; model-based development; software quality; software ecosystems; education ecosystems; autonomous systems; software testing; software test automation; industrial control IoT; embedded software requirements; embedded software analysis; software engineering; software product lines; business process management; and systems engineering. Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9549 Year of Conference: 2016 Title: [Title page i] Conference Name: 2016 Qualitative Reasoning about Software Architectures (QRASA) Pages: i-i Date: 5-8 April 2016 Short Title: [Title page i] DOI: 10.1109/QRASA.2016.1 Keywords: decision making inference mechanisms software architecture software quality architectural patterns qualitative reasoning quality attributes interaction rule type based reasoning self-adaptive software systems software architectures software design decision making Abstract: The following topics are dealt with: qualitative reasoning; software architectures; rule type based reasoning; self-adaptive software systems; software design decision making; and architectural patterns and quality attributes interaction. Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9585 Year of Conference: 2011 Title: [Title page] Conference Name: 2011 IEEE 2nd International Conference on Software Engineering and Service Science Pages: 1-5 Date: 15-17 July 2011 Short Title: [Title page] ISBN: 2327-0586 DOI: 10.1109/ICSESS.2011.5982490 Keywords: Wiener filters augmented reality automata theory data acquisition data mining distributed databases electronic commerce face recognition flash memories gesture recognition groupware image restoration image retrieval medical information systems neural nets object-oriented programming ontologies (artificial intelligence) open systems outsourcing pattern clustering program slicing public key cryptography safety-critical software sensor fusion service-oriented architecture supply chain management support vector machines text analysis traffic engineering computing transport protocols wireless sensor networks -commerce BS-SVM multi-classification model IT outsourcing MAC protocols MJ2-RSA cryptosystem SOA VPN technology adaptive Wiener filtering agile adoption experience assertion testing framework business-related design collision arbitration protocol community health records computer network virtual lab system design conformance checking cryptanalysis customer satisfaction data clustering support data mining approach data replication distributed database systems distributed file system e-manufacturing system energy-aware backbone construction algorithm face detection algorithm fair-exchange protocols foreign direct investment image retrieval algorithm immune intrusion detection system interoperability testing item-based collaborative filtering method life-cycle oriented design model medium-sized and small enterprises mobile e-business system model multi-bank flash memory storage systems multi-sensors data fusion neural networks object oriented analysis oil theft signal detection ontology-based mobile publishing framework post internship management system privacy preserving data mining program slicing algorithm recommender system release management safety-critical systems savant middleware security policies service oriented architecture sheep and goat expert system software design software engineer behavior analysis measurement process software structure evaluation spam detection text clustering algorithm timed automata traffic simulation system udp-based high-speed transport protocols video motion compensation errors wireless data acquisition system wireless sensor network Abstract: The following topics are dealt with: BS-SVM multi-classification model; conformance checking; release management; multi-sensors data fusion; security policies; software engineer behavior analysis measurement process; data clustering support; agile adoption experience; business-related design; interoperability testing; energy-aware backbone construction algorithm; distributed file system; sheep and goat expert system;npost internship management system; multi-bank flash memory storage systems; fair-exchange protocols; udp-based high-speed transport protocols; e-commerce; table tennis game; SOA; collision arbitration protocol; life-cycle oriented design model; computer network virtual lab system design; assertion testing framework; privacy preserving data mining; MJ2-RSA cryptosystem; community health records;traffic simulation system;price uncertainty inventory problem; oil theft signal detection; gesture recognition;text clustering algorithm; timed automata;software structure evaluation; wireless data acquisition system; Web service schema matching; software construction; distributed database systems; software development; object oriented analysis; data mining approach; face detection algorithm; neural networks; data replication; video motion compensation errors; software design; dynamic vehicle scheduling; service oriented architecture; customer satisfaction; e-manufacturing system; cryptanalysis; item-based collaborative filtering method; recommender system; savant middleware; ontology-based mobile publishing framework; high-speed data acquisition system; MAC protocols; safety-critical systems; program slicing algorithm; wireless sensor network; augmented reality; spam detection; image retrieval algorithm; tax income; foreign direct investment; IT outsourcing; enterprise mobile e-business system model; medium-sized and small enterprises; supply chain management; immune intrusion detection system; adaptive wiener filtering; VPN technology; GIS sharing platform and - mage restoration. Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9203 Author: Doo-Hyun, Kim and Kim, K. H. Year of Conference: 2003 Title: A TMO-based software architecture for distributed real-time multimedia processing Conference Name: Proceedings of the Eighth International Workshop on Object-Oriented Real-Time Dependable Systems, 2003. (WORDS 2003). Pages: 42-49 Date: 15-17 Jan. 2003 Short Title: A TMO-based software architecture for distributed real-time multimedia processing DOI: 10.1109/WORDS.2003.1218064 Keywords: application program interfaces distributed processing multimedia communication multimedia computing object-oriented programming real-time systems software architecture synchronisation teleconferencing API TMO application program interface audio-video system distributed real-time multimedia application multimedia processing multiparty audio-video teleconferencing service system real-time distributed computing object real-time processing synchronization time-triggered message-triggered object Application software Conductors Distributed computing Multimedia systems Object oriented modeling Programming profession Streaming media Abstract: We propose a comprehensive model of an API-set (application program interface) that allows developers to envision and realize a variety of distributed real-time multimedia applications as networks of easily understood and analyzable high-level real-time distributed computing objects, called time-triggered message-triggered objects (TMOs). This model reflects our view that any multimedia application can be represented by a set of properly networked TMOs. The software architecture and structuring model basically consists of four building blocks, which are the single stream TMO, the compound stream TMO, the conductor TMO, and the stream connection. The definitions and roles of these building blocks are discussed and illustrated by applying them in structuring a multi-party audio-video teleconferencing service system. Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9179 Author: Barber, K. S. and Graser, T. J. Year of Conference: 2000 Title: Tool support for systematic class identification in object-oriented software architectures Conference Name: Proceedings 37th International Conference on Technology of Object-Oriented Languages and Systems. TOOLS-Pacific 2000 Pages: 82-93 Date: 2000 Short Title: Tool support for systematic class identification in object-oriented software architectures ISBN: 1530-2067 DOI: 10.1109/TOOLS.2000.891360 Keywords: formal specification object-oriented programming software architecture software metrics software quality software standards software tools RARE Reference Architecture Representation Environment analyst expertise class identification class identification process class models heuristics inherent conflicts object oriented approaches object oriented classes object oriented models object oriented software architectures quality attributes rational decision making requirements specification software architecture representation static metrics subjectivity system stakeholder concerns systematic class identification tool support Computer architecture Decision making Failure analysis Intelligent systems Laboratories Object oriented modeling Performance analysis Programming Abstract: Software architectures have received considerable attention in both research and practice for representing system stakeholder concerns, and many researchers have leveraged object oriented models and methods for software architecture representation and evaluation. While the benefits associated with object oriented approaches are closely aligned with desirable qualities for software architectures (e.g., reusability, extensibility, comprehensibility, performance), these benefits are only realized through rational decision making by the analyst when identifying object oriented classes from a requirements specification. Traditionally, the class identification process has been somewhat subjective, with different analysts often arriving at completely different class models from the same requirements specification. Since this subjectivity does not lend itself to automation, little tool support is available for identifying object oriented classes and their relationships. The paper describes a tool under development, Reference Architecture Representation Environment (RARE), designed to systematically guide the analyst through class identification by applying heuristics associated with quality attributes and evaluating the resulting architecture based on relevant static metrics. RARE helps address a number of challenges typically faced during the class identification process, including: (1) developing an architecture that reflects the quality attributes prioritized by the analyst, (2) managing inherent conflicts between selected attributes, and (3) capturing analyst expertise and rationale for use by others Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 7933 Author: Stevanetic, Srdjan, Plakidas, Konstantinos, Ionescu, Tudor B., Li, Fei, Schall, Daniel and Zdun, Uwe Year: 2015 Title: Tool Support for the Architectural Design Decisions in Software Ecosystems Conference Name: Proceedings of the 2015 European Conference on Software Architecture Workshops Conference Location: Dubrovnik, Cavtat, Croatia Publisher: ACM Pages: 1-6 DOI: 10.1145/2797433.2797480 Place Published: 2797480 Abstract: Software architecture entails the making of architectural decisions based on a set of both functional and quality requirements, as well as trade-offs between them, which have to be considered to achieve design goals. Access to accumulated and documented architectural knowledge facilitates this process. In this paper, we present a set of tools that support creative decision making in the different stages an architecture specification goes through. These tools are structured around a central repository, where acquired knowledge is stored for reuse. The approach is motivated by the challenges arising from the particular needs of the software ecosystem environment, where the software design process is characterized by the participation of multiple and diverse stakeholders and the existence of multiple software applications built on a common platform. Our aim is to provide tool support for making quality-driven design decisions in a flexible and reusable manner, facilitating the system's evolvability, as well as enhancing its understandability to the stakeholders involved. Notes: tools for ADDs Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8688 Author: Rathnam, Sukumar and Mannino, Michael V. Year: 1995 Title: Tools for building the human-computer interface of a decision support system Journal: Decision Support Systems Volume: 13 Issue: 1 Pages: 35-59 Date: 1// Short Title: Tools for building the human-computer interface of a decision support system ISSN: 0167-9236 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0167-9236(93)E0030-H Keywords: User interface User interface management system Interaction modelling DSS implementation Abstract: There has been a recent trend towards using graphical, direct-manipulation interfaces in Decision Support Systems (DSS). The development of graphical, direct-manipulation interfaces for a DSS is often expensive in programming resources and elapsed time. To reduce the time and cost of interfaces development, User Interface Management Systems (UIMS) have been developed. The guiding principles of UIMSs are the re-use of interface code, the promotion of interfaces with a consistent ‘look and feel’, and the separation of the functional part of an application from its interface. UIMSs have not been as successful as expected, even if due consideration is given to the immaturity of the technology. We feel this is due to a poor understanding of the basic theoretical formalisms and software design principles for UIMSs as well as the variety of competing standards. This expository paper surveys UIMSs and their role in the construction of the human-computer interface of DSSs. It covers the formalisms underlying UIMSs and describes representative systems. It then describes the direction DSS interfaces are headed towards by presenting illustrative examples of recent systems. Finally, we raise a set of six issues that need to be addressed if UIMSs are to become a standard tool to build DSSs. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0167923693E0030H Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8141 Author: Thomas, David and Steidley, Carl Year: 2001 Title: Toward a comprehensive, knowledge-based software design course Journal: J. Comput. Sci. Coll. Volume: 16 Issue: 3 Pages: 110-114 Short Title: Toward a comprehensive, knowledge-based software design course ISSN: 1937-4771 Legal Note: 374720 Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 8142 Author: Thomas, David and Steidley, Carl Year: 2001 Title: Toward a comprehensive, knowledge-based software design course Conference Name: Proceedings of the seventh annual consortium for computing in small colleges central plains conference on The journal of computing in small colleges Conference Location: Branson, Missouri, USA Publisher: Consortium for Computing Sciences in Colleges Pages: 110-114 Place Published: 374720 Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 8143 Author: Thomas, David and Steidley, Carl Year: 2001 Title: Toward a comprehensive, knowledge-based software design course Conference Name: Proceedings of the twelfth annual CCSC South Central conference on The journal of computing in small colleges Conference Location: Amarillo College, Amarillo, Texas, USA Publisher: Consortium for Computing Sciences in Colleges Pages: 110-114 Place Published: 374720 Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 8279 Author: Olivier-Nathana, Ben David, #235 and Benoit, Baudry Year: 2012 Title: Toward a model-driven access-control enforcement mechanism for pervasive systems Conference Name: Proceedings of the Workshop on Model-Driven Security Conference Location: Innsbruck, Austria Publisher: ACM Pages: 1-6 DOI: 10.1145/2422498.2422504 Place Published: 2422504 Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9413 Author: Sherman, S. and Hadar, I. Year of Conference: 2015 Title: Toward Defining the Role of the Software Architect Conference Name: 2015 IEEE/ACM 8th International Workshop on Cooperative and Human Aspects of Software Engineering Pages: 71-76 Date: 18-18 May 2015 Short Title: Toward Defining the Role of the Software Architect DOI: 10.1109/CHASE.2015.17 Keywords: software architecture agile development methods human-centered activities software development Computer architecture Project management Software Software architect communication leadership mentoring soft skills Abstract: Software architecture is integral part of the software development; however, its integration in the development process has become more challenging with the transition from traditional to agile development methods, and with the architects becoming much more than technological experts responsible for high-level design. Some attention has been paid in recent years to the role of the architect, seeking a contemporary and comprehensive definition of this role. This paper reports on the results of an online survey, with the participation of 104 software architects, aimed at defining the soft aspects of the software architect's role. The results reveal that architects perform a variety of human-centered activities such as mentoring, leadership, reviewing and management,. Moreover, in the contexts of mentoring and leadership, software architects strive to do more than they currently do. 'File' Atttachments: internal-pdf://0200452626/Toward Defining the Role of the Software Archi.pdf Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 8129 Author: Sherman, Sofia and Hadar, Irit Year: 2015 Title: Toward defining the role of the software architect: an examination of the soft aspects of this role Conference Name: Proceedings of the Eighth International Workshop on Cooperative and Human Aspects of Software Engineering Conference Location: Florence, Italy Publisher: IEEE Press Pages: 71-76 Place Published: 2819333 Abstract: Software architecture is integral part of the software development; however, its integration in the development process has become more challenging with the transition from traditional to agile development methods, and with the architects becoming much more than technological experts responsible for high-level design. Some attention has been paid in recent years to the role of the architect, seeking a contemporary and comprehensive definition of this role. This paper reports on the results of an online survey, with the participation of 104 software architects, aimed at defining the soft aspects of the software architect's role. The results reveal that architects perform a variety of human-centered activities such as mentoring, leadership, reviewing and management, Moreover, in the contexts of mentoring and leadership, software architects strive to do more than they currently do. Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8666 Author: Ali, Fauzi M. and Du, Weichang Year: 2004 Title: Toward reuse of object-oriented software design models Journal: Information and Software Technology Volume: 46 Issue: 8 Pages: 499-517 Date: 6/15/ Short Title: Toward reuse of object-oriented software design models ISSN: 0950-5849 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0950-5849(03)00089-2 Keywords: Object-oriented design reuse OO design classification Reusable design models classification Abstract: In software reuse, which is an important approach to improving the practice of software engineering, many factors may hinder reusing software artifacts. Among those factors are the availability of software artifacts at a different level of abstraction and a method to classify and retrieve them. This paper proposes an approach based on faceted classification scheme for the classification and retrieval of software design artifacts, namely Object-Oriented Design Models, thus facilitating their reuse. Six facets, Domain, Abstractions, Responsibilities, Collaborations, Design View, and Asset Type have been defined to constitute the classification and the retrieval attributes. Each of the facets describes one aspect of an Object-Oriented design model. It contains a number of predefined terms chosen through the analysis of various software systems specifications. The selected terms of each facet are arranged on a conceptual graph to aid the retrieval process. A design artifact is classified by associating with it a software descriptor through the selection of one or more terms from each facet. The role of a descriptor is to emphasize the important structural and behavioral properties of a design artifact and also to document the artifacts associated with the design model. The associated similarity-based retrieval mechanism helps users to search for candidate design artifacts that best match their target specification. The similarity analysis is based on the estimation of the conceptual distance between the terms in a query descriptor and the terms in the specified descriptors of various design models in a software repository. A case study is presented to illustrate the classification and the retrieval process. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0950584903000892 Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 7872 Author: Bhat, Manoj, Shumaiev, Klym and Matthes, Florian Year: 2017 Title: Towards a framework for managing architectural design decisions Conference Name: Proceedings of the 11th European Conference on Software Architecture: Companion Proceedings Conference Location: Canterbury, United Kingdom Publisher: ACM Pages: 48-51 DOI: 10.1145/3129790.3129799 Place Published: 3129799 Abstract: Software architecture is considered as a set of architectural design decisions. The recent trends, both in research and industry, call for improved tool support for software architects and developers to manage architectural design decisions and its associated concepts. As part of our ongoing work, we propose a framework for managing architectural design decisions in large software-intensive projects. Each component within this framework addresses specific use cases including (a) extraction and classification of design decisions from issue management systems, (b) annotation of architectural elements, (c) recommendation of alternative decision options, (d) reasoning about decisions' rationale, and (e) recommendation of experts for addressing design decisions. These components are planned to be iteratively realized and evaluated using the design science research approach. We believe that the realization of such a framework will allow an architectural knowledge management system to integrate with the design, development, and maintenance phases to support stakeholders not only to document design decisions but also to learn from decisions made in the past projects. Notes: Tool Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9368 Author: Rabinia, Z., Moaven, S. and Habibi, J. Year of Conference: 2016 Title: Towards a knowledge-based approach for creating software architecture patterns ontology Conference Name: 2016 International Conference on Engineering & MIS (ICEMIS) Pages: 1-9 Date: 22-24 Sept. 2016 Short Title: Towards a knowledge-based approach for creating software architecture patterns ontology DOI: 10.1109/ICEMIS.2016.7745299 Keywords: document handling knowledge acquisition learning (artificial intelligence) ontologies (artificial intelligence) software architecture storage management document architectural design decisions knowledge extraction knowledge representation knowledge retrieval knowledge storage knowledge-based approach learning process ontology engineer ontology learning resource pattern complexity pattern variability software architecture pattern ontology software architecture problems software architecture stakeholders Complexity theory Computer architecture Databases Documentation OWL Ontologies Knowledge Management Ontology Semantic Web Technologies Software Architecture Patterns Abstract: Software architecture patterns present solutions for software architecture problems and help to document architectural design decisions. Complexity and variability of patterns, and the required expertise for selecting an appropriate pattern, would cause some difficulties in utilizing architectural patterns. Using an ontology for registering architectural patterns is an efficient step in solving those problems. However, the mentioned difficulties make the process of constructing the architectural patterns ontology even more complicated. This paper proposes an approach that considers the construction of the architectural patterns ontology from four perspectives in order to overcome this complexity. Each of these perspectives has certain functionality. The ontology engineer deals with large volumes of patterns that would complicate registration of them in the ontology. Thus, the using of a relational database as an ontology learning resource is considered in this approach and the learning process is explained in knowledge extraction perspective. Sometimes, all knowledge of patterns (the possible interactions of patterns and the architect decisions) is not explicitly stored. Knowledge storage and representation perspective is placed in this approach in order to describe knowledge of patterns and to infer further knowledge. How retrieving an appropriate pattern is discussed in knowledge retrieval perspective. Knowledge sharing is another perspective that discusses how making the patterns ontology available for software architecture stakeholders. Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 8126 Author: Yskout, Koen, Landuyt, Dimitri Van and Joosen, Wouter Year: 2017 Title: Towards a platform for empirical software design studies Conference Name: Proceedings of the 1st International Workshop on Establishing the Community-Wide Infrastructure for Architecture-Based Software Engineering Conference Location: Buenos Aires, Argentina Publisher: IEEE Press Pages: 3-7 DOI: 10.1109/ecase.2017..3 Place Published: 3101284 Abstract: The process of empirical research is founded on careful study design, sound instantiation and planning of the study, and the systematic collection and processing of data. These activities require extensive expertise and know-how, are repetitive, laborious and error-prone, and adequate tool support is currently lacking, particularly in support of empirical software engineering research. In this paper, we outline our vision of an integrated end-to-end tool platform that supports these activities and we elaborate on what it would take for such a platform to become a (re)usable platform for the research community. Notes: platform idea Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9009 Author: Yskout, K., Landuyt, D. Van and Joosen, W. Year of Conference: 2017 Title: Towards a Platform for Empirical Software Design Studies Conference Name: 2017 IEEE/ACM 1st International Workshop on Establishing the Community-Wide Infrastructure for Architecture-Based Software Engineering (ECASE) Pages: 3-7 Date: 22-22 May 2017 Short Title: Towards a Platform for Empirical Software Design Studies DOI: 10.1109/ECASE.2017.3 Keywords: software reusability software tools empirical software design empirical software engineering research integrated end-to-end tool platform reusable platform Atmospheric measurements Particle measurements Planning Software design Software engineering Tools empirical software engineering experimental research platform Abstract: The process of empirical research is founded on careful study design, sound instantiation and planning of the study, and the systematic collection and processing of data. These activities require extensive expertise and know-how, are repetitive, laborious and error-prone, and adequate tool support is currently lacking, particularly in support of empirical software engineering research. In this paper, we outline our vision of an integrated end-to-end tool platform that supports these activities and we elaborate on what it would take for such a platform to become a (re)usable platform for the research community. Notes: platform idea Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9565 Author: Macía, I. Year of Conference: 2014 Title: Towards a semantic interoperability environment Conference Name: 2014 IEEE 16th International Conference on e-Health Networking, Applications and Services (Healthcom) Pages: 543-548 Date: 15-18 Oct. 2014 Short Title: Towards a semantic interoperability environment DOI: 10.1109/HealthCom.2014.7001900 Keywords: electronic health records health care open systems software architecture EHRs HL7 IHE profile OpenEHR profile clinical documents health information systems health standards healthcare seamless semantic interoperability semantic interoperability environment Clinical diagnosis Information systems Interoperability Semantics Standards Syntactics IHE Interoperability health informatics standards OpenEHR Abstract: The variety of Electronic Health Records (EHRs) makes interoperability a global trend in healthcare, which is of a paramount interest to the Brazilian Ministry of Health. In particular, semantic interoperability receives a special attention since it ensures that different health information systems make the same interpretation of the exchanged information. Although several standards have been documented to support interoperability (e.g. HL7 and IHE), achieving the semantic one is still a challenge. In this context, this paper represents a step towards supporting seamless semantic interoperability by combining different health standards (OpenEHR, IHE and HL7). It describes a software architecture that illustrates the role of different health standards in a semantic interoperability environment. Moreover, it introduces a process aiming at supporting the sematic validation of clinical documents. Finally, it documents several findings, such as benefits of the combined use of OpenEHR and IHE profiles. Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9432 Author: Tsega, H., Lemmens, R., Kraak, M. J. and Lungo, J. Year of Conference: 2015 Title: Towards a smarter system for Human Sensor Web Conference Name: 2015 IEEE International Conference on Pervasive Computing and Communication Workshops (PerCom Workshops) Pages: 14-19 Date: 23-27 March 2015 Short Title: Towards a smarter system for Human Sensor Web DOI: 10.1109/PERCOMW.2015.7133986 Keywords: geographic information systems information retrieval mobile computing outsourcing software architecture water supply HSW ICT devices SEMA project SMS USSD context-aware retrieval context-enabled smart system credibility assessment crowd-sourcing data collection geo-information human sensor Web intelligent analysis linked data principles location-oriented phenomena mobile phones mobile reporting system people interaction people network public service facilities rural Tanzania semantic technologies sensory nodes user-generated data water point functionality Context Context modeling Data visualization Databases Ontologies Resource description framework Semantics Abstract: Human sensing is a notion of crowd-sourcing whereby ICT devices are utilized for data collection. Human Sensor Web (HSW) is a network of people who interact with their devices in order to forward their observations to a designated receiving server in the form of messages (such as SMS and USSD). It capitalizes on the accessibility of ICT tools (such as mobile phones) by non-experts to use them as sensory nodes in order to generate useful data regarding various location-oriented phenomena - such as the status of public service facilities. We presumed and tested that with the controlled use of its context, the smartness of the HSW can be boosted. The smart system uses context to make intelligent analysis such as credibility assessment of user-generated data and context-aware retrieval of geo-information, which would have been impossible otherwise. In this paper, we proposed and tested a software architecture to achieve this goal. We deployed the design solution on a mobile reporting system for functionality of water points in rural Tanzania under the SEMA project. The context-enabled smart system has been developed based on latest semantic technologies and linked data principles. Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 8376 Author: Sullivan, Allison, Zaeem, Razieh Nokhbeh, Khurshid, Sarfraz and Marinov, Darko Year: 2014 Title: Towards a test automation framework for alloy Conference Name: Proceedings of the 2014 International SPIN Symposium on Model Checking of Software Conference Location: San Jose, CA, USA Publisher: ACM Pages: 113-116 DOI: 10.1145/2632362.2632369 Place Published: 2632369 Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 8175 Author: Marmsoler, Diego Year: 2014 Title: Towards a theory of architectural styles Conference Name: Proceedings of the 22nd ACM SIGSOFT International Symposium on Foundations of Software Engineering Conference Location: Hong Kong, China Publisher: ACM Pages: 823-825 DOI: 10.1145/2635868.2661683 Place Published: 2661683 Reference Type: Book Section Record Number: 7500 Author: Nakakawa, Agnes, van Bommel, Patrick and Proper, Erik Year: 2010 Title: Towards a Theory on Collaborative Decision Making in Enterprise Architecture Editor: Winter, Robert, Zhao, J. Leon and Aier, Stephan Book Title: Global Perspectives on Design Science Research: 5th International Conference, DESRIST 2010, St. Gallen, Switzerland, June 4-5, 2010. Proceedings. Place Published: Berlin, Heidelberg Publisher: Springer Berlin Heidelberg Pages: 538-541 Short Title: Towards a Theory on Collaborative Decision Making in Enterprise Architecture ISBN: 978-3-642-13335-0 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-13335-0_40 Label: Nakakawa2010 Abstract: Several challenges in enterprise architecture development indicate the need for collaborative decision making to be deployed during architecture creation. However, how this should be achieved remains ad hoc. This paper, therefore, presents an evolving theory that is currently being used to guide the development of a method for supporting collaborative decision making during enterprise architecture creation. The first iteration to evaluate the relevance of the concepts in this theory was done using an exploratory survey, and the findings are briefly presented. URL: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-13335-0_40 Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9088 Author: Martino, B. d., Esposito, A., Nacchia, S. and Maisto, S. A. Year of Conference: 2016 Title: Towards a Uniform Semantic Representation of Business Processes, UML Artefacts and Software Assets Conference Name: 2016 10th International Conference on Complex, Intelligent, and Software Intensive Systems (CISIS) Pages: 543-548 Date: 6-8 July 2016 Short Title: Towards a Uniform Semantic Representation of Business Processes, UML Artefacts and Software Assets DOI: 10.1109/CISIS.2016.97 Keywords: Unified Modeling Language business data processing cloud computing formal specification formal verification open systems source code (software) systems analysis UML artefacts business process notations business processes cloud migration complex software system development interoperability requirements representation software assets development software development life cycle source code unified semantic representation Analytical models Business Semantics Software systems Standards OSLC Patterns Semantic Annotation Software Artifacts Software Assets UML Abstract: The development of a complex software system involves many actors, whose skills and knowledge are very heterogeneous. The requirements representation made using the Business Process notations is far more understandable than the classic UML representation, at least for Business experts, as it allows to investigate the system from other points of view which are not merely connected the development of the software itself. However, it is not possible to completely disregard UML representations, as they catch software design information which would be lost otherwise. In order to use both representations as basic tools through the whole software development life cycle, a key point is to ensure that they can be easily combined together to facilitate the development of the system software assets. In this paper we address this interoperability scope and provide a unified semantic representation, capable of covering every aspect of software development life cycle and of bonding the different Business and Software development points of view, from the requirements definition to the actual implementation of the source code, including the migration of applications to the Cloud. Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8466 Author: Sun, Lianshan and Huang, Gang Year: 2011 Title: Towards accuracy of role-based access control configurations in component-based systems Journal: Journal of Systems Architecture Volume: 57 Issue: 3 Pages: 314-326 Date: 3// Short Title: Towards accuracy of role-based access control configurations in component-based systems ISSN: 1383-7621 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sysarc.2010.11.001 Keywords: Software architecture Access control Accuracy Component-based system Abstract: Access control is a common concern in most software applications. In component-based systems, although developers can implement access control requirements (ACRs) by simply declaring role-based access control configurations (ACCs) of components, it is still difficult for them to define and evolve ACCs accurately implementing ACRs due to the gap between the complex high-level ACRs and the voluminous ACCs enforced by underlying middleware platforms, and the ad hoc mistakes of human. This paper introduces and clarifies the concept of accuracy of ACCs relative to ACRs, and presents a set of metrics and algorithms which can be used to automatically evaluate and improve accuracy of ACCs by evaluating and reconfiguring the software architecture with ACCs. We apply our achievements in a composed e-shop application. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1383762110001426 Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9308 Author: Liu, S., Spencer, B., Liang, Y., Xu, B., Zhang, L. and Brooks, M. Year of Conference: 2007 Title: Towards an Agile Infrastructure to Provision Devices, Applications, and Networks: A Service-oriented Approach Conference Name: 31st Annual International Computer Software and Applications Conference (COMPSAC 2007) Volume: 2 Pages: 473-478 Date: 24-27 July 2007 Short Title: Towards an Agile Infrastructure to Provision Devices, Applications, and Networks: A Service-oriented Approach ISBN: 0730-3157 DOI: 10.1109/COMPSAC.2007.217 Keywords: Web services resource allocation software architecture Eucalyptus prototype agile infrastructure service-oriented approach virtual participatory design studio Application software Bandwidth Buildings Collaboration Prototypes Resource management Software prototyping Testing Abstract: Most industries and organizations use collections of tools, devices, and applications that are growing in complexity. New tools or applications may be acquired and old tools may become obsolete over time. They are often running on a variety of platforms, have different bandwidth and QoS requirements, and in most cases they cannot be accessed through a single point of entry. Moreover, some tools may require specific configurations done by technical experts. To address these issues, we propose an extensible, reliable, and simple software architecture that can hide the complexity of provisioning the network and running the tools. This paper introduces a service-oriented approach for creating an agile infrastructure to provision devices, applications, and their underlying networks. The Eucalyptus prototype is developed as an empirical application to test this approach. Eucalyptus is built on a set of generic fine-grained Web services to manage and configure available resources, where new resources can be custom-built or imported from a third party. They can be integrated into Eucalyptus using a set of Web service-enabled APIs. Our user community consists of architects and industrial designers. Eucalyptus can manage and configure the resources needed by geographically distributed groups of architects who need to collaborate in real time on the design of buildings, in a virtual participatory design studio (PDS). Eucalyptus provides a single point of entry for the architects to access a wide variety of tools: videoconference applications, visualization services, rendering services employing parallel computers, etc. Eucalyptus provides a set of upper layer services for users to provision devices and applications running on high-speed broadband networks, as well as the commercial IP networks. Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 8004 Author: Bucchiarone, Antonio, Polini, Andrea, Pelliccione, Patrizio and Tivoli, Massimo Year: 2006 Title: Towards an architectural approach for the dynamic and automatic composition of software components Conference Name: Proceedings of the ISSTA 2006 workshop on Role of software architecture for testing and analysis Conference Location: Portland, Maine Publisher: ACM Pages: 12-21 DOI: 10.1145/1147249.1147251 Place Published: 1147251 Reference Type: Book Section Record Number: 8663 Author: García, A. and Crespo, A. Year: 1992 Title: TOWARDS AN ENVIRONMENT FOR COMPLEX REAL TIME CONTROL SYSTEMS DEVELOPING* A2 - BOULLART, L Editor: Puente, J. A. De La Book Title: Real-Time Programming 1992 Place Published: Oxford Publisher: Pergamon Pages: 101-106 Short Title: TOWARDS AN ENVIRONMENT FOR COMPLEX REAL TIME CONTROL SYSTEMS DEVELOPING* A2 - BOULLART, L ISBN: 978-0-08-041894-0 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-08-041894-0.50019-8 Abstract: Abstract Real time and expert systems provide a general framework to solve a great number of problems not completely solved by means of traditional approaches. One of the most interesting fields to apply these techniques is the control of complex systems. However, in the integration of both techniques still some important problems remain. In this paper, a new software architecture is proposed. A server task dealing with all the intelligent activities is defined. Critical tasks are external to this server and their deadlines are statically guaranteed using the rate monotonic theory. Intelligent activities are organized as internal tasks with multiple versions. An algorithm to produce a plan to select the most appropriated versions in order to obtain the best quality response is presented. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780080418940500198 Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8662 Author: García, A. and Crespo, A. Year: 1992 Title: Towards an Environment for Complex Real-Time Control Systems Developing Journal: IFAC Proceedings Volumes Volume: 25 Issue: 11 Pages: 101-106 Date: 6// Short Title: Towards an Environment for Complex Real-Time Control Systems Developing ISSN: 1474-6670 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S1474-6670(17)50131-7 Keywords: real time expert systems schedulability analysis Abstract: Real time and expert systems provide a general framework to solve a great number of problems not completely solved by means of traditional approaches. One of the most interesting fields to apply these techniques is the control of complex systems. However, in the integration of both techniques still some important problems remain. In this paper, a new software architecture is proposed. A server task dealing with all the intelligent activities is defined. Critical tasks are external to this server and their deadlines are statically guaranteed using the rate monotonie theory. Intelligent activities are organized as internal tasks with multiple versions. An algorithm to produce a plan to select the most appropriated versions in order to obtain the best quality response is presented. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1474667017501317 Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8547 Author: Robles, Karina, Fraga, Anabel, Morato, Jorge and Llorens, Juan Year: 2012 Title: Towards an ontology-based retrieval of UML Class Diagrams Journal: Information and Software Technology Volume: 54 Issue: 1 Pages: 72-86 Date: 1// Short Title: Towards an ontology-based retrieval of UML Class Diagrams ISSN: 0950-5849 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.infsof.2011.07.003 Keywords: Information retrieval Ontologies Software Reuse Software Engineering UML Class Diagrams Abstract: Context Software Reuse has always been an important area amongst software companies in order to increase their productivity and the quality of their products, but code reuse is not the only answer for this. Nowadays, reuse techniques proposals include software designs or even software specifications. Therefore, this research focuses on software design, specifically on UML Class Diagrams. A semantic technology has been applied to facilitate the retrieval process for an effective reuse. Objective This research proposes an ontology-based retrieval technique by semantic similarity in order to support effective retrieval process for UML Class Diagrams. Since UML Class Diagrams are a de facto standard in the design stages of a Software Development Process, a good technique is needed to reuse them, i.e. reusing during the design stage instead of just the coding stages. Method An application ontology modeled using UML specifications was designed to compare UML Class Diagram element types. To measure their similarity, a survey was conducted amongst UML experts. Query expansion was improved by a domain ontology supporting the retrieval phase. The calculus of minimal distances in ontologies was solved using a shortest path algorithm. Results The case study shows the domain ontology importance in the UML Class Diagram retrieval process as well as the importance of an element type expansion method, such as an application ontology. A correlation between the query complexity and retrieved elements has been identified, by analyzing results. Finally, a positive Return of Investment (ROI) was estimated using Poulin’s Model. Conclusion Because Software Reuse has not to be limited to the coding stage, approaches to reuse design stage must be developed, i.e. UML Class Diagrams reuse. This approach proposes a technique for UML Class Diagrams retrieval, which is one important step towards reuse. Semantic technology combined with information retrieval improves the retrieval results. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0950584911001613 Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9265 Author: Champagne, R. and Gagne, S. Year of Conference: 2011 Title: Towards Automation of Performance Architectural Tactics Application Conference Name: 2011 Ninth Working IEEE/IFIP Conference on Software Architecture Pages: 157-160 Date: 20-24 June 2011 Short Title: Towards Automation of Performance Architectural Tactics Application DOI: 10.1109/WICSA.2011.28 Keywords: expert systems software architecture expert system performance architectural tactics application software architectures Automation Computational efficiency Computer architecture Performance analysis Robots Software ArchE architectural tactics performance quality attribute scenarios Abstract: This paper describes the implementation of performance architectural tactics in ArchE, an expert system designed to help architects elaborate software architectures by automating certain tasks. Our goal was to explore what is involved in converting informally described tactics to a form that can be used by a tool to automate their relevant suggestion and application on software architectures. Adapting the tactics to the analysis tool and elaborating the rules that dictate their suggestion and application are the main challenges. Four performance tactics were successfully implemented in ArchE. Their use is illustrated through an example. Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9477 Author: Ackermann, C., Lindvall, M. and Cleaveland, R. Year of Conference: 2009 Title: Towards Behavioral Reflexion Models Conference Name: 2009 20th International Symposium on Software Reliability Engineering Pages: 175-184 Date: 16-19 Nov. 2009 Short Title: Towards Behavioral Reflexion Models ISBN: 1071-9458 DOI: 10.1109/ISSRE.2009.27 Keywords: Unified Modeling Language large-scale systems reliability software architecture SoS implementation UML sequence diagram notation architecture compliance checking behavioral conformance architecture level behavioral design implementation behavioral reflexion models complex systems compliance checking behaviors ignore behavioral conformance maintainability original design specification reflexion model technique security sequencing deviations potentially systems of systems Computer architecture Documentation Educational institutions Maintenance Reliability engineering Software engineering Software quality Software reliability behavior verification behavioral analysis program comprehension Abstract: Software architecture has become essential in the struggle to manage today's increasingly large and complex systems. Software architecture views are created to capture important system characteristics on an abstract and, thus, comprehensible level. As the system is implemented and later maintained, it often deviates from the original design specification. Such deviations can have implication for the quality of the system, such as reliability, security, and maintainability. Software architecture compliance checking approaches, such as the reflexion model technique, have been proposed to address this issue by comparing the implementation to a model of the systems' architecture design. However, architecture compliance checking approaches focus solely on structural characteristics and ignore behavioral conformance. This is especially an issue in Systems-of-Systems. Systems-of-Systems (SoS) are decompositions of large systems, into smaller systems for the sake of flexibility. Deviations of the implementation to its behavioral design often reduce the reliability of the entire SoS. An approach is needed that supports the reasoning about behavioral conformance on architecture level.In order to address this issue, we have developed an approach for comparing the implementation of a SoS to an architecture model of its behavioral design. The approach follows the idea of reflexion models and adopts it to support the compliance checking of behaviors. In this paper, we focus on sequencing properties as they play an important role in many SoS. Sequencing deviations potentially have a severe impact on the SoS' correctness and qualities. The desired behavioral specification is defined in UML sequence diagram notation and behaviors are extracted from the SoS implementation. The behaviors are then mapped to the model of the desired behavior and the two are compared. Finally, a reflexion model is constructed that shows the deviations between behavioral design and implementation. This- paper discusses the approach and shows how it can be applied to investigate reliability issues in SoS. Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 8830 Author: Pieskä, S., Kaarela, J. and Saukko, O. Year of Conference: 2012 Title: Towards easier human-robot interaction to help inexperienced operators in SMEs Conference Name: 2012 IEEE 3rd International Conference on Cognitive Infocommunications (CogInfoCom) Pages: 333-338 Date: 2-5 Dec. 2012 Short Title: Towards easier human-robot interaction to help inexperienced operators in SMEs DOI: 10.1109/CogInfoCom.2012.6422002 Abstract: The capability to use advanced tools, devices, and software is essential for enterprises to survive in global competition. Inter-cognitive communication is an important element in the development of engineering applications where natural and artificial cognitive systems should work together efficiently. Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) are becoming increasingly important in society, as our economies depend heavily on SMEs, which represent the majority of jobs created. Global competition has forced these SMEs to change and develop their production systems radically, to be more flexible. Industrial robots are seen as a key element in flexible manufacturing systems. However, currently, industrial robots are not commonly used in SMEs; one reason is the complex handling, especially the time-consuming programming. Industrial robot systems usually lack simple user interfaces, and the programming is usually carried out by the typical teach pendant teaching method. This method is a tedious and time-consuming task that requires a remarkable amount of expertise. In industry, this type of robot programming can be justified economically only for the production of large lot sizes, which are not typical for SMEs. Therefore, new approaches to human-robot interaction are required. Cognitive infocommunication can play a key role in these applications. Accordingly, our main goal in this paper is to present experiences in developing easier human-robot interaction to help even inexperienced operators use robots in SMEs. These examples show a variety of ways that inter-cognitive communication between human and artificial cognitive systems can be utilized in robotics. We also present our system and software architecture used in the development of generic industrial robot programming for easy-to-use applications, as well as some examples of our service robot development. Service robotics offers numerous possibilities to utilize cognitive infocommunication, but development of reli- ble and flexible solutions is challenging, due to dynamic environments, and because inexperienced users often understand very little about the robots and their internal states. Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 8984 Author: Eltarras, R., Eltoweissy, M. and Youssef, M. Year of Conference: 2008 Title: Towards evolving Sensor Actor NETworks Conference Name: IEEE INFOCOM Workshops 2008 Pages: 1-6 Date: 13-18 April 2008 Short Title: Towards evolving Sensor Actor NETworks DOI: 10.1109/INFOCOM.2008.4544586 Keywords: groupware middleware software architecture ubiquitous computing wireless sensor networks ESANET software systems SANET hardware resources elastic SANET industrial-grade SANET software large-scale autonomous systems mission critical applications mobile users nano-middleware architecture role-oriented software architecture sensor actor networks software adaptability ubiquitous service environments Application software Computer architecture Computer industry Costs Large-scale systems Mission critical systems Production Protocols Runtime Software tools Abstract: Sensor Actor NETworks (SANET) represent for component of ubiquitous service environments promising interesting solutions to a wide range of problems. Despite the obvious increase in the research activities proposing architectures and protocols for SANETs, we are still no where near the production of industrial-grade SANET software that can be relied upon for mission critical applications. The cost of programming,prohibitive due to the lack of industrial tools capable of realizing adaptive SANET software in a cost effective way. We envision next generation SANET environments as large-scale autonomous systems 1) deployed by multiple infrastructure providers, 2)running multiple applications and 3) providing ubiquitous services collaboratively to both stationary and mobile users. Software adaptability is essential due to both the fragile topology and the change of the SANET goal or mission in response to diverse events.The system should be able to change its structure and behavior at run-time while maintaining its integrity. We introduce Elastic SANET (ESANET) as an attempt to realize a scalable, flexible,cost-effective and dynamic computing infrastructure capable efficiently running multiple applications on top of SANET hard-ware resources. ESANE1 software systems are likely to evolve over time. Deployment of software in ESANET is a progressive first class runtime operation. We propose a role-oriented software architecture that abstracts ESANET environments as fields of collaboration between specialized nodes, clusters, and overlays. We expect such architecture to achieve massive scalability and resilience to topology and context changes. Our proposed architecture could increase the network lifetime, not only by promoting efficient operation, but also by defining a mechanism to allow the network to recover from the death of individual nodes by preserving stocks of unspecialized standby stem nodes in a minimal power mode. Finally, we present a nano-middleware architectu- re and show how an evolution capable ESANET can be bootstrapped. Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9150 Author: Shakya, B. and Nantajeewarawat, E. Year of Conference: 2013 Title: Towards generation of sequence diagrams from operation contracts and design patterns Conference Name: 2013 10th International Conference on Electrical Engineering/Electronics, Computer, Telecommunications and Information Technology Pages: 1-6 Date: 15-17 May 2013 Short Title: Towards generation of sequence diagrams from operation contracts and design patterns DOI: 10.1109/ECTICon.2013.6559547 Keywords: Unified Modeling Language knowledge representation languages object-oriented programming ontologies (artificial intelligence) semantic Web Jess rule engine OWL Ontology Web Language SWRL Semantic Web Rule Language UML sequence diagram class diagram design pattern representation design reusing expert knowledge input operation contract output sequence diagram sequence diagram generation software design Contracts Educational institutions Observers Ontologies Receivers Design pattern object interaction design ontology operation contract rule-based system sequence diagram Abstract: A design pattern is a general reusable solution to a commonly occurring problem in software design. It provides a template for solving a problem and can be used in many different situations. Design patterns help designers to reuse successful designs by basing new designs on prior experience. This research proposes a framework for generating UML sequence diagrams from requirements specified in the form of operation contracts, using design patterns as expert knowledge. Design patterns are represented using Ontology Web Language (OWL) and Semantic Web Rule Language (SWRL). From input operation contracts and class diagrams, which are also represented in OWL, Jess Rule Engine is used for execution of SWRL rules to derive output sequence diagrams. An application of the framework is demonstrated. Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9220 Author: Tudorie, C. R. and Borangiu, T. Year of Conference: 2011 Title: Towards great challenge in sales and operation planning Conference Name: Proceedings of the 6th IEEE International Conference on Intelligent Data Acquisition and Advanced Computing Systems Volume: 1 Pages: 295-298 Date: 15-17 Sept. 2011 Short Title: Towards great challenge in sales and operation planning DOI: 10.1109/IDAACS.2011.6072760 Keywords: production planning sales management software architecture S& OP process demand-planning laboratory-based manufacturing cell production plan sales and operation planning supply chain management supply-planning Business Manufacturing Marketing and sales Planning Production Robot kinematics Sales and Operations Planning (S& OP) Supply Chain Management (SCM) manufacturing cell Abstract: This paper addresses the issue of successful Sales and Operations Planning (S&OP) in Supply Chain Management. S&OP is a monthly process which consists in several steps, and involves a lot of roles inside a company. The paper offers a survey of ideas and best practices for a successful sales and production plan. Last section presents a case study of a laboratory-based manufacturing cell. The S&OP process in this system is supported by software architecture which incorporates subsystems for demand-planning and supply-planning. An S&OP workbench is also supported. Using this system, various system components need to be synchronized for best performance. Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8489 Author: Farooq, Bilal and Miller, Eric J. Year: 2012 Title: Towards integrated land use and transportation: A dynamic disequilibrium based microsimulation framework for built space markets Journal: Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice Volume: 46 Issue: 7 Pages: 1030-1053 Date: 8// Short Title: Towards integrated land use and transportation: A dynamic disequilibrium based microsimulation framework for built space markets ISSN: 0965-8564 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tra.2012.04.005 Keywords: Microsimulation Dynamic Disequilibrium Markets Built-Space Abstract: Investigating the factors and processes that influence the spatiotemporal distribution of built space and population in an urban area, plays an extremely important role in our greater understanding of the urban travel behaviour. Existing location of activity centres, especially home and work, strongly influences the short-term individual-level decisions such as mode of transportation, and long-term household-level decisions such as change in job and residential location. Conditions in the built space market also affect households’ and firms’ location and relocation decisions, and hence influence the general travel patterns in an urban area. In this context, this paper addresses a very important, but at the same time, not very widely investigated dimension that plays a key role in the evolution of built space and population distribution: Market. A disequilibrium based microsimulation modelling framework is developed for the built space markets. This framework is then used to operationalize the Greater Toronto and Hamilton Area’s owner-occupied housing market within Integrated Land Use Transportation and Environment (ILUTE) modelling system. Simulation results captured heterogeneity in the transaction prices, due to type of dwellings and different market conditions, in a very disaggregate fashion. The proposed methodology is validated by running the simulation from 1986 to 2006 and comparing the results with the historic data. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0965856412000699 Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8635 Author: Müller, Marcel Lucas, Ganslandt, Thomas, Eich, Hans Peter, Lang, Konrad, Ohmann, Christian and Prokosch, Hans-Ulrich Year: 2001 Title: Towards integration of clinical decision support in commercial hospital information systems using distributed, reusable software and knowledge components Journal: International Journal of Medical Informatics Volume: 64 Issue: 2–3 Pages: 369-377 Date: 12// Short Title: Towards integration of clinical decision support in commercial hospital information systems using distributed, reusable software and knowledge components ISSN: 1386-5056 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S1386-5056(01)00218-0 Keywords: Hospital information systems Decision support systems Clinical decision making Computer-assisted expert systems Medical informatics applications Computers Abstract: Problem: Clinicians' acceptance of clinical decision support depends on its workflow-oriented, context-sensitive accessibility and availability at the point of care, integrated into the Electronic Patient Record (EPR). Commercially available Hospital Information Systems (HIS) often focus on administrative tasks and mostly do not provide additional knowledge based functionality. Their traditionally monolithic and closed software architecture encumbers integration of and interaction with external software modules. Our aim was to develop methods and interfaces to integrate knowledge sources into two different commercial hospital information systems to provide the best decision support possible within the context of available patient data. Methods: An existing, proven standalone scoring system for acute abdominal pain was supplemented by a communication interface. In both HIS we defined data entry forms and developed individual and reusable mechanisms for data exchange with external software modules. We designed an additional knowledge support frontend which controls data exchange between HIS and the knowledge modules. Finally, we added guidelines and algorithms to the knowledge library. Results: Despite some major drawbacks which resulted mainly from the HIS' closed software architectures we showed exemplary, how external knowledge support can be integrated almost seamlessly into different commercial HIS. This paper describes the prototypical design and current implementation and discusses our experiences. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1386505601002180 Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 8055 Author: Bures, Tomas, Krijt, Filip, Plasil, Frantisek, Hnetynka, Petr and Jiracek, Zbynek Year: 2015 Title: Towards Intelligent Ensembles Conference Name: Proceedings of the 2015 European Conference on Software Architecture Workshops Conference Location: Dubrovnik, Cavtat, Croatia Publisher: ACM Pages: 1-4 DOI: 10.1145/2797433.2797450 Place Published: 2797450 Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9345 Author: Ye, W., Hu, W., Zhao, W., Gao, X., Zhang, S. and Wang, L. Year of Conference: 2009 Title: Towards Lightweight Application Integration Based on Mashup Conference Name: 2009 Congress on Services - I Pages: 500-506 Date: 6-10 July 2009 Short Title: Towards Lightweight Application Integration Based on Mashup ISBN: 2378-3818 DOI: 10.1109/SERVICES-I.2009.83 Keywords: Web services client-server systems data encapsulation object-oriented programming software architecture SOAK investments Web 2.0 communication content communication style component model connector model enterprise applications integrated object encapsulation lightweight application integration mashup server-centric software architecture view Application software Computer science Connectors Costs Educational technology Investments Mashups Service oriented architecture Space technology Application Integration Abstract: Traditional application integration technologies are performed in a rigid and slow process that usually takes along time to build and deploy, requiring professional developers and domain experts. Moreover, they are server-centric and do not fully utilize the computing power and storage capability of client. As an emerging technology, mashup helps move Web 2.0 into the enterprise and can reduce application integration costs and leverage SOAK investments. In the paper, we employ a software architecture view for application integration based on mashup. We propose a component model to encapsulate integrated objects as well as a connector model to specify communication style and communication content between integrated objects. Implementation details of abstract models and a case study are also presented. Our approach allows end user to integrate enterprise applications and services in a more lightweight manner. Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9386 Author: Huang, Y., Lan, X., Chen, X. and Guo, W. Year of Conference: 2015 Title: Towards Model Based Approach to Hadoop Deployment and Configuration Conference Name: 2015 12th Web Information System and Application Conference (WISA) Pages: 79-84 Date: 11-13 Sept. 2015 Short Title: Towards Model Based Approach to Hadoop Deployment and Configuration DOI: 10.1109/WISA.2015.65 Keywords: Big Data parallel processing public domain software software architecture Flume HBase HDFS Hadoop deployment and configuration Hadoop software architecture Hive MapReduce Spark Storm Yarn Zookeeper big data distributed processing model based approach open source software framework Complexity theory Runtime Sparks Storms Models at Runtime Abstract: Hadoop is an open source software framework of distributed processing of big data. There are many kinds of services in Hadoop ecosystem, such as HDFS, Map-Reduce, HBase, Hive, Yarn, Flume, Spark, Storm, Zookeeper, and so on, which increase the complexity of deployment and configuration. It takes plenty of time to construct a Hadoop cluster. Although there are some management tools which help administrators deploy and configure Hadoop clusters automatically, they usually provide a fixed solution. So administrators couldn't construct their Hadoop clusters according to different management requirements by the tools. Software architecture acts as a bridge between requirements and implementations. It has been used to reduce the complexity and cost mainly resulted from the difficulties faced by understanding the large-scale and complex software system. This paper proposes a model based approach to Hadoop deployment and configuration which help administrators construct Hadoop clusters in a simple but powerful enough manner. First, we provide the unified models of Hadoop software architecture, according to the domain knowledge of current Hadoop deployment and configuration. Second, we provide a framework with a set of definable rules for domain experts to describe their solutions to deploy and configure Hadoop clusters. Thus, administrators can use various custom solutions to automatically deploy and configure their Hadoop clusters according to different management requirements. In addition, a real-world experiment demonstrates the feasibility, effectiveness and benefits of the new approach to Hadoop deployment and configuration. Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 8276 Author: Jo, #227, Sousa, o Pedro, Zengin, Zeynep and Malek, Sam Year: 2010 Title: Towards multi-design of situated service-oriented systems Conference Name: Proceedings of the 2nd International Workshop on Principles of Engineering Service-Oriented Systems Conference Location: Cape Town, South Africa Publisher: ACM Pages: 57-63 DOI: 10.1145/1808885.1808897 Place Published: 1808897 Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 8090 Author: Knodel, Jens and Manikas, Konstantinos Year: 2016 Title: Towards reference architectures as an enabler for software ecosystems Conference Name: Proccedings of the 10th European Conference on Software Architecture Workshops Conference Location: Copenhagen, Denmark Publisher: ACM Pages: 1-4 DOI: 10.1145/2993412.3003387 Place Published: 3003387 Abstract: Software ecosystems - a topic with increasingly growing interest in academia and industry in the past decade - arguably revolutionized many aspects of industrial software engineering (business models, architectures, platforms, project executions, collaboration models, distribution of assets, to name a few). Software ecosystems enable the contribution of external actors with distinct center a common technology and the potential distribution of the actor contributions to an existing user set. Reference architectures have been proven successful and beneficial for software product lines and traditional software development within distinct domains. They arguably come with a set of benefits that severely counterweights the additional effort of design and implementation. But what is the role of reference architectures in an ecosystem setting? In this position paper, we argue for the use of reference architecture as a means of facilitating the operation of software ecosystems, supporting not only the technical aspects but also business and organizational. Thus, we propose that reference architectures can be used as a tool to facilitate software ecosystem orchestration and promote the ecosystem health. In this work, we identify a set of challenges and propose a research agenda for the further development of the field towards efficiently improving the existing means of ecosystem orchestration. Notes: Reference architecture Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 8931 Author: Cicchetti, A., Borg, M., Sentilles, S., Wnuk, K., Carlson, J. and Papatheocharous, E. Year of Conference: 2016 Title: Towards Software Assets Origin Selection Supported by a Knowledge Repository Conference Name: 2016 1st International Workshop on Decision Making in Software ARCHitecture (MARCH) Pages: 22-29 Date: 5-5 April 2016 Short Title: Towards Software Assets Origin Selection Supported by a Knowledge Repository DOI: 10.1109/MARCH.2016.11 Keywords: Context Decision making History Ontologies Software Software architecture architectural knowledge decision support knowledge repository Abstract: Software architecture is no more a mere system specification as resulting from the design phase, but it includes the process by which its specification was carried out. In this respect, design decisions in component-based software engineering play an important role: they are used to enhance the quality of the system, keep the current market level, keep partnership relationships, reduce costs, and so forth. For non trivial systems, a recurring situation is the selection of an asset origin, that is if going for in-house, outsourcing, open-source, or COTS, when in the need of a certain missing functionality. Usually, the decision making process follows a case-by-case approach, in which historical information is largely neglected: hence, it is avoided the overhead of keeping detailed documentation about past decisions, but it is hampered consistency among multiple, possibly related, decisions.The ORION project aims at developing a decision support framework in which historical decision information plays a pivotal role: it is used to analyse current decision scenarios, take well-founded decisions, and store the collected data for future exploitation. In this paper, we outline the potentials of such a knowledge repository, including the information it is intended to be stored in it, and when and how to retrieve it within a decision case. Notes: tool framework Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 7910 Author: Xu, Lihua, Hendrickson, Scott A., Hettwer, Eric, Ziv, Hadar, Andr, #233, Hoek, van der and Richardson, Debra J. Year: 2006 Title: Towards supporting the architecture design process through evaluation of design alternatives Conference Name: Proceedings of the ISSTA 2006 workshop on Role of software architecture for testing and analysis Conference Location: Portland, Maine Publisher: ACM Pages: 81-87 DOI: 10.1145/1147249.1147260 Place Published: 1147260 Abstract: This paper addresses issues involved when an architect explore alternative designs including non-functional requirements; in our approach, non-functional requirements are expressed as state-charts. Non-functional requirements greatly impact the resulting design of a system because they naturally conflict with each other, crosscut the system at multiple points, and may be satisfied in a number of different ways. This makes correctly designing them early in the software lifecycle critical, since correcting them later can be extremely costly. Our approach supports an architect generating and evaluating many different design alternatives. This explorative process is not well supported by current techniques, which focus on documenting the result of this process, but not on assisting the designer during this process. We present an architecture-based approach that supports exploration of non-functional requirements expressed as statecharts. Our approach captures design alternatives of non-functional requirements separately, composes different system designs from these alternatives using a novel weaving technique, and analyzes the resulting design for specific qualities using simulation. Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 8173 Author: Alebrahim, Azadeh, Fassbender, Stephan, Filipczyk, Martin, Goedicke, Michael and Heisel, Maritta Year: 2015 Title: Towards systematic selection of architectural patterns with respect to quality requirements Conference Name: Proceedings of the 20th European Conference on Pattern Languages of Programs Conference Location: Kaufbeuren, Germany Publisher: ACM Pages: 1-20 DOI: 10.1145/2855321.2855362 Place Published: 2855362 Abstract: The design of software architecture for a system-to-be is a challenge, since required functionality as well as the desired quality requirements have to be considered. Building upon common knowledge and best practices captured in architectural patterns has shown to be valuable in this context. However, existing solutions for deriving architectures from requirements mostly rely on experienced architects. Beside the required experience, it is often a problem that the decision is not properly reasoned and documented. In this paper, we propose a process to select appropriate architectural patterns with regards to given (quality) requirements for the system-to-be. The process uses problem frames for modeling requirements and relates requirements to architectural patterns by means of a question catalog. The answers to the questions indicate suitable architectural pattern candidates. The final decision making about the pattern to be used is supported with several steps and also takes tactics and their applicability for a pattern into account. This way, our proposed process connects requirements and architecture, guides even less experienced software engineers through the pattern selection process, provides support for decision making, and makes the decision rationale transparent. The expected target audience for this paper consists of both experienced and less-experienced software architects. Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9012 Author: Wu, Y., Zowghi, D., Peng, X. and Zhao, W. Year of Conference: 2012 Title: Towards understanding requirement evolution in a software product line an industrial case study Conference Name: 2012 First IEEE International Workshop on the Twin Peaks of Requirements and Architecture (TwinPeaks) Pages: 7-14 Date: 25-25 Sept. 2012 Short Title: Towards understanding requirement evolution in a software product line an industrial case study DOI: 10.1109/TwinPeaks.2012.6344561 Keywords: DP industry formal specification software architecture WES-PL Wingsoft Examination System Product Line customer-side requirements industrial case study industrial software product line development marketing requirement negotiation product strategy requirements requirement change classification software architectural design requirements software requirements specification Cloning Computer architecture Graphical user interfaces History Programmable logic arrays Software Switches architecture evolution requirement evolution software product line Abstract: In most software development practices, software requirements and architecture are addressed simultaneously. The architecture may grow based on a core specification of requirements, and the requirements may also be elicited incrementally as the architecture gets more and more concrete. In this paper, we present a case study on the development history of Wingsoft Examination System Product Line (WES-PL), an active, industrial software product line with a history of more than eight years. We focus on 10 member products, 51 major versions that have been delivered to customer or archived in the repository between December 2003 and May 2012, by tracing both requirement and architectural changes. We identify a requirement change classification from the viewpoint of architectural impact. We claim that software requirements are negotiated and may be guided by existing software architecture design, especially in the process of software product line development. Product strategy requirements play an important role in marketing requirement negotiation. We also find typical evidences showing that a product leader or architect has to make difficult decisions to keep a balance between marketing requirements from customer-side and software architectural design from his own side. Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9164 Author: Ruscio, D. Di, Muccini, H., Pierantonio, A. and Pelliccione, P. Year of Conference: 2006 Title: Towards weaving software architecture models Conference Name: Fourth Workshop on Model-Based Development of Computer-Based Systems and Third International Workshop on Model-Based Methodologies for Pervasive and Embedded Software (MBD-MOMPES'06) Pages: 10 pp.-112 Date: 30-30 March 2006 Short Title: Towards weaving software architecture models DOI: 10.1109/MBD-MOMPES.2006.24 Keywords: Unified Modeling Language software architecture UML metamodels directed weaving operations model-driven architecture software architecture models software development Architecture description languages Computer architecture Conferences Connectors Performance analysis Programming System recovery Weaving Abstract: Increasingly, UML metamodels and profiles are adopted to specify software architectures from different angles in order to cope with analysis specific modeling needs. In particular, whenever two or more analysis techniques are required over the same architectural model, different modeling tools and notations are required, and feedback from one model to the other is not propagated since integration is not universally established. Model-driven architecture offers a conceptual framework for defining a set of standards in support of model-driven development, where models are first class entities and play a central role in software development. In this paper, the coexistence and integration of different analysis techniques at the architectural level is reduced to the problem of enriching multi-view descriptions with proper UML elements by means of directed weaving operations Notes: UML as technique Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 7520 Author: Nassar, B. and Scandariato, R. Year of Conference: 2017 Title: Traceability Metrics as Early Predictors of Software Defects? Conference Name: 2017 IEEE International Conference on Software Architecture (ICSA) Pages: 235-238 Date: 3-7 April 2017 Short Title: Traceability Metrics as Early Predictors of Software Defects? DOI: 10.1109/ICSA.2017.12 Keywords: software metrics architectural components automotive domain industrial application software defects traceability relationships Automotive engineering Computer architecture Correlation Measurement Software Software architecture Systems architecture fault prediction metrics traceability Abstract: This paper investigates two metrics related to the traceability relationships that exist between requirements and architectural design. In particular, we look into cross-cutting requirements, i.e., requirements that are implemented by several components, and, conversely, into overloaded components, i.e., components that implement several requirements. The intuition is that intricate dependencies between requirements and architectural components might be the precursors of software defects. Using empirical data from one industrial application in the automotive domain, we study the predictive power of such metrics. Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8760 Author: Stoorvogel, J. J., Antle, J. M. and Crissman, C. C. Year: 2004 Title: Trade-off analysis in the Northern Andes to study the dynamics in agricultural land use Journal: Journal of Environmental Management Volume: 72 Issue: 1–2 Pages: 23-33 Date: 8// Short Title: Trade-off analysis in the Northern Andes to study the dynamics in agricultural land use ISSN: 0301-4797 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2004.03.012 Keywords: Tradeoff analysis Agricultural land use change Ecuador Abstract: In this paper we hypothesize that land use change can be induced by non-linearities and thresholds in production systems that impact farmers' decision making. Tradeoffs between environmental and economic indicators is a useful way to represent dynamic properties of agricultural systems. The Tradeoff Analysis (TOA) System is software designed to implement the integrated analysis of tradeoffs in agricultural systems. The TOA methodology is based on spatially explicit econometric simulation models linked to spatially referenced bio-physical simulation models to simulate land use and input decisions. The methodology has been applied for the potato-pasture production system in the Ecuadorian Andes. The land use change literature often describes non-linearity in land use change as a result of sudden changes in the political (e.g. new agricultural policies) or environmental setting (e.g. earthquakes). However, less attention has been paid to the non-linearities in production systems and their consequences for land use change. In this paper, we use the TOA system to study agricultural land use dynamics and to find the underlying processes for non-linearities. Results show that the sources of non-linearities are in the properties of bio-physical processes and in the decision making-process of farmers. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0301479704000751 Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9632 Author: Baker, C. R. and Dolan, J. M. Year of Conference: 2008 Title: Traffic interaction in the urban challenge: Putting boss on its best behavior Conference Name: 2008 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems Pages: 1752-1758 Date: 22-26 Sept. 2008 Short Title: Traffic interaction in the urban challenge: Putting boss on its best behavior ISBN: 2153-0858 DOI: 10.1109/IROS.2008.4651211 Keywords: mobile robots object-oriented programming road traffic road vehicles robot programming traffic control Boss Tartan racing winning entry autonomous robotic software subsystem discrete traffic interaction management mission execution management software design principle urban challenge Control systems Distance measurement Navigation Observers Roads Robots Vehicles Abstract: We describe an autonomous robotic software subsystem for managing mission execution and discrete traffic interaction in the 2007 DARPA Urban Challenge. Its role is reviewed in the context of the software system that controls ldquoBossrdquo, Tartan Racingpsilas winning entry in the competition. Design criteria are presented, followed by the application of software design principles to derive an architecture well suited to the rigors of developing complex robotic systems. Combined with a discussion of robust behavioral algorithms, the designpsilas effectiveness is highlighted in its ability to manage complex autonomous driving behaviors while remaining adaptable to the systempsilas evolving capabilities. Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9423 Author: Fraga, A. and Llorens, J. Year of Conference: 2007 Title: Training Initiative for New Software/Enterprise Architects: An Ontological Approach Conference Name: 2007 Working IEEE/IFIP Conference on Software Architecture (WICSA'07) Pages: 19-19 Date: 6-9 Jan. 2007 Short Title: Training Initiative for New Software/Enterprise Architects: An Ontological Approach DOI: 10.1109/WICSA.2007.48 Keywords: computer science education learning (artificial intelligence) ontologies (artificial intelligence) software architecture training ontological approach reinforcement learning software-enterprise architects training courses university studies Certification Computer architecture Engineering profession History Learning Ontologies Seminars Software engineering Education Methodology. Software/Enterprise Architecture Abstract: In this paper, we describe the importance of new software/enterprise architects in the discipline of software architecture and enterprise architecture. Both are often idealized as super heroes with a lot of qualities that are very infrequent in contemporary people. The enterprise/software architect role could be assumed by a group of people able to manage the qualities for the role. In any case, even a group or a single person must be educated in the discipline by training courses, new methodologies of learning, or traditional university studies. In order to improve the process of becoming a new architect we propose a methodology based on ontological structures and reinforcement learning. Notes: learning approach Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9510 Author: Meedeniya, D., Perera, I. and Bowles, J. Year of Conference: 2015 Title: Transformation and composition of software design models for Model Driven Development Conference Name: 2015 IEEE 10th International Conference on Industrial and Information Systems (ICIIS) Pages: 31-36 Date: 18-20 Dec. 2015 Short Title: Transformation and composition of software design models for Model Driven Development DOI: 10.1109/ICIINFS.2015.7398981 Keywords: Petri nets Unified Modeling Language software engineering Coloured Petri Nets MDD processes UML sequence diagrams automated derivation complex systems formal rules mathematical proof model decomposition model driven development model transformations software design models software system development Color Logic gates Mathematical model Niobium Coloured Petri net UML sequence diagram model composition model transformation Abstract: Software models play a significant role with the growth of software system development based on Model Driven Development (MDD) approach. Model transformations and compositions are the heart of MDD and allow the development of complex systems and their automated derivation. Moreover, software development of large and complex systems uses a collection of models, where model composition and decomposition are required. Various research studies have been done on specifying and executing MDD processes; however only a few of those have considered the validity of such transformations, thus safe composition and decomposition of models. This paper presents a general approach for model composition for the transformation from UML sequence diagrams to Coloured Petri Nets and validates the correctness of model composition using a mathematical proof. These transformations are based on formal rules, which have already been proven to be strongly consistent. Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8738 Author: Cartaxo, Samuel J. M., Silvino, Pedro F. G. and Fernandes, Fabiano A. N. Year: 2014 Title: Transient analysis of shell-and-tube heat exchangers using an educational software Journal: Education for Chemical Engineers Volume: 9 Issue: 3 Pages: e77-e84 Date: 7// Short Title: Transient analysis of shell-and-tube heat exchangers using an educational software ISSN: 1749-7728 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ece.2014.05.001 Keywords: Heat exchanger Unit operations Education Software Simulation Abstract: Computer-aided design has become extremely popular and its use in classroom can be very helpful, adding more analysis capabilities to all engineering areas. A free piece of educational software to teach transient analyses of shell-and-tube heat exchanger equipment to undergraduate students is presented. The software was developed to provide unit operation courses with realistic exercises involving dynamic simulation of chemical processes. The use of the program improves the efficiency of the course since it let students practice heat exchanger analysis while relieving them of tedious repetitive calculations. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1749772814000074 Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9629 Author: Factor, M. and Gelernter, D. H. Year of Conference: 1990 Title: The trellis architecture for intelligent monitors Conference Name: Proceedings. 5th IEEE International Symposium on Intelligent Control 1990 Pages: 300-303 vol.1 Date: 5-7 Sep 1990 Short Title: The trellis architecture for intelligent monitors ISBN: 2158-9860 DOI: 10.1109/ISIC.1990.128472 Keywords: computerised monitoring expert systems graph theory medical computing parallel architectures parallel programming patient care patient monitoring protocols real-time systems scheduling C-Linda abstraction strategies decision processes hierarchical graph intelligent monitors intensive care units parallel processes parallel real-time monitors process trellis protocol scheduling strategies software architecture structural synopsization visualization Computer architecture Computer displays Prototypes Software prototyping Abstract: The process trellis is a software architecture that imposes a simple and regular organization on a complex, diverse set of parallel processes. The organization it imposes is well suited to parallel real-time monitors and expert systems. The trellis architecture is based on a hierarchical graph of decision processes, reflecting the conceptual hierarchy of the problem domain. All processes in the graph execute continuously and concurrently, and they communicate among themselves and with the outside world using a simple and uniform protocol. The trellis is amenable to parallel real-time scheduling strategies, to `abstraction strategies' that synopsize the structure of complex trellises, and to visualization; it is a highly flexible architecture that seems well suited to a variety of domains. Extensive work on the trellis to date has focused both on design and analytical studies, and on the implementation, using C-Linda, of a substantial prototype trellis for patient monitoring in intensive care units Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 7646 Author: Kazman, R., Cervantes, H., Haziyev, S. and Hrytsay, O. Year of Conference: 2016 Title: Tutorial Summary for Designing Software Architectures Using ADD 3.0 Conference Name: 2016 13th Working IEEE/IFIP Conference on Software Architecture (WICSA) Pages: 253-253 Date: 5-8 April 2016 Short Title: Tutorial Summary for Designing Software Architectures Using ADD 3.0 DOI: 10.1109/WICSA.2016.20 Keywords: object-oriented methods software architecture ADD 3.0 attribute driven design Big data Computer architecture Context Design methodology Tutorials Abstract: Attribute Driven Design (ADD)--a method for designing software architectures--was originally developed by the Software Engineering Institute in 2000.ADD 2.0, was published in 2006. Recently we have made some significant changes to ADD to make it easier to enact, to make it better aligned with the way that software is developed today, and hence to improve its adoption by the software architecture practitioner community.In this tutorial we will introduce ADD 3.0 and explain the key changes that we made to its previous versions. We will also present a detailed real-world case study, in the domain of big data, and walk the participants through a few iterations of the method showing how the steps are performed in practice. Then the participants will have the opportunity to enact several iterations of the method on their own. We will place particular emphasis on the design decisions that are made in the different design iterations: how different concepts are used in different iterations, and how these decisions are made more confidently through the use of a reusable catalog of design concepts, how these are documented, and how these can be analyzed within the design process. Notes: Reuse of architecture patterns Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 7647 Author: Bosch, J. Year of Conference: 2016 Title: Tutorial summary for speed, data and ecosystems: The future of software engineering Conference Name: 2016 13th Working IEEE/IFIP Conference on Software Architecture (WICSA) Pages: 254-254 Date: 5-8 April 2016 Short Title: Tutorial summary for speed, data and ecosystems: The future of software engineering DOI: 10.1109/WICSA.2016.18 Keywords: organisational aspects software architecture software prototyping agile development practices architecture dimension architecture technical debt management business dimension continuous integration visualization ecosystems evidence-based development organization dimension process dimension software engineering Computer architecture Tutorials Abstract: The tutorial first discusses the trends that lead to our conclusion that the aforementioned factors are central for future software engineering. Based on this, we then discuss the implications that organizations will experience. These implications are concerned with the business, architecture, process and organization dimensions. For each dimension, we discuss specific methods and techniques. Examples include architecture technical debt management, visualization of continuous integration, techniques for evidence-based development as well as organizational models for combining architecture with agile development practices. Notes: tutorial Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8699 Author: Lytra, Ioanna, Gaubatz, Patrick and Zdun, Uwe Year: 2015 Title: Two controlled experiments on model-based architectural decision making Journal: Information and Software Technology Volume: 63 Pages: 58-75 Date: 7// Short Title: Two controlled experiments on model-based architectural decision making ISSN: 0950-5849 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.infsof.2015.03.006 Keywords: Architectural design decision Architectural decision model Architectural knowledge Controlled experiment Abstract: AbstractContext In recent years, architectural design decisions are becoming more and more common for documenting software architectures. Rather than describing the structure of software systems, architectural decisions capture the design rationale and – often reusable – architectural knowledge. Many approaches and tools have been proposed in the literature to support architectural decision making and documentation (for instance, based on models, ontologies, or templates). In this context, the capturing, organization, and effective reuse of architectural knowledge has gained a lot of attention. Objective However, there is little empirical evidence about the supportive effect of reusable architectural knowledge on the effectiveness and efficiency of architectural decision making. Method To investigate these aspects, we conducted two separate controlled experiments with software architecture students in which we tested the supportive effect of reusable decision models in decision making and documentation. Results Our results show that the use of reusable decision models can significantly increase both the efficiency and the effectiveness of novice architects. Conclusion We can report, that our findings are in line with similar studies and support the claims regarding reusable architectural design decisions in principle. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0950584915000634 Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 7861 Author: Volpato, Tiago, Oliveira, Brauner R. N., Garc, Lina, #233, Capilla, Rafael and Nakagawa, Elisa Yumi Year: 2017 Title: Two perspectives on reference architecture sustainability Conference Name: Proceedings of the 11th European Conference on Software Architecture: Companion Proceedings Conference Location: Canterbury, United Kingdom Publisher: ACM Pages: 188-194 DOI: 10.1145/3129790.3129815 Place Published: 3129815 Abstract: In the context of software architectures, sustainability has been investigated as an important quality property to assess how well these architectures support changes over time. Several initiatives to achieve sustainable software architectures/systems can be already found. In parallel, reference architectures have served as an effective support to facilitate and standardize the development and evolution of software systems, including in complex, critical application domains. By encompassing valuable knowledge of specific domains, the reference architectures survival is considered of utmost importance, however, the most of such architectures have not been updated since their first version. Furthermore, there is a lack of works investigating how a reference architectures, by itself, can become sustainable and/or can contribute to develop sustainable systems in a domain. The main contribution of this paper is to provide a first view about sustainability on reference architectures. Resulting from our expertise on reference architectures, we bring out the two perspectives on their sustainability: (i) sustainability IN reference architectures; and (ii) sustainability OF reference architectures. In particular, for the perspective OF, we analyzed 20 existing reference architectures to assess their sustainability, and we found most of them were not updated over time. Hence, we also provide an initial set of aspects that could contribute to address sustainability of those architectures. Notes: Reference architectures Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9410 Author: Heah, W. S. and Omar, M. K. Year of Conference: 2003 Title: A two-level hierarchy software architecture framework for the manufacturing industry Conference Name: Tenth Asia-Pacific Software Engineering Conference, 2003. Pages: 208-214 Date: 10-12 Dec. 2003 Short Title: A two-level hierarchy software architecture framework for the manufacturing industry DOI: 10.1109/APSEC.2003.1254373 Keywords: decision making manufacturing industries manufacturing systems object-oriented programming software architecture decision-making manufacturing industry manufacturing system object-oriented approach operational decision two-level hierarchy software architecture framework Aggregates Collaboration Computer architecture Object oriented modeling Production facilities Productivity Profitability Abstract: The main objective is to propose an integrated framework architecture that facilitates coordination and collaboration among different managerial levels in a manufacturing facility. We are deploying an object-oriented approach as the conceptual modeling methodology. Our thesis is that local decisions (at the operation level) can benefit from the timely accessibility of appropriately aggregate decisions that are imposed by top management. In turn, the manufacturing system as a whole can benefit from timely dissemination of appropriate aggregate decisions pertaining to improvements of the overall productivity, and profitability of the manufacturing system. We report on the development and implementation of framework for integrating tactical and operational decisions. The developed framework is user-friendly, generic in nature and will be of interest to practitioners and managers for the manufacturing industry to assist their decision-making. Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9574 Author: Krikhaar, R., Postma, A., Sellink, A., Stroucken, M. and Verhoef, C. Year of Conference: 1999 Title: A two-phase process for software architecture improvement Conference Name: Software Maintenance, 1999. (ICSM '99) Proceedings. IEEE International Conference on Pages: 371-380 Date: 1999 Short Title: A two-phase process for software architecture improvement ISBN: 1063-6773 DOI: 10.1109/ICSM.1999.792635 Keywords: algebra formal specification program visualisation software architecture software metrics software process improvement Relation Partition Algebra abstract syntax trees architecture visualisation changing system requirements complexity control fast feedback loop formal transformation techniques large systems normal development process product lines quality aspects renovation factories area software architecture improvement software architecture improvement process software architecture transformation transformation engines two-phase process Computer architecture Consumer electronics Control systems Engines Feedback loop Laboratories Production facilities Software maintenance Visualization Abstract: Software architecture is important for large systems in which it is the main means for among other things, controlling complexity. Current ideas on software architectures were not available more than ten years ago. Software developed at that time has been deteriorating from an architectural point of view over the years, as a result of adaptations made in the software because of changing system requirements. Parts of the old software are nevertheless still being used in new product lines. To make changes in that software, like adding features, it is imperative to first adapt the software to accommodate those changes. Architecture improvement of existing software is therefore becoming more and more important. The paper describes a two-phase process for software architecture improvement, which is the synthesis of two research areas: the architecture visualisation and analysis area of Philips Research, and the transformation engines and renovation factories area of the University of Amsterdam. Software architecture transformation plays an important role, and is to our knowledge a new research topic. Phase one of the process is based on Relation Partition Algebra (RPA). By lifting the information to higher levels of abstraction and calculating metrics over the system, all kinds of quality aspects can be investigated. Phase two is based on formal transformation techniques on abstract syntax trees. The software architecture improvement process allows for a fast feedback loop on results, without the need to deal with the complete software and without any interference with the normal development process Notes: extract information about architecture Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9470 Author: Nishino, H., Shihara, K., Kagawa, T. and Utsumiya, K. Year of Conference: 2008 Title: A Ubiquitous 3D Graphics Modeler for Mobile Devices Conference Name: 2008 IEEE International Symposium on Parallel and Distributed Processing with Applications Pages: 502-509 Date: 10-12 Dec. 2008 Short Title: A Ubiquitous 3D Graphics Modeler for Mobile Devices ISBN: 2158-9178 DOI: 10.1109/ISPA.2008.83 Keywords: computer graphics genetic algorithms mobile computing software engineering user interfaces 3D authoring method GUI layouts genetic algorithm mobile devices mobile software design thin client architecture ubiquitous 3D graphics modeler user interactions visual quality Computer architecture Evolutionary computation IEC Power system modeling Rendering (computer graphics) Software design 3D computer graphics interactive evolutionary computation mobile 3D graphics ubiquitous computing Abstract: We propose a method to provide an intuitive computer graphics authoring environment usable on tiny mobile devices. We adopted a 3D authoring method based on interactive evolutionary computation (IEC). It allows users to intuitively produce high quality graphics contents on site by evolving a set of 3D models using genetic algorithm (GA). The proposed system enables the users to easily design 3D graphics contents by using a mobile device anywhere at any time without sacrificing visual quality. The proposed system employed "thin client" architecture because the computing power of the mobile devices is not enough to render realistic 3D objects. The mobile client plays a role for handling user interactions and transmitting data to/from the server whereas the server is responsible for heavy graphics processing. Providing good user interface is a crucial factor for mobile software design. We prototyped three different GUI layouts and conducted a comparative experiment to figure out which design is preferable. Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9366 Author: Nejatimoharrami, F., Faina, A., Jovanovic, A., St-Cyr, O., Chignell, M. and Stoy, K. Year of Conference: 2017 Title: UI Design for an Engineering Process: Programming Experiments on a Liquid Handling Robot Conference Name: 2017 First IEEE International Conference on Robotic Computing (IRC) Pages: 196-203 Date: 10-12 April 2017 Short Title: UI Design for an Engineering Process: Programming Experiments on a Liquid Handling Robot DOI: 10.1109/IRC.2017.64 Keywords: formal specification materials handling equipment telerobotics user interfaces SUS scores UI design Web interface cloud interface heuristic evaluation liquid handling robot programming experiments rapid prototyping requirements analysis system usability scale teleoperation mode user interface design process Chemistry Laboratories Liquids Programming Robots Usability Cloud Computing for Distributed and Real Time Robotics Human-robot Interaction Robot Software Architecture Design Usability Research User Interface Design Abstract: In this paper we describe the development of a user interface for a liquid handling robot. We describe the user interface design process that we carried out, beginning with requirements analysis and rapid prototyping, followed by heuristic evaluation. We then demonstrate the resulting cloud interface where the robot is controlled remotely in a teleoperation mode to program common protocols in chemistry, and biology, laboratories. We describe the main characteristics of the web interface, focusing on solution strategies used to expose features for programming experiments, remotely. We also report on the System Usability Scale (SUS) scores obtained by testing the interface with 15 experts in the fields of chemistry, and biology. Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 9431 Author: Loo, K. N., Lee, S. P. and Chiew, T. K. Year: 2012 Title: UML Extension for Defining the Interaction Variants of Design Patterns Journal: IEEE Software Volume: 29 Issue: 5 Pages: 64-72 Short Title: UML Extension for Defining the Interaction Variants of Design Patterns ISSN: 0740-7459 DOI: 10.1109/MS.2012.20 Keywords: Unified Modeling Language decision making interactive systems software architecture software reusability UML sequence diagrams catalog design decision making design knowledge transfer design pattern interaction variants reference guide reusable solutions software design structural information visual modeling tool Adaptation models Business Context modeling Design methdology Object recognition UML profile design pattern interaction fragment role interaction variant pattern role Abstract: Design patterns provide a way to transfer design knowledge and reusable solutions to recurring problems. The patterns include structural and interaction information that, if captured in a catalog, can act as a useful reference guide for developers when making design decisions. However, for the same design pattern structure, there can be different ways for interactions to occur. We call these interaction variants, and they haven't yet been defined explicitly in existing work. This article introduces an approach to define the interaction variants that exist in design patterns as extensions to UML sequence diagrams. The authors have applied the approach on several commonly used patterns. The approach has proved useful for paving the way toward support for cataloging design pattern interactions and interaction variants in a visual modeling tool to be used during software design. Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9098 Author: Masys, A. J. Year of Conference: 2006 Title: Understanding Climate Change through Modelling and Simulation: A Case for Verification, Validation and Accreditation Conference Name: 2006 IEEE EIC Climate Change Conference Pages: 1-10 Date: 10-12 May 2006 Short Title: Understanding Climate Change through Modelling and Simulation: A Case for Verification, Validation and Accreditation DOI: 10.1109/EICCCC.2006.277225 Keywords: IEEE standards climatology digital simulation environmental science computing software architecture IEEE 1516.3 accreditation climate change simulation modelling environmental behaviour high level architecture validation verification Application software Biological system modeling Computer architecture Decision making Instruments Social implications of technology Standards organizations Uncertainty High Level Architecture (HLA) Modelling and Simulation (M&S) Validation & Accreditation (VV&A) Abstract: The challenges associated with understanding Climate Change (CC) and subsequent socio-technical solutions stem from the complexity and uncertainties inherent within the mechanisms, magnitudes and temporal nature of the environment. Modelling & Simulation (M&S) has flourished as an enabling technology providing insight into the intricacies of Climate Change as well as facilitating understanding regarding the social and ecological implications of these changes. In addition, M&S has been instrumental in influencing decision making across many domains. The application of M&S to garner understanding of complex environmental behaviour often predicates the requirement to integrate various models and simulations. High Level Architecture (HLA) is a software architecture for constructing distributed simulations. It facilitates interoperability among different simulations and simulation types and promotes reuse of simulation software modules making it a very attractive option for M&S applications such as that within the CC domain. As the impact of the application of M&S transcends the 'virtual world', the danger of adverse effects of erroneous or unsuitable models or simulation results also increases. The application of Verification and Validation (V&V) of models and simulation results are intended to ensure that only correct and suitable models and simulation results are used. Although individual models may have been V&V, there integration within an HLA framework may result in a simulation behaviour that yields inaccurate results and thereby creates a condition such that decisions and actions would be based on invalid results. Under the auspices of the NATO Modelling and Simulation Group (NMSG) 19 and Simulation Interoperability Standards Organization (SISO) Product Development Group (PDG), a VV&A overlay for the HLA Federation Development and Execution Process (FEDEP) in accordance with IEEE 1516.3 has been developed. This paper- - presents the key concepts of this VV&A overlay. The results of this paper are far reaching in terms of how we conduct VV&A activities within an HLA environment thereby shaping engineering and policy decisions. Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9073 Author: Weitzel, B. Year of Conference: 2012 Title: Understanding deployment costs of enterprise systems: Towards architecture support in deployment decisions Conference Name: 2012 28th IEEE International Conference on Software Maintenance (ICSM) Pages: 677-680 Date: 23-28 Sept. 2012 Short Title: Understanding deployment costs of enterprise systems: Towards architecture support in deployment decisions ISBN: 1063-6773 DOI: 10.1109/ICSM.2012.6405352 Keywords: decision making information systems investment reverse engineering software architecture software cost estimation architecture support conceptual deployment model deployment decisions deployment descriptors downtime penalties enterprise environment enterprise system deployment costs hardware infrastructure large scale information systems runtime traces software deployment optimization software license costs usage profiles Computer architecture Hardware Runtime Servers Software Unified modeling language Deployment Software Maintenance Abstract: The operation of large scale information systems requires investment into hardware infrastructure and causes running cost for keeping it in a productive state. This especially applies in an enterprise environment where also expenses for software licenses costs or penalties for downtime occur. The deployment of software influences these costs both in their amount and their composition. In order to optimize them a transparent view on these costs and the deployment is mandatory. In this paper, we present an approach for making deployment explicit on an architectural level. A conceptual model of deployment is defined that can be populated by reverse engineering of deployment descriptors, runtime traces and usage profiles. We envision fostering a comprehensive decision making and optimization of software deployment. Notes: extract information about architecture Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 8155 Author: Kusumo, Dana Sulistiyo and Nugroho, Ariadi Year: 2015 Title: Understanding differences in process perspectives between developers and acquirers in off-the-shelf-based custom software projects undertaken in Indonesia Conference Name: Proceedings of the 19th International Conference on Evaluation and Assessment in Software Engineering Conference Location: Nanjing, China Publisher: ACM Pages: 1-6 DOI: 10.1145/2745802.2745828 Place Published: 2745828 Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 7792 Author: Bass, L. and Nord, R. L. Year of Conference: 2012 Title: Understanding the Context of Architecture Evaluation Methods Conference Name: 2012 Joint Working IEEE/IFIP Conference on Software Architecture and European Conference on Software Architecture Pages: 277-281 Date: 20-24 Aug. 2012 Short Title: Understanding the Context of Architecture Evaluation Methods DOI: 10.1109/WICSA-ECSA.212.45 Keywords: software architecture architecture evaluation methods contextual elements industrial software architecture evaluation methods technical personnel Computer architecture Context Face Industries Organizations comparison of architecture evaluation methods contextual factors software architecture evaluation methods Abstract: This paper analyzes several industrial software architecture evaluation methods from the perspective of their contextual elements. Contextual elements include the time available for the evaluation, the personnel available, the openness of the results, the involvement of stakeholders, and so forth. The goal of this analysis is to inform managers and technical personnel about the possibilities for an architecture evaluation method given their particular context. Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9238 Author: Grable, R., Wong, T. and Roggendorff, D. Year of Conference: 1995 Title: Understanding the domain of the Army's CTS Conference Name: AUTOTESTCON '95. Systems Readiness: Test Technology for the 21st Century. Conference Record Pages: 17-30 Date: 8-10 Aug. 1995 Short Title: Understanding the domain of the Army's CTS DOI: 10.1109/AUTEST.1995.522648 Keywords: automatic test equipment fault diagnosis military systems software engineering bottom-up analysis contact test set diagnostic equipment domain-specific software architecture software engineering directorate test measurement testing classifications top-down development Automatic testing Computer architecture Costs Decision support systems Software reusability Software testing System testing Test equipment Vehicles Weapons Abstract: This paper describes the development of the elements of the domain of the Army's Contact Test Set (CTS). This work is motivated by the anticipated proliferation of applications of the CTS, the testing classifications, and the roles of Test Measurement and Diagnostic Equipment (TMDE) and Software Engineering Directorate (SED). This work includes both the top-down development of the domain, following the Domain-Specific Software Architecture (DSSA) Pedagogical Example and the bottom-up analysis of existing Contact Test Set software. Several tools and methods are being evaluated, and currently two applications are currently being studied with others being added. A pilot application is to be implemented. Reference Type: Book Section Record Number: 7806 Author: O’Leary, Ciarán, Mtenzi, Fred and McAvinia, Claire Year: 2016 Title: Understanding the Everyday Designer in Organisations Editor: Parsons, Jeffrey, Tuunanen, Tuure, Venable, John, Donnellan, Brian, Helfert, Markus and Kenneally, Jim Book Title: Tackling Society's Grand Challenges with Design Science: 11th International Conference, DESRIST 2016, St. John’s, NL, Canada, May 23-25, 2016, Proceedings Place Published: Cham Publisher: Springer International Publishing Pages: 114-130 Short Title: Understanding the Everyday Designer in Organisations ISBN: 978-3-319-39294-3 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-39294-3_8 Label: O’Leary2016 Abstract: This paper builds upon the existing concept of an everyday designer as a non-expert designer who carries out design activities using available resources in a given environment. It does so by examining the design activities undertaken by non-expert, informal, designers in organisations who make use of the formal and informal technology already in use in organisations while designing to direct, influence, change or transform the practices of people in the organisation. These people represent a cohort of designers who are given little attention in the literature on information systems, despite their central role in the formation of practice and enactment of technology in organisations. The paper describes the experiences of 18 everyday designers in an academic setting using three concepts: everyday designer in an organisation, empathy through design and experiencing an awareness gap. These concepts were constructed through the analysis of in-depth interviews with the participants. The paper concludes with a call for tool support for everyday designers in organisations to enable them to better understand the audience for whom they are designing and the role technology plays in the organisation. URL: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-39294-3_8 Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8539 Author: Scacchi, Walt and Alspaugh, Thomas A. Year: 2012 Title: Understanding the role of licenses and evolution in open architecture software ecosystems Journal: Journal of Systems and Software Volume: 85 Issue: 7 Pages: 1479-1494 Date: 7// Short Title: Understanding the role of licenses and evolution in open architecture software ecosystems ISSN: 0164-1212 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jss.2012.03.033 Keywords: Software architecture Software ecosystems Software licenses Open source software Software evolution Abstract: The role of software ecosystems in the development and evolution of open architecture systems whose components are subject to different licenses has received insufficient consideration. Such systems are composed of components potentially under two or more licenses, open source or proprietary or both, in an architecture in which evolution can occur by evolving existing components, replacing them, or refactoring. The software licenses of the components both facilitate and constrain the system's ecosystem and its evolution, and the licenses’ rights and obligations are crucial in producing an acceptable system. Consequently, software component licenses and the architectural composition of a system help to better define the software ecosystem niche in which a given system lies. Understanding and describing software ecosystem niches for open architecture systems is a key contribution of this work. An example open architecture software system that articulates different niches is employed to this end. We examine how the architecture and software component licenses of a composed system at design time, build time, and run time help determine the system's software ecosystem niche and provide insight and guidance for identifying and selecting potential evolutionary paths of system, architecture, and niches. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0164121212000805 Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 8070 Author: Wallmyr, Markus Year: 2015 Title: Understanding the user in self-managing systems Conference Name: Proceedings of the 2015 European Conference on Software Architecture Workshops Conference Location: Dubrovnik, Cavtat, Croatia Publisher: ACM Pages: 1-4 DOI: 10.1145/2797433.2797438 Place Published: 2797438 Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9126 Author: Wang, X., Liu, S., Yu, G. and Li, Q. Year of Conference: 2008 Title: Underwater Glider Embedded Control System Design Based on QNX Real-time Kernel Conference Name: 2008 IEEE Conference on Robotics, Automation and Mechatronics Pages: 1079-1083 Date: 21-24 Sept. 2008 Short Title: Underwater Glider Embedded Control System Design Based on QNX Real-time Kernel ISBN: 2158-2181 DOI: 10.1109/RAMECH.2008.4681505 Keywords: control engineering computing mobile robots underwater vehicles BuildFile DiskOnChip M-System DOC2000 flash memory QNX real-time kernel SysCentreModuleTM-7108B main-board buoyancy adjustment control system software modules system boot file underwater autonomous robot underwater glider embedded control system design Application software Control systems Drives Flash memory Hardware Kernel Propulsion Real time systems Robots System software OS migration embedded Software design simulation underwater Glider Abstract: Underwater glider, being a new kind of underwater autonomous robot which has no external propulsion system equipped on it, is driven depending on buoyancy adjustment of itself. In development of underwater glider, its control system design plays an important role. The paper put forward the design approach to build embedded control system based on a real-time kernel in underwater glider. Hardware configuration of the control system is designed, in which SysCentreModuleTM-7108B main-board and M-System DOC2000 flash memory serve as core. The methods that drive DiskOnChip under QNX as well as QNX kernel migration to M-System DOC2000 are given. Main content and fundamental frame of system boot file - BuildFile which suitable for the embedded control system is created. Control system software modules applied in underwater glide is described and some of them were developed. All application software is supported by QNX real-time kernel and ultimately resided on DOC together with QNX. Theoretical analysis and some simulation experiments prove that the design idea is correct and the implementation approach is feasible. Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9495 Author: Docking, M., Uzunov, A. V., Fiddyment, C., Brain, R., Hewett, S. and Blucher, L. Year of Conference: 2015 Title: UNISON: Towards a Middleware Architecture for Autonomous Cyber Defence Conference Name: 2015 24th Australasian Software Engineering Conference Pages: 203-212 Date: Sept. 28 2015-Oct. 1 2015 Short Title: UNISON: Towards a Middleware Architecture for Autonomous Cyber Defence ISBN: 1530-0803 DOI: 10.1109/ASWEC.2015.29 Keywords: middleware security of data DST Group HINDER project UNISON middleware architecture autonomous cyber defence system data distribution data storage distributed key-value data persistence distributed publish/subscribe messaging local component control self-standing middleware platform Australia Computer architecture Context Distributed databases Intrusion detection Peer-to-peer computing autonomous cyber defence cyber security intrusion response software architecture Abstract: The ability of cyber defence systems to support rich sensing, fast response, intelligent decision making and a high degree of autonomy places many demands on the functionality of supporting middleware platforms, necessitating, for example, flexible data persistence that does not rely on dedicated resource pools, as well as reliable, decentralized communications. In this paper we describe the UNISON middleware architecture, which seeks to provide such functionality in the form of loosely-coupled, distributed publish/subscribe messaging, distributed key-value data persistence, and basic local component control. Taken in isolation, the individual parts of UNISON encompass features already present in existing systems and infrastructures, however, UNISON combines these into a consistent whole, providing data storage/distribution and messaging/control in a simple, light-weight and unified fashion. We have prototyped UNISON as a self-standing middleware platform, and have used the resulting prototype to support a (similarly prototypical) generic, autonomous cyber defence system from DST Group's HINDER project. We discuss our experiences with UNISON in the context of this system. As the UNISON architecture is still work in progress, our aim in this paper is to describe its current state, with the belief that the underlying design decisions will provide valuable insight when attempting to design related software infrastructures for supporting cyber defence systems. Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8455 Author: McHeick, Hamid, Deladiennee, Louis, Wajnberg, Mickael, Martin, Benoit and Abi-Khalil, Marc Year: 2014 Title: Universal Connector Framework for Pervasive Computing Using Cloud Technologies Journal: Procedia Computer Science Volume: 34 Pages: 141-148 Date: // Short Title: Universal Connector Framework for Pervasive Computing Using Cloud Technologies ISSN: 1877-0509 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2014.07.072 Keywords: Pervasive Computing Design Connector Mobile Applications Cloud Computing Abstract: Today, software architecture has a vital role in achieving quality goals for large scale distributed software systems which is made up of components and connectors. Especially, software development mainly consists of composing re-usable components. The main issue in this approach resides in the difficulty to make these heterogeneous components communicate with each other smoothly, especially in mobile and pervasive computing area. These components can be replaced, dropped or added easily using injection of control mechanism (IoC). In this work, we propose and validate a universal connector framework that allows, through a web service interface using cloud technologies, diverse software components and mobile devices communicate with each other. For example, components and devices in pervasive systems can exchange context information, and analyze them to deduce new rules. As a proof of concept, we apply this connector in a mobile messenger context and shows our results. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1877050914009272 Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 8181 Author: Rees, Michael Year: 2001 Title: The universal user interface: the web browser as top candidate? Conference Name: Proceedings of the Symposium on Computer Human Interaction Conference Location: Palmerston North, New Zealand Publisher: ACM Pages: 1-1 DOI: 10.1145/2331812.2331813 Place Published: 2331813 Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9489 Author: Cancro, G., Innanen, W., Turner, R., Monaco, C. and Trela, M. Year of Conference: 2007 Title: Uploadable Executable Specification Concept for Spacecraft Autonomy Systems Conference Name: 2007 IEEE Aerospace Conference Pages: 1-12 Date: 3-10 March 2007 Short Title: Uploadable Executable Specification Concept for Spacecraft Autonomy Systems ISBN: 1095-323X DOI: 10.1109/AERO.2007.352802 Keywords: aerospace computing formal specification formal verification space vehicles systems engineering automated verification capabilities display capabilities formalized models graphical stand-alone simulation interactive visual design on-board autonomy functionality operational support capabilities software design software implementation spacecraft autonomy systems system behavior system-level requirements uploadable executable specification Aerospace engineering Design engineering Laboratories Maintenance engineering Physics Software standards Software systems Systems engineering and theory Telemetry Abstract: Current spacecraft autonomy systems suffer from two main problems. First, autonomy designs cannot be adequately reviewed by system engineers, resulting in a potential loss of desired system behavior between system-level requirements and software implementation. Second, current autonomy systems cannot fully assess the systems-level impact of modifications and then quickly and safely upload those modifications to the spacecraft pre-and post-launch. These problems are addressed by the development of executable specification techniques to directly support system engineers with formalized models that translate into operational functionality. This paper describes a concept of combining a standard executable specification technique with a concept of software design using uploadable forms. This paper goes on to describe the features of this concept which include: interactive visual design and display capabilities that allow any domain expert to understand and/or perform the design; operational support capabilities that allow the on-board autonomy functionality to be modified or disabled in real-time without patching or modifying existing code; and graphical stand-alone simulation and automated verification capabilities that allow autonomy designs to proven safe prior to upload. Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8611 Year: 2003 Title: US and European jobs migrate Journal: III-Vs Review Volume: 16 Issue: 8 Pages: 5 Date: 11// Short Title: US and European jobs migrate ISSN: 0961-1290 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0961-1290(03)01107-4 Abstract: US private sector experts are estimating that 15% of the 2.81m jobs lost in the American decline have reappeared overseas, with estimates suggesting that this has been enough to raise unemployment by around half a percent. Further, work sent abroad has moved from labour intensive manufacturing and call centre abilities to include skilled work such as aeronautical engineering, software design and stock analysis from China, Russia and India, with their educated workers, rapidly merging into the global labour market says a New York Times article. Visit www.three-fives.com for the latest advanced semiconductor industry news URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0961129003011074 Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 7956 Author: Egorova, Inga and Itsykson, Vladimir Year: 2015 Title: Usage of design patterns as a kind of components of software architecture Conference Name: Proceedings of the 11th Central & Eastern European Software Engineering Conference in Russia Conference Location: Moscow, Russia Publisher: ACM Pages: 1-9 DOI: 10.1145/2855667.2855679 Place Published: 2855679 Abstract: This survey is dedicated to the research and comparison of the key technologies, supporting systematic usage of design patterns. The approach to use the design patterns as an exclusive kind of components of software architecture based on the most modern patterns modeling concepts is suggested. The possible CAD program realization is described and the results obtained with it are demonstrated. Notes: tool support for design patterns Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8670 Author: Vellore, Ravi C., Sen, Arun and Vinze, Ajay S. Year: 1996 Title: Use of cognitive process modeling in knowledge base systems integration Journal: Decision Support Systems Volume: 16 Issue: 4 Pages: 359-392 Date: 4// Short Title: Use of cognitive process modeling in knowledge base systems integration ISSN: 0167-9236 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0167-9236(95)00015-1 Keywords: Integration Integration of knowledge based systems Cognitive process model Process model Large KBSs Abstract: Large and complex knowledge based systems (KBSs) are becoming increasingly common. Current surveys of these systems reveal that they are designed in four different ways: federation, emulation, alliance, and distribution. Each approach has an explicit way to integrate the essential components of the KBS. Unfortunately, the software design process to integrate components in each approach is still ad hoc and informal. As such, it is very difficult to “match” a problem description with a specific integration approach. In order to be more methodical, we propose a cognitive process model (CPM) based technique. The cognitive process model abstracts the cognitive tasks of identification, conceptualization, and formalization of the experts into one common framework. We have chosen the domain of model formulation to explain the CPM-based technique. The architectural characteristics needed to implement an integrated knowledge based system are derived from this model. Some implementation details are also shown to attest the viability of the CPM-based design. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0167923695000151 Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9255 Author: Carlo, L. G. L. M., Felipe, E. T. O. and França, M. G. Year of Conference: 2009 Title: The Use of Reciprocal Trade as a Model of Sharing Resources in P2P Networks Conference Name: 2009 Fifth International Conference on Networking and Services Pages: 91-96 Date: 20-25 April 2009 Short Title: The Use of Reciprocal Trade as a Model of Sharing Resources in P2P Networks DOI: 10.1109/ICNS.2009.59 Keywords: Internet groupware peer-to-peer computing resource allocation P2P network barter economics collaboration strategy distributed application file sharing mobile device negotiation policy personal computer reciprocal trade resource sharing Application software Bandwidth Collaboration Microcomputers Mobile computing Peer to peer computing Power generation economics Proposals Scattering distributed applications economic model p2p sharing resources mechanism software architecture Abstract: Personal computers and mobile devices connected in network provide a great potential to build distributed applications which can explore a wide range of available idle resources. They are called peer-to-peer applications (P2P) and play an important role in the evolution of the Internet. Whereas P2P transactions already dominate the worldwide bandwidth it mostly consists of file sharing, leaving out memory, storage and computing power. Amassing the computational resources scattered in the Internet requires a compelling collaboration strategy. This paper presents a proposal of a P2P sharing resources mechanism, as well as a policy of negotiation based on barter economics. This model has the purpose of increasing the efficiency of P2P network and reducing its number of parasite members. Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9513 Author: Straub, J. and Reza, H. Year of Conference: 2014 Title: The Use of the Blackboard Architecture for a Decision Making System for the Control of Craft with Various Actuator and Movement Capabilities Conference Name: 2014 11th International Conference on Information Technology: New Generations Pages: 514-519 Date: 7-9 April 2014 Short Title: The Use of the Blackboard Architecture for a Decision Making System for the Control of Craft with Various Actuator and Movement Capabilities DOI: 10.1109/ITNG.2014.86 Keywords: actuators blackboard architecture control engineering computing mobile robots software architecture telerobotics actuation characteristics autonomous control best-path solver blackboard software architecture decision making system heterogeneous movement characteristics naï ve solver Computer architecture Control systems Data collection Educational institutions Expert systems Robots Software heterogeneous movement and actuation robot control Abstract: This paper provides an overview of an approach to the control of multiple craft with heterogeneous movement and actuation characteristics that is based on the Blackboard software architecture. An overview of the Blackboard architecture is provided. Then, the operational and mission requirements that dictate the need for autonomous control are characterized and the utility of the Blackboard architecture is for meeting these requirements is discussed. The performance of a best-path solver and naïve solver are compared. The results demonstrate that the best-path solver outperforms the naïve solver in the amount of time taken to generate a solution, however, the number of solver-runs to be executed against the Blackboard must be sufficient to allow the lower individual-run times to offset the time required to propagate the data utilized by the best-path solver for solution generation through the database. The existence of other justifications for this approach (even if the number of runs for each data propagation cycle is not sufficient) is also discussed. Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 8383 Author: Mashapa, Job and Greunen, Darelle van Year: 2010 Title: User experience evaluation metrics for usable accounting tools Conference Name: Proceedings of the 2010 Annual Research Conference of the South African Institute of Computer Scientists and Information Technologists Conference Location: Bela Bela, South Africa Publisher: ACM Pages: 170-181 DOI: 10.1145/1899503.1899522 Place Published: 1899522 Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9463 Author: Seinstra, F. J., Snoek, C. G. M., Koelma, D., Geusebroek, J. M. and Worring, M. Year of Conference: 2005 Title: User Transparent Parallel Processing of the 2004 NIST TRECVID Data Set Conference Name: 19th IEEE International Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium Pages: 90-90 Date: 04-08 April 2005 Short Title: User Transparent Parallel Processing of the 2004 NIST TRECVID Data Set ISBN: 1530-2075 DOI: 10.1109/IPDPS.2005.443 Keywords: content-based retrieval message passing multimedia computing parallel programming software architecture video databases workstation clusters NIST TRECVID data set Parallel-Horus framework content-based video retrieval homogeneous Beowulf-type commodity clusters message passing programs parallel processing sequential multimedia applications Application software Content based retrieval Informatics Libraries NIST Programming profession Abstract: The Parallel-Horus framework, developed at the University of Amsterdam, is a unique software architecture that allows non-expert parallel programmers to develop fully sequential multimedia applications for efficient execution on homogeneous Beowulf-type commodity clusters. Previously obtained results for realistic, but relatively small-sized applications have shown the feasibility of the Parallel-Horus approach, with parallel performance consistently being found to be optimal with respect to the abstraction level of message passing programs. In this paper we discuss the most serious challenge Parallel-Horus has had to deal with so far: the processing of over 184 hours of video included in the 2004 NIST TRECVID evaluation, i.e. the de facto international standard benchmark for content-based video retrieval. Our results and experiences confirm that Parallel-Horus is a very powerful support-tool for state-of-the-art research and applications in multimedia processing. Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8477 Author: Kamsu-Foguem, Bernard, Tchuenté-Foguem, Germaine, Allart, Laurent, Zennir, Youcef, Vilhelm, Christian, Mehdaoui, Hossein, Zitouni, Djamel, Hubert, Hervé, Lemdani, Mohamed and Ravaux, Pierre Year: 2012 Title: User-centered visual analysis using a hybrid reasoning architecture for intensive care units Journal: Decision Support Systems Volume: 54 Issue: 1 Pages: 496-509 Date: 12// Short Title: User-centered visual analysis using a hybrid reasoning architecture for intensive care units ISSN: 0167-9236 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dss.2012.06.009 Keywords: Intelligent user interface Visual computing Connectionist-symbolic integration Knowledge acquisition Intensive care units Medical monitoring Abstract: One problem pertaining to Intensive Care Unit information systems is that, in some cases, a very dense display of data can result. To ensure the overview and readability of the increasing volumes of data, some special features are required (e.g., data prioritization, clustering, and selection mechanisms) with the application of analytical methods (e.g., temporal data abstraction, principal component analysis, and detection of events). This paper addresses the problem of improving the integration of the visual and analytical methods applied to medical monitoring systems. We present a knowledge- and machine learning-based approach to support the knowledge discovery process with appropriate analytical and visual methods. Its potential benefit to the development of user interfaces for intelligent monitors that can assist with the detection and explanation of new, potentially threatening medical events. The proposed hybrid reasoning architecture provides an interactive graphical user interface to adjust the parameters of the analytical methods based on the users' task at hand. The action sequences performed on the graphical user interface by the user are consolidated in a dynamic knowledge base with specific hybrid reasoning that integrates symbolic and connectionist approaches. These sequences of expert knowledge acquisition can be very efficient for making easier knowledge emergence during a similar experience and positively impact the monitoring of critical situations. The provided graphical user interface incorporating a user-centered visual analysis is exploited to facilitate the natural and effective representation of clinical information for patient care. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167923612001923 Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 8832 Author: Vastardis, N., Adjrad, M., Buchanan, K., Liao, Z., Koch, C., Russo, R., Yang, K., Ghavami, M., Anderson, B. and Dudley, S. Year of Conference: 2014 Title: A user-centric system architecture for residential energy consumption reduction Conference Name: 2014 IEEE Online Conference on Green Communications (OnlineGreenComm) Pages: 1-7 Date: 12-14 Nov. 2014 Short Title: A user-centric system architecture for residential energy consumption reduction DOI: 10.1109/OnlineGreenCom.2014.7114423 Keywords: energy consumption energy management systems feedback DANCER project decision making operation energy efficiency feedback mechanism improvement long-term energy consumption reduction residential energy consumption reduction software architecture user-centric residential energy management system Computer architecture Conferences Green products Logic gates Radar Sensors Energy Reduction Policy Engine Smart Gateway Smart Metering System Architecture Abstract: Long-term energy consumption reduction can be achieved more readily through sensible cooperation between end users and technological advancements. The DANCER project presented here proposes a user-centric residential energy management system, with the intention to achieve long-term energy related behavioural changes, thus improving the energy efficiency of modern homes. Although, it follows the same basic principles as other contemporary approaches, it focuses on minimizing the interaction of the user with the system. This is achieved through an improved feedback mechanism and a generic, policy based service that takes advantage of the modularity and generality of the software architecture. The proposed system is designed to support a variety of technologies (WiFi, Zigbee, X10), in order to ameliorate the input and output of the decision making operation. In this paper, the general outline of the DANCER system architecture and its most important components are discussed and the prototype test-bed is presented. Special consideration is given to the implementation, operation and response behaviour of the prototype. Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 8003 Author: Hendrich, Norman, Bistry, Hannes, Adler, Benjamin and Zhang, Jianwei Year: 2014 Title: User-driven software design for an elderly care service robot Conference Name: Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Pervasive Computing Technologies for Healthcare Conference Location: Oldenburg, Germany Publisher: ICST (Institute for Computer Sciences, Social-Informatics and Telecommunications Engineering) Pages: 142-149 DOI: 10.4108/icst.pervasivehealth.2014.254956 Place Published: 2686913 Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9385 Author: Garzotto, F. Year of Conference: 2005 Title: A user-friendly enterprise framework for data intensive Web applications Conference Name: IRI -2005 IEEE International Conference on Information Reuse and Integration, Conf, 2005. Pages: 415-420 Date: 15-17 Aug. 2005 Short Title: A user-friendly enterprise framework for data intensive Web applications DOI: 10.1109/IRI-05.2005.1506509 Keywords: Internet business data processing graphical user interfaces software architecture travel industry Medina Mediterranean by Internet access cultural tourism data intensive Web application user-friendly enterprise framework Aerospace electronics Application software Art Business Cultural differences Manufacturing Paper technology Skeleton Abstract: The paper proposes an approach to enterprise frameworks for data intensive Web applications that is centered on the needs of "domain experts", who are specialists in a business or cultural sector but typically lack of technological expertise. We discuss our approach by presenting the requirements, design, and implementation of Medina, an enterprise framework for data intensive Web applications in the field of cultural tourism. Medina comprises: i) a user-friendly visual tool that can be used, without any implementation know-how, to customize and instantiate the framework, and to preview the effects of these operations; ii) a modular, highly portable software architecture that integrates the above tool and supports dynamic application preview and generation. Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9031 Author: Mukhtar, H. and Belaïd, D. Year of Conference: 2013 Title: Using Adaptive Feedback for Promoting Awareness about Physical Activeness in Adults Conference Name: 2013 IEEE 10th International Conference on Ubiquitous Intelligence and Computing and 2013 IEEE 10th International Conference on Autonomic and Trusted Computing Pages: 638-643 Date: 18-21 Dec. 2013 Short Title: Using Adaptive Feedback for Promoting Awareness about Physical Activeness in Adults DOI: 10.1109/UIC-ATC.2013.99 Keywords: behavioural sciences computing health care human factors mobile computing mobile radio Sedentaware adaptive feedback adult users exercise health mobile application prototypes mobile phone technology physical activeness physical activities sedentary behavior sedentary habits software design factors users motivation Accuracy Computers Context Educational institutions Mobile communication Mobile handsets Prototypes adaptive alarms adaptive model motivation Abstract: Physical activities play important role in having better health. However, due to the nature of our jobs, most of us have developed sedentary habits and it is very seldom that we find dedicated time for exercise or other physical activities. Sedentary behavior has been identified as an important factor in preventing good health and there is a need to push adults to carry out physical activities regularly, on daily basis. The purpose of the current research is to find how we can effectively use mobile phone technology to raise awareness about sedentary behavior in users and how we can persuade users to do physical activities. For this purpose, we developed a mobile application called Sedentaware. We describe different mobile application prototypes and experiments that were conducted on adult users for preventing sedentary behavior in order to promote physical activities among adults. Our final prototype that is able to motivate the users to take corrective actions, after detecting prolonged sedentary behavior, uses an adaptive model based on each user's progress. We identify some human and software design factors and describe why our previous approaches did not work before arriving at the final one. The results of user experiments and performance evaluations are also discussed. Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9067 Author: McGregor, J. D., Bachman, F., Bass, L., Bianco, P. and Klein, M. Year of Conference: 2007 Title: Using an Architecture Reasoning Tool to Teach Software Architecture Conference Name: 20th Conference on Software Engineering Education & Training (CSEET'07) Pages: 275-282 Date: 3-5 July 2007 Short Title: Using an Architecture Reasoning Tool to Teach Software Architecture ISBN: 1093-0175 DOI: 10.1109/CSEET.2007.53 Keywords: computer science education software architecture ArchE Architecture Expert Clemson University Software Engineering Institute architecture reasoning tool software architecture teaching Computer architecture Computer science Costs Education Predictive models Software design Software engineering Software systems Software tools Abstract: The Architecture Expert (ArchE) is a software architecture design assistant under development at the Software Engineering Institute (SEI). It embodies knowledge of quality attributes and the relation between the achievement of quality attribute requirements and architecture design. In this paper, we describe the use of ArchE in a graduate level software architecture class at Clemson University. The discussion combines aspects of using ArchE as a tool to produce architectures and using ArchE to teach about architecting. The students were positive about the use of ArchE although critical of ArchE's immaturity. The instructor was also positive about the use of ArchE. Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 7775 Author: That, M. T. T., Sadou, S. and Oquendo, F. Year of Conference: 2012 Title: Using Architectural Patterns to Define Architectural Decisions Conference Name: 2012 Joint Working IEEE/IFIP Conference on Software Architecture and European Conference on Software Architecture Pages: 196-200 Date: 20-24 Aug. 2012 Short Title: Using Architectural Patterns to Define Architectural Decisions DOI: 10.1109/WICSA-ECSA.212.28 Keywords: conformance testing program verification software architecture architectural decision conformance checking architectural design decision architectural model architectural pattern architecture development process document architectural decision nonfunctional property pattern formalization technique Computer architecture Documentation Object oriented modeling Semantics Semiconductor optical amplifiers Unified modeling language MDA architectural decision pattern Abstract: During the architecture development process, architectural design decisions play an important role in maintaining non-functional properties of the system. Instead of supposing that architectural decisions are implicitly recognizable, existing works propose to give them first-class status. However, little focus is paid on the automation of architectural decision checking. This paper proposes to leverage pattern formalization techniques to document architectural decisions. The approach consists of a way to describe architectural patterns that hold the architectural decision definition, show how to integrate architectural decisions (patterns) into an architectural model and finally automate the architectural decision conformance checking. Notes: tool for ADDs Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 8794 Author: Morveli-Espinoza, M., Possebom, A. T., Mendes, G. F. and Tacla, C. A. Year of Conference: 2015 Title: Using argumentation for cooperative decision making process Conference Name: 2015 IEEE 19th International Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work in Design (CSCWD) Pages: 431-436 Date: 6-8 May 2015 Short Title: Using argumentation for cooperative decision making process DOI: 10.1109/CSCWD.2015.7230998 Keywords: decision making groupware software agents software architecture argumentation model cooperative decision making process cooperative design work intelligent agent architecture software architecture design Guidelines Lead Abstract: Decision making process is an important topic in cooperative design work, but it also can be a complex and long-running task, especially when many aspects must be decided, several parties are involved and there are conflicting points of view. One form of dealing with this complexity is automating all or part of the process. With the aim of giving a partial support, we propose a based-argumentation model for the decision making process. In our model, intelligent agents act on behalf of the human participants and after a decision making process a suggested decision is given. We also propose an agent architecture in which the knowledge is divided into data and beliefs, depending on a credibility value of the information. Finally, we give an example of the performance of our model in a scenario of software architecture design. Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 9075 Author: Shiratori, N., Takahashi, K., Sugawara, K. and Kinoshita, T. Year: 1992 Title: Using artificial intelligence in communication system design Journal: IEEE Software Volume: 9 Issue: 1 Pages: 38-46 Short Title: Using artificial intelligence in communication system design ISSN: 0740-7459 DOI: 10.1109/52.108779 Keywords: artificial intelligence computer communications software expert systems protocols KDSS KSPS communication software communication system design expert-system intelligent networks knowledge-based design support system large-scale distributed computing systems protocol Computer industry Costs Distributed computing Intelligent systems Large-scale systems Problem-solving System analysis and design Abstract: The authors describe a knowledge-based design support system, called KDSS, that will help designers inexperienced in communication system design easily create advanced systems like intelligent networks, and large-scale distributed computing systems. They began by designing a support system for protocol and communication software. They then experimented with applying expert-system technology in design support systems and developed an expert system for protocol synthesis called KSPS. An expert system for protocol and communication software design that is based on the earlier work is also part of KDSS.<> Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8538 Author: Jansen-Osmann, Petra Year: 2002 Title: Using desktop virtual environments to investigate the role of landmarks Journal: Computers in Human Behavior Volume: 18 Issue: 4 Pages: 427-436 Date: 7// Short Title: Using desktop virtual environments to investigate the role of landmarks ISSN: 0747-5632 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0747-5632(01)00055-3 Keywords: Spatial cognition Landmark Desktop virtual environment Abstract: Recent research on spatial cognition has used computer-simulated three dimensional environments to create appropriate laboratory settings when trying to examine processes of spatial orientation. One way to evaluate “virtual environments” is to replicate results of experiments which were originally conducted in traditional laboratory or in real world settings. The experiment which is reported here investigates the role of landmarks when acquiring route knowledge in a system of paths. The design follows an earlier experiment by Cohen and Schuepfer [Child development 31 (1980) 1065]. It can be shown, that landmarks play an important role in the system of paths: landmarks which are combined with turns towards the destination are more likely to become strategic nodes in the network than those which are not connected. Beside these results, a software designed to build appropriate environments is shown and its usability is demonstrated. The use of virtual environments provides both economical and flexible design of realistic experimental settings, as well as a valide recording of behavior. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0747563201000553 Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9328 Author: Simons, C. L. and Smith, J. Year of Conference: 2014 Title: Using evolutionary computation to shed light on the effect of scale and complexity on object-oriented software design Conference Name: 2014 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics (SMC) Pages: 441-446 Date: 5-8 Oct. 2014 Short Title: Using evolutionary computation to shed light on the effect of scale and complexity on object-oriented software design ISBN: 1062-922X DOI: 10.1109/SMC.2014.6973947 Keywords: computational complexity evolutionary computation object-oriented methods probability software engineering cognitive load complexity effect dynamic evolutionary computation early lifecycle software design genotype-to-phenotype mapping mutation probabilities object-oriented software design search space population diversity scale effect software engineering problems Complexity theory Economic indicators Search problems Sociology Software design Statistics Abstract: Early lifecycle software design is an intensely human activity in which design scale and complexity can place a high cognitive load on the software designer. Recently, the use of evolutionary search has been suggested to yield insights in the nature of software engineering problems generally, and so we have applied dynamic evolutionary computation using self-adaptive mutation to the object-oriented software design search space. Using three design problem instances of varying scale and complexity, initial investigations of the discrete search landscape reveal a redundancy in genotype-to-phenotype mapping enabling flexible and effective exploration. In further experiments, mutation probabilities and population diversity are observed to significantly increase in the face of increasing problem scale, but not for increasing complexity (in problems of the same scale). Based on these findings, we conclude that design problem scale rather than complexity has an effect on the software design process, emphasizing the role of decomposition as a design technique. Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9605 Author: Karasneh, B., Jolak, R. and Chaudron, M. R. V. Year of Conference: 2015 Title: Using Examples for Teaching Software Design: An Experiment Using a Repository of UML Class Diagrams Conference Name: 2015 Asia-Pacific Software Engineering Conference (APSEC) Pages: 261-268 Date: 1-4 Dec. 2015 Short Title: Using Examples for Teaching Software Design: An Experiment Using a Repository of UML Class Diagrams DOI: 10.1109/APSEC.2015.59 Keywords: Unified Modeling Language computer aided instruction computer science education broad collection repository of UML class diagrams software engineering students statistical analysis teaching software design Internet Layout Sociology Software design Software engineering Statistics controlled experiment examples model quality model repository model reuse Abstract: Context: This research is positioned in the field of methods for creating software design and the teaching thereof. Goal: The goal of this research is to study the effects of using a collection of examples for creating a software design. Method: We ran a controlled experiment for evaluating the use of a broad collection of examples for creating software designs by software engineering students. In this study, we focus on software designs as represented through UML class diagrams. The treatment is the use of the collection of examples. These examples are offered via a searchable repository. The outcome variable we study is the quality of the design (as assessed by a group of experts). After this, all students were offered the opportunity to improve their design using the collection of examples. We ran a post-assignment questionnaire to collect qualitative data about the experience of the participants. Results: Considering six quality attributes measured by experts, our results show that: 1) the models of the students who used examples are 18% better than those of who did not use examples. 2) the models of the students who did not use examples for constructing became 19% better after updating their models using examples. We complement our statistical analysis with insights from the post assignment questionnaire. Also, we observed that students are more confident about their design when they use examples. Conclusion: Students deliver better software designs when they use a collection of example software designs. Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9099 Author: Kim, S. K. and Carrington, D. Year of Conference: 2004 Title: Using integrated metamodeling to define OO design patterns with Object-Z and UML Conference Name: 11th Asia-Pacific Software Engineering Conference Pages: 257-264 Date: 30 Nov.-3 Dec. 2004 Short Title: Using integrated metamodeling to define OO design patterns with Object-Z and UML ISBN: 1530-1362 DOI: 10.1109/APSEC.2004.108 Keywords: Unified Modeling Language object-oriented programming Object-Z UML model transformation object-oriented design role-based metamodeling software design pattern Australia Concrete Context modeling Formal specifications Information technology Metamodeling Natural languages Production facilities Software design Abstract: Three important goals in describing software design patterns are: generality, precision, and understandability. To address these goals, this paper presents an integrated approach to specifying patterns using Object-Z and UML To achieve the generality goal, we adopt a role-based metamodeling approach to define patterns. With this approach, each pattern is defined as a pattern role model. To achieve precision, we formalize role concepts using Object-Z (a role metamodel) and use these concepts to define patterns (pattern role models). To achieve understandability, we represent the role metamodel and pattern role models visually using UML. Our pattern role models provide a precise basis for pattern-based model transformations or refactoring approaches. Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 7965 Author: Shelton, Charles and Martin, Christopher Year: 2007 Title: Using Models to Improve the Availability of Automotive Software Architectures Conference Name: Proceedings of the 4th International Workshop on Software Engineering for Automotive Systems Publisher: IEEE Computer Society Pages: 9 DOI: 10.1109/seas.2007.11 Place Published: 1270337 Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9417 Author: Shelton, C. and Martin, C. Year of Conference: 2007 Title: Using Models to Improve the Availability of Automotive Software Architectures Conference Name: Software Engineering for Automotive Systems, 2007. ICSE Workshops SEAS '07. Fourth International Workshop on Pages: 9-9 Date: 20-26 May 2007 Short Title: Using Models to Improve the Availability of Automotive Software Architectures DOI: 10.1109/SEAS.2007.11 Keywords: automotive electronics expert systems inference mechanisms software architecture ArchE architecture expert system Software Engineering Institute automotive electronic control units automotive software architectures reasoning framework Automatic control Automotive engineering Availability Computer architecture Condition monitoring Software design Software engineering Abstract: This paper presents an initial model for evaluating and improving the availability of a software architecture design. The model is implemented as a reasoning framework in the ArchE architecture expert system developed jointly with the Software Engineering Institute. To ensure continuous availability many automotive electronic control units (ECUs) employ an external watchdog running on a separate CPU to monitor the software running on the ECU. If the ECU has a failure that causes interruption of its functionality, the watchdog can detect this and reset the ECU to restore correct operation. The availability model can automatically evaluate the effectiveness of a watchdog design in the software architecture and can propose improvements to achieve better availability before implementation decisions are made. The model enables a quantitative analysis of system availability that can better guide software architecture and dependability design decisions and potentially reduce implementation and testing effort. Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 8164 Author: Leite, Adriana, Girardi, Rosario and Novais, Paulo Year: 2013 Title: Using Ontologies in Hybrid Software Agent Architectures Conference Name: Proceedings of the 2013 IEEE/WIC/ACM International Joint Conferences on Web Intelligence (WI) and Intelligent Agent Technologies (IAT) - Volume 03 Publisher: IEEE Computer Society Pages: 155-158 DOI: 10.1109/wi-iat.2013.172 Place Published: 2569265 Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 8785 Author: Jeon, S. U., Hong, J. E. and Bae, D. H. Year of Conference: 2006 Title: Using Operational Architecture to Model Embedded Software Conference Name: 2006 13th Asia Pacific Software Engineering Conference (APSEC'06) Pages: 157-164 Date: 6-8 Dec. 2006 Short Title: Using Operational Architecture to Model Embedded Software ISBN: 1530-1362 DOI: 10.1109/APSEC.2006.61 Keywords: software architecture embedded software modeling operational architecture software development Computer architecture Computer science Embedded computing Embedded software Object oriented modeling Process design Time factors Unified modeling language Vehicle dynamics Abstract: Almost methods in embedded software modeling take software architecture as one of the crucial parts of the design process. Since a principal role of embedded software is the interaction with its environments, architectures that describe the dynamic aspects are also needed. Although such architectural view is significantly important in embedded software development, the existing approaches do not practically guide the architectural design based on the dynamic aspects. In this paper, we propose an operational architecture to represent the dynamic aspects of an embedded software. Also we explain how to use our operational architecture in the process of embedded software modeling. Our operational architecture effectively reflects interaction-based dynamic behavior of the system, and gives traceability between requirements and design model. Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8815 Author: Kerth, N. L. and Cunningham, W. Year: 1997 Title: Using patterns to improve our architectural vision Journal: IEEE Software Volume: 14 Issue: 1 Pages: 53-59 Short Title: Using patterns to improve our architectural vision ISSN: 0740-7459 DOI: 10.1109/52.566428 Keywords: object-oriented methods object-oriented programming software engineering specification languages objects pattern languages software architecture software design Art Assembly Computer architecture Concrete Design methodology Glass Programming Prototypes Abstract: Pattern languages can play an important role in furthering the use of architecture and objects in software design, but first we must understand what these terms mean. The authors use the work of Christopher Alexander (1975, 1979, 1981, 1985) to illuminate the problems and shed light on future directions in our use of pattern languages in design Notes: pattern visualization Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 8167 Author: Wang, Wei and Burge, Janet E. Year: 2010 Title: Using rationale to support pattern-based architectural design Conference Name: Proceedings of the 2010 ICSE Workshop on Sharing and Reusing Architectural Knowledge Conference Location: Cape Town, South Africa Publisher: ACM Pages: 1-8 DOI: 10.1145/1833335.1833336 Place Published: 1833336 Abstract: Architectural design rationale describes the decisions made, alternatives considered, and reasons for and against each alternative considered when defining a software architecture. At least some of these reasons should reference the non-functional requirements (NFRs) for the system. The SEURAT_Architecture system uses a pre-defined pattern library and the NFRs for a software system to guide the selection of architectural patterns. Each pattern recommended by the system serves as an alternative to the architectural decision made and comes with rationale for why this pattern is considered useful. This system serves several purposes---to guide the architect through the decision-making process, to ensure that NFRs are considered when making these critical early decisions, and to capture the rationale for the architecture as a byproduct of the tool-supported selection process. Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9218 Author: Nord, R. L. and Cheng, B. C. Year of Conference: 1994 Title: Using RMA for evaluating design decisions Conference Name: Proceedings of 2nd IEEE Workshop on Real-Time Applications Pages: 76-80 Date: 21-22 Jul 1994 Short Title: Using RMA for evaluating design decisions DOI: 10.1109/RTA.1994.316146 Keywords: formal specification real-time systems software engineering systems analysis RMA architectural integrity communication behavior dependency analysis design decision evaluation large complex software nonfunctional properties performance real-time safety-critical schedulability analysis software architecture specification synchronization system structure Communication system control Computer architecture Control system analysis Control systems Design methodology Feedback Performance analysis Real time systems Software systems Abstract: Software architecture plays a central role in large, complex software systems with real-time or safety-critical requirements. We are investigating design methods based on software architecture, and techniques to specify, represent, and analyze them. As a practical matter we have decided to focus our architectural research on system structure, communication behavior and specific non-functional properties such as performance, synchronization, architectural integrity, dependency analysis and control. In this paper we show how software architecture can provide support for early performance and schedulability analysis, and how the resulting analysis can also provide feedback to evaluate the design decisions made at the architecture level Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8580 Author: Pedrycz, Witold, Succi, Giancarlo, Musı́lek, Petr and Bai, Xiao Year: 2001 Title: Using self-organizing maps to analyze object-oriented software measures Journal: Journal of Systems and Software Volume: 59 Issue: 1 Pages: 65-82 Date: 10/15/ Short Title: Using self-organizing maps to analyze object-oriented software measures ISSN: 0164-1212 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0164-1212(01)00049-8 Keywords: Software measures Analysis Self-organizing maps Information granules Learning Object-oriented software Software design Visualization Dependency analysis Neural networks Abstract: In this study, we present self-organizing maps and discuss their role in the analysis and visualization of software modules in the space of software measures. We reveal how self-organizing maps create a user-friendly and interactive visualization tool that helps user/software designer inspect various alternatives and get a thorough insight into the structure of the clusters of the software modules and the related metrics (software measures). We show how using self-organizing maps we can grow clusters in a dynamic fashion and thus explicitly capture relationships between the software measures and quantify these dependencies for larger and less homogeneous clusters of software modules. The experimental environment exploited in this study relies on software measures coming from 10 large public domain systems, 5 Java and 5 C++ systems. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0164121201000498 Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9169 Author: Fasola, J. and Mataric, M. J. Year of Conference: 2013 Title: Using semantic fields to model dynamic spatial relations in a robot architecture for natural language instruction of service robots Conference Name: 2013 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems Pages: 143-150 Date: 3-7 Nov. 2013 Short Title: Using semantic fields to model dynamic spatial relations in a robot architecture for natural language instruction of service robots ISBN: 2153-0858 DOI: 10.1109/IROS.2013.6696345 Keywords: interactive systems mobile robots natural language interfaces robot programming service robots software architecture 2D home environment dynamic spatial relations interactive instruction mobile robot simulation natural language commands natural language instruction nonexpert users real world environment maps robot software architecture semantic field model spatial language understanding system modules task modification user-specified constraints Computational modeling Grounding Natural languages Semantics Syntactics Abstract: We present a methodology for enabling service robots to follow natural language commands from non-expert users, with and without user-specified constraints, with a particular focus on spatial language understanding. As part of our approach, we propose a novel extension to the semantic field model of spatial prepositions that enables the representation of dynamic spatial relations involving paths. The design, system modules, and implementation details of our robot software architecture are presented and the relevance of the proposed methodology to interactive instruction and task modification through the addition of constraints is discussed. The paper concludes with an evaluation of our robot software architecture implemented on a simulated mobile robot operating in both a 2D home environment and in real world environment maps to demonstrate the generalizability and usefulness of our approach in real world applications. Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 8938 Author: Hoek, A. van der, Dincel, E. and Medvidovic, N. Year of Conference: 2003 Title: Using service utilization metrics to assess the structure of product line architectures Conference Name: Proceedings. 5th International Workshop on Enterprise Networking and Computing in Healthcare Industry (IEEE Cat. No.03EX717) Pages: 298-308 Date: 3-5 Sept. 2003 Short Title: Using service utilization metrics to assess the structure of product line architectures ISBN: 1530-1435 DOI: 10.1109/METRIC.2003.1232476 Keywords: software architecture software metrics software performance evaluation software quality service utilization metrics software development software product line architectures software products evaluation Application software Computer architecture Computer science Context-aware services History Programmable logic arrays Programming Software engineering Software measurement Abstract: Metrics have long been used to measure and evaluate software products and processes. Many metrics have been developed that have lead to different degrees of success. Software architecture is a discipline in which few metrics have been applied, a surprising fact given the critical role of software architecture in software development. Software product line architectures represent one area of software architecture in which we believe metrics can be of especially great use. The critical importance of the structure defined by a product line architecture requires that its properties be meaningfully assessed and that informed architectural decisions be made to guide its evolution. To begin addressing this issue, we have developed a class of closely related metrics that specifically target product line architectures. The metrics are based on the concept of service utilization and explicitly take into account the context in which individual architectural elements are placed. We define the metrics, illustrate their use, and evaluate their strengths and weaknesses through their application on three example product line architectures. Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 8000 Author: Kelly, Tim Year: 2006 Title: Using software architecture techniques to support the modular certification of safety-critical systems Conference Name: Proceedings of the eleventh Australian workshop on Safety critical systems and software - Volume 69 Conference Location: Melbourne, Australia Publisher: Australian Computer Society, Inc. Pages: 53-65 Place Published: 1274244 Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9465 Author: Cordero, R. L. and Salavert, I. R. Year of Conference: 2006 Title: Using Styles to Improve the Architectural Views Design Conference Name: Software Engineering Advances, International Conference on Pages: 49-49 Date: Oct. 2006 Short Title: Using Styles to Improve the Architectural Views Design DOI: 10.1109/ICSEA.2006.261305 Keywords: Computer architecture Connectors Decision making Design methodology Information systems Process design Proposals Shape Software architecture Software engineering Architectural Styles Views Abstract: Software architecture has become more important in software engineering because it allows earlier decision making in systems design by defining the structures that will compose it. Each structure is in itself an architectural view that allows the isolation, analysis and modeling of different aspects of the system. The design of each view is based on the identification and specification of its elements and the relationships between them. This paper proposes a way to make a better architectural design through the management of the relationships present in a view type, using their styles as bases for the architectural structure, which leads to a more precise analysis in the design of architectural views. Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 7867 Author: Nakagawa, Elisa Yumi, Feitosa, Daniel and Felizardo, Katia Romero Year: 2010 Title: Using systematic mapping to explore software architecture knowledge Conference Name: Proceedings of the 2010 ICSE Workshop on Sharing and Reusing Architectural Knowledge Conference Location: Cape Town, South Africa Publisher: ACM Pages: 29-36 DOI: 10.1145/1833335.1833340 Place Published: 1833340 Abstract: Software architectures have played a significant role in determining the success of software systems. In this perspective, a lot of work have been conducted and considerable knowledge in the software architecture area has been accumulated. In another perspective, systematic mapping is a technique that provides an overview of a research area to assess the quantity of evidence existing on a topic of interest. Thus, the main objective of this paper is to introduce systematic mapping in order to explore, understand, organize and summarize software architecture knowledge, aiming at contributing to software architecture area. A simple example of use of this technique is presented and results point out to its viability also in the software architecture research area. Notes: Kind of review Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8357 Author: Edgington, Jeffrey and Leutenegger, Scott Year: 2008 Title: Using the ancient game of rogue in CS1 Journal: J. Comput. Small Coll. Volume: 24 Issue: 1 Pages: 150-156 Short Title: Using the ancient game of rogue in CS1 ISSN: 1937-4771 Legal Note: 1409803 Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9392 Author: ShuangCheng, M. Year of Conference: 2011 Title: Using the Callback Function Realization Touch Screen Gestures Recognition of Computer Conference Name: 2011 Seventh International Conference on Computational Intelligence and Security Pages: 1243-1245 Date: 3-4 Dec. 2011 Short Title: Using the Callback Function Realization Touch Screen Gestures Recognition of Computer DOI: 10.1109/CIS.2011.275 Keywords: gesture recognition software reusability touch sensitive screens callback function realization computer touch screen gestures recognition software design software flexibility Computers Encapsulation Libraries Mice Software Trajectory callback function gestures recognition touch screen Abstract: Callback function of the software design is a kind of very important function call in some way, application of its role is irreplaceable. Using the callback function can improve the software structure and improve software reusability, still can realize the program of communication between complex. Callback function can put the caller and caller separate, caller don't care who is called, all it needs to know, but there is a certain specific prototype, certain constraints (int) as the return value is the called function, reduce the coupling between the module. Based on this, the paper through the callback function has realized the computer touch screen gestures recognition, greatly improving the software reusability and flexibility. Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8491 Author: Zurita, Gustavo, Baloian, Nelson and Frez, Jonathan Year: 2014 Title: Using the cloud to develop applications supporting geo-collaborative Situated Learning Journal: Future Generation Computer Systems Volume: 34 Pages: 124-137 Date: 5// Short Title: Using the cloud to develop applications supporting geo-collaborative Situated Learning ISSN: 0167-739X DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.future.2013.10.007 Keywords: Mobile learning Geo-collaboration Situated Learning Cloud Services Software architecture Abstract: Situated Learning stresses the importance of the context in which learning takes place. It has been therefore frequently associated with informal learning or learning outside the classroom. Cloud technologies can play an important role supporting this type of learning, since it requires ubiquitous computing support, connectivity and access to data across various scenarios: on the field, in the classroom, at home, etc. In this paper we first present the situated learning theory and how we can take advantage of services offered by Cloud Computing to implement computer applications implementing learning activities based on this theory, providing pertinent geographical information and discussion boards. Next we propose a software architecture schema which can be used as a basis for integrating existing cloud services into new applications supporting learning activities. Then we present two examples developed with this approach with its viability and advantages. These are discussed in the concluding chapter. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167739X13002173 Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9378 Author: Costa, J. M. R., Santana, F. W. and Souza, C. R. B. Year of Conference: 2009 Title: Using TransFlow to Analyze Open Source Developers' Evolution Conference Name: 2009 XXIII Brazilian Symposium on Software Engineering Pages: 165-175 Date: 5-9 Oct. 2009 Short Title: Using TransFlow to Analyze Open Source Developers' Evolution DOI: 10.1109/SBES.2009.29 Keywords: public domain software software architecture software development management software prototyping software tools TransFlow open source developers evolution open source software projects software evolution software tool Collaborative software Computer architecture Computer industry Open source software Single event transient Software engineering collaborative software development developers' evolution evolution open source role migration Abstract: Due to the success of many Open Source Software projects, both the industry and the academic community are interested in understanding how such software is produced. Particularly, there is interest in understanding how these communities are organized and maintained, and also how the contributors join and evolve their roles in these projects. However, few studies have been conducted around the evolution of the developers in the communities, i.e., how they reach roles of greater importance, and how the software changes over time through this evolution. This paper describes TransFlow a tool aimed to support the integrated study of the evolution of both: the software itself and the developers' participation in open source projects. This integrated study is a requirement since the software architecture may support or hinder developers' participation in the project. Transflow's main features and architecture are described, as well as its evaluation with three open-source projects. Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9548 Author: Skroch, O. and Turowski, K. Year of Conference: 2008 Title: Validation of architectural targets in business components identification Conference Name: 2008 IEEE International Technology Management Conference (ICE) Pages: 1-8 Date: 23-28 June 2008 Short Title: Validation of architectural targets in business components identification Keywords: business data processing identification information systems software architecture BCI architectural target validation business component identification concurrent enterprising software architecture design Component architectures Computer architecture Stakeholders Standards Enterprise application component identification stakeholder requirements Abstract: Component identification is one decisive task in designing software architectures for large component-based information systems, and especially the quality of business components identification plays an important role in concurrent enterprising. Methods that have been developed for this task yield component architectures that conform to these methods' target functions. This paper validates the soundness of architectures resulting from systematic component identification with the BCI (business components identification) method. We could derive our results from a real-life industry project where we show that architecture qualities required by stakeholders are directly covered from a target architecture generated through BCI application. Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9113 Author: Massood, Towhidnejad, Wallace, D. R. and Gallo, A. M. Year of Conference: 2003 Title: Validation of object oriented software design with fault tree analysis Conference Name: 28th Annual NASA Goddard Software Engineering Workshop, 2003. Proceedings. Pages: 209-215 Date: 3-4 Dec. 2003 Short Title: Validation of object oriented software design with fault tree analysis DOI: 10.1109/SEW.2003.1270745 Keywords: fault trees object-oriented programming safety-critical software software quality NASA Goddard Space Flight Center object-oriented software design safety-critical systems software design artifact software development software fault tree analysis software reliability software validation Application software Computer industry Programming Software design Software safety Space technology US Department of Transportation Abstract: Software plays an increasing role in the safety critical systems. Increasing the quality and reliability of the software has become the major objective of software development industry. Researchers and industry practitioners, look for innovative techniques and methodologies that could be used to increase their confidence in the software reliability. Fault tree analysis (FTA) is one method under study at the Software Assurance Technology Center (SATC) of NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center to determine its relevance to increasing the quality and the reliability of software. This paper briefly reviews some of the previous research in the area of software fault tree analysis (SFTA). Next we discuss a roadmap for application of the SFTA to software, with special emphasis on object-oriented design. This is followed by a brief discussion of the paradigm for transforming a software design artifact (i.e., sequence diagram) to its corresponding software fault tree. Finally, we discuss challenges, advantages and disadvantages of SFTA. Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 7955 Author: Petre, Marian Year: 2011 Title: The value in muddling around modelling Conference Name: Proceedings of the 14th international conference on Model driven engineering languages and systems Conference Location: Wellington, New Zealand Publisher: Springer-Verlag Pages: 1-1 Place Published: 2050657 Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8437 Author: Horcas, Jose-Miguel, Pinto, Mónica and Fuentes, Lidia Title: Variability models for generating efficient configurations of functional quality attributes Journal: Information and Software Technology Short Title: Variability models for generating efficient configurations of functional quality attributes ISSN: 0950-5849 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.infsof.2017.10.018 Keywords: Energy efficiency Energy consumption Quality attributes Performance Sustainability Software product line Variability Abstract: Context: Quality attributes play a critical role in the architecture elicitation phase. Software Sustainability and energy efficiency is becoming a critical quality attribute that can be used as a selection criteria to choose from among different design or implementation alternatives. Energy efficiency usually competes with other non-functional requirements, like for instance, performance. Objective: This paper presents a process that helps developers to automatically generate optimum configurations of functional quality attributes in terms of energy efficiency and performance. Functional quality attributes refer to the behavioral properties that need to be incorporated inside a software architecture to fulfill a particular quality attribute (e.g., encryption and authentication for the security quality attribute, logging for the usability quality attribute). Method: Quality attributes are characterized to identify their design and implementation variants and how the different configurations influence both energy efficiency and performance. A usage model for each characterized quality attribute is defined. The variability of quality attributes, as well as the energy efficiency and performance experiment results, are represented as a constraint satisfaction problem with the goal of formally reasoning about it. Then, a configuration of the selected functional quality attributes is automatically generated, which is optimum with respect to a selected objective function. Results: Software developers can improve the energy efficiency and/or performance of their applications by using our approach to perform a richer analysis of the energy consumption and performance of different alternatives for functional quality attributes. We show quantitative values of the benefits of using our approach and discuss the threats to validity. Conclusions: The process presented in this paper will help software developers to build more energy efficient software, whilst also being aware of how their decisions affect other quality attributes, such as performance. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S095058491730383X Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 8236 Author: Ubayashi, Naoyasu and Kamei, Yasutaka Year: 2012 Title: Verifiable architectural interface for supporting model-driven development with adequate abstraction level Conference Name: Proceedings of the 4th International Workshop on Modeling in Software Engineering Conference Location: Zurich, Switzerland Publisher: IEEE Press Pages: 15-21 Place Published: 2664434 Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9348 Author: Ubayashi, N. and Kamei, Y. Year of Conference: 2012 Title: Verifiable architectural interface for supporting model-driven development with adequate abstraction level Conference Name: 2012 4th International Workshop on Modeling in Software Engineering (MISE) Pages: 15-21 Date: 2-3 June 2012 Short Title: Verifiable architectural interface for supporting model-driven development with adequate abstraction level ISBN: 2156-7883 DOI: 10.1109/MISE.2012.6226008 Keywords: computability formal verification object-oriented methods program diagnostics software architecture software tools ADL Archface MDD tools SMT solver adequate abstraction level architectural correctness code generation logical formula satisfiability model-driven development programming interface satisfiability modulo theories software architecture design traceability checking verifiable architectural interface mechanism Abstracts Cloning Computer architecture Connectors Observers Programming Unified modeling language architectural interface architectural point architecture bidirectional traceability Abstract: It is not easy to design software architecture reflecting the intention of developers and implement the result of design as a program while preserving the architectural correctness and adequate abstraction level. Archface, an architectural interface mechanism, plays a role as an ADL at the design phase and as a programming interface at the implementation phase. Design and code can co-evolve with Archface at the center of the development process. This paper proposes a verifiable architectural interface that can check the traceability between design and code. For this checking, we use an SMT (Satisfiability Modulo Theories) solver, a tool for deciding the satisfiability of logical formulas. Adopting our approach, we can construct MDD tools supporting adequate abstraction level when they generate code, recover a design model from code, and check the traceability between a design model and its code. Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9618 Author: Michael, J. B., Riehle, R. and Shing, M. T. Year of Conference: 2009 Title: The verification and validation of software architecture for systems of systems Conference Name: 2009 IEEE International Conference on System of Systems Engineering (SoSE) Pages: 1-6 Date: May 30 2009-June 3 2009 Short Title: The verification and validation of software architecture for systems of systems Keywords: program verification software architecture software architecture validation software architecture verification software systems systems of systems Computer architecture Computer science Government Guidelines Joining processes Mathematical model Protocols Roads Verification and Validation Abstract: In this paper we discuss the verification and validation of software architecture for system of systems. Software architecture plays a vital role in the systematic construction of large systems of systems; it defines the design space and provides a road map leading to the successful construction of system of systems that meet the functional and non-functional requirements. Moreover, a good architecture must allow the system of systems to evolve to meet new requirements due to change in mission. This paper introduces a mathematical model to tie the non-functional requirements of software systems to their architecture, and presents an approach to evaluate the quality of software architecture in light of meeting the requirements. Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 7984 Author: Wang, Shangzhu, Avrunin, George S. and Clarke, Lori A. Year: 2006 Title: Verification support for plug-and-play architectural design Conference Name: Proceedings of the ISSTA 2006 workshop on Role of software architecture for testing and analysis Conference Location: Portland, Maine Publisher: ACM Pages: 49-50 DOI: 10.1145/1147249.1147255 Place Published: 1147255 Abstract: In software architecture, connectors are intended to represent the specific semantics of how components interact with each other, capturing some of the most important yet subtle aspects of a system. In practice, choosing the appropriate interaction semantics for the connectors in a system tends to be very difficult. The typical design process often involves not only a choice from commonly used interaction mechanisms, such as remote procedure call, message passing, and publish/subscribe, but also decisions about such details as the particular type and size of a message buffer or whether a communication should be synchronous or asynchronous. Given such a large design space, it is important that designers be able to get feedback about the appropriateness of their design decisions on interaction semantics, based on the correctness of the overall system behavior. In particular, one would like to be able to propose a design, and then use design-time verification to determine whether important properties of the system are satisfied. This practice may repeat until a desired design of the system is achieved. Notes: tool Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9008 Author: Iwohara, S. K. and Dar-Biau, Liu Year of Conference: 1995 Title: A verification tool to measure software in critical systems Conference Name: Annual Reliability and Maintainability Symposium 1995 Proceedings Pages: 315-320 Date: 16-19 Jan 1995 Short Title: A verification tool to measure software in critical systems ISBN: 0149-144X DOI: 10.1109/RAMS.1995.513263 Keywords: program testing program verification safety-critical software software metrics computer control critical systems error hazard analysis processes immature error prone software safety engineer software design software development process software life cycle verification tool Design engineering Programming Safety devices Software measurement Software safety Software systems Software tools Systems engineering and theory Abstract: Previously, software metrics have been established to evaluate the software development process throughout the software life cycle, and have been effective in helping to determine how a software design is progressing. These metrics are used to uncover favorable and unfavorable design trends and identify potential problems and deficiencies early in the development process to reduce costly redesign or the delivery of immature error prone software. One area where design metrics plays an important role is in the identification of misunderstandings between the software engineer and the system or user requirements due to incorrect or ambiguous statements of requirements. However, the metrics developed to date do not consider the additional interface to the safety engineer when developing critical systems. Because a software error in a computer controlled critical system can potentially result in death, injury, loss of equipment or property, or environmental harm, a safety metrics set was developed to ensure that the safety requirements are well understood and correctly implemented by the software engineer. This paper presents a safety metrics set that can be used to evaluate the maturity of hazard analysis processes and its interaction with the software development process Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8664 Author: Brown, S. E., Wood, S. H. and Knudson, D. L. Year: 1999 Title: Vertebrate exon trapping methods: implications for transcript mapping with mosquito DNA Journal: Insect Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Volume: 29 Issue: 7 Pages: 643-651 Date: 7// Short Title: Vertebrate exon trapping methods: implications for transcript mapping with mosquito DNA ISSN: 0965-1748 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0965-1748(99)00042-9 Keywords: Bioinformatics D7 gene Exon trapping Intron RNA splicing Transcript mapping Abstract: Exon trapping methods have played an important role in the development of transcript maps. In one in vivo vertebrate method, exons in a genomic DNA clone are transcribed, and they are recovered without any a priori information on the nature of the expressed transcript. The only requirement is that the genomic DNA clone contains exons separated by intervening introns that are removed by splicing during mRNA transcription and that the splice donor and acceptor site sequences follow those used by vertebrates. It is not known whether invertebrate splice donor and acceptor sites from genes that contain short introns will be processed correctly using an in vivo vertebrate exon trapping method. In this report, an analysis of mosquito splice sites using software designed to identify exons in genomic DNA sequence suggested that the vertebrate exon trapping method could recognize mosquito introns and exons. When a mosquito genomic DNA clone containing the D7 gene was tested experimentally, this method failed to recognize and process small introns (<63 bp) faithfully. In spite of this failure, exons and exon fragments were recovered. The implications of these findings and their application to map-based positional cloning in mosquito genomics is discussed. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0965174899000429 Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 9538 Author: Longinotti, A., Bickert, K., Cautain, R., Dupin, J. P., Kervella, P., Kiekebush, M., Duc, T. Phan, Tilloles, P. and Valentin, H. Year: 2002 Title: The VINCI instrument software in the very large telescope environment Journal: IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science Volume: 49 Issue: 2 Pages: 483-490 Short Title: The VINCI instrument software in the very large telescope environment ISSN: 0018-9499 DOI: 10.1109/TNS.2002.1003782 Keywords: astronomical telescopes astronomy computing configuration management data acquisition light interferometers parallel architectures physical instrumentation control real-time systems ESO European Southern Observatory VINCI instrument software architecture control software aspects networks optical interferometry real-time control aspects software configuration control management standardization very large telescope environment very large telescope interferometer Delay lines Hardware Instruments Laboratories Mirrors Object detection Observatories Optical modulation Telescopes Abstract: The European Southern Observatory (ESO) very large telescope interferometer (VLTI) got first fringes on March 17, 2001 at Mount Paranal in Chile. The VINCI instrument has played a key role in the achievement of this important milestone and is a fundamental component for the current VLTI operations. This paper, after a brief introduction of the VLTI and the instrument itself, will focus mainly on control software aspects. It describes the VINCI hardware and software architecture in the context of the whole VLT control concept. Particular emphasis is given to real-time control aspects, data acquisition, distribution of control over several hardware platforms, networks, standardization of hardware and software components, and software configuration control management Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 8249 Author: Pittarello, Fabio and Gatto, Ivano Year: 2012 Title: A visual interface for querying ontologically and socially annotated 3D worlds for the web Conference Name: Proceedings of the International Working Conference on Advanced Visual Interfaces Conference Location: Capri Island, Italy Publisher: ACM Pages: 377-381 DOI: 10.1145/2254556.2254628 Place Published: 2254628 Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9322 Author: Dudley, T. Year of Conference: 1989 Title: A visual interface to a conceptual data modelling tool Conference Name: [Proceedings] 1989 IEEE Workshop on Visual Languages Pages: 30-37 Date: 4-6 Oct 1989 Short Title: A visual interface to a conceptual data modelling tool DOI: 10.1109/WVL.1989.77038 Keywords: expert systems programming environments user interfaces 3D representation animations conceptual data modelling phase conceptual data modelling tool cooperating expert systems database design extended entity-relationship diagrams hierarchical windows intelligent assistant knowledge representation software design tools user interface metaphor user manipulation visual interface Buildings Deductive databases Information filtering Process design Software design Software tools Spatial databases Visual databases Abstract: Two of the major problems with currently available software design tools are that they require too much detail too early in the design process, and that they do little to provide sufficient context for the software designer as the design is taking place. The paper presents a visual interface that addresses these two issues, and that in turn leads to a hew user interface metaphor. The interface is to a set of cooperating expert systems that acts as a non-intrusive, intelligent assistant in the conceptual data modelling phase of database design. The user interface allows the designer to simultaneously work at the abstract level and at the detail level while building the enterprise model from which the database will be generated. The key features of the interface are graphical gestural input, and the spatial maintenance of logical context through a technique of information filtering, using a structure of hierarchical windows. Planned extensions to the interface include user manipulation of a 3-D representation of extended entity-relationship diagrams, interactive control of behavior modelling animations, and the ability to deal with several models at the same time Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 7917 Author: Brondum, John and Zhu, Liming Year: 2012 Title: Visualising architectural dependencies Conference Name: Proceedings of the Third International Workshop on Managing Technical Debt Conference Location: Zurich, Switzerland Publisher: IEEE Press Pages: 7-14 Place Published: 2666038 Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9017 Author: Brondum, J. and Zhu, L. Year of Conference: 2012 Title: Visualising architectural dependencies Conference Name: 2012 Third International Workshop on Managing Technical Debt (MTD) Pages: 7-14 Date: 5-5 June 2012 Short Title: Visualising architectural dependencies DOI: 10.1109/MTD.2012.6226003 Keywords: decision making industrial property software architecture software metrics COTS architectural dependency visualization architectural knowledge architecture related debt behavioural dependency code level violations complex dependency dependency analysis dependency relationship visualization heterogeneous environments implicit dependency intellectual property rights legal contracts limiting factors multidimensional property programming languages software dependency complexity structural dependency sufficient code visibility system level decision-making processes technical debt visibility Architectural Debt Architectural Dependency Analysis Abstract: Visibility of technical debt is critical. A lack thereof can lead to significant problems without adequate visibility as part of the system level decision-making processes [2]. Current approaches for analysing and monitoring architecture related debt are based on dependency analysis to detect code level violations of the software architecture [2,3,6]. However, heterogeneous environments with several systems constructed using OTS, and/or several programming languages may not offer sufficient code visibility. Other limiting factors include legal contracts, Intellectual Property Rights, and just very large systems. Secondly, the complexity of a software dependency is often greater than simple structural dependencies, including; multi-dimensional properties (as argued by [10]); behavioural dependencies [5,9]; and `implicit' dependencies (i.e., dependency inter-relatedness [11]). This paper proposes a simple modelling approach for visualising dependency relationships as an extension of the current approaches, while supporting complex dependencies. The model can be built using existing dependency analysis and general architectural knowledge; thus is better suited for heterogeneous environments. We demonstrate the proposed modelling using an exemplar, and two field case studies. Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9059 Author: Dugerdil, P. and Niculescu, M. Year of Conference: 2014 Title: Visualizing Software Structure Understandability Conference Name: 2014 23rd Australian Software Engineering Conference Pages: 110-119 Date: 7-10 April 2014 Short Title: Visualizing Software Structure Understandability ISBN: 1530-0803 DOI: 10.1109/ASWEC.2014.17 Keywords: data visualisation software architecture software maintenance software metrics software quality AR map AR metric autonomy ratio map dynamic metric hierarchical map legacy system modifiability quality attributes software architecture design software comprehension software development costs software metric software structure understand-debility assessment software structure understandability visualization system structure understandability Business Collaboration Color Couplings Maintenance engineering Measurement Software dynamic analysis program comprehension software visualization Abstract: Software architecture design is known to be driven by the quality attributes we may want to satisfy. Among them, modifiability plays an important role since software maintenance takes the lion's share in the software development costs. However, to successfully maintain a legacy system, the latter must be sufficiently understood so that the maintenance team will not introduce new bugs when correcting others. Then we present a software metric that we called the Autonomy Ratio (AR). We show this dynamic metric to be a good indicator of the system's structure understandability. Since we end up with hundreds of values for a single system, we represent these values as a hierarchical map: the "Autonomy Ratio Map". The contribution of the paper is to link the AR metric with theories of software comprehension, to show how the AR Map helps in assessing software structure understand-debility, and to present an empirical validation of it. Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 8088 Author: Malka, Lior Year: 2011 Title: VMCrypt: modular software architecture for scalable secure computation Conference Name: Proceedings of the 18th ACM conference on Computer and communications security Conference Location: Chicago, Illinois, USA Publisher: ACM Pages: 715-724 DOI: 10.1145/2046707.2046787 Place Published: 2046787 Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 8366 Author: Meneely, Andrew and Lucidi, Samuel Year: 2013 Title: Vulnerability of the day: concrete demonstrations for software engineering undergraduates Conference Name: Proceedings of the 2013 International Conference on Software Engineering Conference Location: San Francisco, CA, USA Publisher: IEEE Press Pages: 1154-1157 Place Published: 2486948 Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9462 Author: Hong-cai, Cheng, Ping, Cao, Ke-zhu, Song, Jun-feng, Yang and Fu-Ming, Ruan Year of Conference: 2010 Title: VxWorks-based real-time data gathering software design for seismic data acquisition system Conference Name: 2010 Second IITA International Conference on Geoscience and Remote Sensing Volume: 2 Pages: 40-43 Date: 28-31 Aug. 2010 Short Title: VxWorks-based real-time data gathering software design for seismic data acquisition system DOI: 10.1109/IITA-GRS.2010.5603200 Keywords: data acquisition embedded systems file organisation geographic information systems geophysics computing interrupts operating systems (computers) remote sensing software engineering DMA channel DMA transferring control DMA transmission cycle VxWorks interrupt management multibuffer scheduling real time data gathering software design real time embedded operation system seismic data acquisition system storage device Data communication Petroleum Real time systems Software design data gathering real-time remote sensing system seismic data acquisition Abstract: A real-time data gathering design is introduced in this paper, which can be used in remote sensing system as seismic data acquisition system. Generally, this kind of system is designed as distributed formation. Data acquired remotely should be transferred to a storage device or analysis center continuously. With the growing of remote sensing scale, it is more difficult to gather data real-time. Data gathering module plays an important role in this kind of system. This design is used to gather remote data by using DMA transferring, its core task consists of DMA transferring control and the scheduling of multi-buffer. data will be transferred to buffer through DMA channel. CPCI crate is applied in the system and software works on it. In order to improve the overall real-time performance of the software, the VxWorks real-time embedded operation system is applied. Interrupt management is also important to this design. Interrupt will be generated at the end of the DMA transmission cycle to inform the software. Experiments show that the data gathering software can satisfy 4 cables system, totaling about 8000 channels, requirements for data gathering capability. This software features simple structure, high performance of real-time processing and data gathering, and it can be applied to other similar remote sensing systems. Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 7961 Author: Frey, Frank J., Bijvank, Roland, P, Michael, #246 and ttker Year: 2015 Title: Weaving in patterns into it infrastructure models: industry case and exemplary approaches Conference Name: Proceedings of the 20th European Conference on Pattern Languages of Programs Conference Location: Kaufbeuren, Germany Publisher: ACM Pages: 1-25 DOI: 10.1145/2855321.2855350 Place Published: 2855350 Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9134 Author: Žunić, E., Djedović, A. and Bošković, D. Year of Conference: 2016 Title: Web-based and mobile system for training and improving in the field of electrocardiogram (ECG) Conference Name: 2016 5th Mediterranean Conference on Embedded Computing (MECO) Pages: 441-445 Date: 12-16 June 2016 Short Title: Web-based and mobile system for training and improving in the field of electrocardiogram (ECG) DOI: 10.1109/MECO.2016.7525688 Keywords: Internet biomedical engineering electrocardiography medical computing mobile computing CMS ECG signals QRS complex Web-based system computer science computer systems content management system electric heart activities electrocardiogram heart rate variability medicine mobile system signal analysis skills three-layer software architecture Electrodes Heart Interference Mobile communication Muscles Training ECG signal application software Abstract: The aim of this work is to promote the application of computer science and skills in projecting web-based and mobile systems for training and improving in the field of biomedical engineering. The main role of such project system is reflected in unification and publishing educational contents in the fields of ECG signals, assigned for students and teachers of medicine and biomedical engineering. The system may also feature realistic ECG signals and support both learning and examination. The proper interpretation and detecting of different waves and intervals of electric heart activities are of primary interest for the application of computer systems in processing of the ECG signals. The presentation of this signal has been performed in several different ways, where each of them helps better understanding of certain anomaly that occurs in it. Several algorithms for the detection of QRS complex have been analyzed and compared, and the algorithm showing best results by several criteria, has been implemented. The additional possibility is the signal analysis in the form of heart rate variability. In order to be widely used, the application has been realized in the form of content management system (CMS). In this structure, the implemented system is a typical example of three-layer software architecture. Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9569 Author: Kumaran, V. S. and Lindquist, T. E. Year of Conference: 2007 Title: Web-based course information system supporting accreditation Conference Name: 2007 37th Annual Frontiers In Education Conference - Global Engineering: Knowledge Without Borders, Opportunities Without Passports Pages: T3E-19-T3E-24 Date: 10-13 Oct. 2007 Short Title: Web-based course information system supporting accreditation ISBN: 0190-5848 DOI: 10.1109/FIE.2007.4418140 Keywords: Internet accreditation computer aided instruction information systems Web pages Web-based course information system Web-based database driven software system information system supporting accreditation outcome-based assessment process password-protected user interfaces program evolution universities Databases Documentation Educational institutions Management information systems Resource management Software systems Stress CISA Course information system Outcome-based assessment Web-based application Abstract: An outcome-based assessment process has become a critical aspect of accreditation and program evolution in many universities. Transitioning to outcome- based processes pushes universities to document, coordinate, and maintain additional information. While these processes can improve course and program offerings, the added burden of managing the process and maintaining additional documentation stresses resources in most departments. This paper discusses a web-based database driven software system called Course Information System supporting Accreditation (CISA) developed for the Division of Computing Studies at Arizona State University to facilitate accreditation process by maintaining course and program objective/outcome information together with relationships among this descriptive information. Web pages provide public and password-protected user interfaces for viewing and maintaining course information, program information and the relationships among this information. The paper does not presume specific measures, but it does suggest an approach that works well with typical academic roles and responsibilities. The paper also describes the software design of our system, together with the technologies used in its implementation, in a manner supporting others who wish to adopt the system. Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 8074 Author: Alves, Carina Frota, Bosch, Jan, Hansen, Geir, Knauber, Peter, Knodel, Jens and Lungu, Mircea Year: 2014 Title: Welcome from the IWSECO-WEA Chairs Conference Name: Proceedings of the 2014 European Conference on Software Architecture Workshops Conference Location: Vienna, Austria Publisher: ACM Pages: 1-2 DOI: 10.1145/2642803.2642809 Place Published: 2642809 Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 8068 Author: Alves, Carina Frota, Bosch, Jan, Jansen, Slinger, Knodel, Jens, Lungu, Mircea and Mens, Tom Year: 2015 Title: Welcome from the WEA-IWSECO Chairs Conference Name: Proceedings of the 2015 European Conference on Software Architecture Workshops Conference Location: Dubrovnik, Cavtat, Croatia Publisher: ACM Pages: 1-2 DOI: 10.1145/2797433.2797474 Place Published: 2797474 Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 7916 Author: Gutierrez, Claudio and Robbes, Romain Year: 2013 Title: WEON: towards a software ecosystem ONtology Conference Name: Proceedings of the 2013 International Workshop on Ecosystem Architectures Conference Location: Saint Petersburg, Russia Publisher: ACM Pages: 16-20 DOI: 10.1145/2501585.2501589 Place Published: 2501589 Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 9552 Author: Zhang, C. and Budgen, D. Year: 2012 Title: What Do We Know about the Effectiveness of Software Design Patterns? Journal: IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering Volume: 38 Issue: 5 Pages: 1213-1231 Short Title: What Do We Know about the Effectiveness of Software Design Patterns? ISSN: 0098-5589 DOI: 10.1109/TSE.2011.79 Keywords: object-oriented programming software maintenance Gang-of-Four design structures knowledge transfer object-oriented design patterns software design patterns software development software engineering Maintenance engineering Search engines Software design Systematics Terminology Design patterns empirical software engineering systematic literature review Abstract: Context. Although research in software engineering largely seeks to improve the practices and products of software development, many practices are based upon codification of expert knowledge, often with little or no underpinning from objective empirical evidence. Software design patterns seek to codify expert knowledge to share experience about successful design structures. Objectives. To investigate how extensively the use of software design patterns has been subjected to empirical study and what evidence is available about how and when their use can provide an effective mechanism for knowledge transfer about design. Method. We conducted a systematic literature review in the form of a mapping study, searching the literature up to the end of 2009 to identify relevant primary studies about the use of the 23 patterns catalogued in the widely referenced book by the “Gang of Four.” These studies were then categorized according to the forms of study employed, the patterns that were studied, as well as the context within which the study took place. Results. Our searches identified 611 candidate papers. Applying our inclusion/exclusion criteria resulted in a final set of 10 papers that described 11 instances of “formal” experimental studies of object-oriented design patterns. We augmented our analysis by including seven “experience” reports that described application of patterns using less rigorous observational forms. We report and review the profiles of the empirical evidence for those patterns for which multiple studies exist. Conclusions. We could not identify firm support for any of the claims made for patterns in general, although there was some support for the usefulness of patterns in providing a framework for maintenance, and some qualitative indication that they do not help novices learn about design. For future studies we recommend that researchers use case studies that focus upon some key patterns, and seek to id- ntify the impact that their use can have upon maintenance. Notes: Literature review Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9120 Author: Breivold, H. P., Sundmark, D., Wallin, P. and Larsson, S. Year of Conference: 2010 Title: What Does Research Say about Agile and Architecture? Conference Name: 2010 Fifth International Conference on Software Engineering Advances Pages: 32-37 Date: 22-27 Aug. 2010 Short Title: What Does Research Say about Agile and Architecture? DOI: 10.1109/ICSEA.2010.12 Keywords: software architecture software prototyping agile development flexible development rapid development software development Computer architecture Conferences Data mining Programming Software Agile Agile methodology Architecture Abstract: Agile has been used to refer to a software development paradigm that emphasizes rapid and flexible development. In the meanwhile, we have through our practical experiences in scaling up agile methods, noticed that architecture plays an important role. Due to the inter-relationship between agile methods and architecture, as well as divergent perceptions on their correlation stated in numerous sources, we are motivated to find out how these perceptions are supported by findings in the research community in general and in empirical studies in particular. To fully benefit from agile practices and architectural disciplines, we need empirical data on the perceived and experienced impacts of introducing agile methods to existing software development process, as well as correlations between agile and architecture. In this paper, we survey the research literature for statements made regarding the relationship between agile development and software architecture. The main findings are that there is a lack of scientific support for many of the claims that are concerned with agile and architecture, and more empirical studies are needed to fully reveal the benefits and drawbacks implied by an agile software development method. Notes: literature review Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8773 Author: Voas, J. and Kuhn, R. Year: 2017 Title: What Happened to Software Metrics? Journal: Computer Volume: 50 Issue: 5 Pages: 88-98 Short Title: What Happened to Software Metrics? ISSN: 0018-9162 DOI: 10.1109/MC.2017.144 Keywords: Context Organizations Software Software engineering Software metrics Tools Virtual Roundtable history of computing software architecture software quality software testing Abstract: A panel of seven experts discuss the past 40 years of software metrics, with a focus on evidence-based methods. Notes: Panel discussion Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 8840 Author: Wohlin, C. and Aurum, A. Year of Conference: 2005 Title: What is important when deciding to include a software requirement in a project or release? Conference Name: 2005 International Symposium on Empirical Software Engineering, 2005. Pages: 10 pp. Date: 17-18 Nov. 2005 Short Title: What is important when deciding to include a software requirement in a project or release? DOI: 10.1109/ISESE.2005.1541833 Keywords: decision making formal specification systems analysis business-oriented criteria decision criteria decision-making impact analysis management-oriented criteria software architecture software evolution software project software requirement Companies Databases Management information systems Product development Software engineering Software systems Stress Technology management Abstract: The requirements on software systems are so many that not all requirements may be included in the next development project or the next release. This means that it is necessary to select a set of requirements to implement in the forthcoming project, and hence to postpone the implementation of other requirements to a later point in time. In this selection process different criteria are used. In many cases, the criteria are not officially stated, but rather implicitly used by the decision-makers. However, to be able to support this decision-making process, it is important to know and understand the underlying reasons for the decisions. This paper presents an empirical study of the decision criteria. In particular, the paper focuses on how different perspectives have different influence on the decision-making process. It is concluded that business-oriented and management-oriented criteria are more important than technical concerns related to software architecture, impact analysis, dependency between requirements and software evolution. Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 8959 Author: Houzelle, S., Bellemain, P., Amalric, J. and Herry, P. Year of Conference: 1996 Title: What kind of images do I need? What is the delay to obtain them? Conference Name: Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium, 1996. IGARSS '96. 'Remote Sensing for a Sustainable Future.', International Volume: 1 Pages: 823-825 vol.1 Date: 27-31 May 1996 Short Title: What kind of images do I need? What is the delay to obtain them? DOI: 10.1109/IGARSS.1996.516487 Keywords: artificial satellites geophysical techniques geophysics computing remote sensing GIS artificial satellite geographic information system geophysical measurement technique image acquisition land surface mission planning mission planning scheme scheduling algorithm software architecture terrain mapping thematic issue user preference Algorithm design and analysis Computer architecture Decision making Delay estimation Image analysis Image processing Satellites Sorting User interfaces Abstract: This paper presents a software architecture that first suggests concurrent sets of images that can be used to answer a thematic issue, second, sorts the sets of solutions to match user preferences, and third, gives a mission planning scheme for image acquisition in order to have an estimate of the overall delay required to solve the thematic problem. The main characteristics of this architecture are that problem analysis and decision making are separated in order to satisfy a large number of users and that mission planning uses a scheduling algorithm that globally plans all ground based and on orbit activities from problem statement to problem resolution Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8417 Author: Tang, Antony, Aleti, Aldeida, Burge, Janet and van Vliet, Hans Year: 2010 Title: What makes software design effective? Journal: Design Studies Volume: 31 Issue: 6 Pages: 614-640 Date: 11// Short Title: What makes software design effective? ISSN: 0142-694X DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.destud.2010.09.004 Keywords: software design decision making design reasoning design effectiveness Abstract: Software design is a complex cognitive process in which decision making plays a major role, but our understanding of how decisions are made is limited, especially with regards to reasoning with design problems and formulation of design solutions. In this research, we have observed software designers at work and have analysed how they make decisions during design. We report on how factors such as design planning, design context switching, problem-solution co-evolution and the application of reasoning techniques influence software design effectiveness. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0142694X10000669 'File' Attachments: internal-pdf://0072961136/What makes software design effective.pdf Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 7531 Author: Ernst, N. A., Bellomo, S., Ozkaya, I. and Nord, R. L. Year of Conference: 2017 Title: What to Fix? Distinguishing between Design and Non-design Rules in Automated Tools Conference Name: 2017 IEEE International Conference on Software Architecture (ICSA) Pages: 165-168 Date: 3-7 April 2017 Short Title: What to Fix? Distinguishing between Design and Non-design Rules in Automated Tools DOI: 10.1109/ICSA.2017.25 Keywords: project management public domain software software cost estimation software quality CAST NDepend SonarQube automated tools design rules empirical study long-term software costs nondesign rules open source projects software practitioners software quality rule violations software quality tools structured categorization approach Encoding Measurement Software design Syntactics Tools software cost Abstract: Design problems, frequently the result of optimizing for delivery speed, are a critical part of long-term software costs. Automatically detecting such design issues is a high priority for software practitioners. Software quality tools promise automatic detection of common software quality rule violations. However, since these tools bundle a number of rules, including rules for code quality, it is hard for users to understand which rules identify design issues in particular. Research has focused on comparing these tools on open source projects, but these comparisons have not looked at whether the rules were relevant to design. We conducted an empirical study using a structured categorization approach, and manually classified 466 software quality rules from three industry tools-CAST, SonarQube, and NDepend. We found that most of these rules were easily labeled as either non-design (55%) or design (19%). The remainder (26%) resulted in disagreements among the labelers. Our results are a first step in formalizing a definition of a design rule, to support automatic detection. Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8863 Author: Erder, M. and Pureur, P. Year: 2017 Title: What Type of People Are Software Architects? Journal: IEEE Software Volume: 34 Issue: 4 Pages: 20-22 Short Title: What Type of People Are Software Architects? ISSN: 0740-7459 DOI: 10.1109/MS.2017.103 Keywords: psychometric testing software architecture software architect Computer architecture Monitoring Pragmatics Psychology Sociology Software engineering Statistics Belbin Team Roles HBDI Herrmann Brain Dominance Instrument MBTI Myers-Briggs Type Indicator personality testing psychometrics software development Abstract: Psychometrics measures mental traits, abilities, and processes. This article presents popular industry approaches to psychometric testing and how to apply them to the role of the software architect. Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 9639 Author: Erder, M. and Pureur, P. Year: 2016 Title: What's the Architect's Role in an Agile, Cloud-Centric World? Journal: IEEE Software Volume: 33 Issue: 5 Pages: 30-33 Short Title: What's the Architect's Role in an Agile, Cloud-Centric World? ISSN: 0740-7459 DOI: 10.1109/MS.2016.119 Keywords: software architecture software prototyping agile architecture agile cloud-centric world architectural decisions continuous architecture Computer architecture Microarchitecture Pragmatics Software engineering Stakeholders agile cloud software architect software development Abstract: The software architecture pendulum is swinging away from traditional practices and toward agile and continuous practices. To be successful in this new world, architects should emphasize products over projects, drive architectural decisions, understand code, and communicate and collaborate effectively with delivery teams. Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 8065 Author: Rosso, Santiago Perez De and Jackson, Daniel Year: 2013 Title: What's wrong with git?: a conceptual design analysis Conference Name: Proceedings of the 2013 ACM international symposium on New ideas, new paradigms, and reflections on programming & software Conference Location: Indianapolis, Indiana, USA Publisher: ACM Pages: 37-52 DOI: 10.1145/2509578.2509584 Place Published: 2509584 Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 8340 Author: Kowalski, Luke, Ashley, Jeremy and Vaughan, Misha W. Year: 2006 Title: When design is not the problem: better usability through non-design means Conference Name: CHI '06 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems Conference Location: Montréal, Québec, Canada Publisher: ACM Pages: 165-170 DOI: 10.1145/1125451.1125488 Place Published: 1125488 Abstract: When it comes to shipping quality software, design is not the hard part. Methods and techniques to study users, best practices for creating iterative designs, and tools to validate them are all very well documented. Unfortunately, in chaotic and complex ecosystems very few of the designs actually end up making it through the user-centered design (UCD) process. Interaction designers' input is either ignored or interpreted through a development/business lens and considerable fidelity is lost. As a result, designers too often throw up their hands and blame the technology or the organizations. These barriers can be overcome if designers broaden their roles and better understand other stakeholders' charters. Successful collaboration with other disciplines that make up the software development lifecycle is the key to success. Practical case studies will be discussed where usability, attractiveness, and good design were achieved through non-design means. Poor information architecture, screen layout, and task flows were not the barriers to usability. Design impact was made instead through overcoming barriers in technology, organizational structure, legal, marketing, documentation / quality assurance (QA), and development tools. Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 7680 Author: Tamburri, D. A. and Nitto, E. D. Year of Conference: 2015 Title: When Software Architecture Leads to Social Debt Conference Name: 2015 12th Working IEEE/IFIP Conference on Software Architecture Pages: 61-64 Date: 4-8 May 2015 Short Title: When Software Architecture Leads to Social Debt DOI: 10.1109/WICSA.2015.16 Keywords: social sciences computing software architecture DAHLIA connected debt debt-aimed architecture-level incommunicability analysis development artefacts industrial case-study social debt sociotechnical interactions software development organizations technical debt Computer architecture Interviews Measurement Organizational aspects Osmosis Software Abstract: Social and technical debt both represent the state of software development organizations as a result of accumulated decisions. In the case of social debt, decisions (and connected debt) weigh on people and their socio-technical interactions/characteristics. Digging deeper into social debt with an industrial case-study, we found that software architecture, the prince of development artefacts, plays a major role in causing social debt. This paper discusses a key circumstance wherefore social debt is connected to software architectures and what can be done and measured in response, as observed in our case-study. Also, we introduce DAHLIA, that is "Debt-Aimed Architecture-Level Incommunicability Analysis" - a framework to elicit some of the causes behind social debt for further analysis. Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 8944 Author: Tamburri, D. A. and Nitto, E. D. Year of Conference: 2015 Title: When Software Architecture Leads to Social Debt Conference Name: 2015 12th Working IEEE/IFIP Conference on Software Architecture Pages: 61-64 Date: 4-8 May 2015 Short Title: When Software Architecture Leads to Social Debt DOI: 10.1109/WICSA.2015.16 Keywords: social sciences computing software architecture DAHLIA connected debt debt-aimed architecture-level incommunicability analysis development artefacts industrial case-study social debt sociotechnical interactions software development organizations technical debt Computer architecture Interviews Measurement Organizational aspects Osmosis Software Abstract: Social and technical debt both represent the state of software development organizations as a result of accumulated decisions. In the case of social debt, decisions (and connected debt) weigh on people and their socio-technical interactions/characteristics. Digging deeper into social debt with an industrial case-study, we found that software architecture, the prince of development artefacts, plays a major role in causing social debt. This paper discusses a key circumstance wherefore social debt is connected to software architectures and what can be done and measured in response, as observed in our case-study. Also, we introduce DAHLIA, that is "Debt-Aimed Architecture-Level Incommunicability Analysis" - a framework to elicit some of the causes behind social debt for further analysis. Reference Type: Book Section Record Number: 7502 Author: Kruchten, Philippe Year: 2010 Title: Where Did All This Good Architectural Knowledge Go? Editor: Babar, Muhammad Ali and Gorton, Ian Book Title: Software Architecture: 4th European Conference, ECSA 2010, Copenhagen, Denmark, August 23-26, 2010. Proceedings Place Published: Berlin, Heidelberg Publisher: Springer Berlin Heidelberg Pages: 5-6 Short Title: Where Did All This Good Architectural Knowledge Go? ISBN: 978-3-642-15114-9 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-15114-9_2 Label: Kruchten2010 Abstract: Software architecture represents a significant intellectual asset. But much of the architectural knowledge in organizations is still tacit knowledge. Different parties involved in software development have different needs in terms of architecture at different point in time, not limited to the architects themselves. How can we deliver the right information at the right time to the right person, as schedules are compressed? And where would the information be coming from? And how good is it? Various strategies have been tried, from central, bureaucratic accumulation of data–codification strategies, to simply giving access to the right person–personalization strategies, and a few hybrid strategies in between. This goes beyond mere software documentation, we need to effectively support the reasoning of the architects and developers. URL: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-15114-9_2 Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 7921 Author: Creighton, Oliver and Singer, Matthias Year: 2008 Title: Who leads our future leaders?: on the rising relevance of social competence in software development Conference Name: Proceedings of the first international workshop on Leadership and management in software architecture Conference Location: Leipzig, Germany Publisher: ACM Pages: 23-26 DOI: 10.1145/1373307.1373315 Place Published: 1373315 Abstract: Siemens is currently developing a curriculum for several software engineering roles. Our first step was the role of Senior Software Architect. As social competence becomes increasingly important for all software professionals, we argue that reflection is the key to improve a person's skill profile. We believe that a standard component of software development education should be the ability to realistically self-assess one's own effectiveness. Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9528 Author: Batory, D. Year of Conference: 2013 Title: Why (meta-)theories of automated software design are essential: A personal perspective Conference Name: 2013 2nd SEMAT Workshop on a General Theory of Software Engineering (GTSE) Pages: 19-22 Date: 26-26 May 2013 Short Title: Why (meta-)theories of automated software design are essential: A personal perspective DOI: 10.1109/GTSE.2013.6613865 Keywords: automatic programming object-oriented programming software tools automated software design customized program construction meta-theories natural sciences program generators relational query optimization semantic modularity Algebra Databases Generators Semantics Software design features Abstract: Program generators are tools that automatically construct customized programs in a particular domain. Generators mechanize implicit “theories” of how a domain expert would go about writing an efficient programing the core activities of a domain expert and automating them is analogous to creating and evaluating theories in physics and other natural sciences. Theories have a revered place in natural sciences; eventually theories will assume a comparable place in automated software design. The reason is simple economics: generators will remove the burden of difficult or mundane tasks from an engineer to a machine. Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 7682 Author: Naab, M., Braun, S., Lenhart, T., Hess, S., Eitel, A., Magin, D., Carbon, R. and Kiefer, F. Year of Conference: 2015 Title: Why Data Needs more Attention in Architecture Design - Experiences from Prototyping a Large-Scale Mobile App Ecosystem Conference Name: 2015 12th Working IEEE/IFIP Conference on Software Architecture Pages: 75-84 Date: 4-8 May 2015 Short Title: Why Data Needs more Attention in Architecture Design - Experiences from Prototyping a Large-Scale Mobile App Ecosystem DOI: 10.1109/WICSA.2015.13 Keywords: mobile computing software architecture software prototyping software quality agricultural domain architectural drivers architecture decision management architecture design computer science data modeling information systems large-scale mobile app ecosystem prototyping system quality attributes Computer architecture Context Data models Databases Ecosystems Mobile communication Synchronization app ecosystem data mobile practical experiences Abstract: Data is of great importance in computer science and in particular in information systems and how data is treated has major impact on a system's quality attributes. Nevertheless, software architecture research, literature, and practice often neglect data and focus instead on other architectural topics like components and connectors or the management of architecture decisions in general. This paper contributes experiences from the prototyping of a large-scale mobile app ecosystem for the agricultural domain. Architectural drivers like multi-tenancy, different technical platforms and offline capability led to deep reasoning about data. In this paper, we describe the architectural decisions made around data in the app ecosystem and we present our lessons learned on technical aspects regarding data, but also on data modeling and general methodical aspects how to treat data in architecting. We want to share these experiences with the research community to stimulate more research on data in software architecture and we want to give practitioners usable hints for their daily work around data in constructing large information systems and ecosystems. Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 8338 Author: Reinfrank, Michael Year: 2006 Title: Why is automotive software so valuable?: or 5000 lines of code for a cup of gasoline less Conference Name: Proceedings of the 2006 international workshop on Software engineering for automotive systems Conference Location: Shanghai, China Publisher: ACM Pages: 3-4 DOI: 10.1145/1138474.1138476 Place Published: 1138476 Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 8001 Author: Gokhman, Stephanie, McDonald, David W. and Zachry, Mark Year: 2011 Title: Wiki architectures as social translucence enablers Conference Name: Proceedings of the 7th International Symposium on Wikis and Open Collaboration Conference Location: Mountain View, California Publisher: ACM Pages: 203-204 DOI: 10.1145/2038558.2038594 Place Published: 2038594 Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9273 Author: Hiroyuki, Yagi, Rosenstiel, W., Engblom, J., Andrews, J., Vissers, K. and Serughetti, M. Year of Conference: 2009 Title: The wild west: Conquest of complex hardware-dependent software design Conference Name: 2009 46th ACM/IEEE Design Automation Conference Pages: 878-879 Date: 26-31 July 2009 Short Title: The wild west: Conquest of complex hardware-dependent software design ISBN: 0738-100X DOI: 10.1145/1629911.1630135 Keywords: embedded systems hardware-software codesign parallel architectures parallel memories software development management Hardware Abstraction Layer complex hardware-dependent software design complicated memory interconnect complicated memory structure embedded software design embedded software development environment heterogeneous processors semiconductor vendors standard multicore platform modeling Computer architecture Embedded software Hardware Multicore processing Permission Process design Programming Software debugging Software design Timing ESL Hardware-dependent Software MPSoC Many-core Multi-core Multiprocessors Virtual Prototyping Virtual platform Virtualization heterogeneous/homogenous multi-core programming model symmetric/asymmetric multi-core Abstract: Embedded SW design can be compared to the lawless wild west. With no clear methodology and no standard multi core platform modeling environment every company has to improvise its own solution. The problems facing embedded software users are becoming more complex since: 1) Hardware platforms become very complicated with many heterogeneous processors, complicated memory structure and interconnect; 2) Multiple platform configurations and platform migrations drive an explosion of the number of version that need to be developed/maintained/ported; 3) Processors are becoming very complicated and hard to program; 4) Semiconductor vendors can not justify the investment required to provide a complete Hardware Abstraction Layer (HAL), RTOS, etc.; 5. It is hard to put together an embedded software development environment (platform model + HAL+ development tools); 6) The speed required for efficient software development is very high. This panel composed of experts in the problem and solution domains will discuss the current problems and potential solutions. Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 8111 Author: Yagi, Hiroyuki, Rosenstiel, Wolfgang, Engblom, Jakob, Andrews, Jason, Vissers, Kees and Serughetti, Marc Year: 2009 Title: The wild west: conquest of complex hardware-dependent software design Conference Name: Proceedings of the 46th Annual Design Automation Conference Conference Location: San Francisco, California Publisher: ACM Pages: 878-879 DOI: 10.1145/1629911.1630135 Place Published: 1630135 Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8769 Author: Nebylov, Alexander Year: 2008 Title: Wing-In-Ground Effect Flight Control: New Role of Automatic Systems Journal: IFAC Proceedings Volumes Volume: 41 Issue: 2 Pages: 1082-1087 Date: // Short Title: Wing-In-Ground Effect Flight Control: New Role of Automatic Systems ISSN: 1474-6670 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3182/20080706-5-KR-1001.00187 Keywords: flight control low altitude flight marine landing sea waves radioaltimeter sensors integration Abstract: A trouble-free flight at low altitude over the disturbed sea surface and also marine landing requires the application of the special methods and means of motion control which are capable to solve the corresponding specific problems. Methods of stability provision and solving some other problems of WIG flight by means of automatic control are analyzed1. The requirements for motion control systems are reviewed and the criteria for their improvement are given. The statement of the main problems of equipment and software design for flight control at small altitude above the disturbed surface is performed. The aim of investigation is to define the way for operational performance improvement of the vehicles of advanced design. A promising way is by implementation of modern navigation and motion control systems. The experience and achievements in this field of high technology are described. Probable areas of the most effective application of vehicles with such equipment are indicated. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1474667016390954 Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8414 Author: Beshay, J. D., Subramani, K. S., Mahabeleshwar, N., Nourbakhsh, E., McMillin, B., Banerjee, B., Prakash, R., Du, Y., Huang, P., Xi, T., You, Y., Camp, J. D., Gui, P., Rajan, D. and Chen, J. Year: 2016 Title: Wireless Networking Testbed and Emulator (WiNeTestEr) Journal: Computer Communications Volume: 73, Part A Pages: 99-107 Date: 1/1/ Short Title: Wireless Networking Testbed and Emulator (WiNeTestEr) ISSN: 0140-3664 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.comcom.2015.08.007 Keywords: Wireless RF Channel emulation Testbed Abstract: Repeatability, isolation and accuracy are the most desired factors while testing wireless devices. However, they cannot be guaranteed by traditional drive tests. Channel emulators play a major role in filling these gaps in testing. In this paper we present an efficient channel emulator which is better than existing commercial products in terms of cost, remote access, support for complex network topologies and scalability. We present the hardware and software architecture of our channel emulator and describe the experiments we conducted to evaluate its performance against a commercial channel emulator. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0140366415002923 Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 8201 Author: Subramani, Kiruba S., Beshay, Joseph D., Mahabaleshwar, Niranjan, Nourbakhsh, Ehsan, McMillin, Brooks, Banerjee, Bhaskar, Prakash, Ravi, Du, Yongjiu, Huang, Pengda, Xi, Tianzuo, You, Yang, Camp, Joseph D., Gui, Ping, Rajan, Dinesh and Chen, Jinghong Year: 2014 Title: Wireless networking testbed and emulator (WiNeTestEr) Conference Name: Proceedings of the 17th ACM international conference on Modeling, analysis and simulation of wireless and mobile systems Conference Location: Montreal, QC, Canada Publisher: ACM Pages: 51-58 DOI: 10.1145/2641798.2641809 Place Published: 2641809 Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9044 Author: Yang, H., Kuang, B. and Mouazen, A. M. Year of Conference: 2011 Title: Wireless Sensor Network for Orchard Management Conference Name: 2011 Third International Conference on Measuring Technology and Mechatronics Automation Volume: 3 Pages: 1162-1165 Date: 6-7 Jan. 2011 Short Title: Wireless Sensor Network for Orchard Management ISBN: 2157-1473 DOI: 10.1109/ICMTMA.2011.859 Keywords: agriculture monitoring telecommunication network routing wireless sensor networks Digital Orchard agro-meteorological parameters monitoring atmospheric data data communication data transmission hardware design micro-meteorological parameter network maintenance node distribution orchard management orchard monitoring system remote real-time monitoring route enhancing software design soil data wireless node wireless sensing cluster topology wireless sensor network Base stations Routing Sensors Wireless communication Agricultural information monitoring Agro-meteorology Precision cultivation Abstract: Agro-meteorological parameters monitoring plays an important role in orchard management. For a project named `Digital Orchard' funded by local provincial government of China, a wireless sensor network was designed and developed with the aim of remote real-time monitoring and collecting of soil and atmospheric data. The system utilizes a wireless technology for data communication and data transmission cross sensing nodes in a network cluster. Route enhancing is proposed with an aim to facilitate node distribution in orchard and regular network maintenance. The topology of wireless sensing cluster, hardware and software design of wireless node and routing enhancement are also elaborated. The testing result shows that the proposed scheme has the capability of robust data transmission, high sensing accuracy of micro-meteorological parameters and excellent data consistency. The design method proposed in the paper is also suitable for large area of orchard monitoring system. Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9309 Author: Korkua, S. K. and Lee, W. J. Year of Conference: 2009 Title: Wireless sensor network for performance monitoring of electrical machine Conference Name: 41st North American Power Symposium Pages: 1-5 Date: 4-6 Oct. 2009 Short Title: Wireless sensor network for performance monitoring of electrical machine DOI: 10.1109/NAPS.2009.5484000 Keywords: Application software Condition monitoring Control systems Costs Electric machines Equipment failure Power system reliability Standards development Wireless sensor networks ZigBee CC2430 data collecting data monitoring wireless sensor network Abstract: To avoid unexpected equipment failures and obtain higher accuracy in diagnostic and prognostic for the health condition of a motor, efficient and comprehensive data collecting, monitoring, and control play an important role to improve the system more reliable and effective. A novel wireless data collection for health monitoring system of electric machine based on wireless sensor network (ZigBee™/IEEE802.15.4 Standard) is proposed and developed in this paper. The unique characteristics of ZigBee networks such as low power, low cost, and high flexibility make them ideal for this application. As the focus of this paper, the hardware design and implementation of a multiple nodes Zigbee based wireless sensor network are discussed. The communication protocol and software design for both wireless sensor network node and base station based on the CC2430 system on chip are presented in detail. Experimental results of the proposed wireless sensor network for its applicability to investigate different operating conditions such as electrical faults and mechanical faults are investigated and discussed. Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8584 Author: schraefel, m c and Dix, Alan Year: 2009 Title: Within bounds and between domains: Reflecting on Making Tea within the context of design elicitation methods Journal: International Journal of Human-Computer Studies Volume: 67 Issue: 4 Pages: 313-323 Date: 4// Short Title: Within bounds and between domains: Reflecting on Making Tea within the context of design elicitation methods ISSN: 1071-5819 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhcs.2007.10.009 Keywords: Design methods eScience Usability Analogy Abstract: Making Tea (MT) is a design elicitation method developed in eScience specifically to deal with situations in which (1) the designers do not share domain or artifact knowledge with design-domain experts, (2) the processes in the space are semi-structured and (3) the processes to be modeled can last for periods exceeding the availability of most ethnographers. We have used the method in two distinct eScience contexts, and may offer an effective, low cost way to deal with bridging between software design teams and scientists to develop useful and usable eScience artifacts. To that end, we propose a set of criteria in order to understand why MT works. Through these criteria we also reflect upon the relation of MT to other design elicitation methods in order to propose a kind of method framework from which other designers may be assisted in choosing elicitation methods and in developing new methods both for eScience contexts and beyond. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1071581907001449 Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 8289 Author: Mattmann, Chris A., Medvidovic, Nenad, Mohan, T. S. and O'Malley, Owen Year: 2011 Title: Workshop on software engineering for cloud computing (SECLOUD 2011) Conference Name: Proceedings of the 33rd International Conference on Software Engineering Conference Location: Waikiki, Honolulu, HI, USA Publisher: ACM Pages: 1196-1197 DOI: 10.1145/1985793.1986043 Place Published: 1986043 Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9520 Author: Mattmann, C. A., Medvidovic, N., Mohan, T. S. and Malley, O. O' Year of Conference: 2011 Title: Workshop on software engineering for cloud computing: (SECLOUD 2011) Conference Name: 2011 33rd International Conference on Software Engineering (ICSE) Pages: 1196-1197 Date: 21-28 May 2011 Short Title: Workshop on software engineering for cloud computing: (SECLOUD 2011) ISBN: 0270-5257 DOI: 10.1145/1985793.1986043 Keywords: Cloud computing Communities Conferences NASA USA Councils secloud software engineering Abstract: Cloud computing is emerging as more than simply a technology platform but a software engineering paradigm for the future. Hordes of cloud computing technologies, techniques, and integration approaches are widely being adopted, taught at the university level, and expected as key skills in the job market. The principles and practices of the software engineering and software architecture community can serve to help guide this emerging domain. The fundamental goal of the ICSE 2011 Software Engineering for Cloud Workshop is to bring together the diverse communities of cloud computing and of software engineering and architecture research with the hopes of sharing and disseminating key tribal knowledge between these rich areas. We expect as the workshop output a set of identified key software engineering challenges and important issues in the domain of cloud computing, specifically focused on how software engineering practice and research can play a role in shaping the next five years of research and practice for clouds. Furthermore, we expect to share "war stories", best practices and lessons learned between leaders in the software engineering and cloud computing communities. Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 8196 Author: Lockhart, Scott and Mehrotra, Rahul Year: 2000 Title: Writing as software development: making meaning before, after, and of the code Conference Name: Proceedings of IEEE professional communication society international professional communication conference and Proceedings of the 18th annual ACM international conference on Computer documentation: technology & teamwork Conference Location: Cambridge, Massachusetts Publisher: IEEE Educational Activities Department Pages: 205-219 Place Published: 504835 Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9414 Author: Lockhart, S. and Mehrotra, R. Year of Conference: 2000 Title: Writing as software development: making meaning before, after, and of the code Conference Name: 18th Annual Conference on Computer Documentation. ipcc sigdoc 2000. Technology and Teamwork. Proceedings. IEEE Professional Communication Society International Professional Communication Conference an Pages: 205-219 Date: 2000 Short Title: Writing as software development: making meaning before, after, and of the code DOI: 10.1109/IPCC.2000.887492 Keywords: software architecture system documentation technical presentation user interfaces human computer interaction product development software development software product life cycle technical writing Collaboration Collaborative software Computer architecture Documentation Programming Refining Software tools Solid modeling Writing Abstract: This paper presents some thoughts on redefining a technical writer's role in the software development process. It outlines ways in which writers can use their writing skills to collaborate with and add value to the HCI (human computer interaction) and software architecture functions. It also points to areas that writers need to explore further to discover the ways in which they can contribute meaningfully to information, and therefore product development throughout the life cycle of the software product. It uses real-life examples to illustrate ways in which writers can transform documentation from an item on the laundry list of deliverables into an effective design and development tool Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9496 Author: Vijayalaxmi, S. W. and Sreenivasan, A. Year of Conference: 2017 Title: "Design and simulation of ircular Microstrip patch antenna" Conference Name: 2017 International Conference on Innovative Mechanisms for Industry Applications (ICIMIA) Pages: 548-551 Date: 21-23 Feb. 2017 Short Title: "Design and simulation of ircular Microstrip patch antenna" DOI: 10.1109/ICIMIA.2017.7975519 Keywords: S-parameters antenna radiation patterns microstrip antennas omnidirectional antennas permittivity HFSS software S-parameter circular microstrip patch antenna dielectric medium dielectric permittivity frequency 2.4 GHz metallic patch omnidirectional radiation pattern printed antennas Dielectric constant Microstrip Patch antennas Resonant frequency Substrates Slotted circular Microstrip patch antenna Strip line feeding fr4 (frame resistive) substrate Abstract: A simple microstrip patch antenna consists of metallic patch and ground between a dielectric medium called the substrate. Microstrip patch antennas are widely used in communication, especially in military and civil applications. The printed antennas have played a major role in development of antenna at different frequency. The proposed antenna is done on fr4 (frame sensitive) substrate with dielectric permittivity εo and the thickness 'h' will provide with good omnidirectional radiation pattern. It has a advantages in simple design, Compact in size and easy in fabrication. Design and simulation of patch antenna using HFSS Software. Design of a circular micro-strip patch antenna for 2.4 GHz application and study s-parameter, Gain and field animations. Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8140 Author: Bhatti, Rafae, Ghafoor, Arif, Bertino, Elisa and Joshi, James B. D. Year: 2005 Title: X-GTRBAC: an XML-based policy specification framework and architecture for enterprise-wide access control Journal: ACM Trans. Inf. Syst. Secur. Volume: 8 Issue: 2 Pages: 187-227 Short Title: X-GTRBAC: an XML-based policy specification framework and architecture for enterprise-wide access control ISSN: 1094-9224 DOI: 10.1145/1065545.1065547 Legal Note: 1065547 Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9581 Author: Hee, K. van, Oanea, O., Post, R., Somers, L. and Werf, J. M. van der Year of Conference: 2006 Title: Yasper: a tool for workflow modeling and analysis Conference Name: Sixth International Conference on Application of Concurrency to System Design (ACSD'06) Pages: 279-282 Date: 28-30 June 2006 Short Title: Yasper: a tool for workflow modeling and analysis ISBN: 1550-4808 DOI: 10.1109/ACSD.2006.37 Keywords: Petri nets digital simulation formal specification formal verification software architecture workflow management software Petri net analyzer Petri net modeling Yasper tool business analyst off-the-shelf data handling software off-the-shelf forms handling software software architecture design workflow system modeling Analytical models Animation Business Costs Performance analysis Process design Software design Software tools Unified modeling language Abstract: This paper presents Yasper, a tool for modeling, analyzing and simulating workflow systems, based on Petri nets. Yasper puts Petri net modeling in the hands of business analysts and software architecture designers. They can specify systems in familiar terms (XOR choice, workflow, cases, roles, processing time and cost), and can directly run manual and automatic simulations on the resulting models to analyze correctness and performance. Yasper was designed to cooperate with other tools, such as Petri net analyzers, and off-the-shelf software for data (color) handling and forms handling Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9081 Author: Singh, S., Chana, I. and Singh, M. Year of Conference: 2013 Title: Z language based an algorithm for event detection, analysis and classification in machine vision Conference Name: 2013 International Conference on Human Computer Interactions (ICHCI) Pages: 1-7 Date: 23-24 Aug. 2013 Short Title: Z language based an algorithm for event detection, analysis and classification in machine vision DOI: 10.1109/ICHCI-IEEE.2013.6887803 Keywords: computer vision data mining formal specification image classification learning (artificial intelligence) object detection specification languages JPEG images K-means algorithm ML application MP3 data PC Z formal specification language data mining tool event analysis event classification event detection machine learning application machine vision personal computers relational data text documents video data Algorithm design and analysis Classification algorithms Clustering algorithms Detectors Machine learning algorithms Artificial intelligence Expert System Formal Language Machine Learning Matlab Software Architecture Abstract: A common task in various machine learning (ML) application areas involves observing regularly gathered data for `interesting' events. This mission is predominant in reconnaissance, but also in responsibilities fluctuating from the investigation of scientific data to the observing of unsurprisingly happening events, and from controlling engineering procedures to noticing human behavior. We will refer to this observing procedure with the determination of classifying remarkable manifestations, as event detection, analysis and classification. With the appearance of personal computers (PCs) a lot of efforts have been made to substitute manual investigation by a computerized manner. Data, nevertheless, have become gradually difficult, and the sizes of gathered data have become enormously bulky in latest years. Text documents, JPEG images, MP3, videos and even relational data are now regularly gathered. In this paper, we propose an algorithm for event detection, analysis and classification in machine vision. Till proposed algorithm is deliberated a significant facility, required degree of event detection cannot be achieved. Finally, we use K-means algorithm for classification of incoming events and proposed algorithm has been validated by Z Formal specification language in general. The proposed algorithm has been implemented in Matlab and results have been gathered through a data mining tool. Using the proposed algorithm, the events are easily detected, analyzed and classified in machine vision.